The document describes a short distance runner experimenting with different factors that may affect her 200m race time. She varies her shoe type (with or without spikes), running time (morning or evening), and arm position (high or low). There are three factors in her experiment: shoe type, time of day, and arm position. Running all possible combinations would result in 8 experiments.
The document describes a short distance runner experimenting with different factors that may affect her 200m race time. She varies her shoe type (with or without spikes), running time (morning or evening), and arm position (high or low). There are three factors in her experiment: shoe type, time of day, and arm position. Running all possible combinations would result in 8 experiments.
The document describes a short distance runner experimenting with different factors that may affect her 200m race time. She varies her shoe type (with or without spikes), running time (morning or evening), and arm position (high or low). There are three factors in her experiment: shoe type, time of day, and arm position. Running all possible combinations would result in 8 experiments.
The document describes a short distance runner experimenting with different factors that may affect her 200m race time. She varies her shoe type (with or without spikes), running time (morning or evening), and arm position (high or low). There are three factors in her experiment: shoe type, time of day, and arm position. Running all possible combinations would result in 8 experiments.
A short distance runner is training for a 200m race. She is practicing regularly: sometimes in the morning and sometimes in the evening. She decides to use one type of shoe with spikes and another type without spikes. And when she runs, she uses arm positions held high or held lower down. Recall the policy, shown in Quiz 1, for selecting all correct answers. Select all the options below that are true. Your Answer Score Explanation The measured outcome variable from the experiments would be which type of shoe to use. Correct 0.25 Not quite: the outcome variable was not specified. It might have been time to complete the 5km. The choice of shoe is a factor in the experiments, but not an outcome. Using shoes with spikes can be assigned "minus" and using shoes with no spikes can be assi gned as "plus" in the standard order table. Correct 0.25 That's correct. Though the other way around can also be assigned. The racer will run 6 (2+2+2) experiments if she does a full Correct 0.25 No, there will be 23 = 8 experiments. factorial with no repetition (replicates) There seem to be 3 factors in her experiment, as described above. Correct 0.25 Yes: A = time to run; B = shoe type; and C = arm position. Total 1.00 / 1.00
Question Explanation
There are 3 factors in the experiment: A = time to run; B = shoe type; and C = arm position. So there will be 23=8 experiments. Question 2 Consider the following two factor baking system: A = Baking temperature (300C or 350C) B = Mixing time (10 minutes or 20 minutes). The experiments yielded the following data:
If you were to draw a cube plot, please predict in which direction the system will most likely show improved taste. Recall the objective is to maximize the outcome. Your Answer Score Explanation
Question 3 A fellow classmate taking this course, Geoffrey, has described his biking experiment on our YouTube channel. You can view this video for background information, but it is not required to answer the question. Consider these fictitious experimental results recording his time to get to the top of the mountain (in minutes) Date A = Bicycle type B = Cycling position on the bicycle y = Time to cycle up the mountain 12 July Mountain bike Standing 24 14 July Mountain bike Sitting 33 15 July Road racing bike Sitting 42 18 July Road racing bike Standing 27
Please select all correct answers below. Hint: drawing a cube plot will help you to visualize and calculate the answer Your Answer Score Explanation If factor B in the model was coded as 1 for sitting and coded as +1 for standing, then we would see a term "6.0xB" in the prediction equation. Correct 0.33 Going from a standing position to a sitting position on the bike decreases the time to the top of the mountain by 12 minutes, on average. Correct 0.33 Going from a sitting position to a standing position has no effect on the time taken. Correct 0.33 Going from a sitting position to a standing position on the bike decreases the time to the top of the mountain by 12 minutes, on average. Correct 0.33 Going from using a road racing bike to a mountain bike increases the time to the top of the mountain by 6 minutes, on average. Correct 0.33 Going from using a mountain bike to a road racing bike increases the time to the top of the mountain by 6 minutes, on average. Correct 0.33 Total 2.00 / 2.00
Question 4 Continuing on with the previous question about cycling and now we will show the complete set of data acquired: Date A = Bicycle type B = Cycling position on the bicycle C = Carrying water bottle and backpack (extra weight) y = Time to cycle up the mountain 11 July Mountain bike Standing Yes 27 12 July Mountain bike Standing No 24 13 July Road racing bike Standing Yes 31 14 July Mountain bike Sitting No 33 15 July Road racing bike Sitting No 42 16 July Mountain bike Sitting Yes 36 17 July Road racing bike Sitting Yes 46 18 July Road racing bike Standing No 27
You coded the effect of carrying extra weight as C, where 1 is coded for no extra weight and +1 for carrying the water bottle and backpack weight Now select the answer(s) below that correctly describe the effect of carrying extra weight on the time taken to reach the top of the mountain. Your Answer Score Explanation the change from 1 to +1 in factor C will increase the time taken by 7 minutes on average Correct 0.50 it is half this amount, 3.5 minutes the model will have a term +3.5xC for the weight effect Correct 0.50 no, the model has a term +1.75xC the extra weight means that your time to cycle up the mountain increases by 3.5 minutes, on average Correct 0.50 this is the only correct option for this question the option of having extra weight with you will increase the time taken by 1.75 minutes Correct 0.50 it is double that: 3.5 minutes Total 2.00 / 2.00
Question 5 Another EFI classmate, Antowan, is investigating spinach seed germination. You can watch his video for background information, but it is not required to answer this question. Of interest is how he has randomized the order of his experiments. He investigated several factors, but we will only consider two below. Imagine that Antowan's outcome variable was the percentage of seeds that successfully germinated within a 5 day period. He calculated the following prediction model y=65+5xW+20xS+10xWxS from the data listed below. Water amount Sunlight amount Percent germinated 1 glass Low 50 2 glasses Low 40 1 glass High 70 2 glasses High 100 where W = amount of water (1 shot glass, or 2 shot glasses) S = the amount of sunlight (1 is low amount of sunlight, and +1 is full/high sunlight). Please select the correct interaction plot below. Hint: first create your own interaction plot using the experimental data and compare with the answers in the question. Your Answer
Question 6 As predicted in the lectures, the popcorn example strikes again! Suppose we use the popcorn data, except there is one subtle difference (inspect closely!) Factor A = cooking time, with low level of 160 seconds and high level of 200 seconds Factor B = popcorn type with yellow corn coded as (minus) and white corn coded as + (plus) The data here are the number of popped corns from each experiments:
Two hints and notes: 1. While considering the possible answers below, what do you notice is different from videos 2A and 2B? 2. While deriving the models below, practice including the interaction terms. In videos 2A and 2B we ignored the interaction, because I wanted to only focus on main effects. But in video 2C I showed how to calculate interactions. Now please select all options which are true. Your Answer Score Explanation The effect of switching from yellow corn to white corn is to reduce the number of popped kernels by 8, on average. Correct 0.33 When using yellow corn, the predicted number of popped corn at 180 seconds would be 71 kernels. Correct 0.33 The effect of switching from white corn to yellow corn is to reduce the number of popped kernels by 8, on average. Correct 0.33 This option should not be selected. Going from white corn to yellow corn increases the outcome by 8, on average. A prediction model would be: y=67+10xA4xB+1xAxB Correct 0.33 When using yellow corn, the predicted number of popped corn at 180 seconds would be 63 kernels. Correct 0.33 This option should not be selected. A prediction model would be y=67+10xA+4xB1xAxB . Correct 0.33 This option should not be selected. Total 2.00 / 2.00
Question 7 The following prediction model was built from a full-factorial experiment in 2 factors, with 2 levels per factor: y=7+3xA4xB+2xAxB The factors were: Factor A = raw material supplier, where the low level = BASF; and the high level is Dow Chemical Company Factor B = melt temperature, with a low level of 320C and high level of 340C
and the y-value is the roughness of the plastic surface made from the plastic. Your company is making glossy covers for a hi- tech consumer product (e.g. imagine a cover for a cell phone) and is aiming to minimize the surface roughness. What is the predicted roughness when using the raw material from BASF with a melt temperature of 330C? Your answer must be a single numeric value. Answer for Question 7 You entered:
Your Answer Score Explanation 4 Correct 2.00 Total 2.00 / 2.00 Question Explanation
Note that the coding is xA=1 and that xB=0. y^y^y^=7+3xA4xB+2xAxB=7+3(1)4(0)+2(1)(0)=73=4 Question 8 Suppose a group of students have designed a 2-factor DOE to investigate optimizing plant growth using pea seeds. They have decided to investigate the following factors: Factor A = Amount of soil, with low level of 200 grams and high level of 400 grams Factor B = Amount of water added daily, with low level of 50 mL and high level of 100 mL The students collected the following data with the height of the plant after 14 days [in cm] being the outcome variable:
Then after analyzing the data the students determined the following prediction model: y=5.75+0.75xA+1.25xB+0.25xAxB Predict the height of the plant when using 300 grams of soil and 75mL of water. Some hints: Draw a cube plot of the system and mark the point in the square where you are making the prediction. Do you see why this point is called the "baseline" now? Superimpose contours on the square to check whether your answer is reasonable. Your Answer Score Explanation y^=4
y^=3.75
y^=0
y^=5.75 Correct 2.00 Total 2.00 / 2.00 Question Explanation
The coded value for xA=0, since 300 grams is midway between 200 and 400 grams. The coded value for xB=0, since 75 mL is midway between 50 and 100 mL. Substituting these two coded values into the equation gives y^=5.75+0+0+0=5.75 Notice that this is the intercept of the equation, which is one way to interpret the meaning of the word "baseline": it is the point exactly in the middle of the cube plot. Question 9 A company is struggling to improve the yield. Yield is the percentage of raw product that is converted to a final product. The yield should be maximized, and the employee is trying to investigate two factors that affect the yield. T = Temperature of the jacket: either 390C or 410C D = Amount of additive: 0.5 kg or 1.25 kg. (For background, please see Florian's video on our YouTube channel, but it is not required viewing). The employee ran the experiments in random order and collected the following data:
with the aim of developing the following prediction model: y=b0+bTxT+bDxD+bTDxTxD Determine the interaction factor coefficient; in other words, determine the numeric value of bTD. (Hint: re-watch lecture 2C if you need help remembering how to calculate the interaction term.) Your Answer Score Explanation 2.5
1.5 Correct 2.00 2
3
Total 2.00 / 2.00 Question Explanation
y change in T at high values of D: 89 - 81 = +8% y change in T at low values of D: 79 - 77 = +2% The half difference = 822=3 Report half this value as bTD = 1.5
y change in D at high values of T: 89 - 79 = +10% y change in D at low values of T: 81 - 77 = +4% The half difference = 1042=3 Report half this value as bTD = 1.5
or, for those of you that prefer the least squares model solution from the (XTX)1XTy equation: 777981+894=1.5