Transformer Earth Fault
Transformer Earth Fault
Transformer Earth Fault
on Electric Power Systems, High Voltages, Electric Machines, Tenerife, Spain, December 16-18, 2005 (pp24-28)
Abstract: - In this paper we tackle the issues of false operation of the tank-earth protection of the block transformer
during the one-phase-ground-fault on the other block transformer. Consequently two generators in a power plant were
shut-down. This paper presents the results of the fault recorders and our results from computer simulations. This
submission also includes our recommendations to prevent repetitive incorrect operation of this protection.
Key-Words: - Tank Earth-Fault Protection, Block Transformer, False Operation.
1 Introduction
The transformers faults may be divide into two groups:
internal faults and faults caused by current flow through
the transformer. Internal faults are: short-circuits in
terminals, short-circuits in winding, ground-faults,
wrong insulation of transformer core-laminations,
cooling failure, incorrect voltage regulation etc.
Protection equipage of the transformers depends on their
importance and their nominal rate.
Proc. of the 5th WSEAS/IASME Int. Conf. on Electric Power Systems, High Voltages, Electric Machines, Tenerife, Spain, December 16-18, 2005 (pp24-28)
i>
R BC
i F max
R i + R BC
(2)
where:
i
the setting value of the current on a overcurrent
relay,
Ri insulation resistance of the transformer tank,
RBC resistance between the grounded point of the
transformer tank and the grounding of the transformer
winding neutral point,
iFmax maximal value of fault current through ground.
It is important to bear in mind an increased current
density near point C and therefore an increase of
resistance RBC too.
The insulation resistance Ri is usually given by the
insulation resistance of the concrete foundation. The
rails, pipes etc. must not be connected with the iron
armature of the concrete foundation or with the
grounding system.
It is important (to ensure a right operation of the
protection) to regard the fact that resistivity of concrete
is within the limits from 10 to 106 m (that mainly
depends on its humidity).
Description of an Event
Protection False Operation
of
the
Proc. of the 5th WSEAS/IASME Int. Conf. on Electric Power Systems, High Voltages, Electric Machines, Tenerife, Spain, December 16-18, 2005 (pp24-28)
Currents in
phase L3 [A]
before during
fault
fault
7278
7749
G2
7447
7812
7432
12935
7593
7617
G3
7710
8221
7711
19745
7834
12675
G4
7698
8254
7656
19925
7842
12855
Generator
G1
Currents in
phase L1 [A]
before during
fault
fault
7109
7892
x 10
L1 L2 L3
1 .5
0 .5
0
- 0 .5
-1
- 1 .5
-2
0 .1 6
0 .1 8
0 .2
0 .2 2
0 .2 4
t [s ]
0 .2 6
0 .2 8
0 .3
0 .3 2
x 10
L1 L2 L3
1 .5
1
0 .5
i [A]
i [A]
0
- 0 .5
-1
- 1 .5
-2
0 .1 6
0 .1 8
0 .2
0 .2 2 0 .2 4
t [s ]
0 .2 6
0 .2 8
0 .3
0 .3 2
Proc. of the 5th WSEAS/IASME Int. Conf. on Electric Power Systems, High Voltages, Electric Machines, Tenerife, Spain, December 16-18, 2005 (pp24-28)
x 10
250
L1 L2 L3
200
2
150
100
i [A]
i [A]
50
0
0
-5 0
-1
-1 0 0
-1 5 0
-2
-2 0 0
-3
0 .1 6
0 .1 8
0 .2
t [s ]
0 .2 2
0 .2 4
0 .2 6
0 .2 8
0 .3
x 10
-2 5 0
0 .3 2
L1 L2 L3
0 .1 6
0 .1 8
0 .2
0 .2 2 0 .2 4
t [s ]
0 .2 6
0 .2 8
0 .3
0 .3 2
1 .5
x 10
1
i [A]
1
0
0 .5
i [A]
-1
-2
- 0 .5
-3
0 .1 6
0 .1 8
0 .2
0 .2 2 0 .2 4
t [s ]
0 .2 6
0 .2 8
0 .3
0 .3 2
- 1 .5
i [A]
20
0
-2 0
-4 0
-6 0
-8 0
-1 0 0
0 .1 6
0 .1 8
0 .2
0 .2 2 0 .2 4
t [s ]
0 .2 6
0 .2 8
0 .3
0 .3 2
20
i [A]
0 .1 6
0 .1 8
0 .2
0 .2 2 0 .2 4
t [s ]
0 .2 6
0 .2 8
0 .3
0 .3 2
60
-2 0
-4 0
-6 0
-1
0 .1 6
0 .1 8
0 .2
0 .2 2 0 .2 4
t [s ]
0 .2 6
0 .2 8
0 .3
0 .3 2
Proc. of the 5th WSEAS/IASME Int. Conf. on Electric Power Systems, High Voltages, Electric Machines, Tenerife, Spain, December 16-18, 2005 (pp24-28)
2.
3.
References:
[1]Janek, F., Chladn, V., Bel, A., Eleschov, .:
Digitlne ochrany v elektrizanej sstave. (Digital
Protection in Power System). Vydavatestvo STU,
Bratislava 2004. ISBN 80-227-2135-2.
[2]Dohnlek, P.: Ochrany pro prmysl a energetiku.
(Protection for Industry and Power Engineering).
Praha, SNTL/ALFA 1978.
[3] STN 33 3051 Ochrany
elektrickch
stroj
a
rozvodnch zazen. (Protection of Electrical
Machines and Device). Technical Standard.
[4] Toman, P., Haluzik, E. Location of Single Line to
Earth Faults in MV Networks In 17th International
Conference on Electricity Distribution. 17th
International Conference on Electricity Distribution.
Barcelona, Spain, 2003. I'Institut d'Electricit
Montefiore: CIRED, 2003, s. 3.71 7.
[5] Haluzik, E.: Ochrany a automatiky v elektrickch
stch (Protection in Electrical Nets). FE VUT Brno
1986.
This work was supported by Science and Technology
Assistance Agency under the contract No. APVT-20002004
6 Conclusion
There exist two contradictory requests for the set-up of
the tank earth-fault protection.
For concrete and correct set-up of protection, it is
important to know the value of the insulation resistance
Ri and resistance RBC, or their wrong ratio.
We propose three possible solutions to prevent false
operation of this protection:
1. To set-up the protection on greater values (maximal
possible value is 10 A) to prevent their false
operation. However there is a risk that the protection
will not operate in the case of fault near a
transformer 220 kV winding neutral point.