This document describes the components, measuring principles, and development of measurement robots. It discusses the basic components of measurement robots including the coordinate system, manipulator, transducer, calculator & controller, and more. It also explains the principles of measuring, including automatic target recognition and distance measurement. The document then discusses how measurement robot software can be developed through serial control between the computer and robot using programming languages like Visual C# and interfaces like Leica Geosystems' GeoCOM to create automatic monitoring systems. Such systems can automatically search for targets, take measurements, analyze data, and output results.
This document describes the components, measuring principles, and development of measurement robots. It discusses the basic components of measurement robots including the coordinate system, manipulator, transducer, calculator & controller, and more. It also explains the principles of measuring, including automatic target recognition and distance measurement. The document then discusses how measurement robot software can be developed through serial control between the computer and robot using programming languages like Visual C# and interfaces like Leica Geosystems' GeoCOM to create automatic monitoring systems. Such systems can automatically search for targets, take measurements, analyze data, and output results.
This document describes the components, measuring principles, and development of measurement robots. It discusses the basic components of measurement robots including the coordinate system, manipulator, transducer, calculator & controller, and more. It also explains the principles of measuring, including automatic target recognition and distance measurement. The document then discusses how measurement robot software can be developed through serial control between the computer and robot using programming languages like Visual C# and interfaces like Leica Geosystems' GeoCOM to create automatic monitoring systems. Such systems can automatically search for targets, take measurements, analyze data, and output results.
This document describes the components, measuring principles, and development of measurement robots. It discusses the basic components of measurement robots including the coordinate system, manipulator, transducer, calculator & controller, and more. It also explains the principles of measuring, including automatic target recognition and distance measurement. The document then discusses how measurement robot software can be developed through serial control between the computer and robot using programming languages like Visual C# and interfaces like Leica Geosystems' GeoCOM to create automatic monitoring systems. Such systems can automatically search for targets, take measurements, analyze data, and output results.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER)
www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 1 The Research And Development Of Measurement Robot Automatic Monitoring Systems
Luo Kaitian Department of Computer Science Sichuan University for Nationalities Kangding, China
I. THE BASIC COMPONENTS AND MEASURING PRINCIPLES OF THE MEASUREMENT ROBOT The measurement robot, also known as the total station, is a comprehensive surveying system, which includes the basic functions of auto target recognition (ATR), autocollimation, auto target tracking (ATT), auto angle and distance measurement and automatic recording. It minimizes labor intensity, greatly improves work efficiency and achieves a more accurate result. The major subsystem of the measurement robot contains eight parts, namely a coordinate system, manipulator, transducer, calculator & controller, closed-circuit control sensor, decision maker, target acquisition and integrated sensor. First of all, by using a spherical coordinates system, the coordinate system can find targets in the range of 360 horizontally and 180 vertically; the manipulator is mainly used to adjust rotation; the transducer transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy that activates the stepper motor; the calculator & controller boots up and shuts down the operating system(OS) and stores data while creating conditions for other systems related to dock; the closed-circuit control sensor transmits collected data to the manipulator and controller in order to fix positions accurately and measure; the decision making is used to find targets; target acquisition, including setting thresholds, region-segmentation method and heliography, is mainly for precisely collimating targets and the integrated sensor is used to collect data.The basic measuring principles are: processing images collected by the image sensor to achieve automatic tracking and precise collimation under the control of the calculator & controller. In general, surveyors plan a measuring strategy based on information acquired from a measuring task. They obtain data using sensory recognition analyzing the surroundings and targets via the available instruments. While measuring the robot can identify, judge, analyze, automatically control, collimate and indicate. It can be connected to a computer and or softwares for data analysis and program design and has high automation, remote control, fast response and high precision features. The measurement robot has passed three stages of development. Currently, it can use image- processing to automatically recognize, match and autocollimate targets according to their counters and textures, and can realize 3D imaging.
II. THE PRINCIPLES OF MEASURING ROBOTS DEVELOPMENT AND THE REALIZATION OF AUTOMATIC MONITORING SYSTEMS PREPARE YOUR PAPER BEFORE STYLING The principles Internationally famous measurement solution providers have launched their own products. The robot produced by Leica Geosystems in Switzerland has always been leader in the development of this industry because of its high precision, stability and ease of secondary development. The high-performance Leica TCRA1201 intelligent measuring robot with its high precision is widely employed for construction use. This paper studies the way its hardware device and Microsoft Visual C#2008 as the programming language are used to develop software. The secondary development can be carried out with a uniform serial interface GeoCOM instruction set. GeoCOM, a COM component in the form of DLL (Dynamic Link Library), specially developed by Leica Geosystems for secondary development, can provide users with a more personalized UI (User Interface) or allow users to develop more advanced client applications on the basis of the Leica measuring devices. It has two interface modes: the advanced function mode and ASCII. The former uses VB (Visual Basic) or C++ and can directly invoke the request, response and analytic function packaged in the COM component; the latter, constructed to demand, uses serial line to send request to the robot and immediately receiving response decoding. During each process of the latter there is a corresponding specific identification code related to given parameters. Although the advanced function mode is highly integrated and easy to invoke, ABSTRACT: This paper describes the hardware components and principles of measuring of the measurement robot and introduces its secondary developmental principles. For the purposes of this study serial control between the computer and the measuring robot was studied. Through the analysis and coordination of software requirements, engineering automation observations, Microsoft Visual C#2008 programming language, and Leica Geosystems GeoCOM robot programming interface, developers can achieve the engineering standards of automatic monitoring data acquisition software. Experiments show a high degree of automation software improves work efficiency in significant ways.
KEYWORDS: Measuring robot; automatic monitoring; serial control
The Research and Development Of Measurement www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 2 its functions are all too often called, which greatly consumes memory, drags response rate and limits the programming language. Therefore this study is based on the ASCII interface mode to realize the softwares development. The ASCII command character strings format of the Leica TCRA1201 measurement robot is as follows: Transmission serial: [<LF>]%R1Q, <RPC>, [<TrId>]: [<P0>], [<P1>,] <Term>, meaning of each symbol is presented in Table 1. Table 1. Symbol Meaning of Transmission Serial
<LF> Initialize the new line character to empty the buffer %R1Q First category request mark of GeoCOM <RPC> Remote procedure call mark, from 0 to 65535 <TrId> Optional transaction ID, generally from 1 to 7, the same as the transaction ID of reception serial
Head of character string and decollator of the parameter <P0> <P1> Parameter 1, parameter 2 <Term> character string terminatordefault: CR/LFcan be set by COM_SetTerminator Reception serial: %R1P, <GRC>, [<TrId>] : <RC>, [<P0>, <P1>] <Term>, meaning of each symbol is presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Symbol Meaning of Reception Serial
%R1P First category response code of GeoCOM <GRC> GeoCOM return code. If it's 0, succeed; if not, fail. <TrId> Optional transaction ID, generally from 1 to 7
Head of character string and decollator of the parameter <RC> Remote procedure call return code. If it's 0, succeed; if not, fail. <P0> <P1> Parameter 1parameter 2 <Term> Character string terminatordefault: CR/LFcan be set by COM_SetTerminator
The Realization of Automatic Monitoring Because the location and numbers of the observation spot are relatively fixed, in order to realize unattended, real-time, consecutive, effective and dynamic automatic measurement, the software used can automatically search, collimate and indicate in a certain field range to finish tasks like timing measurement, calculation, analysis and output. The objective Automation. The automatic monitoring software strictly implements auto detection and processes and analyzes data feedback according to given observation set numbers and observation intervals. Intelligence. When blocked and not meeting tolerance requirements, the software should command the robot to measure again, and if necessary, give an alarm. Mass storage. After measuring there is a large amount of data. The DLL can store and manage data effectively and provides data query and analysis. Friendly and easy user interface. For the convenience of users, the software should have an easy-to-use interface and simple operation. The main functional modules of the automatic monitoring software This software mainly consists of project management, system preferences, survey station settings, measurement learning, automatic measurement, data processing and output. Project management. Each engineering project has a corresponding database file that stores data including system preferences, original values and a range of calculated analysis. System preferences. Set the computers serial communication parameters to conform to the robots baud rate, calibration stop bit, 2c mutual error, index error. Misclosure of the round will be set as well. Survey station settings. These include settings of the name of the station, the height of the instrument and prism constants. Measurement learning. Firstly, users supply rough information about the target spot. After auto search, precise collimating and surveying, location data is recorded. Automatic measurement. The software will, if running over time, automatically remeasure part or all of the target according to the numbers configured. Data processing. Based on the original data, the software will calculate and analyze. Output. It provides enquiry and output of the original observation data, calculation and analytic results and generate forms and charts. Friendly and easy user interface. For the convenience of users, the software should have an easy-to-use interface and simple operation.
The Research and Development Of Measurement www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 3 1.3 The realization According to the analysis and study above, the automatic monitoring softwares major structure plan of measurement robot is presented in Figure 1, and the major interface is presented in Figure 2. Figure 1
III. THE PRACTICAL USE OF THE AUTOMATIC MONITORING SOFTWARE In order to analytically verify this software, a project is hence selected and its datum point & the arrangement of the observation spot is presented is Figure 3. In Figure 3, BM1~BM4 is the datum point, J1~J2 is the observation spot. The process of the experience is as follows: 1) Tolerance observation and communications parameters edition, input. Tolerance observation is presented in Table 3. Figure 2
Figure 3
Table 3. Tolerance Observation
Numbers of observation set Semiobservation of misclosure of round Different observation set of 2c mutual error in the same direction The same direction zero direction value is poor 2C value 3 6 9 6 15
2) Measurement learning and storage of the Datum point BM1~BM4 and the observation spot J1~J2. 3) Collect data 3 times of observation set according to the parameters in Table 3. If the results do not meet the requirements in Table 3, the tester is warned and the robot will remeasure part of target or the whole. 4) After auto measurement, make coordinate calculations and store the results. The observation spots eight- period coordinate transformation is presented in Figure 4and Figure 5. And this system based on measurement robot is proved to be capable of the surveying requirements and increasing work efficiency.
Automatic Monitoring Systems Project management System preferences Survey station settings Measurement learning Automatic measurement Data processing Output Automatic Monitoring Systems Project management
System preferences
Survey station settings
Measurement learning
Automatic measurement
Data processing
Results output
BM2 BM3 BM1 BM4
J2 J1 The Research and Development Of Measurement www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 4
Figure 4 Figure 5 IV. CONCLUSION This paper studies the development of automatic monitoring systems of the measuring robot. By connecting computer equipment and the robot, after serial steps (program delivery, command acceptation) of data collecting, the problems of huge workload and highly-required precision can be solved, which increases the efficiency and quality of the field survey. V. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This essay is sponsored by the projects from Sichuan Department of Education (Project No. 13ZA0136). REFERENCES [1] Cai Qianguang. Study of the Multi-station Automatic Deformation Monitoring System[D]. Shandong Uuniversity of Science and Technology, 2007. [2] Cao Titao. Automatic Measurement Method of Tunnel Cross Section and Software Development Based on Intelligent Total Station[D]. Southwest Jiaotong University, 2008. [3] Fan Baixing. Programming Instrument-end Application on Tps1100 with GeoBasic [J]. Surveying and Mapping of Sichuan, No.03, 2003. [4] GeoC++ Step by Step (V 7.00) [Z]. Leica Geosystems AG. Heerbrugg, Switzerland, 2008. [5] Gui Huihong, Zhang Jin. Design and Implementation of Integrated Datebase in Automatic Deformation Monitoring System [J]. Engineering of Surveying and Mapping, No.01, 2010. [6] Mei Wensheng, Zhang Zhenglu, Guo Jiming. Software of Georobot Deformation Monitoring System [J]. Journal of Wuhan University, No.02, 2002. [7] Tang Zhengqi, Wu Zhengming, Jiang Bo. The Application of Survey Robot Based on GeoCOM Interface Technology[J]. Journal of Hunan City University, No.04,2006. [8] Zhang Fengrui. The Discussion of Reflectorless Measurement Accuracy[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, No.11, 2011 [9] Zhang Yuanzhi, Xiao Qinggui, Miao Hongbing Positioning System of Instrument-end Application on Tps1100[J]. Surveying and Mapping of Beijing, No. 03, 1996. [10] Zhang Zhenglu. Measurement Robot[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, No. 5, 2001.
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International Journal of computational Engineering research (IJCER)