Department of Mechanical Engineering: Experiment No. 12

Republic of the Philippines
Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

Cabanatuan City

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO. 12

Measurement of Length Area and Speed
Measuring Device

Objectives
1. To familiarize ourselves with the different measuring device.
2. To able to determine the area of a given figure using planimeter and by ordinate method.
3. To determine the dimension (height, diameter, etc.) of the given specimen
4. To determine the top speed of a motor shaft using tachometer and speed counter.

Theory and Hypothesis:

Any measurements must involve the comparison of the measured quantity with a known standard unit.
Measurement is a process of obtaining quantitative information about the physical world.

Method for increasing the accuracy of measurement are intimately associated with the growth of technology.

In absolute the measurement the unit may be the official unit for the quantity considered, such as the meter
or the ampere. In relative measurements, a special reference unit is chosen for a given measurements; for
example the brightness of a star is expressed in terms of the brightness of another star.

List of Apparatus:
1. Planimeter
2. Steel Rate
3. Vernier Caliper
4. Inside and Outside Caliper
5. Speed Counter
6. Tachometer
7. Stop watch
8. Specimen

Procedure:
I. Planimeter
1. Calibrate the planimeter by making I inch square then measure the solid area using the
planimeter. Get the reading R and solvefor the reading factore f by the formula
f= AIR
2. Measure the actual area of the given figure by multiplying the reading R with the
reading factor f.
II. Ordinate Method
1. Divide the given figure by equal strips using parallel lines
2. Determine the area by using the formula A=w[0.5 Yo +Y1 +Y2+Y3.+Yn-1 +0.5 Yn]
Where:
W=is the equal of each parallel lines contained within the perimeter of figure.
3. Compare the result with the planimeter method and compute for the difference.

Set-up Apparatus:
Planimeter
Inside Caliper
Outside Caliper
Micrometer
Vernier Caliper
Speed Counter
Tachometer
Steel Tape
Steel Ruler

Final Data Sheet:
I. Planimeter
IR FR R F A

II. Ordinate Method
W N Yo Y1 Y2 Y3 Yn-1 Yn A Diff

III. Speed
Motor Trial Tachometer Speed Coun. Difference

Discussion:
Different methods of measurements can be employed, depending on the measuring instrument and
the conditions of use. Measurement can be generally classified as direct and indirect measurement.

In indirect measurement the sought quantity is found as a result of the direct measurement of one or
more quantities specifically related to the required quantity.

In direct measurement the quantity being measured is obtained directly as an instrument
indication. Direct measurements are mostly used in engineering because they are simpler to perform and
give immediate results. The measurement of the lengths with vernier calipers adnd micrometers, the
measurement of angles with bevel protractor etc are examples of direct measurements.

In order to obtain the area of an irregular figure like indicator diagrams, there are two methods that
generally used; one is by measuring ordinate and another is by means of planimeter. The method of
ordinates is also known as trapezoid, Durand and Simpsons. to find the area by means of any of these
methods, divide the figure into an even distance of obtaining the area of irregular figures is by means of
planimeters. This kind of instrument is based on original Amster polar planimeter-one of the simplest forms
of planimeters. Its consists essentially of two arms Po and To Pivoted together at O. when in use, the point
P is not to be moved and is held in placed by means of plane point upon which a small weight rests. There is
a tracing point at T intended to be moved around the border of the area to be measured. Attached to the
armed to a small graduated wheel W carried on the short axis which must be placed accurately parallel to
its To any movement of the arm To except in the direction of its axis will, of course, move the wheel W on
the paper or other surface on which it is placed on a way that the amount of its movement gives the record
indicating the area, measured. A vernier placed opposite the graduation of the wheel.

Regards to tachometer it is the instrument used for measuring the speed of rotation of shafts and
machine elements. Most tachometers having a rotating part must be connected with the element whose
speed is to be measured with the hand-type. This driving rotation is maintained only long enough to take a
reading while with the types that are mounted on a machine. The instrument is permanently connected to
the rotating part and indicated the speed as long as that part in motion. The hand separated part usually
has a stem provided with vulcanized rubber. Tip of canical form which can be pressed in to the center hole
of the rotating shaft.

Speedometer is simply the tachometer that placed in a driving connection with a road wheel and
graduated in miles per hour, instead of revolution per minute. The design of this tachometer is based on
different principles used in speedometer lend themselves equally well to the design of tachometer.

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Republic of the Philippines

Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

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