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CitySp
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6165-022 DECEMBER 2011

Technician Diploma in Construction
Drawing and surveying techniques 2 - principles
You should have the
following for this examination
. a multiple-choice answer sheet
. a pen with black or blue ink
. a non-programmable calculator

Tuesday
6 December 2011
09:30 - 11:30

This question paper is the property of the City and Guilds of London
lnstitute and is to be returned after the examination.

following notes before you answer any questions

. You must use a pen with black or blue ink to complete al! parts of the answer sheet.
. Check that you have the correct answer sheet for the examination.
. Check that your name and candidate details are printed correctly at the top of your answer

Read the

.
.
.

sheet.

lnform the invigilator if your name or examination details are not correct.
Each question shows four possible answers (lettered 'd','b', 'c'and'd'); only one is correct.
Decide which one is correct and mark your answer on the answer sheet with your pen.
For example if you decide 'a' is correct, mark your answer like this

o@o@
t-c*."t

lfc**t ltc"*t )l-c-*r

lf you want to change your answer, cancel your first choice by filling in the 'cancel'

box below the circle like this

o@o@
I

(c*""t ) { c**' I fc*'".'

Then mark the answer which you have now decided is correct. For example if you
now decide 'c' is correct, mark your answer like this

o@o@
lfEi;n

Itc",""rltc**r

Any other marks on the form may invalidate some of your answers.

. Any calculations or rough working can be done on the question paper.

. Attempt all questions. lf you find a question difficult, leave it and return to it later.
This paper contains 60 questions. Answer them using the 'boxes' numbered
1 to 60 on the answer sheet.

The City and Guilds of London lnstitute 201

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1,11,2247

Which one of the following statements

correctly describes the size of A3 paper?

Which type of material would best be used

as an overlay?

a
b
c
d

a
b
c
d

Half the size of A2 PaPer.

Twice the size of A2 PaPer.
Smaller than A4 PaPer.
Larger than A1 Paper.

Cartridge paper.
Detail paper.
Tracing paper.
Photocopying Paper.

A line is best bisected bY using

Which one of the following is not a method

of reproducing architectural drawings?

a
b
c
d

a
b

a pair of dividers
an adjustable set square
a pair of comPasses
a protractor.

Dye line.
Photocopy.
Lithograph.
Tracing.

c
d

Which one of the following items of drawing

equipment is best used to set out various
angles?

When producing drawings bY CAD the

operator should use

a
b
c
d

Polaroid glasses
a polarised screen
a flat screen
a fly screen.

Which one of the following

symbols/hatching is used for brickwork?

"m"m
,T,T

Which one of the following diagrams shows

a suspended timber floor on oversite
concrete?

-. 'o

Which one of the following describes a

classification of the hardness of a pencil?
a

28,

2C.

2D.

2E,

L71-2247

a'a

10

Which one of the following diagrams shows

the symbol/hatching for hardcore?

15

A break line is indicated as

Which one of the following symbols shows a

fan?

.@-

fr

'H

ok16

Which one of the following symbols is used

to show a water closet?

L7L2247

1
1
1
1

:10.
:50.
:100.
:500.

lsometric.
Axonometric.
Orthographic.
Perspective.

) ,,*,t
\tantion

Which one of the following scales would

best be used for a construction detail?

a
b
c
d

Which one of the following projection

methods would best be used for working
drawings?

a
b
c
d

U
13

Broken line : Section line.

Section line : Main line.
Grid line : Branch line.
Front'age line : Broken line.

.AA

_E

12

Which one of the following pairs of lines are

used in architectural drawings?

a
b
c
d

"T
11

14

Figure
17

Refer to Figure 1. Which one of the

following views shows the plan view of the
object drawn?

atffiH
See next page

18

Which one of the following views shows a

vertical section of a house?

22

The details for a steel spiral staircase would

best be indicated by

a
b
c
d
23

Which one of the following indicates the

position through which allthe perspective
projection lines pass?

a
b
c
d
24

c
d
25
.ELEVATION

Figure 2
19

MhHffi
20

enable a builder to price a building

give information to the client
indicate to the workmen the speed at
which to build
enable a builder to construct a building.

Which one of the following would best be

used to indicate the site and its
surroundings?

a
b
c
d

A site plan.
A detailed sketch.
A location plan.
An architect's instruction.

L7L2247

27

Coloured images.
Wealth of detail.
Ease of alteration.
Variable viewpoints.

Which one of the following statements best

describes the use of sciagraPhY on
drawings?

a
b
c
d

The main purpose of a Presentation

drawing is to

a
b
c

21

26

Ease of correction and individuality.

Speed of drawing and standard
detailing.
3D capability and no printing required'
Colourful images and sound effects.

Which one of the following is the main

benefit of using CAD (computer-aided
design) in the production of perspectives?

a
b
c
d

Which one of the following views shows the

front elevation of the object in Figure 2?

Station point.
Objective.
Vanishing point.
Ground line.

Which one of the following statements best

describes the advantages of using CAD in
the production of drawings?

a
b

LEFT SIT]E

working drawings
specialist drawings
final design drawings
persPectivedrawings.

Shadows
Shadows
Shadows
Shadows

and trees.
and shading.
and peoPle.
and vehicles.

Which one of the following is not an

enhancement to a drawing?

a
b
c
d

Added
Added
Added
Added

realism.
detail.
shadows.
cost.

28

Which of the following would best be used

to give an impression of realism to a
drawing?

a
b
c
d
29

Landscaping and linear scale line.

Surround detail and landscaping.
Linear scale line and dimensions.
Surround detail and dimensions.

Which one of the following is specifically

used with computer-aided design software
packages?

Not to scale
Figure 3

a
b
c
d
30

31

32

Which one of the following is a piece of

computer software?

a
b
c
d

Monitor.
Mouse.
Printer.
TableUdigitiser.

a
b
c
d

VDU monitor.
Autocad.
Mouse.
Printer.

33

Which one of the following would provide an

independent check for observations and
measurements?

a
c
d

Figure 3 shows a triangle ABC, with side

length AC and measured angles at A and B.
Using the Sine Rule principle, it can be
shown by inspection only, that the side
length AB equals

206.40
224.25
235.82
264.16

m
m
m
m.

ln fixing the position of the corner from a

survey line, which one of the following

indicates the least accurate method?

. \)'l-::

Open traverse with angles and

distances measured.
Closed traverse with angles and
distances measured.
Triangulation with two angles
measured.
Trilateration with two distances
measured.

SURI'EY LINE

TWO MEASUREMENTS

,t:.1**

THREE }.IEASUREMENTS

CORI{ER OF

SURVEY LINE

T}NEE IIEASUREMET{IS

34

The angle of slope from X to Y is incorrectly

booked as +7o 30' instead of +4" 30'. As a
result, the measured slope distance XY has
been incorrectly reduced to a horizontal
distance of 120.24 m. What should be the
correct horizontal distance?
a
b

c
d

L'7L2241

ONE MEASUREMENT, ONE A.IGL

120.03
120.61
120.91
121.28

m.
m.
m.
m.

See next page

35

Which one of the following is an example of

a cumulative error when observing
horizontal angles?

a
b
c
d
36

When collimation error in a levelling

instrument is suspected, it is recommended
that

a
b

Target not set up vertically.

Collimation error in the instrument.
lncorrect focussing of the target.
lncorrect reading of the horizontal
circle.

c
d

Cumulative errors in surveying are more

serious than compensating errors because

a
b
c
d
37

40

compensating errors can be located

more easily
they are caused by human error rather
than by instrumental error
they are caused by instrumental error
rather than by human error
they can build up into large errors.

b
c
d

foresight readings are

foresight distances are

I+ORIZOffTAL LIHE

SIGIIT

Figure 4
rely on reflectors in order to measure
angles and distances on site
do not rely on reflectors in order to
measure angles and distances on site
are usually lighter to carry around on
site
are cheaper, faster and more accurate
than traditional instruments.

41

Figure 4 shows a levelling situation over

long sights in which errors due to curvature
(C) and refraction (r)will occur. The
necessary corrections to be applied will be
a
b

c
How would the stadia distances between
survey points be determined?

a
b
c
d
39

are specially selected

is set up as low as

Total stations are increasingly preferred to

ordinary theodolites because they

38

change points
the instrument
possible
backsight and
added up
backsight and
equalised.

42
By pressing a horizontalcomponent
button on an electronic theodolite.
By observing the difference between
lower and upper hairs and multiplying
by 100.
Using trigonometry to calculate the
distance from final adjusted coordinates.
Applying field geometry to allow for
obstructions or sloping ground.

The 'Rise and Fall' method of reducing

levels is often preferred to the 'Height of
Collimation' method because it

a
b
c
d

is quicker
automatically adjusts any closing error
checks intermediate sight calculations
as well as backsight and foresight
calculations
is not necessary to add up backsight
and foresight columns after the levelling
has been completed.

17A2247

+C-r
-C+r

+C+r

-C-r.

A level circuit involving five change points

reveals a gross error of 0.62 m. Which one
of the following is the most likely reason?

a
b
c
d

Staff not fully extended.

Collimation error in thb instrument.
Unstable change Points.
Staff not held vertically.

!.-

lnvert

l**t

56.00m

H-*-#---B-ik- .E

GT

tc3

2m s6Hr R,

rrB
Figure 5
43

Figure 5 shows a sewer falling from

inspection chamber (lC) 1 to lC 2 and from
lC 2 to lC 3. The invert level at lC 3 is

a
b
c
d
44

45

serven

@JENL-

{f

rrA

- -n

Figure 6

46

54.70 m
54.90 m
54.97 m
55.15 m.

Figure 6 shows sewer. invert levels at A and

B and the length AB. From the information
given, the gradient of the sewer has been
designed as
a
b

Which one of the following gradients is the

same as a 2.5o/o gradient?

a
b
c
d

-v

2m
SIG}IT RAIL

0.75%

1.25o/o
1.5o/o

2o/o.

1in2O.

1in25.
1in40.
1in50.

Which one of the following accurately

describes the main feature of digital
levelling?

a
b
c
d

Automatic height computation including

the elimination of errors due to
curvature and refraction.
The ability to level points which are not
in the line of sight.
Heights are automatically related to site
datum.
Fully automated high accuracy
electronic measurement to bar code
staffs.

Figure
47

Figure 7 shows three survey points A, B

and C with co-ordinate differences as
follows
Line
A---B
B---C

+17.56
+20.08

-24.82
+41.65

The distance AC can be calculated as

a
b
c
d

L712247

33.67
41.23
54.47
76.39

m
m
m
m.

See next page

51 The Bowditch

principle of adjusting errors in

a closed traverse requires that adjustment
per line is directly proportional to the

to
/

a
b
c
d

zt'
^()123o
f co'oRDINATES
qJ''6
cs.zz

J
m

\\
g\

oF A ARE '
zi.o.ooE,180-ooN

length of the line

bearing of the line
nuniber of lines in the traverse
co-ordinate differences of each line.

Length (m)

Line

CO-ORDINATE

48

Figure 8 shows stations A and B and the

direction AQ. lf the whole circle bearing of
AQ is 35" 24'the co-ordinates of B are

a
b
c
d
49

197.36
223.50
256.50
278.15

E
E
E
E

196.50
137.36
137.36
154.60

b
c
d

70.042

BC

136.84

41.243

CD

79.63

78.606

DA

98.38

32.691

From

To

Face Left

Face Right

00 10'20"

73 45',30"
73 45'30"
130 24'00"
130 24',00"

180 10'40"
253 46',00"
253 45'30"
310 24',40"
310 24',40"

180 10'40"

00 1 1'00"

c
C

52

Figure 9 shows readings taken on both

faces for a closed traverse ABC. Which
one of the following represents the closing
error in the figure?

a
b
c
d

-00'25".
+00'20".
+00'35".
+00'50".

1-7L2247

130.477

111.297

12.731

92.790
143.208

143.120

A closed-loop traverse ABCDA has been

calculated as shown in Figure 10. What is
the adjustment for the line CD using the
Bowditch method?

a
b
c
d

+0.003 E
+0.004 E
+0.002 E

-0.022 N.
-0.004 N.
-0.017 N.

-0.002

+0.004 N.

iHlllll-:r

Figure 9

50

AN-

Figure 10

the direction of magnetic north cannot

be established on site
errors in observation cannot be located
magnetic bearings can be affected by
local attraction
magnetic bearings (fonruard and back)
will always differ by 180'.

111.285

401 .10

N.

Magnetic bearings as used in site surveying

are less reliable than true bearings because

86.25

Total

nN+

50.330

AB

N
N

FFERENCES

AE-

AE+

Figure 8

DI

Figure

53

11

Figure 11 shows part of a grid of levels on a

construction site, which is to be excavated
down to a formation level of 10 m. Having
regard to the shape of the site, the average
depth of excavation is found to be

a
b
c
d

6.5m
6.9m
7.2m
7.9 m.

Figure 12
54

Using the's'formula

Figure 14

s(s -a)(s -b)(s -c)

the area of the triangle ABC in Figure 12 is

a
b
c
d

57

670sqm
776sqm

Figure 14 shows three control points A, B

and C. The table below has been prepared
for calculating the area of the triangle ABC.
Point

1098 sq m
9720 sq m.

Area

Co-ordinates

elN

01 L2 | OZ Ut

50.00

50.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

30.00

50.00

50.00

4000

5000

2000

2400

500

The missing number (?) in the table is

a
b
c
d

Figure 13
55

ln Figure 13 the area of the triangle ABC is

given by

6000
7000
8000
12 000.

a lrabsinC
b % abcosC
c Yz acsinA
d % bccos B.
56

Attached to the arm of a planimeter is a

rolling wheel which records the

a
b
c
d

area in hectares
area in square metres
number of squares and part squares
covering the site
number of complete revolutions and
part of a revolution.

d,rm J L-Figure 15
58

Figure 15 shows part of a circular site with

PQRS (shaded) as a concrete area of 2.5 m
width. Which one of the following
represents the shaded area PQRS?

a
b
c
.d

L7L2247

76m2.
90 m2.
94m2.
1O2 m2.

See next page

59

60

A plan used on a construction site has a

scale in which 10 mm represents 5 m on
site. The proportional scale referred to is
better defined as

Scale conversion from 1 : 500 to 1 :2OO

means that

a
b
c
d

a 1 : S0
b 1:200
c 1:250
d 1 :500.

the new scale is 2lztimes larger

the new scale is 2% times smaller
a 10 m grid will become closer together

alOmgridwill becomeaSmgrid'

NOW GO BACK AND CHECK YOUR WORK

IMPORTANT Are the details at the top of the answer sheet correct?
Have you filled in your answers in INK in the appropriate boxes on the answer sheet?

1,71,2247

10