13.56Mhz Rfid Transceiver: (1) Ratp / Innovatron Technology
13.56Mhz Rfid Transceiver: (1) Ratp / Innovatron Technology
13.56Mhz Rfid Transceiver: (1) Ratp / Innovatron Technology
=
Mhz
Time Bit
f EncTime
EncTimeRef is coded on 5 bits. This means that Bit_Time_max = 9.44s and Symbol_Time_max =
75.52s.
ISO Examples
Norm Symbol
Time
Bit
Time
EncTimeRef
ISO15693 (1 out of 4)
ISO15693 (1 out of 256)
ISO14443B
75.52 s
18.88 s
9.44 s
9.44 s
2.36 s
1.18
0x1F (11111)
0x07 (00111)
0x03 (00011)
MLX90121
13.56MHz RFID Transceiver
3901090121 Page 13 of 26 Data Sheet
Rev. 009 Sept.-2009
Symbol Transmission
CK and DIN inputs are used to transmit symbols. On each rising edge of the CK signal, DIN is sampled to
encode the address of the corresponding symbol. This means that each address of the seven available
symbols can be encoded with a maximum of three bits (meaning three CK pulses). To reduce the usage
of the microcontroller for fast protocol, Sym0 and Sym1 can be transmitted with only one bit and, Sym2
and Sym3 with two bits, as shown in the following table.
Symbol First Symbol
3 bits are needed to
initiate Transmission
Subsequent Symbols
Reduced encoding
possible (minimum 1 bit)
Sym0
Sym1
Sym2
Sym3
Sym4
Sym5
Sym6 (*)
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
0
1
10
11
100
101
110
(*) Symbol 6 is hard coded to 0xFF (11111111).
To initiate a transmission, it is necessary to send the first symbol with three CK pulses to initialize the
communication. On every rising edge of DSYNC, the following symbol is sent. To complete the
transmission, no more CK pulse should be sent after EOF symbol.
Sym2 Sym0 Sym3 Sym5
Sym2 Sym0 Sym3 Sym5
DIN
CK
DSYNC
Modulation
3 CK pulses are mandatory
to start transmission
Next modul at i on dat a
avai labl e after the rising
edge of DSYNC
No CK pulse to complete
the transmission
Signal Assign
MODE
RTB
DIN
CK
1
0
Symbol to transmit
Clock
DOUT
DSYNC
x
Symbol Synchronization
MLX90121
13.56MHz RFID Transceiver
3901090121 Page 14 of 26 Data Sheet
Rev. 009 Sept.-2009
11.3.2. Reception
11.3.2.a. Analog Setup
For a proper reception, the analog chain has to be configured according to the following parameters in the
AnalogConfig register:
ByPassAll: It bypasses the analog filters in the analog chain. Must be enabled for AM reception.
RSub-carrier: It selects the reception sub-carrier frequency See table.
RSub-carrier Sub-carrier
0
1
423 / 484 kHz
847 kHz
ISO Examples
Standard ByPassAll RSub-carrier
ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier
ISO15693-Dual Sub-carrier
ISO14443-B
1
0
0
0
0
1
MLX90121
13.56MHz RFID Transceiver
3901090121 Page 15 of 26 Data Sheet
Rev. 009 Sept.-2009
11.3.2.b. Direct Reception
After analog processing, data reception can be either direct or pre-processed by hardware accelerators,
according to the configuration of the SelDOUT parameter in the DigitalConfig register.
SelDout Output Hardware ISO Standard
00
01
10
11
AM (direct)
FM (direct)
FSK (423/484 kHz)
PSK (847 kHz)
--
--
FSK decoder
PSK decoder
ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier
--
ISO15693-Dual Sub-carrier
ISO14443-B
Note
The output phase of PSK decoder is either normal or inverted.
Direct reception is achieved with the following setup.
Signal Assign
MODE
RTB
DIN
CK
1
1
1
0
DOUT
DSYNC
Received data
x
11.3.2.c. Reception with Majority Voting (MV)
Majority voting allows to:
Filter noisy signal,
Compensate for jitter,
Correct distorted signals.
At the beginning of the time slot (MVTime), an up / down counter is reset. When the input signal is
asserted high, it is counting up and when the input signal is asserted low, it is counting down. At the end
of time slot, the counter value is checked and the output value is set accordingly (low if counter is
negative; high if counter is positive).
0 1 0 1 2 1 2 3
Input
signal
Majority
Voting
MV output
D1 D2
D1 D2
0 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -2 -3
MVTime
Majority Voting Setup
The following parameters in the DigitalConfig register have to be set when using majority voting.
MVEn: it enables the majority voting function.
DecTimeRef: it defines the duration of the time slot (MVTime)
MLX90121
13.56MHz RFID Transceiver
3901090121 Page 16 of 26 Data Sheet
Rev. 009 Sept.-2009
1
78 . 6
1
Re
=
Mhz
MVTime
f DecTime
s MVTime 76 . 37 max _ =
ISO examples
Norm MVTime DecTimeRef
ISO15693 Single Sub-carrier high baud rate
ISO15693 Dual Sub-carrier high baud rate
ISO15693 Single Sub-carrier low baud rate
ISO15693 Dual Sub-carrier low baud rate
ISO1444-B
18.88s (half bit)
18.73s (half bit)
37.6s (quarter bit)
37.46s (quarter bit)
9.44s (full bit)
127
126
255
253
63
Note
For Manchester coding, majority voting is on half bit portions only.
In addition, the MVMode parameter in the DigitalConfig register allows giving more weight to low input
levels.
Note
It is highly recommended to use Majority Voting for all ISO standard configurations.
MV Reception
To start a reception with majority voting function, assert CK high at the beginning of the response. Then
take data on every falling edge of DSYNC. Reception is stopped by asserting CK low on the last rising
edge of DSYNC. Data output are delayed by DecTimeRef (see next figure).
D0 D1 D2 D3
D0 D1 D2 D3 X
CK
DSYNC
Input
Signal
DOUT
Majority
Voting
DOUT
Input
Signal
MLX90121
13.56MHz RFID Transceiver
3901090121 Page 17 of 26 Data Sheet
Rev. 009 Sept.-2009
Example in ISO1569-Dual Sub-carrier
Input Signal
CK
DOUT
MV start
Standard Reference for input signal
ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier
ISO15693-Dual Sub-carrier
ISO14443-B
Rising edge
Rising edge
Rising / Falling edge
Data Slicer
LTC is an internal signal which controls the time constant of the comparator. This signal is switched to
ensure a proper decoding in ASK modes in order to improve the reading performances.
LTC is controlled according to the following parameters in the LTC register:
LTCEn: it enables the LTC circuit.
LTCDelay: delay to switch the time constant (see next table).
-
+
Delay
RSSI
LTC
LTCDelay
Recommended delay for ISO standard
Standard DelayTime LTCDelay
ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier 4.72s 0x1F
MLX90121
13.56MHz RFID Transceiver
3901090121 Page 18 of 26 Data Sheet
Rev. 009 Sept.-2009
Example in ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier
Input Signal
CK
DOUT
MV start
LTC
LTCDelay
11.4. Power Modes
This chip has three power modes. To select one of these modes write the PowerState parameter in the
PowerState register.
PowerState Power Mode Symbol
00
01
11
Low Power
Transmitter On
Power Down
Idle
Itr
Istb
Power Down
If the Power Down mode is selected, the crystal oscillator will be turned off. Therefore, it will be impossible
to write the PowerState register to wake up the chip. To wake up the chip, it is necessary to send a falling
edge on CK when DIN is low. During Power Down mode, keep DIN high to avoid glitches on CK.
MODE
CK
DIN
Wake-up
PowerDown PowerOn
Notes
After a wake-up, the chip has to be set in Transmitter On or Low Power mode by updating the
PowerState register, after T
start
.
Low Power
The oscillator is still on but all analog circuitry is off.
11.5. BUF Output
The XBUF pin can be used to clock a device or a microcontroller. By default the output is enabled with a
frequency of 6.78MHz. The frequency can be doubled to 13.56MHz by setting the bit XBUFSel. When the
output is not used, it is recommended to disable the clock by setting the bit XBUFEnB.
MLX90121
13.56MHz RFID Transceiver
3901090121 Page 19 of 26 Data Sheet
Rev. 009 Sept.-2009
12. Configuration Registers
The following tables explain the meaning of the bit configurations in the 13 registers.
Register : AnalogConfig
Address : 0
Bit Default Name Function
7
6
5
4
3
2
1:0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
XBUFSel
XBUFEnB
TModIndex
RSub-carrier
Reserved
ByPassAll
Reserved
XBUF frequency selection (0 = 6.78MHz, 1 = 13.56MHz )
XBUF Enable (0= Enabled, 1 = Disabled)
Transmission Modulation Index (0 = 100%, 1= 10%)
Reception Sub-carrier (0 = 450K , 1 = 847K) See notes
Do not use Should always be configured at 0
Bypass analog chain (0= Connected, 1 = Bypassed) See notes
Do not use - Should always be configured at 11
Notes
ByPassAll Demodulation
0 FSK / PSK
1 ASK
RSub-carrier Sub-carrier frequency
0 423 / 484 kHz
1 847 kHz
Register : PowerState
Address : 1
Bit Default Name Function
7:2
1:0
0
0
Reserved
PowerState
Do not use
Chip Power State See notes
Notes
Power State [1:0] Mode
0 0 Idle (oscillator on)
0 1 Transmitter On
1 0 Unused
1 1 Power Down (oscillator off)
MLX90121
13.56MHz RFID Transceiver
3901090121 Page 20 of 26 Data Sheet
Rev. 009 Sept.-2009
Register : Reserved
Address : 2
Bit Default Name Function
7:0 0 Reserved Do not use
Register : DigitalConfig
Address : 3
Bit Default Name Function
7:6
5
4
3
2:1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
--
Reserved
MVMode
MVEn
SelDout
EncoderEn
Unused
Do not use
Majority Voting Mode (0 = ISO15693 / ISO14443B)
Majority Voting Enable (0 = Disabled, 1 = Enabled)
Reception Output Selection (see table)
Hardware Encoder Enable (0 = Disabled, 1 = Enabled)
Notes
SelDout Output
00
01
10
11
AM (DATA): 1 = sub carrier ; 0 = no sub carrier
FM (LIMITER): rough digital signal
FSK decoded: 1 when f = 423kHz, 0 when f = 484kHz
PSK decoded
Register : EncoderSym
Address : 4 to 9
Bit Default Name Function
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
7:0
0
0
0
0
0
0
EncoderSym0
EncoderSym1
EncoderSym2
EncoderSym3
EncoderSym4
EncoderSym5
Encoder Symbol 0
Encoder Symbol 1
Encoder Symbol 2
Encoder Symbol 3
Encoder Symbol 4
Encoder Symbol 5
Notes
Symbol 6 is hard-coded to 0xFF (11111111).
MLX90121
13.56MHz RFID Transceiver
3901090121 Page 21 of 26 Data Sheet
Rev. 009 Sept.-2009
Register : EncoderTimeRef
Address : A
Bit Default Name Function
7:5
4:0
0
0
--
EncTimeRef
Unused
Encoder Time Reference
Register : DecoderTimeRef
Address : B
Bit Default Name Function
7:0 0 DecTimeRef Decoder Time Reference
Register : LTC
Address : C
Bit Default Name Function
7:6
5:1
0
0
0
0
--
LTCDelay
LTCEn
Unused
LTC Delay
LTC Enable (0=Disabled, 1 = Enabled)
13. Configuration Registers: ISO Configuration Examples
Norm ISO15693 ISO14443
Address Register
ASK
High Baud Rate
100% modulation
FSK
High Baud Rate
10% modulation
B Type
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
AnalogConfig
PowerState*
Reserved
DigitalConfig
EncoderSym0
EncoderSym1
EncoderSym2
EncoderSym3
EncoderSym4
EncoderSym5
EncoderTimeRef
DecoderTimeRef
LTC
47
01
00
09
BF
EF
FB
FE
7B
DF
1F
7F
3F
63
01
00
0D
BF
EF
FB
FE
7B
DF
1F
7E
00
73
01
00
0F
00
FF
00
00
00
00
03
3F
00
Notes
All values are in hexadecimal notation.
Transmitter is switched on.
MLX90121
13.56MHz RFID Transceiver
3901090121 Page 22 of 26 Data Sheet
Rev. 009 Sept.-2009
14. Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis
products with different soldering processes
Our products are classified and qualified regarding soldering technology, solderability and moisture
sensitivity level according to following test methods:
Reflow Soldering SMDs (Surface Mount Devices)
IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020
Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Nonhermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices
(classification reflow profiles according to table 5-2)
EIA/JEDEC JESD22-A113
Preconditioning of Nonhermetic Surface Mount Devices Prior to Reliability Testing
(reflow profiles according to table 2)
Wave Soldering SMDs (Surface Mount Devices) and THDs (Through Hole Devices)
EN60749-20
Resistance of plastic- encapsulated SMDs to combined effect of moisture and soldering heat
EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B106 and EN60749-15
Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices
Iron Soldering THDs (Through Hole Devices)
EN60749-15
Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices
Solderability SMDs (Surface Mount Devices) and THDs (Through Hole Devices)
EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B102 and EN60749-21
Solderability
For all soldering technologies deviating from above mentioned standard conditions (regarding peak
temperature, temperature gradient, temperature profile etc) additional classification and qualification tests
have to be agreed upon with Melexis.
The application of Wave Soldering for SMDs is allowed only after consulting Melexis regarding assurance
of adhesive strength between device and board.
Melexis is contributing to global environmental conservation by promoting lead free solutions. For more
information on qualifications of RoHS compliant products (RoHS = European directive on the Restriction
Of the use of certain Hazardous Substances) please visit the quality page on our website:
http://www.melexis.com/quality.asp.
15. ESD Precautions
Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD).
Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products.
MLX90121
13.56MHz RFID Transceiver
3901090121 Page 23 of 26 Data Sheet
Rev. 009 Sept.-2009
16. Package Information
The device is packaged in a 20 pin lead free SSOP package.
Pin # Symbol Pin Type Description
1 VDD1 Supply Transmitter power supply
2 TX Analog Output transistor drain connection
3 MOD Analog External resistor to set modulation depth
4 VSS1 Supply Transmitter section ground
5 XOUT Dig-Out Output of crystal resonator
6 XIN Dig-In Input of crystal resonator and external system clock input
7 VSS2 Supply Digital section ground
8 XBUF Dig-Out Buffered output of crystal oscillator
9 RES1 Reserved Should be grounded for normal operation
10 RTB Dig-In Receive/Transmit selection
11 DOUT Dig-Out Data output
12 VDD2 Supply Digital section power supply
13 DIN Dig-In Data input for registers or modulation
14 MODE Dig-In Configuration/Communication selection
15 CK Dig-In Serial clock input
16 DSYNC Dig-Out Data synchronization output
17 VDD3 Supply Receiver section power supply
18 RES2 Reserved Should be left unconnected for normal operation
19 VSS3 Supply Receiver section ground
1 VDD1
2 TX
3 MOD
4 VSS1
5 XOUT
6 XIN
7 VSS2
8 XBUF
9 RES1
10 RTB
VSS3 19
RX 20
VDD3 17
RES2 18
DSYNC 16
CK 15
MODE 14
DIN 13
VDD2 12
DOUT 11
20 RX Ana-In Receiver input
Moisture Sensitivity Level is MSL3, according as per IPC/JEDEC J-STD-20.
The mechanical dimensions of this package are depicted on the following page.
MLX90121
13.56MHz RFID Transceiver
3901090121 Page 24 of 26 Data Sheet
Rev. 009 Sept.-2009
MLX90121
13.56MHz RFID Transceiver
3901090121 Page 25 of 26 Data Sheet
Rev. 009 Sept.-2009
17. Disclaimer
1) The information included in this documentation is subject to Melexis intellectual and other property
rights. Reproduction of information is permissible only if the information will not be altered and is
accompanied by all associated conditions, limitations and notices.
2) Any use of the documentation without the prior written consent of Melexis other than the one set forth
in clause 1 is an unfair and deceptive business practice. Melexis is not responsible or liable for such
altered documentation.
3) The information furnished by Melexis in this documentation is provided as is. Except as expressly
warranted in any other applicable license agreement, Melexis disclaims all warranties either express,
implied, statutory or otherwise including but not limited to the merchantability, fitness for a particular
purpose, title and non-infringement with regard to the content of this documentation.
4) Notwithstanding the fact that Melexis endeavors to take care of the concept and content of this
documentation, it may include technical or factual inaccuracies or typographical errors. Melexis
disclaims any responsibility in connection herewith.
5) Melexis reserves the right to change the documentation, the specifications and prices at any time and
without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with
Melexis for current information.
6) Melexis shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to
personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special
incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing,
performance or use of the information in this documentation.
7) The product described in this documentation is intended for use in normal commercial applications.
Applications requiring operation beyond ranges specified in this documentation, unusual
environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or
life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by Melexis
for each application.
8) Any supply of products by Melexis will be governed by the Melexis Terms of Sale, published on
www.melexis.com.
Melexis NV. All rights reserved.
For the latest version of this document, go to our website at:
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