scheduling problem and new solution techniques. Chapter 8 treats methods
used in generation system planning and introduces probabilistic techniques in the computation of fuel consumption and energy production costs. Chapter 8 stands alone and might be used in any position after the first seven chapters. Chapter 9 introduces generation control and discusses practices in modern US. utilities and pools. We have attempted to provide the big picture in this chapter to illustrate how the various pieces fit together in an electric power control system. The topics of energy and power interchange between utilities and the economic and scheduling problems that may arise in coordinating the economic operation of interconnected utilities are discussed in Chapter 10. Chapters 11 and 12 are a unit. Chapter 11 is concerned with power system security and develops the analytical framework used to control bulk power systems in such a fashion that security is enhanced. Everything, including power systems, seems to have a propensity to fail. Power system security practices try to control and operate power systems in a defensive posture so that the effects of these inevitable failures are minimized. Finally, Chapter 12 is an introduction to the use of state estimation in electric power systems. We have chosen to use a maximum likelihood formulation since the quantitative measurement- weighting functions arise in a natural sense in the course of the develop- ment. Each chapter is provided with a set of problems and an annotated reference list for further reading. Many (if not most) of these problems should be solved using a digital computer. At RPI we are able to provide the students with some fundamental programs (e.g., a load flow, a routine for scheduling of thermal units). The engineering students of today are well prepared to utilize the computer effectively when access to one is provided. Real bulk power systems have problems that usually call forth Dr. Bellmans curse of dimensionality-computers help and are essential to solve practical-sized problems. The authors wish to express their appreciation to K. A. Clements, H. H. Happ, H. M. Merrill, C. K. Pang, M. A. Sager, and J . C. Westcott, who each reviewed portions of this text in draft form and offered suggestions. In addition, Dr. Clements used earlier versions of this text in graduate courses taught at Worcester Polytechnic Institute and in a course for utility engineers taught in Boston, Massachusetts. Much of the material in this text originated from work done by our past and current associates at Power Technologies, Inc., the General Electric Company, and Leeds and Northrup Company. A number of IEEE papers have been used as primary sources and are cited where appropriate. It is not possible to avoid omitting, references and sources that are considered to be significant by one group or another. We make no apology for omissions and only ask for indulgence from those readers whose favorites have been left out. Those interested may easily trace the references back to original sources. BLOG FIEE http://fiee.zoomblog.com