4.engineering-Correction of The Mechanical Speed For The Dfig Wind Turbine
4.engineering-Correction of The Mechanical Speed For The Dfig Wind Turbine
4.engineering-Correction of The Mechanical Speed For The Dfig Wind Turbine
ABSTRACT
A winds turbine role is to convert the kinetic energy of wind into energy electric. Its components are designed to
maximize the conversion. Different control structures have been developed according to the characteristic power speed.
In our case, we propose the control strategy of the wind turbine to maximize power with control of the speed.
This control strategy consists in determining the speed of the turbine which provides the maximum generated power.
( )
(1)
(2)
30
= ( , )=
with :
-../0
!"
... 1
2 -
$ % exp
= 0.5176;
et
!"
%+
= 116;
(3)
= 0.4;
Power coefficient Cp
X: 10.01
Y: 0.4353
0.4
0.3
= 5;
= 21;
= 0.0068 [1].
B=2
B=5
B=10
B=15
0.2
B=20
0.1
0
-0.1
0
5
10
15
20
report of the tip speed lambda
25
The maximum value of ;< (;<=>? = @. ABCB) is reached of =2 and =10.01. This particular value of is defined as the
HIJ =
HIT =
HWJ =
HWT =
I KLM
I KLS
W KXM
I KXS +
MNOP
M
MNOU
M
MNYP
M
MNYU
M
QL RLS
+ QL RLM
QX RXS
+ QX RXM
(4)
V
(5)
(6)
(7)
In these equations,R ^ , R _ , L^ and L_ are respectively the resistances and the inductances of the stator and the rotor
v^c , v^d , v_c , v_d , i^c , i^d , i_c , i_d , ^c , ^d , _c , _d are the d and q components of the stator and rotor voltages,
31
(8)
Stator and rotor variables are both referred to the stator reference Park frame. With the following orientation, the d
component of the stator flux is equal to the total flux whereas the q component of the stator flux is null figure. 2.
(9)
By replacing (9) in (6) and (8), the electromagnetic torque can be given as follows:
f
= g
K R
hO XS LM
(10)
Assuming that the resistance of the stator winding i j is neglected, and referring to the chosen reference frame, the
voltage equations and the flux equations of the stator winding can be simplified in steady state as follows:
kLM = 0
Zk = k = Q R V
LS
L
L L
(11)
(12)
From (12), the equations linking the stator currents to the rotor currents are deduced below:
G
KLM =
NO
hO
KLS =
K
hO XM V
K
hO XS
(13)
The active and reactive powers at the stator side are defined as:
I = kIJ KLM + kLS KLS V
Z
lI = kIT KLM + kLM KXS
(14)
Taking into consideration the chosen reference frame, the above power equations can be written as follows:
I = kL KLS V
Z
lI = kI KLM
(15)
Replacing the stator currents by their expressions given in (15), the equations below are obtained:
G
= kL
lL =
mO NO
hO
hO XS
mO h
hO
KXM
(16)
32
The block diagram of the DFIG model in Park reference frame is depicted in figure 3, assuming a constant stator
voltage (vs).
p,
o
as shown in Figure 5
-t "
qrs =
u
tu
vY w
xY
vY w
33
(17)
Applying the method of compensation pole transfer function 1, we obtain the following equality:
y"
yu
hY z
(18)
yu
hY z
(19)
-|
With: } =
(20)
hY z
yu
and ~ = 1
hO hY
: is the response time of the system that we fix the order of 10ms. In this case, the gains of the PI controllers are
expressed in terms of machine parameters and response time as follows:
G
hY z
|
(21)
We used the method of compensation poles for its speed; it is clear that n 'not the only valid method for the
synthesis of PI controller.
We can model all the three blades as one and the same mechanical system characterized by the sum of all the mechanical
characteristics. Due to the aerodynamic blade design, we believe that the coefficient of friction with respect to the air is very
small and can be neglected. Also, the speed of the turbine being very low, Friction losses will be negligible compared to the
friction losses on the side of the generator. On the basis of these hypotheses, is then obtained a mechanical model consisting
of two masses as shown in figure 6, the validity, relative to the complete model of the turbine, has already been
verified(Lubosny. 2003; Usaola, Ledesma, Rodriguez, Fernadez, Beato, Iturbe, Wihelmi).
34
With:
: Moment of inertia of the turbine to the equivalent inertia of the three blades of the turbine.
By considering that the multiplier is ideal, That is to say, the mechanical losses are negligible, it is then modelled
(22)
=G.
(23)
From Figure 6, we can write the fundamental equation of dynamics of the mechanical system of the mechanical
shaft DFIG by:
+ %
+ .
(24)
+ %
(25)
(26)
= . (
= .
Xf
Xf_Xf
f )
(27)
(28)
The reference speed of the turbine corresponds to the optimum value corresponding to the speed ratio oa
!u .
(29)
35
The couple thus determined by the controller is used as a reference torque of the turbine model as can be seen in
figure 7.
= +
%.
Xf
(30)
b : proportional gain and b. : integral gain, correction parameters are determined. It is necessary to increase the
parameter b. to reduce the action of C wind torque. The natural frequency and damping coefficient are given by:
Q =
and =
--
(31)
. .
(32)
.L-
|.L-
Xf
(33)
a , a . et are the parameters to determine the corrector and s is the Laplace variable. It is necessary to increase the
parameter a . to reduce the action of C wind torque. The natural frequency and damping coefficient are given by:
Q =
-
.|
and =
|--
-
(34)
36
SIMULATION RESULTS
The simulation is done by imposing active and reactive power reference (P_ , Q _ ), While the machine is entailed
in variable speed
Xf
= .
, lXf = 0,
with:
: Performance DFIG;
_
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
2
time [s]
x 10
anticipation
Pmes
Pref
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
2
time [s]
x 10
anticipation
Qmes
Qref
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
2
time [s]
37
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
2
time [s]
x 10
phase advance
Pmes
Pref
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
time [s]
Figure 12: Electrical Active Power Produced with Phase Advance Control
x 10
phase advance
Qmes
Qref
2
1
0
-1
2
time [s]
Figure 13: Electrical Reactive Power Produced with Phase Advance Control
CONCLUSIONS
In our work, we have established the model of the machine using its power equations in the dq axis system related
to synchronization. We have also developed the method of vector control power of the machine to know the order.
The two methods of maximizing power were almost granny gives results (speed mechanical, power active and
reactive) the only difference and the transient time in the case of PI with big anticipation and compared PI phase advance.
APPENDICES
38
REFERENCES
1.
Z. Lubosny, Wind Turbine Operation in Electric Power Systems, Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2003.
2.
3.
4.
Mehdary, tude dune chaine de conversion dnergie olienne base dune aroturbine, 6mes Journes des
doctorants, Laboratoire des sciences de linformation et des systmes LSIS, universit de St Jrme,
Marseille, 2009.
5.
6.
Moriarty P. J., Butterfield S. B. Wind Turbine Modeling Overview for Control Engineers, In Proc.
American Control Conf., St. louis, MO, 2009.
7.
Multon B., Obin G, Gergaud O, Ben Ahmed H, Le Gnie Electrique dans le vent : tat de lart et recherches dans
le domaine de la gnration olienne, Journes Jeunes Chercheurs en Gnie Electrique (JCGE),
Saint-Nazaire, 2003.