Chemistry Module Perfect Score 2009 Scheme
Chemistry Module Perfect Score 2009 Scheme
Chemistry Module Perfect Score 2009 Scheme
CHEMISTRY
ANSWERS
(f) ion 1
(g) (i) T1 1
(ii) Heat is absorbed by the particles/molecules is used 1
to overcome the attraction forces between the particles/molecules in solid naphthalene. 1
(ii) Become faster 1
……10
3 (a) A representation of a chemical substance using letters for atoms and subscripts for each 1
type of atoms present in the substance.
(b) Flow hydrogen gas must through the combustion tube for a few minutes before
heating/The flow of hydrogen gas must be continuous throughout the experiment 1
1
Empirical formula is MO2
(d) No. 1
Magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen. 1
5 (a) The chemical formula that shows the simplest ratio of the number of atoms of each type of elements in
the compound 1
(b) (i) Mass of magnesium = (26.4-24.0)g =2.4 g
Mass of oxygen = (28.0 – 26.4) g = 1.6 g 1
(ii) The number of moles magnesium atoms
=2.4 = 0.1
24
The number of moles oxygen atoms
=1.6 = 0.1
16
0.1 mole of magnesium combines with 0.1 mole oxygen. Therefore, 1 mole of magnesium atoms
combines with 1 mole of oxygen atoms. 1
(iii) The empirical formula of magnesium oxide is MgO. 1
(iv) 2Mg + O2 2MgO 1
(c) To allow oxygen to enter the crucible for complete combustion to occur. 1
(d) (i)
X oxide
Dry
hydrogen
gas
→
Heat
1+1
(ii) Collect the gas in a test tube 1
Place a burning wooden splinter at the mouth of the test tube 1
No pop sound. 1
…..11
(d)
O C O
7 (a) 2.8.2 1
(b) (i) Ionic bond 1
(ii) -Atom X releases 2 electrons to atom Y 1
2+
- to achieve octet electron arrangement / to form ion X . 1
(iii) Each ion drawn correctly
2-
X Y
(e) Q+ 1
(f) (i) X 1
(ii) Atom X has achieved octet electron arrangement 1
(g) 2R + U2 → 2RU 1
(h) 1. form coloured ions 1
2. has more than one oxidation number
3. as catalyst
4. form complex ions
[ any one] …..11
Answer Chemistry Perfect Score Module 2009 4
9 (a) (i) 2.6 1
(ii) Period : 2 1
Group : 16 1….2
(b) (i) Ionic 1
(ii)
+ 2- +
+
P Q P
@
- The melting point of compound (b) is higher than compound (c) 1
- Compound in (b) consist of ions while Compound in (c) consist of neutral
molecules 1
- Ions in compound (b) are attracted by strong electrostatic forces while
molecules in compound (c) are attracted by weak van der Waals forces 1
- More heat energy is needed to overcome the strong electrostatic forces
between ions in compound (b) compared to weak van der Waalls forces
between molecules in compound(c) 1….4
….12
10 (a) Q 1
(b)(i) Ion 1
(b)(ii) solid state : Ions are not freely moving// ions are in a fixed position. 1
molten state : Ion can move freely 1…..2
(c)(i) R : Gas 1
T : Liquid 1…..2
(c)(ii)
2
(ii)
Similarities Differences
1. having the same proton number/number 1. different in the number of neutrons /different
of electrons in the nucleon number
2. having the same valence electron/ having 2. different in physical properties
the same chemical properties
4
(b)(i) 1. Nucleus contains 6 proton and 6 neutron 1
2. Electrons move around the nucleus 1
3. Two shells are filled with electrons 1
4. There are 6 valence electron// electron arrangement is 2.6 1 …….4
(ii)
Comparison Diagram 1.2 Another atom
Proton number 6 6
Number of valence electron 4 4
Chemical properties similar similar
Number of neutron//nucleon number 6//12 7//13
Physical properties different different
Standard representation of element different different
Any four 4
Temperature/ ◦ C
100
71
60
Time/s
(b) Able to determine the empirical formula and molecular formula of caffeine
correctly
Element C H N O
Mass /g 0.48 0.05 0.28 0.16
1
Answer Chemistry Perfect Score Module 2009 6
Number of 0.48/12 0.05/1 0.28/14 0.16/16
mole //0.04 //0.05 //0.02 //0.01 1
(c) Able to calculate the molar mass and the percentage of nitrogen by mass in
each of the three fertilisers and choose the best fertiliser.
1 molar mass of ammonium sulphate = 132g/mol 1
2 percentage of nitrogen in ammonium sulphate = 28/132 x 100% //
21.2% 1
3 molar mass of urea = 60 g/mol 1
4 percentage of nitrogen in urea = 28/ 60 x 100% // 46.7% 1
5 molar mass of hydrazine = 32g/mol 1
6 percentage of nitrogen in hydrazine = 28/132 x 100% // 87.5% 1
7 Hydrazine has the richest source of nitrogen compares with other
fertilizers. 1
8 The farmer should choose hydrazine 1…..8
20
(b) (i) Formula that show simplest ratio number of atoms of each element in
compound 1
20
14 (a) Formula that shows the simplest ratio of the number of atoms for each element
in the compound. 1…1
(b)
Element C H
Mass (%) 92.3 7.7
Number of 92.3 7.7 1
= 7.7 = 7.7
moles 12 1 1
Ratio of moles 1 1 1
Empirical formula : CH
RMM of (CH)n = 78
[ 12 + 1]n = 78
1
13 n = 78
n = 6
1…5
Molecular formula : C6H6
(c) Procedure:
1. Clean magnesium ribbon with sand paper 1
2. Weigh crucible and its lid 1
3. Put magnesium ribbon into the crucible and weigh the crucible with its lid 1
4. Heat strongly the crucible without its lid 1
5. Cover the crucible when the magnesium starts to burn and lift/raise the lid 1
a little at intervals
6. Remove the lid when the magnesium burnt completely 1
7. Heat strongly the crucible for a few minutes 1
8. Cool and weigh the crucible with its lid and the content 1
9. Repeat the processes of heating, cooling and weighing until a constant 1
mass is obtained
Record all the mass
10. Results:
Mass/g
Crucible + lid x
Crucible + lid + magnesium y 1
Crucible + lid + magnesium oxide z
Calculations:
1
1
Element Mg O
Mass (g) y-x z-y 1
y−x z−y 1
Number of moles
Empirical formula: MgaOb / MgO
24 16 14...
Max 12
Simplest ratio of moles a b
Group 17 1
Because atom Y has 7 valence electron 1
Period 3 1
Because atom Y has three shells occupied with electrons 1….6
Max 10
Explanation Score
Temperature / ° C
95 x
x
90
x
80.0
x x x
Freezing
x
point
70 x
60
17 (a)
Observation Inference
(i) White fume is released (i) Magnesium oxide is formed
(ii) White solid is formed/The mass of crucible and (ii) Magnesium reacts with oxygen
its content increases.
(d) 0.1 mole of Mg reacts with 0.1 mole of O/1 mole of Mg reacts with 1 mole of O
18 (a) Able to predict the manipulated Able to state how to control the manipulated variables
variable, the responding variable and correctly
the constant variable completely.
Manipulated variable :
metals of Group 1 elements // Repeat the experiment by using the metals of sodium,
sodium, lithium, potassium. lithium and potassium
Constant variable:
size/mass of metals. Volume of water Able to use the metal granules with the same size
Use the metal granules with the same size.
18 (b)
Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding variable
correctly..
Suggested answer: The reactivity of Group 1 elements increases going down the group.
18 (c) Able to arrange correctly the reactivity series of the metals according to descending order.
Answer: potassium, sodium, lithium
18 (d) Able to classify the ions correctly.
[to name or write all the formula of the ions correctly at the cations and anions group.]
Answer: positive ion/ cation : sodium ion/ Na+, hydrogen ion/ H+
Negative ion/anion : hydroxide ion/ OH-
19(d) [Able to list the correct and complete substances and apparatus.] 3
Substances and Apparatus
Lithium, sodium and potassium metals with water, basin, knife, forceps,
blue litmus paper and white tile.
19(e) [Able to give all the procedures correctly, steps 1 - 7] 3
1. Lithium metal is cut into a small piece
2. The paraffin oil on the surface of the metal is wiped with the filter.
3. A basin is filled with water.
4. Lithium metal is put on the surface of the water with a pair of forceps.
5. Reactivity of the reaction is observed and recorded.
6. The experiment is repeated with sodium and potassium metals.
14(f) [Able to show the accurate tabulation of data with correct title.] 2
Metals Observations
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Set2
1 a) i) Negatively charged ion 1
ii) Sulphate ion, hydroxide ion 1
b) Electrical energy → chemical energy 1
+ +
c) Na , H 1
d) i) Hydrogen 1
+
ii) 2H + 2e → H2 1
iii) Put a burning wooden splinter at the mouth of the test tube 1
‘Pop’ sound 1
e) i) Brown solid deposited 1
ii) Copper is below hydrogen in the electrochemical series. 1
Copper ions are selectively discharged 1
Total 11
Empirical formula YO 1
Total 10
Essay (Section B)
5 (a) Oxygen 1
-
4OH → O2 + 2H2O + 4e
Formula of reactant and products correct 1
Balance 1 …..3
(b) (i)
Substance X Description
…..6
(ii)
Electrolyte Non-electrolyte
NaCl solution NaCl solid
Naphthalene solid
(d) R, Q, P 1
(b) Experiment I
2+
Iron nail is oxidized to form Fe ions 1
Metal P speeds up the process of rusting 1
Because iron is more electropositive than P 1
2+
Dark blue precipitate indicates the presence of Fe ions 1
Experiment II
Metal Q is oxidized to form Q ions 1
Because metal Q is more electropositive than iron 1
-
Water and oxygen accept electron to become OH ions //
- -
4OH → 2H2O + OH + 4e 1
-
Pink colour of solution indicate the presence of OH ions 1
Arrangement : metal Q , iron , metal P. 1
Any 8 ……8
(c)
c) Procedure:
1. [name the electrolyte. Example, copper(II) sulphate solution] 1
-3
2. 1.0 mol dm copper(II) sulphate solution is filled in a beaker until it is
half full. 1
3. The impure copper plat is connected to the positive terminal and the
pure copper is connected to the negative terminal of the batteries. 1
4. The switch is turned on for 30 minutes. 1….4
Copper(II)
sulphate solution
[Functional diagram] 1
[Labeled] 1….2
Anode:
Half equation: Cu → Cu2+ + 2e 1
Observation: The impure copper plate becomes thinner 1
Cathode:
Half equation: Cu2+ + 2e → Cu 1
Observation: The pure copper plate becomes thicker 1….4
Total 20
8 (a) [Able to name metal X and explain the redox reaction in terms of the
transfer of electron.]
1. Magnesium/zinc/lead/iron/stanum 1
r : aluminium
2. Magnesim atom releases two electrons to form magnesium ion. 1
3. Magnesium is oxidized to magnesium ion/ undergoes oxidation 1
4. Magnesium is a reducing agent 1
5. Copper (II) ion accepts two electrons to form copper atom 1
6. Copper (II) ion is reduced to copper atom/ undergoes reduction 1 ..max 6
7. Copper (II) ion is an oxidizing agent 1
Sample answer
Diagram:
1. Set up of apparatus must be functional 1
2. Label of electrolytes and electrodes 1
Procedure
3. Fill the U-tube half full with sulphuric acid and clamp it up vertically 1
-3
4. Using a dropper, fill one arm with 1.0 mol dm acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution and the other arm with 1.0 mol dm-3 iron(II) 1
sulphate solution
5. Dipped a carbon rod into each arm and (connect the carbon rods to 1
the galvanometer using wires)/(complete the circuit)
Observation
6. Galvanometer needle is deflected 1
7. The purple solution of acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution 1
becomes colourless
8. The pale green of iron(II) sulphate solution turns brown/yellow 1
Half equation
9. Half equation for oxidizing agent
- + 2+
MnO4 + 8H + 5e → Mn + 4H2O 1
10. Half equation for reducing agent:
Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e 1 10
20
9 (a) 3
Metal pairs Potential difference / V Negative terminal
Copper/ Metal P 1.1 P
Copper/ Metal Q 2.7 Q
Copper/ Metal R 0.8 R
(b) The further apart the metal from copper in the electrochemical series, the greater 3
the potential difference
10 (a) Able to write all observations at the anode , cathode and copper(II)sulphate 3
solution correctly.
Sample Answer:
Anode: Size of anode decreased // anode become thinner.
Cathode: Size of cathode increased/becomes bigger/thicker // cathode
become thicker.
Copper(II)sulphate solution: The intensity of the blue colour remain
unchanged.
10 (b) Able to write all the inferences correctly. 3
Anode : Copper electrode dissolves / ionizes to form copper(II) ions
2+
Cathode : Cu ions are selectively discharged to form copper atom
Copper(II)sulphate solution : The concentration of the blue Cu2+ ions
remains unchanged.
10(c) Able to write the half-equation for oxidation and reduction correctly. 3
Answer:
Oxidation: Cu Cu2+ + 2e
2+
Reduction : Cu + 2e Cu
10 (d) Able to give the operational definition accurately. 3
Sample Answer:
copper anode will dissolve in copper (II) sulphate solution when an electric
current passes through it.
Sample answer:
Oxygen gas
10 (f) Able to classify all the ions that are found in the copper(II) sulphate solution 3
accurately.
Sample answer:
Responding variable 3
Rusting or iron
Controlled variable
Iron nails// jelly solution
[Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the
12(c) responding variable correctly and with direction]
Answer:
3
When iron in contact with metal X, rusting of iron inhibit /
When iron in contact with metal Y, rusting of iron increase
[Able to state the materials and apparatus correctly]
12(d)
Answer:
Apparatus : Test tube, test tube rack
3
Materials : Iron nails, metal X, metal Y, agar-agar, potassium
hexacyanoferate (III) and fenolfthalein
Able to state 6 steps:
12(e)
Answer:
1, Iron nails, Metal X and Y are cleaned
2. Two iron nails are coiled with metal X and Y each
3. Three nails are put in to different test tube
3
4. Jelly solutions is poured into the test tube and
covered the nail
5. The test tube left for a day
6. Any observation are recorded
[Able to tabulate the data with the following aspects
12(f) • Correct titles
• Complete pairs of metals]
Answer
Pairs of metal Intensity of blue Intensity of pink
colour colour
2
Nail
Nail + X
Nail + Y
2 a. (i) Yellow 1
(ii) Red 1
(iii) Orange 1
3
b. 15.00 cm 1
c (i) H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + 2H2O 1
+ -
(ii) H + OH H2O 1
-3
d. 0.1 x 20 = 0.067 moldm
2 x 15.00 1
e. (i) Yellow 1
(ii) Red 1
3
f. 30 cm 1
10
3 (a) Neutralisation 1
(b) To ensure all nitric acid is completely reacted 1
(c) ZnO + 2HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + H2O 1
(d)
zinc oxide
[functional apparatus] 1
[label] 1
(e) Number mole of nitric acid = 2(50) = 0.1 mol 1
1000
Mass of salt = 0.1 x 189 = 9.45 g 1
1
(f) Zinc carbonate, 1
Zinc 1
10
1.5__________
Ι
Ι
Ι
Ι
[label axis] 1
[curve] 1
10
8 (a) Heat released when 1 mole of a metal is displaced from its salt solution by
a more electropositive metal. 1
(b) Silvery solid formed// Colourless solution of silver nitrate becomes
blue// Amount of copper powder decreases 1
(c) (i) No. of moles of Ag+ reacted = No. of moles of AgNO3 used
= mv/1000 = 0.5(50)/1000 = 0.025 mol 1
(ii) Heat released = No. of moles of Ag x ∆H = 0.025 x 105 kJ
= 2.625 kJ = 2625 J 1
o
(iii) Heat change = mc θ 2625 J = 50 (4.2) θ θ = 12.5 C 1
(d) Assumptions
- no heat loss to surrounding 1
- specific heat capacity of solution = specific heat capacity of water 1
- density of solution = density of water ( any two) 1
(e) Energy
2 Ag+ + Cu
∆H = -105kJ
-1
2 Ag + Cu2+
1. The position and name/formulae for the reactants
and products are correct 1
2 Label for the energy axis and arrow for the two levels are shown. 1
(f) Lower/smaller 1
The total surface area exposed to the air is larger 1
Heat is lost to the environment 1
(g) To ensure all the silver nitrate solution reacted completely 1
(h) Bigger / Higher because magnesium is more electropositive than copper. 1
15
(c)
(i) Test Aqueous HCl solution Solution of HCl in
methylbenzene
Universal Green to red No changes 1+1
indicator
Add zinc Gas bubbles formed No changes 1+1
powde 1+1….6
Add Blue solution formed No changes
copper(II)oxi
de powder
Carbon dioxide 1
Turn lime water chalky 1….4
20
ESSAY SECTION C
+
12 (a) (i) Acid that will produce two moles of hydrogen ion, H from one mole of the
acid in water. 1
H2SO4 1....2
(a)(ii) Acid that dissociates completely into hydrogen ion, H + in water.
HCl 1
1....2
(b) sodium hydroxide is a strong akali that undergoes complete dissociation in
aqueous solution 1
Ammonia is weak alkali that undergoes partial dissociation only
The concentration of hydroxide ion in sodium hydroxide is higher than in 1
ammonia
Hence, the pH of sodium hydroxide is higher than that of ammonia. 1
1....4
(c) [calculation]
1. Molar mass of KOH = 39+16+1 = 56 1
2. Mol KOH = 250 x 1.0/1000 = 0.25
3. Mass = mol x molar mass = 0.25 x 56 = 14.0 gram 1
-3
[ preparation of 1.0 mol dm KOH ]
4. Weigh exactly 14.0 g of KOH accurately in a weighing bottle.
5. Dissolve 14.0 g of KOH in a little water in a beaker 6. transfer the 1
3
contents into a 250 cm volumetric flask 1
7. Rinse the beaker with distilled water and transfer all the contents into 1
the volumetric flask
8. Distilled water is added to the volumetric flask until the calibration mark. 1
-3
[ preparation of 0.1 mol dm KOH ] 1
[calculation]
Volume of KOH is added
9. M1 x V1 = M2 x V2
V1 = M2 x V2 / M1 1
3
10. = 0.1 x 250 / 1 = 25 cm 1
3 -3 3
11. 25.0 cm of 1.0 mol dm KOH is transfer to 250 cm 1
using 25.0 cm3 pipette.
12. Distilled water is added to the volumetric flask until the
Answer Chemistry Perfect Score Module 2009 24
calibration mark. 1
1....12
20
Example:
Lead(II) sulphate
Lead(II) nitrate solution and sodium sulphate solution
2+ 2−
Pb + SO4 PbSO4
(b)
2+
Test for Fe ion
Procedure I: 1
• A few drops of sodium hydroxide solution are added into the salt
solution of X until in excess.
Observation : 1
• Green precipitate cannot dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide solution
Procedure II:
• A few drops of ammonia solution are added into the salt solution of X
until in excess. 1
Observation :
• Green precipitate cannot dissolve in excess ammonia solution. 1
Inference:
2+
Fe ion is present
Inference: 1….6
2+
SO4 ion is present.
(c) • Chemicals :
sulphuric acid and magnesium oxide / magnesium carbonate /
magnesium 1
• 50 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 sulphuric acid is pour into a beaker and warmed
carefully 1
• Magnesium oxide powder is added a little at a time into the acid using
spatula. 1
• The mixture is stir well with a glass rod. 1
• Magnesium oxide powder is added continuously until some of it no longer
dissolves. 1
• The mixture is filtered to remove the excess magnesium oxide. 1
• The filtrate is pour into an evaporating dish and heated gently to produce
a saturated solution / heated until the filtrate is evaporated to about 1/3 of
its original volume. 1
• The saturated solution is then allowed to cool to room temperature for
1
crystallisation to occur.
• The magnesium sulphate crystals are filtered and dry by pressing them
between a few pieces of filter paper.
1
• H2SO4 + MgO MgSO4 + H2O 1….10
Zn + CuSO4
∆H = -152 kJmol-1
ZnSO4 + Cu
Calculation : 1
Result :
8. The initial mass of the spirit lamp + propanol = a g
The final mass of the spirit lamp + propanol = b g 1
9. The mass of propanol burnt = (a-b) g 1
10. The initial temperature of water = t1˚C
The maximum temperature of water = t2˚C 1
11. Increase in temperature of the water = (t2 – t1) = t˚C 1
Calculation :
RMM of propanol C3H7OH = 60 1
(b) Experiment I
32.00, 37.00, 40.50, 42.00, 42.00 3
Experiment II
28.00, 36.50, 41.00, 42.00, 42.00, 42.00
(c) The graph consist of:
1. Both axis are labeled and with unit 3
- y axis, volume of gas / cm3
- x axis, time/ s
2. All points are transferred correctly
3. Uniform scale
4. Best fit curve
(d) Experiment II
Because the curve in Experiment II is steepest//the gradient is 3
higher
Combustion Photosynthesis
Neutralization Rusting
Precipitation Fermentation
c. Heat change = mc Ө
= 50 (4.2) 8.0 = 1680 J
(c)
2- methylpropane 1+1
1+1
n-butane
(ii) Catalyst 1
TOTAL 12
3.
(a) (i) ester 1
(ii) –COO- // -OOC- 1
H ― C ― OH
H ― C ― OH
1
H ― C ― OH
HOOC(CH2)7CHCH(CH2)7CH3
1
(b) unsaturated;
1
the molecule of olive oil contains C=C double bonds.
1
(c) (i) Hydrogen, nickel, 180oC
1+1 + 1
(ii) hydrogenation (addition reaction)
1
b (i) C2H4 1
(ii) ethene 1
(iii) double bond between carbon atoms 1
(a: C=C )
c (i) Bromine water 1
(ii) Halogenation// Addition of bromine 1
(iii) Brown bromine water decolourised 1
5 (a) Ceramic 1
(b) (i) Lead glass 1
(b) (ii) High density / refractive index 1
(b) (iii) Use as prism 1
(c) (i) 1
H H
C=C
H Cl
1+1
(b) To stimulate positive emotion from the patience like self-confidence, more 1
active and energetic
(c) Usage of psychotherapeutic drugs can cause many side effects like 1
addiction, fear, aggressiveness or death in a person.
(d) Arthritis 1
Asthma 1
Essay Section B
Max: 5
= 85.71% 1
(c)
(i) W: propanoic acid; Z: ethyl methanoate 1+1
W and Z have the same molecular formulae but different structural 1
formulae.
W has the carboxyl group as the functional group while Z has the 1
carboxylate group as the functional group.
H O H
1
H ―C ― C ― O ― C ― H
H H
1
CH3 COOH + CH3OH CH3 COOCH3 + H2O 1
Catalyst: Concentrated sulphuric acid
TOTAL 10
9 (a) . Element C H O
% 52.2 13.0 34.8
No. of moles 52.2/12 13/1 34.8/16 1
Ratio of moles 4.35 13 2.175
Simplest ratio 2 6 1 1
3 3
(b) • 50 cm ethanol and 25 cm of ethanoic acid are added into a 1
round-bottomed flask.
• 5 cm3 of concentrated sulphuric acid is added. 1
• A Liebig condenser is fixed to the round-bottomed flask. 1
• The mixture is heated under reflux for 30 minutes. 1
• The ester, ethyl ethanoate is distilled out from the mixture at its 1
boiling point.
(c) Dehydration 1
Alumina / unglazed porcelain chips, heat
1+1
..3
(d) • When ethanoic acid is added to latex, the H+ ions in the acid will 1
• neutralize the negative charges on the protein membrane of the
rubber particles. 1
• As a result the rubber particles will collide with each other and 1
• break the protein membrane setting free the rubber polymer 1
molecules which then coagulate.
• Coagulation can be prevented by adding an alkali. 1
Max: 4
(e) A long chain molecule that is formed by the joining together of smaller 1
molecules called monomers.
H H H H
n C == C --- C ― C ----
1..2
H H H H n
20
(c)(i) • Pure metal are made up of same type of atoms and are of the same 1
size.
1
• The atoms are arranged in an orderly manner.
1
• The layer of atoms can slide over each other.
• Thus, pure copper are ductile.
1
• There are empty spaces in between the atoms. 1
• When a pure copper is knocked, atoms slide. 1
1
• Thus, pure copper are malleable.
Max:5
(c)(ii) • Zinc. 1
1
• Zinc atoms are of different size,
1
• The presence of zinc atoms disturbs the orderly arrangement of
copper atoms. 1
• This reduce the layer of atoms from sliding.
Zinc atom
Copper atom
Arrangement of atoms – 1
1
Label - 1 1
Max: 5
Total 20
(d) Precaution:
(i) 1.Take after food.
2. Swallowed with plenty of water 1
Explain:
1. Acidic and can cause irritation of the stomach. 1 2
2. To avoid internal bleeding/ulceratiion
[precaution – 1m]
[explain – 1m ]
Health hazards:
Irritates the nose and eyes 1
Causes bronchitis and asthma 1
Formation of acid rain:
Sulphur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form sulphur trioxide 1
2SO2 + O2 → 2SO3 1
Both oxides of sulphur dissolve in rain water to form sulphurous and
sulphuric 1
Answer Chemistry Perfect Score Module 2009 37
acids respectively 1
SO2 + H2O → H2SO3 1
SO3 + H2O → H2SO4 1
Effects of acid rain:
Corrodes buildings and bridges 1
Damages vegetation 1..max
10
(b)
15(b) [Able to relate between the manipulated variable and the responding variable.]
Vulcanised rubber is more elastic than the unvulcanised rubber// Unvulcanised rubber
is less elastic than the vulcanised rubber
15(c)
Variable Action to be taken
(i) Manupilated variable (i) The way to manupilate variable
Vulcanized and unvulcanized Repeat by replacing vulcanized rubber with
rubber// Mass of weight unvulcanized rubber//Use weights with
different masses
(ii) Responding variable (ii) What to observe in the responding variable
Increase in length of rubber To measure length of rubber strip
strip//elasticity
(iii) Fixed variable (iii) The way to maintain the controlled
Initial length of rubber strip variable
Use the same length of vulcanized and
unvulcanized rubber strips
(d) The elasticity of the rubber strip is shown by its ability to return to its 3
original length after it is stretched.
(e) (b) Unvulcanized rubber: the minimum weight is 40g 3
Vulcanized rubber could return to its original length even after the
50g weight was removed
(e)
The cleansing power of soap is weaker in sea water compare to detergent The
3
cleansing power of soap is weaker in sea water compare to detergent
(ii) Hypothesis: 3
Iron rusts faster than steel.
(iii) Material:
Iron nail, steel nail, agar-agar solution, potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) 3
solution.
Apparatus:
Test tubes.
(iv) Procedure:
1. Iron nail and steel nail are cleaned using sandpaper.
2. Iron nail is placed into test tube A and steel nail is placed into
test tube B.
3. Prepare 5 % of agar-agar solution and add several drops of
potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution to the agar-agar 3
solution.
4. Pour the agar-agar solution into test tubes A and B until it covers
the nails.
5. Leave for 1 day.
6. Both test tubes are observed to determine whether there is any
blue spots formed or if there are any changes on the nails.
Tabulation of data:
(v) Test tube The intensity of blue spots
A 3
B
OR
Problem statement:
Iron is softer than steel.
Hypothesis:
The diameter of the dent of the steel is smaller than the diameter of the
dent of iron.
Material:
Steel block, iron block.
Apparatus:
Ruler, 1 kg weight, retort stand and clamp, thread, steel ball, cellophane
tape.
Tabulation of data:
Diameter of the dent (cm)
Material Average (cm)
Reading 1 Reading 2
Iron block
Steel block
(ii) Variables
Manipulated Variable: Types of reagents 3
Responding variable: Change in colour
Fixed variable: hexan-1-ol, hex-1-ene and hexane
(iv) Procedure:
3
1. About 2 cm of each liquid X, Y and Z are poured into three
separate test tubes. 3
2. 1 cm3 of potassium dichromate(VI) solution is added into each
3 -3
test tube followed by 1 cm of 1 mol dm sulphuric acid and heat.
3. The mixture in each test tube is then shaken well.
4. The changes in each test tube are observed and recorded.
5. Steps 1 to 4 are repeated using 2 cm3 of bromine water to replace
the acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution.
Y 3