Matrix Converters

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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585

AENSI Journals

Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences


ISSN:1991-8178

Journal home page: www.ajbasweb.com

Performance Evaluation of Sparse Matrix Converters


1

Natarajan Rajavel, 2Baskaran Balasubramaniyan, 3Irusapparajan Ganapathy

Research Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
3
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mailam Engineering College, Villupuram 604 704, Tamil Nadu, India.
1
2

ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received 2 March 2014
Received in revised form
13 May 2014
Accepted 28 May 2014
Available online 23 June 2014
Keywords:
AC-DC-AC
conversion,
Indirect
Matrix Converter, Space Vector Pulse
Width Modulation, Total Harmonic
Distortion.

ABSTRACT
A matrix converter is used as an alternative ACDC-AC power converter that has
received wide research concentration as an alternative scheme to fixed ACDCAC
converter. To convert the energy from an AC source to an AC load without the need of
bulky and limited-lifetime energy-storage elements matrix converters are preferred.
This paper presents a simulation of different topologies of the indirect matrix converter
under different load conditions driven by space vector PWM technology. The purpose
of proposed work is to evaluate the performance of the different indirect matrix
converter based on voltage and current harmonics generated at the load end. The effect
of harmonics on load voltage and current are analysed using space vector pulse width
modulation scheme. The simulations were carried out for sparse, very sparse and ultrasparse indirect matrix converters for R, RL and motor loads. The performances of
indirect matrix converter output voltage, current and THD are analysed and verified
using Matlab/Simulink.

2014 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved.


To Cite This Article: Natarajan Rajavel, Baskaran Balasubramaniyan, Irusapparajan Ganapathy., Performance Evaluation of Sparse Matrix
Converters. Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci., 8(10): 572-585, 2014

INTRODUCTION
In recent researches for direct frequency conversion technique focus is made on using a matrix converter
(MC). The main reason for the interest in MCs is that it provides a compact solution for a four quadrant
frequency converter producing sinusoidal input and output currents without passive components in dc link. The
absence of dc link also has its disadvantages: input and output disturbances are not filtered and additional
commutation strategies are needed to avoid a short circuiting of the supply voltage or open circuiting of the load
current path (P. W. Wheeler, 2002). The IMC offers the same benefits and disadvantages as the DMC, but it
also provides an option to reduce the number of switches of the line bridge to three if no bidirectional power
flow is needed (J. W. Kolar, 2007 and L. Wei, 2002). Safe commutation and semiconductor devices produce
voltage variation in converter output voltage. In sensor fewer motor drives this is a disadvantage especially in
the low speed region and needs to be compensated (A. R. Munioz, 1999, J. Holtz, 2002 and K. B. Lee, 2004).
To develop suitable compensation methods the construction and effectiveness of the used converter have to be
known.
The nonlinear models of voltage source inverters have been widely studied, e.g. in (A. R. Munioz, 1999, J.
Holtz, 2002) and some study has also been done on a direct matrix converter in (K. B. Lee, 2004), but so far no
model has been presented for indirect matrix converter. This paper presents the voltage transfer characteristics
analysis of the IMC in space-vector form. The analysis is also confirmed in measurements and simulations.
Figure.1 shows the schematic representation of AC/AC converter. Researches on the indirect matrix converter
has mainly focused on modulation schemes and the digital generation of the PWM switching patterns (P. W.
Wheeler, 2002, L. Helle, 2004 and C. Klumpner, 2006). The derivation of alternative topologies that exhibit
identical functionality but utilize a reduced number of unipolar turnoff power semiconductors has not received
much attention. The proposed scheme focuses on switching technology for different structures of the indirect
matrix converter.

Corresponding Author: Natarajan Rajavel, Research Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Annamalai
University, Annamalai nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
Phone: +91-9944581444, E-mail: [email protected].

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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585

AC/AC Converter

Converter
with DC link

AC/DC
DC/AC
converter
with
voltage
DC link

Hybrid Matrix
Converter (HMC)

AC/DC
DC/AC
converter
with
current
DC link

Hybrid
Direct
MC

Matrix Converter

Indirect
Matrix Converter
(IMC)

Direct
Matrix Converter
(DMC)

Hybrid
Indirect
MC

Conventional
Matrix
Converter

Full bridge
Matrix
Converter

AC/DC
DC/AC
converter
without
DC link
capacitor

Sparse Matrix
Converter
Sparse
Very Sparse
Ultra Sparse

Three level
Matrix
Converter

Fig. 1: schematic representation of AC/AC converter

THREE PHASE GRID

Indirect Matrix Converter:


The indirect matrix converter (IMC) has received considerable attention as it provides a good alternative to
double-sided PWM voltage source rectifier-inverter having the advantage of being a two stage converter with
six bidirectional switches and six unidirectional switches for three phase to three phase conversion and inherent
bidirectional power flow, sinusoidal input/output waveforms with modulate switching frequency, the possibility
of compact design due to the absence of dc-link reactive components and controllable input power factor
independent of output load current. The main disadvantages of the matrix converter are the inherent restriction
of the voltage transfer ratio (0.866), more complex control and protection strategy.
The direct AC-DC-AC matrix converter topology has a trouble less structure and it includes several
attractive features; but the complexity of its conventional PWM control strategy and the commutation problem
prevent it from being used in industry. An alternative approach to overcome these failures is proposed (L. Wei,
2001, C.Klumpner, 2001 and J. Youm, 1999). It is a two -stage converter topology known as an indirect matrix
converter. This topology is similar to the conventional inverter -based converter topology without any reactive
DC-link energy storage components for the intermediate imaginary DC -link bus. A block diagram of the
indirect matrix converter topology is shown in Figure.2.
DC - Link

AC

DC

Motor
DC

AC
Three Phase
output

Fig. 2: Indirect matrix converter topology block diagram feeding to an AC -Load


All the desired features of the direct matrix converter topology, such as sinusoidal input current and
sinusoidal output voltage, four -quadrant operation, unity power factor, elimination of DC-storage elements are
achieved by this indirect matrix converter topology. In addition, this topology simplifies the complexity of the
conventional PWM control strategy, and overcomes the commutation problems of the previous topology.
A. Sparse Matrix Converter:
This Sparse Matrix Converter topology consists 15 transistors and 18 diodes. It will produce the identical
functionality when compared with direct matrix converter, with a reduced number of power switches. To
provide a lower control complexity, higher safety and reliability it employs an improved Zero DC-link current
commutation in this scheme. Figure.3 shows the circuit diagram of Sparse Matrix Converter.

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Natarajan Rajavel et al, 2014


Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585
i

a
A

b
B
u

Fig. 3: Sparse Matrix Converter


B. Very Sparse Matrix Converter:
The Characteristics of Very Sparse Matrix Converter topology includes 12 Transistors and 30 Diodes.
There is no limitation in functionality compared with the Direct Matrix Converter and Sparse Matrix Converter.
When compared to the Sparse Matrix Converter it uses a reduced number of transistors but increases the
conduction losses due to more diodes in the conduction paths. Figure.4 shows the circuit diagram of Very
Sparse Matrix Converter.
i

A
B
C

Fig. 4: Very Sparse Matrix Converter


C. Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter:
Figure.5 shows the circuit diagram of Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter. The Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter
topologies consists of 9 Transistors, 18 Diodes. The main aim of this converter is to reduce the number of
components. The significant limitation of this converter compared with the Sparse Matrix Converter is the
constraint of its maximum phase displacement between the input voltage and the input current which is
restricted up to 30.
i

a
u
b

A
B
C

Fig. 5: Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter


Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation:
PWM strategies are applied to generate acceptable input and output waveforms. Different switching
strategies yield distinctive performances, which may be applied in industry. Several switching modulations are
available for matrix converters. In this paper, space vector modulation (SVM) is chosen to satisfy the objectives
of the design. It is very critical to analyze each of these features in order to match industry demand. SVM
switching pattern brings higher dynamic performance and variable modulation index m a to the converter.
Space Vector Modulation (SVM) is one of the vector approaches to PWM technique for three phase
inverters. It is the most advanced technique to generate AC signal which produces a high voltage to the motor

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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585

load with lower total harmonic distortion. In this Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) method, the reference signal is
sampled regularly. After sampling each signal the non-zero active switching vectors are adjacent to the
reference vector. For variable frequency drive application this is the best technique to implement and provides
better results. This is an advanced; computation intensive PWM method. Every switching state can be
represented as a vector in the converters - Space vector plane. The three phase currents can be transformed
into two phase currents in - Plane as represented below. Figure.6 show the space vector pulse generation of
proposed Indirect Matrix Converter (IMC).

1 1

i ( t ) 2 1 2
2

i (t )
3 3
3 0
2
2

i a ( t )
i ( t )
b
i c ( t )

(1)

S1

2
1
0
-1

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.02

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.02

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.02

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.02

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.02

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.02

S2

2
1
0
-1

S3

2
1
0
-1

S4

2
1
0
-1

S5

2
1
0
-1

S6

2
1
0
-1

Time in sec

Fig. 6: Space vector pulse generation of proposed IMC

Vinabc, V
a abc, V a
V
0
in
0

500

0
-500

Vinabc, V0a

5000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.02

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.02

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.02

-500

48000
480
-500

VDCV

DC

(a)

500

430 0

0.002

430

480

380

VDC

0
380
430
0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.02

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.02

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.02

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

Time0.01
in sec

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.02

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.02

1.5

(b)

1.5

380

11

0.002

0.018

0.02

S1
S1
S1

1.5

0.5
0.5

0.5

-0.5

-0.500
0
-0.5

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

Time0.01in sec
Time in sec

(c)
Fig. 7: Indirect matrix converter responses for space vector switching state S 1
Figure.7.a shows the three phase 50Hz input voltage (dotted lines) and phase A output voltage, Figure.7.b
shows the average phase voltage of Indirect Matrix Converter (IMC) for a modulation index of 0.9. Average
input DC link input voltage can be controlled by varying the source side bidirectional switches. From Figure.7.b

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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585

also describes that the instantaneous dc link voltage doesnt reach zero. Figure.7.c shows the switching state of
S1 of Indirect Matrix Converter.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Performance evaluation of different topologies of Indirect Matrix converter (Sparse, Very Sparse & Ultra
Sparse) with different Load Conditions (R, RL and Motor) using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation
(SVPWM) is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink. Switching pulses for the proposed converter is generated
using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). All the topologies/structures of IMC are assigned to be
having the parameters of ma=0.9, fs=50 Hz, fc=10 kHz on source side end and for load side end having ma = 0.8
frequency =150 Hz and fc=2 kHz. Parameters of different loads used to evaluate the performance of IMC
structures are tabulated in Appendix. Figures.8-55 show the simulated response of the indirect matrix converters
such as Sparse, very sparse and ultra-sparse performance evaluations for various loads.
A. Simulated results of Sparse Matrix converter for R load with ma=0.8:
400

Source Side V a

Source Side V abc

400
200
0
-200
-400

0
-200
-400

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

400

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0
-200
-400
0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.04

0.05

0.06

Time in sec

Fig. 9: Voltage response of Source and load


for phase A.

x 10

Source Side I a

Source Side I abc

0.03

0
-1

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0
-1

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0
-0.2

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

Time in sec

Fig. 10: Current response of Source and load


for three phase system

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0
-0.2
-0.4

x 10

-2

0.06

Load Side Ia

Load Side Iabc

0.06

-200

0.06

Fig. 8: Voltage response of Source and load for


three phase system

-0.4

0.05

200

Time in sec

-2

0.04

-400
0

0.03

400

200

Load Side Va

Load Side Vabc

200

Time in sec

Fig. 11: Current response of Source and load


for phase A

Figures.8-11 shows the simulated waveforms for sparse matrix converter for R load with modulation index
0.8. Figures.8 and 10 shows the voltage, current and load responses of sparse matrix converter for three phase,
Figures. 9 and 11 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A respectively.

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Natarajan Rajavel et al, 2014


Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585

B. Simulated results of Sparse Matrix converter for RL load with ma=0.8:


400

Source Side V a

Source Side V abc

400
200
0
-200
-400

0
-200
-400

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

400

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

400

Load Side Va

Load Side Vabc

200

200
0
-200
-400

200
0
-200
-400

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

Time in sec

Time in sec

Fig. 13: Voltage response of Source and load


for phase A

Fig. 12: Voltage response of Source and load


for three phase system
5

x 10

1
0
-1
-2

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0
-1

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0
-0.2
-0.4

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0
-0.2
-0.4

0.06

x 10

-2

0.06

Load Side Ia

Load Side Iabc

Source Side I a

Source Side I abc

Time in sec

Time in sec

Fig. 15: Current response of Source and


load for phase A

Fig. 14: Current response of Source and load


for three phase system

Figures.12-15 shows the simulated waveforms for sparse matrix converter for RL load with modulation
index 0.8. Figures.12 and 14 shows the voltage, current and load responses of sparse matrix converter for three
phase, Figures. 13 and 15 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A respectively.
C. Simulated results of Sparse Matrix converter for Motor load with ma = 0.8:
400

Source Side V a

Source Side V abc

400
200
0
-200
-400

0
-200
-400

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

400

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

400

Load Side Va

Load Side Vabc

200

200
0
-200
-400

200
0
-200
-400

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

Time in sec

Fig. 16: Voltage response of Source and load


for three phase system

0.06

Time in sec

Fig. 17: Voltage response of Source and load


for phase A

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Natarajan Rajavel et al, 2014


Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585
5

x 10

Source Side I a

Source Side I abc

2
1
0
-1

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

1
0
-1
-2

0.06

40

40

20

20

Load Side Ia

Load Side Iabc

-2

0
-20
-40

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

x 10

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

-40

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

Fig. 19: Current response of Source and


load for phase A
600

Speed in rad/sec

Stator Voltage (V d )

0.06

Time in sec

400
200
0
-200

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

400

200

0.06

20

Torque in N-m

Stator Current (I d )

0.05

Fig. 18: Current response of Source and load


for three phase system

10
0
-10
-20

0.04

-20

Time in sec

-400

0.03

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

-5

0.06

Time in sec

Fig. 20: Stator Voltage and current response


of sparse matrix converter

Time in sec

Fig. 21: Speed and Torque characteristics


of sparse matrix converter

Figures.16-21 shows the simulated waveforms for sparse matrix converter for Motor load with modulation
index 0.8. Figures.16 and 18 shows the voltage, current and load responses of sparse matrix converter for three
phase, Figures. 17 and 19 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A only, Figs.20 and 21 shows
the response of stator voltage, current, speed and torque characteristics.
D. Simulated results of Very Sparse Matrix converter for R load with ma = 0.8:

Source Side V a

400
200
0
-200
-400
0

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

Load Side Va

400
200
0
-200
-400

Time in sec

Fig. 22: Voltage response of Source and load for


three phase system

Fig. 23: Voltage response of Source and load


for phase A

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Natarajan Rajavel et al, 2014


Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585
5

1
0
-1
-2

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0
-1

0.06

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0
-0.2
-0.4

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.06

Time in sec

Time in sec

Fig. 24: Current response of Source and load


for three phase system

0.03

-0.2
-0.4

x 10

-2

Load Side Ia

Load Side Iabc

x 10

Source Side I a

Source Side I abc

Fig. 25: Current response of Source and


load for phase A

Figures.22-25 shows the simulated waveforms for very sparse matrix converter for R load with modulation
index 0.8. Figures.22 and 24 shows the voltage, current and load responses of sparse matrix converter for three
phase, Figures.23 and 25 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A respectively.
E. Simulated results of Very Sparse Matrix converter for RL load with ma = 0.8:
400
Source Side V a

Source Side V abc

400
200
0
-200
-400

200
0
-200
-400

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

200
0
-200

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.04

0.05

0.06

Time in sec

Fig. 27: Voltage response of Source and load


for phase A

x 10

Source Side I a

1
0
-1

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0
-1

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0
-0.2

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

Time in sec

Fig. 28: Current response of Source and load


for three phase system

0.06

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0
-0.2
-0.4

x 10

-2

0.06

Load Side Ia

Source Side I abc

0.03

Load Side Iabc

0.06

-200

0.06

Fig. 26: Voltage response of Source and load


for three phase system

-0.4

0.05

200

Time in sec

-2

0.04

-400

-400

0.03

400
Load Side Va

Load Side Vabc

400

Time in sec

Fig. 29: Current response of Source and


load for phase A

Figures.26-29 shows the simulated waveforms for very sparse matrix converter for RL load with
modulation index 0.8. Figures.26 and 28 shows the voltage, current and load responses of sparse matrix
converter for three phase, Figures.27 and 29 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A
respectively.

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Natarajan Rajavel et al, 2014


Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585

F. Simulated results of Very Sparse Matrix converter for Motor load with ma = 0.8:
400

Source Side V a

Source Side V abc

400
200
0
-200

200
0
-200
-400

-400
0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

400

Load Side Va

400

Load Side Vabc

200
0
-200

200
0
-200
-400

-400
0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

Time in sec

Time in sec

Fig. 30: Voltage response of Source and load


for three phase system

Fig. 31: Voltage response of Source and load


for phase A

x 10

Source Side I a

Source Side I abc

0
-1
-2

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0
-20

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0
-20
-40

0.06

Time in sec

Time in sec

Fig. 32: Current response of Source and load


for three phase system

Fig. 33: Current response of Source and


load for phase A

400

600

Speed in rad/sec

Stator Voltage (V d)

20

Load Side Ia

Load Side Iabc

0
-1

40

20

-40

-2

40

x 10

200
0
-200
-400

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

400
200
0
-200

0
-10
-20

10

Torque in N-m

Stator Current (I d )

20

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

Time in sec

-5

Time in sec

Fig. 34: Stator voltage and current response


of Very sparse matrix converter

Fig. 35: Speed and Torque characteristics


of Very sparse matrix converter

Figures.30-35 shows the simulated waveforms for very sparse matrix converter for Motor load with
modulation index 0.8. Figures.30 and 32 shows the voltage, current and load responses of sparse matrix
converter for three phase, Figures.31 and 33 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A only,
Figures.34 and 35 shows the response of stator voltage, current, speed and torque characteristics.
G. Simulated results of Ultra Sparse Matrix converter for R load with ma = 0.8:

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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585

400

Source Side V a

Source Side V abc

400
200
0
-200

200
0
-200

-400

-400
0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

400

200

Load Side Va

Load Side Vabc

400

0
-200

200
0
-200

-400
0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

-400

0.06

Time in sec

Time in sec

Fig. 36: Voltage response of Source and


load for three phase system

Fig. 37: Voltage response of Source and


load for phase A

5
5

Source Side I a

1
0
-1
-2

Load Side Iabc

x 10

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0
-1

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0
-0.2
-0.4

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0
-0.2
-0.4

0.06

x 10

-2

0.06

Load Side Ia

Source Side I abc

Time in sec

Time in sec

Fig. 38: Current response of Source and


load for three phase system

Fig. 39: Current response of Source and


load for phase A

Figures.36-39 shows the simulated waveforms for ultra-sparse matrix converter for R load with modulation
index 0.8. Figures.36 and 38 shows the voltage, current and load responses of sparse matrix converter for three
phase, Figures.37 and 39 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A respectively.
H. Simulated results of Ultra Sparse Matrix converter for RL load with ma = 0.8:
400

Source Side V a

Source Side V abc

400
200
0
-200
-400

0
-200
-400

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

400

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

400

Load Side Va

Load Side Vabc

200

200
0
-200
-400

200
0
-200
-400

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

Time in sec

Fig. 40: Voltage response of Source and


load for three phase system

0.06

Time in sec

Fig. 41: Voltage response of Source and


load for phase A

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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585

Source Side I abc

Source Side I a

1
0
-1
-2

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0
-1
-2

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0
-0.2
-0.4

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0
-0.2
-0.4

0.06

x 10

0.06

Load Side Ia

Load Side Iabc

x 10

Time in sec

Time in sec

Fig. 42: Current response of Source and


load for three phase system

Fig. 43: Current response of Source and


load for phase A

Figures.40-43 shows the simulated waveforms for ultra-sparse matrix converter for RL load with
modulation index 0.8. Figures.40 and 42 shows the voltage, current and load responses of sparse matrix
converter for three phase, Figures.41 and 43 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A
respectively.
I.

Simulated results of Ultra Sparse Matrix converter for Motor load with ma = 0.8:
500

Source Side V a

Source Side V abc

500

-500
3

3.01

3.02

3.03

3.04

3.05

-500
3

3.06

3.02

3.01

3.02

Load Side Va

3.01

3.02

3.03

3.04

3.05

3.06

Fig. 44: Voltage response of Source and load


for three phase system

3.06

3.03

3.04

3.05

3.06

Fig. 45: Voltage response of Source and load


for phase A

x 10

Source Side I a

Source Side I abc

3.05

Time in sec

Time in sec

1
0
-1
-2
3

3.01

3.02

3.03

3.04

3.05

1
0
-1

3.01

3.02

3.01

3.02

3.03

3.04

3.05

3.06

3.03

3.04

3.05

3.06

10

Load Side Ia

5
0
-5
-10
3

x 10

-2
3

3.06

10

Load Side Iabc

3.04

-500
3

-500
3

3.03

500

500

Load Side Vabc

3.01

3.01

3.02

3.03

3.04

3.05

Time in sec

Fig. 46: Current response of Source and load


for three phase system

3.06

5
0
-5
-10
3

Time in sec

Fig. 47: Current response of Source and load


for phase A

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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585

600

Speed in rad/sec

Stator Voltage (V d )

500

-500

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

400
200
0
-200

0.06

20
0
-20
-40

10

Torque in N-m

Stator Current (I d )

40

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

-5

0.06

Time in sec

Time in sec

Fig. 48: Stator voltage and current response


of Ultra
sparse matrix converter
Selected signal: 1200 cycles. FFT window (in red): 10 cycles

Fig. 49: Speed and Torque characteristics of


Ultra sparse matrix converter

Figures.44-49
shows the simulated waveforms for ultra-sparse matrix converter for Motor load with
200
modulation
index
0.8.
Figures.44 and 46 shows the voltage, current and load responses of sparse matrix
0
converter for three phase, Figures.45 and 47 shows the voltage, current and load responses for phase A only,
-200
Figures.48
and 49 shows the response of stator voltage, current, speed and torque characteristics.
0

J.

FFT analysis of Sparse,Time


Very
(s) Sparse and Ultra Sparse matrix converter for Motor load with ma = 0.8:
Fundamental (150Hz) = 5.192 , THD= 4.31%
Mag (% of Fundamental)

Mag (% of Fundamental)

Fundamental (150Hz) = 296.6 , THD= 22.13%


10
8
6
4

2
200
0
0

Selected signal: 30 cycles. FFT window (in red): 10 cycles

4
6
Harmonic order

-200

10

5
4
3
2

Selected signal: 30 cycles. FFT window (in red): 10 cycles

20
1
10
0
0 0
-10

Fig. 50:
of sparse 0.2
0 Voltage
0.05 harmonic
0.1 analysis0.15
matrix converter Time (s)

Mag (% of Fundamental)

Mag (% of Fundamental)

6
8
Harmonic order

10

10

Fundamental (150Hz) = 14.2 , THD= 3.11%

10

4
6
Harmonic order

Fig.
51: Current
harmonic
analysis
of 0.2
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
sparse matrix converter
Time (s)

Fundamental (150Hz) = 302.9 , THD= 20.48%


15

12

Fig. 52: Voltage harmonic analysis of very


sparse matrix converter

8
6
4
2
0

6
8
Harmonic order

10

12

Fig. 53: Current harmonic analysis of very


sparse matrix converter

Figures.50-55 shows the FFT analysis of Sparse, Very Sparse and Ultra Sparse matrix converter for Motor
load with ma = 0.8 respectively. From the results Total Harmonic Distortion (THD in %) is considered to
evaluate the performance of different topologies of Matrix converter for Different Loads, which is calculated
using FFT analysis, shown in Table I.

584

2000

20

-2000
0

Natarajan Rajavel-20et al, 2014


2 Australian
3
4 Journal
5 of 6Basic and
7 Applied
8
0
1 2014,
2 Pages:
3 572-585
4
5
Sciences, 8(10)
July
Time (s)
Time (s)

10

4
6
Harmonic order

10

Fig. 54: Voltage harmonic analysis of ultrasparse matrix converter

RL LOAD
MOTOR LOAD

60

40

20

4
6
Harmonic order

10

Fig. 55: Current harmonic analysis of ultrasparse matrix converter

Table 1: FFT analysis of indirect sparse matrix converter for various types of loads
SMC
VSMC
Modulation
Voltage
Current
Voltage
Current
Index (ma) 0.8
Harmonics
Harmonics
Harmonics
Harmonics
R LOAD

Fundamental (150Hz) = 3.308 , THD= 16.46%


Mag (% of Fundamental)

Mag (% of Fundamental)

Fundamental (150Hz) = 277.6 , THD= 27.13%

USMC
Voltage
Harmonics

Current
Harmonics

25.14

26.08

25.02

24.31

26.75

25.48

24.03

21.74

22.84

22.88

26.12

24.03

22.13

4.31

20.48

3.11

27.13

16.46

Conclusion:
From Table. I, concluded that current harmonics will be having significant change while considering
voltage harmonics of the system as for different load as well as different topologies. It is also clear that Sparse
and Very Sparse, both matrix converter having a similar performance, and ultra-sparse matrix converter will be
having a poor performance when comparing with other topologies with same modulation index. Since Very
Sparse have minimum requirement of switches when compared with sparse matrix converter we can conclude
that Very sparse matrix converters superiority over sparse matrix converter with reduction in requirement of
switches and for ultra-sparse matrix converter have improved performance when comparing especially motor
load. For further research we may improve ultra-sparse matrix converter to achieve improved performance over
other type of matrix converter with having advantage of reduction in switching requirement. Selective harmonic
Elimination is one such technique which is requires greater attention may help to improve the performance of
ultra-sparse matrix converter
LOAD:
R= 1k, RL = 1k, 10mH and
Motor load =5.4 HP (4KW), 400V, 50Hz, 1430 RPM, Squirrel Cage
Stator Resistance 1.405
Stator Inductance - 5.839 mH
Rotor Resistance 1.395
Rotor Inductance - 5.839 mH
Mutual Inductance 172.2 mH
Inertia J 0.0131 Kg/m2
No of Poles 2
SVPWM:
Carrier Frequency- 2 kHz
Ref Frequency 150 Hz
Modulation Index 0.8
REFERENCES
Helle, L., K.B. Larsen, A.H. Jorgensen, S. Munk-Nielsen and F.Blaabjerg, 2004. Evaluation of modulation
schemes for three-phase to three-phase matrix converters, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 51(1):
158-171.

585

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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(10) July 2014, Pages: 572-585

Holtz, J. and J. Quan, 2002. Sensor less vector control of induction motors at very low speed using a
nonlinear inverter model and parameter identification, IEEE Transactions Industrial Applications, 38: 1087 1095.
Klumpner, C., F. Blaabjerg and P. and Nielsen, 2001. Speeding-up the Maturation Process of the Matrix
Converter Technology, Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference, 2001, IPESC,
2: 1083 -1088.
Klumpner, C., F. Blaabjerg, I. Boldea and P. Nielsen, 2006. New modulation method for matrix
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Munioz, A.R. and T.A. Lipo, 1999. On-line dead-time compensation technique for open-loop PWM-VSI
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Wei, L. and T.A. and Lipo, 2001. A novel Matrix Converter Topology with Simple Commutation, Record
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