Physics I Problems
Physics I Problems
Physics I Problems
(Recall that the room radiates back into the person and that the
emissivity of the skin is 1.00.)
20.49 .. CP BIO A Human Engine. You decide to use your
body as a Carnot heat engine. The operating gas is in a tube with
one end in your mouth (where the temperature is 37.0C) and the
other end at the surface of your skin, at 30.0C. (a) What is the
maximum efciency of such a heat engine? Would it be a very useful engine? (b) Suppose you want to use this human engine to lift a
2.50-kg box from the oor to a tabletop 1.20 m above the oor.
How much must you increase the gravitational potential energy,
and how much heat input is needed to accomplish this? (c) If your
favorite candy bar has 350 food calories (1 food calorie 4186 J)
and 80% of the food energy goes into heat, how many of these
candy bars must you eat to lift the box in this way?
20.50 .. CP Entropy Change Due to the Sun. Our sun radiates from a surface at 5800 K (with an emissivity of 1.0) into the
near-vacuum of space, which is at a temperature of 3 K. (a) By how
much does our sun change the entropy of the universe every second?
(Consult Appendix F.) (b) Is the process reversible or irreversible? Is
your answer to part (a) consistent with this conclusion? Explain.
20.51 . A monatomic ideal gas is taken around the cycle shown
in Fig. P20.51 in the direction shown in the gure. The path for
process c S a is a straight line in the pV-diagram. (a) Calculate Q,
W, and U for each process a S b, b S c, and c S a. (b) What
are Q, W, and U for one complete cycle? (c) What is the efciency of the cycle?
Figure P20.51
p
3.00 10 Pa
5
1.00 105 Pa
O
c
0.500 m3
0.800 m3