Physics I Problems PDF

202
CHAPTER 6 Work and Kinetic Energy
distance of 20.0 m (ve oors) in 16.0 s, and it is driven by a

motor that can provide up to 40 hp to the elevator. What is the
maximum number of passengers that can ride in the elevator?
Assume that an average passenger has mass 65.0 kg.
6.57 .. A ski tow operates on a 15.0 slope of length 300 m. The
rope moves at 12.0 km>h and provides power for 50 riders at one
time, with an average mass per rider of 70.0 kg. Estimate the
power required to operate the tow.
6.58 .. The aircraft carrier John F. Kennedy has mass 7.4 * 10 7 kg.
When its engines are developing their full power of 280,000 hp, the
John F. Kennedy travels at its top speed of 35 knots 165 km>h2. If
70% of the power output of the engines is applied to pushing the
ship through the water, what is the magnitude of the force of water
resistance that opposes the carriers motion at this speed?
6.59 . BIO A typical ying insect applies an average force equal
to twice its weight during each downward stroke while hovering.
Take the mass of the insect to be 10 g, and assume the wings move
an average downward distance of 1.0 cm during each stroke.
Assuming 100 downward strokes per second, estimate the average
power output of the insect.
PROBLEMS
6.60 ... CALC
A balky cow is leaving the barn as you try harder

and harder to push her back in. In coordinates with the origin at the
barn door, the cow walks from x = 0 to x = 6.9 m as you apply a
force with x-component Fx = - 320.0 N + 13.0 N>m2x4. How
much work does the force you apply do on the cow during this displacement?
6.61 .. CALC Rotating Bar. A thin, uniform 12.0-kg bar that is
2.00 m long rotates uniformly about a pivot at one end, making
5.00 complete revolutions every 3.00 seconds. What is the kinetic
energy of this bar? (Hint: Different points in the bar have different
speeds. Break the bar up into innitesimal segments of mass dm
and integrate to add up the kinetic energies of all these segments.)
6.62 .. A Near-Earth Asteroid. On April 13, 2029 (Friday the
13th!), the asteroid 99942 Apophis will pass within 18,600 mi of
1
the earthabout 13
the distance to the moon! It has a density of
3
2600 kg>m , can be modeled as a sphere 320 m in diameter, and
will be traveling at 12.6 km>s. (a) If, due to a small disturbance in
its orbit, the asteroid were to hit the earth, how much kinetic
energy would it deliver? (b) The largest nuclear bomb ever tested by
the United States was the Castle/Bravo bomb, having a yield of 15
megatons of TNT. (A megaton of TNT releases 4.184 * 10 15 J of
energy.) How many Castle/Bravo bombs would be equivalent to
the energy of Apophis?
6.63 . A luggage handler pulls a 20.0-kg suitcase
up a ramp
S
inclined at 25.0 above the horizontal by a force F of magnitude
140 N that acts parallel to the ramp. The coefcient of kinetic friction between the ramp and the incline is mk = 0.300. If the suitcase travels 3.80 m along Sthe ramp, calculate (a) the work done on
the suitcase by the force F; (b) the work done on the suitcase by
the gravitational force; (c) the work done on the suitcase by the
normal force; (d) the work done on the suitcase by the friction
force; (e) the total work done on the suitcase. (f) If the speed of the
suitcase is zero at the bottom of the ramp, what is its speed after it
has traveled 3.80 m along the ramp?
6.64 . BIO Chin-Ups. While doing a chin-up, a man lifts his
body 0.40 m. (a) How much work must the man do per kilogram of
body mass? (b) The muscles involved in doing a chin-up can generate about 70 J of work per kilogram of muscle mass. If the man can
just barely do a 0.40-m chin-up, what percentage of his bodys mass

do these muscles constitute? (For comparison, the total percentage
of muscle in a typical 70-kg man with 14% body fat is about 43%.)
(c) Repeat part (b) for the mans young son, who has arms half as
long as his fathers but whose muscles can also generate 70 J of
work per kilogram of muscle mass. (d) Adults and children have
about the same percentage of muscle in their bodies. Explain why
children can commonly do chin-ups more easily than their fathers.
6.65 ... CP A 20.0-kg crate sits at rest at the bottom of a
15.0-m-long ramp that is inclined at 34.0 o above the horizontal. A
constant horizontal force of 290 N is applied to the crate to push it
up the ramp. While the crate is moving, the ramp exerts a constant
frictional force on it that has magnitude 65.0 N. (a) What is the
total work done on the crate during its motion from the bottom to
the top of the ramp? (b) How much time does it take the crate to
travel to the top of the ramp?
6.66 ... Consider the blocks in Exercise 6.7 as they move
75.0 cm. Find the total work done on each one (a) if there is no friction between the table and the 20.0-N block, and (b) if ms = 0.500
and mk = 0.325 between the table and the 20.0-N block.
6.67 . The space shuttle, with mass 86,400 kg, is in a circular
orbit of radius 6.66 * 10 6 m around the earth. It takes 90.1 min
for the shuttle to complete each orbit. On a repair mission, the
shuttle is cautiously moving 1.00 m closer to a disabled satellite
every 3.00 s. Calculate the shuttles kinetic energy (a) relative to
the earth and (b) relative to the satellite.
6.68 .. A 5.00-kg package slides 1.50 m down a long ramp that is
inclined at 24.0 below the horizontal. The coefcient of kinetic
friction between the package and the ramp is mk = 0.310. Calculate (a) the work done on the package by friction; (b) the work
done on the package by gravity; (c) the work done on the package
by the normal force; (d) the total work done on the package. (e) If
the package has a speed of 2.20 m>s at the top of the ramp, what is
its speed after sliding 1.50 m down the ramp?
6.69 .. CP BIO Whiplash Injuries. When a car is hit from
behind, its passengers undergo sudden forward acceleration, which
can cause a severe neck injury known as whiplash. During normal
acceleration, the neck muscles play a large role in accelerating the
head so that the bones are not injured. But during a very sudden
acceleration, the muscles do not react immediately because they
are exible, so most of the accelerating force is provided by the
neck bones. Experimental tests have shown that these bones will
fracture if they absorb more than 8.0 J of energy. (a) If a car waiting at a stoplight is rear-ended in a collision that lasts for 10.0 ms,
what is the greatest speed this car and its driver can reach without
breaking neck bones if the drivers head has a mass of 5.0 kg
(which is about right for a 70-kg person)? Express your answer in
m> s and in mph. (b) What is the acceleration of the passengers during the collision in part (a), and how large a force is acting to
accelerate their heads? Express the acceleration in m> s2 and in gs.
6.70 .. CALC A net force along the x-axis that has x-component
Fx = - 12.0 N + 10.300 N>m22x 2 is applied to a 5.00-kg object
that is initially at the origin and moving in the -x-direction with a
speed of 6.00 m> s. What is the speed of the object when it reaches
the point x = 5.00 m?
6.71 . CALC An object is attracted toward the origin with a force
given by Fx = - k>x 2. (Gravitational and electrical forces have
this distance dependence.) (a) Calculate the work done by the force
Fx when the object moves in the x-direction from x 1 to x 2. If
x 2 7 x 1, is the work done by Fx positive or negative? (b) The only
other force acting on the object is a force that you exert with your

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202

CHAPTER 6 Work and Kinetic Energy

distance of 20.0 m (ve oors) in 16.0 s, and it is driven by a

A balky cow is leaving the barn as you try harder

just barely do a 0.40-m chin-up, what percentage of his bodys mass

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