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    Lord Canning History (1856 - 1862)

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    The document provides information on British viceroys and governors general in India between 1856 and 1947. Some key events mentioned include: - The Indian Mutiny took place during Lord Canning's tenure from 1856-1862. - Lord Mayo was the only viceroy to be assassinated, in 1872. - The Government of India Act of 1935 was an important step towards self-government, establishing provincial autonomy. - World War 2 broke out during Lord Linlithgow's term from 1936-1944, straining India-Britain relations.

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    Lord Canning History (1856 - 1862)

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    premis4u
    156 views7 pages
    The document provides information on British viceroys and governors general in India between 1856 and 1947. Some key events mentioned include: - The Indian Mutiny took place during Lord Canning's tenure from 1856-1862. - Lord Mayo was the only viceroy to be assassinated, in 1872. - The Government of India Act of 1935 was an important step towards self-government, establishing provincial autonomy. - World War 2 broke out during Lord Linlithgow's term from 1936-1944, straining India-Britain relations.

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    The document provides information on British viceroys and governors general in India between 1856 and 1947. Some key events mentioned include: - The Indian Mutiny took place during Lord Canning's tenure from 1856-1862. - Lord Mayo was the only viceroy to be assassinated, in 1872. - The Government of India Act of 1935 was an important step towards self-government, establishing provincial autonomy. - World War 2 broke out during Lord Linlithgow's term from 1936-1944, straining India-Britain relations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    156 views7 pages

    Lord Canning History (1856 - 1862)

    Uploaded by

    premis4u
    The document provides information on British viceroys and governors general in India between 1856 and 1947. Some key events mentioned include: - The Indian Mutiny took place during Lord Canning's tenure from 1856-1862. - Lord Mayo was the only viceroy to be assassinated, in 1872. - The Government of India Act of 1935 was an important step towards self-government, establishing provincial autonomy. - World War 2 broke out during Lord Linlithgow's term from 1936-1944, straining India-Britain relations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Lord Canning History (1856 1862) :

    The last Governor General and the first Viceroy.


    Mutiny took place in his time.
    On November, 1858, the rule passed on to the crown.
    Withdrew Doctrine of Lapse.
    The Universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were established in 1857.
    Indian Councils Act was passed in 1861.

    Lord Elgin (1862 1863)

    He was the first to use Peterhoff, Shimla as the official residence of the Viceroy.
    First viceroy to die in his office...

    Lord Lawrence (1864 1869) :

    Telegraphic communication was opened with Europe.


    High Courts were established at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1865.
    Expanded canal works and railways.
    Created the Indian Forest department.
    Orrisa famine occurred during his time

    Lord Mayo History (1869 1872):

    Started the process of financial decentralization in India.


    Established the Rajkot College at Kathiarwar and Mayo College at Ajmer for the
    Indian princes.
    Organized the Statistical Survey of India.
    Was the only Viceroy to be murdered in office by a Pathan convict Sher ali khan
    in the Andamans in 1872.

    Lord Lytton (1876 1880) :

    Organized the Grand Delhi Durbar in 1877 to decorate Queen Victoria with the
    title of Kaiser I Hind.
    Arms act (1878) made it mandatory for Indians to acquire license for arms.
    Passed the infamous Vernacular Press act (1878).
    it is during his time great indian famine broke out in south india.10.3 million
    people died
    reduced age for civil service

    Lord Ripon (1880 1884) :


    Liberal person, who sympathized with Indians.
    Repeated the Vernacular Press act (1882)
    Passed the local self government act (1882)
    Took steps to improve primary & secondary education (on William Hunter Commissions
    recommendations).
    The I Factory act, 1881, aimed at prohibiting child labour.
    Passed the libert Bill (1883) which enabled Indian district magistrates to try European
    criminals. But this was withdrawn later.
    Lord Dufferin (1884 1888) : Indian National Congress was formed during his tenure.
    bengal tenancy act of 1885 was passed under him
    formed imperial service corps first paramilitary force of the country
    argued indians should participate in local government
    Lord Lansdowne (1888 1894) :
    II Factory act (1891) granted a weekly holiday and stipulated working hours for women
    and children, although it failed to address concerns such as work hours for men.
    Categorization of Civil Services into Imperial, Provincial and Subordinate.
    Indian Council act of 1892 was passed.
    Appointment of Durand Commission to define the line between British India and
    Afghanistan.
    Prince of Wales second visit in 1889.
    Age of Consent Act 1891 which forbade marriage of girls below 12.
    Lord Elgin II (1894 1899) : Great famine of 1896 1897. Lyall Commission was
    appointed.
    bubonic plague outbreak in 1896
    Lord Curzon (1899 1905) :
    Passed the Indian Universities act (1904) in which official control over the Universities
    was increased.
    Partitioned Bengal (October 16, 1905) into two provinces Bengal (proper) & East Bengal
    & Assam.
    Appointed a Police Commission under Sir Andrew Frazer to inquire into the police
    administration of every province.
    The risings of the frontier tribes in 1897 98 led him to create the North Western Frontier
    Province (NWFP).
    Passed the Ancient Monuments Protection act (1904), to restore Indias cultural heritage.
    Thus the Archaeological Survey of India was established.
    Passed the Indian Coinage and Paper Currency act (1899) and put India on a gold
    standard.
    Extended railways to a great extent.

    second Delhi Durbar was held in 1903 to mark the accession to the throne of Edward VII.
    History of Lord Minto (1905 1910) :
    There was great political unrest in India. Various acts were passed to curb the
    revolutionary activities. Extremists like Lala Laipat Rai and Ajit Singh (in May, 1907)
    and Bal Gangadhar Tilak (in July, 1908) were sent to Mandalay jail in Burma.
    The Indian Council act of 1909 or the Morley Minto Reforms was passed.
    nominated two Indians Sir Satyendra Prasanna Sinha or Lord Sinha of Raipur to the
    Secretary of State`s Council to the Governor General`s Executive Council and one to
    each of the Provincial Executive Counscils. An Indian was also made a member of the
    Privy Council.
    Indian Press Act of 1910 laying down heavy fines and penalty of Press for rebellious
    publication was passed
    Lord Hardinge (1910 1916) :
    Held a durbar in December, 1911 to celebrate the coronation of King George V.
    Partition of Bengal was cancelled (1911), capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi (1911).
    A bomb was thrown at him; but he escaped unhurt (December 23, 1912).
    Gandhiji came back to India from South Africa (1915).
    Annie Besant announced the Home Rule Movement
    Gate-way of India was constructed to greet him
    Lord Chelmsford (1916 1921) :
    August Declaration of 1917, whereby control over the Indian government would be
    gradually transferred to the Indian people.
    The government of India act in 1919 (Montague Chelmsford reforms) was passed.
    Rowlatt act of 1919; Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919).
    Non Cooperation Movement.
    An Indian Sir S.P.Sinha was appointed the Governor of Bengal.
    A Womens university was founded at Poona in 1916.
    Saddler Commission was appointed in 1917 to envisage new educational policy.
    Lord Reading (1921 1926) :

    Rowlatt act was repeated along with the Press act of 1910.
    Suppressed non cooperation movement.
    Prince of Wales visited India in November, 1921.
    Moplah rebellion (1921) took place in Kerala.
    Ahmedabad session of 1921.
    Formation of Swaraj Party.
    Vishwabharati University started functioning in 1922.

    Communist part was founded in 1921 by M.N. Roy.


    Kakory Train Robbery on August 9, 1925.
    Communal riots of 1923 25 in Multan, Amritsar, Delhi, etc.
    Swami Shraddhanand, a great nationalist and a leader of the Arya Samajists, was
    murdered in communal orgy.
    Lord Irwin (1926 1931) :
    Simon Commission visited India in 1928.
    Congress passed the Indian Resolution in 1929.
    Dandi March (March 12, 1930).
    Civil Disobedience Movement (1930).
    First Round Table Conference held in England in 1930.
    Gandhi Irwin Pact (March 5, 1931) was signed and Civil Disobedience Movement was
    withdrawn.
    Martydorm of Jatin Das after 64 days hunger strike (1929).
    banned public gathering and forming of political parties
    Lord Willington (1931 1936) :
    Second Round Table conference in London in 1931.
    On his return Gandhiji was again arrested and Civil Disobedience Movement was
    resumed in January, 1932.
    Communal Awards (August 16, 1932) assigned seats to different religious communities.
    Gandhiji went on a epic fast in protest against this division.
    Third Round Table conference in 1932.
    Poona Pact was signed.
    Government of India act (1935) was passed.
    White paper on political reforms in India was published in 1933.
    Burma and Aden were separated from British India
    The Reserve bank of India was established
    Lord Linlithgow (1936 1944) :
    Government of India act enforced in the provinces. Congress ministries formed in 8 out
    of 11 provinces. They remained in power for about 2 years till October 1939, when they
    gave up offices on the issue of India having been dragged into the II World War. The
    Muslim League observed the days as Deliverance Say (22 December)
    Churchill became the British PM in May, 1940. He declared that the Atlantic Charter
    (issued jointly by the UK and US, stating to give sovereign rights to those who have been
    forcibly deprived of them) does not apply to India.
    Outbreak of World War II in 1939.
    Cripps Mission in 1942.
    Quit India Movement (August 8, 1942).
    longest serving vice roy of india

    In 1934 India Government Bill was introduced in the Parliament and on 2nd August 1935
    passed by the British parliament and on 4th August 1935 got royal assent.
    Lord Wavell (1944 1947) :
    Arranged the Shimla Conference on June 25, 1945 with Indian National Congress and
    Muslim League; failed.
    Cabinet Mission Plan (May 16, 1946).
    Elections to the constituent assembly were held and an Interim Government was
    appointed under Nehru
    ...

    Vitamins
    1 Name --- Vitamin A
    Chemical name --- Retinol
    Solubility --- Fat
    Food source --- Cod liver oil, carrots
    Year of discovery --- 1913
    Deficiency disease --- Night-blindness and Keratomalacia
    Overdose disease --- Hypervitaminosis A
    2 Name --- Vitamin B1
    Chemical name --- Thiamine
    Year of discovery --- 1910
    Food source --- Rice bran
    Solubility --- Water
    Deficiency disease --- Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
    Overdose disease --- Drowsiness or muscle relaxation with large doses.
    3 Name --- Vitamin B2
    Chemical name --- Riboflavin
    Year of discovery --- 1920
    Food source --- Meat, eggs
    Solubility --- Water
    Deficiency disease --- Ariboflavinosis
    4 Name --- Vitamin B3
    Chemical name --- Niacin
    Year of discovery --- 1936
    Food source --- Meat, eggs, grains
    Solubility --- Water

    Deficiency disease --- Pellagra


    Overdose disease --- Liver damage (doses > 2g/day) and other problems
    5 Name --- Vitamin B5
    Chemical name --- Pantothenic acid
    Year of discovery --- 1931
    Food source --- Meats, whole grains, in many foods
    Solubility --- Water
    Deficiency disease --- Paresthesia
    Overdose disease --- Diarrhea; possibly nausea and heartburn.
    6 Name --- Vitamin B6
    Chemical name --- Pyridoxine
    Year of discovery --- 1934
    Food source --- Meat, dairy products.
    Solubility --- Water
    Deficiency disease --- Anemia peripheral neuropathy.
    Overdose disease --- Impairment of proprioception, nerve damage (doses > 100 mg/day)
    7 Name --- Vitamin B7
    Chemical name --- Biotin
    Year of discovery --- 1931
    Food source --- Meats, dairy products, eggs
    Solubility --- Water
    Deficiency disease --- Dermatitis, enteritis
    8 Name --- Vitamin B9
    Chemical name --- Folic acid
    Year of discovery --- 1941
    Food source --- Leafy green vegetables
    Solubility --- Water
    Deficiency disease --- Deficiency during pregnancy is associated with birth defects, such
    as neural tube defects
    Overdose disease --- May mask symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency; other effects.
    9 Name --- Vitamin B12
    Chemical name --- Cobalamins
    Year of discovery --- 1926
    Food source --- Liver, eggs, animal products
    Solubility --- Water
    Deficiency disease --- Megaloblastic anemia
    Overdose disease --- No known toxicity
    10 Name --- Vitamin C
    Chemical name --- Ascorbic acid
    Year of discovery --- 1920

    Food source --- Citrus, most fresh foods


    Solubility --- Water
    Deficiency disease --- Scurvy
    Overdose disease --- Vitamin C megadosage
    11 Name --- Vitamin D
    Chemical name --- Calciferol
    Year of discovery --- 1920
    Food source --- Cod liver oil
    Solubility --- Fat
    Deficiency disease --- Rickets and Osteomalacia
    Overdose disease --- Hypervitaminosis D
    12 Name --- Vitamin E
    Chemical name --- Tocopherol
    Year of discovery --- 1922
    Food source --- Wheat germ oil, unrefined vegetable oils
    Solubility --- Fat
    Deficiency disease --- Deficiency is very rare; mild hemolytic anemia in newborn infants.
    Overdose disease --- Increased congestive heart failure seen in one large randomized
    study.
    13 Name --- Vitamin K
    Chemical name --- Phylloquinone/phytol naphthoquinone
    Year of discovery --- 1929
    Food source --- Leafy green vegetables
    Solubility --- Fat
    Deficiency disease --- Bleeding diathesis
    Overdose disease --- Increases coagulation in patients taking warfarin.

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