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    Classification of Textiles PDF

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    sathish_20102010
    This document provides a classification and overview of textiles. It discusses: 1) The origins of fibers including natural fibers from plants/animals and man-made fibers produced from polymers. 2) Yarn production methods including spinning systems that produce different yarn types. 3) Fabric manufacturing techniques including weaving, knitting, braiding, and non-woven methods. 4) Applications of textiles including domestic, technical, build tech, marine, environmental, and smart textiles.

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    Classification of Textiles PDF

    Uploaded by

    sathish_20102010
    537 views52 pages
    This document provides a classification and overview of textiles. It discusses: 1) The origins of fibers including natural fibers from plants/animals and man-made fibers produced from polymers. 2) Yarn production methods including spinning systems that produce different yarn types. 3) Fabric manufacturing techniques including weaving, knitting, braiding, and non-woven methods. 4) Applications of textiles including domestic, technical, build tech, marine, environmental, and smart textiles.

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    This document provides a classification and overview of textiles. It discusses: 1) The origins of fibers including natural fibers from plants/animals and man-made fibers produced from polymers. 2) Yarn production methods including spinning systems that produce different yarn types. 3) Fabric manufacturing techniques including weaving, knitting, braiding, and non-woven methods. 4) Applications of textiles including domestic, technical, build tech, marine, environmental, and smart textiles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    537 views52 pages

    Classification of Textiles PDF

    Uploaded by

    sathish_20102010
    This document provides a classification and overview of textiles. It discusses: 1) The origins of fibers including natural fibers from plants/animals and man-made fibers produced from polymers. 2) Yarn production methods including spinning systems that produce different yarn types. 3) Fabric manufacturing techniques including weaving, knitting, braiding, and non-woven methods. 4) Applications of textiles including domestic, technical, build tech, marine, environmental, and smart textiles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    At a glance
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    The document discusses different types of fibers, yarns, spinning systems and applications of textiles.

    Natural fibers from plants, animals and minerals as well as man-made fibers are discussed.

    Ring spinning, rotor spinning, air jet spinning and other non-conventional spinning systems are mentioned.

    Classification of Textiles ClassificationofTextiles

    G.Santhana Krishnan
    TrainingDivision
    Th S h I di T il R h TheSouthIndiaTextileResearch
    Association
    Textile Textile
    Textile is a process of converting fiber or Textileisaprocessofconvertingfiberor
    polymerintosheet.
    Earlier it was just full fill the basic needs of Earlieritwasjustfullfillthebasicneedsof
    humanbeing
    T f h Toprotectfromweather
    Thenconvertedinto3dstructures
    Nowitgoesbeyondinclothingscience
    (comfort,vanity,functional) ( , y, )
    Manufacturing
    h
    Application
    technique
    areas
    Typeofraw
    material
    Finishing
    Classification
    ofTextiles
    Finishing
    Origin of Fibre OriginofFibre
    Two origins Twoorigins
    Naturalresources(nonThermo
    ManMadefibers(thermoplastic,thermoset)
    Naturalfiberstherearelimitationinproperties
    andhavingmorevariations
    Manmade fibers produced according to our wish Manmadefibersproducedaccordingtoourwish
    Natural fibers Naturalfibers
    According to the source Accordingtothesource
    Plants(seeds,stem,leaf&seed)
    i l ( i li ) Animal(Hair,saliva)
    Mineral(basalt)
    Natural Fibers and Textiles NaturalFibersandTextiles
    The Bast fiber TheBast fiber

    Animal Fibers AnimalFibers


    Differentstagesin
    thesilkmill:brushing
    (drawingouttheendof ( g
    thethread),extracting,
    Man Made Fiber ManMadeFiber
    Manmade Fibers ManmadeFibers
    1 Regenerated Fibers 1.RegeneratedFibers
    2.Syntheticfibers
    3 i h f fib 3.Highperformancefibers
    Regenerated Fibers RegeneratedFibers
    High Performance Fibers HighPerformanceFibers
    YARNS YARNS
    CONTINUOUS
    FILAMENT
    SPUNSTAPLE
    FLAT FIBRELENGTH
    SPINNING
    METHODS
    YARN
    CONSTRUCTION
    (COMPOUND)
    TEXTURED
    BIOCOMPONENT
    SHORTSTAPLE
    LONG STAPLE
    RINGSPUN
    ROTOR SPUN
    FOLDEDOR
    DOUBLEDYARN
    CABLEDYARN NOVELTYYARNS
    METALLIC YARNS
    BIOCOMPONENT
    FILM(TAPEOR
    SPLIT)
    LONGSTAPLE ROTORSPUN
    TWISTLESS
    FANCYYARNS
    METALLICYARNS
    WRAPSPUN
    CORESPUN
    Different Spinning Systems DifferentSpinningSystems
    Roving
    Siro yarn
    Ring Yarns RingYarns
    Ring Yarns further classified as RingYarnsfurtherclassifiedas
    1.Warpyarn
    d i hl i d f hi h h MoreevenandHighlytwistedforhighstrength
    2.Hosiearnry
    Soft bulkier yarn Less twist Softbulkieryarn,Lesstwist
    Non Conventional Spinning NonConventionalSpinning
    Open End Rotor Spinning OpenEndRotorSpinning
    Rotor
    YarnPackage
    Feed Roll
    Transport
    AirChannel
    FeedRoll
    Sliver
    Condenser
    Sliver
    FeedPlate Trash
    CombingRoll
    Murata Air Jet Spinning MurataAirJetSpinning
    b
    Murata Vortex MurataVortex
    Fancy yarns Fancyyarns
    FabricManufacturing
    Polymers
    Fibers
    Yarns
    Woven Knitted Braided Nonwoven
    Fabrics
    Application
    It eliminates the yarn production process and Iteliminatestheyarnproductionprocessand
    makesthefabricdirectlyfromfibers.
    Manufacturing Technic ManufacturingTechnic
    Woven fabrics Wovenfabrics
    Knittedfabrics
    f b i Nonwovenfabrics
    Braidedstructures
    Production Rate ProductionRate
    F b i d i R f f b i Fabric production
    method
    Rate of fabric
    production
    W i 1 / i Weaving 1 m/min
    Knitting 2 m/min Knitting 2 m/min
    Nonwoven 100 m/min Nonwoven 100 m/min
    Woven Fabric WovenFabric
    Knitted Fabric (weft Knitting) KnittedFabric(weftKnitting)
    Warp Knitting WarpKnitting
    Braided Structures BraidedStructures
    Nonwoven Fabric NonwovenFabric
    Th ll t t f Therearenormallytwostepsfor
    makingnonwovenproducts.
    1 W b f ti 1. Webformation
    2. Bondingsystems
    Parallellaid web from carded fibers Parallel laidwebfromcardedfibers
    Cross Laid Web CrossLaidWeb
    Parellel laid /cross laid web Parellel laid/crosslaidweb
    Card webs are arranged one over another in a Cardwebsarearrangedoneoveranotherina
    parellel manner
    Strength is high in length wise direction than Strengthishighinlengthwisedirectionthan
    crossdirection
    Bymeansofcrosslaper,deliveryofweb
    turnedtorightangle
    Air laid Web AirlaidWeb
    Airlaid web\ wet laid Airlaid web\ wetlaid
    Opened fibers are suspended in air and Openedfibersaresuspendedinairand
    depositedonaperforatedsheetordrum
    Fibersdispersedinwateranddepositedona
    f d f l d d i (P T b perforatedfeltanddrain(Paper,Teabag
    technic)
    Types of Bonding TypesofBonding
    Needledfelts
    Adhesives
    Heatbonding
    Stitchbonding
    Needle Punching NeedlePunching
    Needlepunching
    Crosssectionofaneedlepunchedbonded
    fabric.
    Fibersheldtogetherbyfrictional
    Contact between fibers Contactbetweenfibers
    Adhesive Bonding AdhesiveBonding
    The strength of fabric increased by adding Thestrengthoffabricincreasedbyadding
    adhesive.Wherestrengthisnotenough
    Thermal Adhessive ThermalAdhessive
    Meltbondingatselectedpointstogiveextrastabilitytoaspunbonded
    geotextile
    SpunbondandMeltblownsystems
    Stitch Bonding StitchBonding
    .
    Websmayalsobegivenextrastrengthbystitchingthem
    through with yarns. throughwithyarns.
    Suchstructuresareusuallymoreflexible
    Webs from filament Websfromfilament
    Itispossibletotanglefilamentstogetherto p g g
    formaweb.Suchwebsaremuchstronger
    thanwebmadefromstaplefibres.
    h h l f l ld d Thethermoplasticfilamentsareweldedto
    eachothertoformastrongfabricsuitablefor
    curtains & tablecloths curtains&tablecloths.
    Sometimes,thefilamentsaretexturedbefore
    webformation.Thisallowsgreater g
    extensibilityofthefabricinuse.
    Application of Textiles ApplicationofTextiles
    Domestic applications Domesticapplications
    Shirting
    i f b i Intimatefabrics
    Vanityfabrics
    TechnicalTextiles
    14 groups and 128 applications 14groupsand128applications
    Build tech Buildtech
    GEO synthetics GEOsynthetics
    Geogrids reinforceslopesbeneaththewaste,walls,coversoils
    abovegeomembranes;
    Geonets inplanedrainage;
    Geomembranes abarriertoliquids,gasesand/orvaporsand
    l dfill landfillcaps;
    Geocomposites forseparation,filtrationordrainage;
    Geosynthetic clayliners(GCLs) aninfiltration/hydraulicbarrier;
    used also for mine rehabilitation tunnels secondary containment usedalsoforminerehabilitation,tunnels,secondarycontainment
    Geopipes landfillapplicationstofacilitatecollectionandrapid
    drainageoftheleachate toasumpandremovalsystem;
    Geotextiles filtrationpurposeorascushiontoprotectthe p p p
    geomembrane frompuncture.
    Marine application Marineapplication
    Environmental Care EnvironmentalCare
    Finishing of Fabrics FinishingofFabrics
    Generalsurfacefinishes(mechanicalfinishes, ( ,
    chemicalfinishes)
    FunctionalFinishes
    Mechanical finishes Mechanicalfinishes
    ffffff
    Resistance to sunlight and UV degradation
    Abrasion resistance
    Reducedflammability Reduced flammability
    Soil resistance and easy cleanability
    Resistant to microbes and other bacteria
    Creaseresistance Crease resistance
    Softer handle and touch
    Water proof (water proof & breathable)
    ffffff
    Controlledfragrancerelease
    AntiBacterialfinish
    camouflage
    Nonsensetivity byradors
    RadiationSheilding
    Glow fabrics
    Lotus leaf Effect LotusleafEffect
    Smart Textiles SmartTextiles
    Incorporationof:
    Sensorsandactuators
    d h d MP3,GPS,GSM,Ipod,Iphone Ipad
    Energyharvestingsystems
    Plasticelectronics
    Markets:
    Personalprotectivegarments
    Medicalsystems
    SportsandLeisure
    Niches

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