Studies On The Marketing Strategies For Export and Local Market of Footwear in Bangladesh PDF
Studies On The Marketing Strategies For Export and Local Market of Footwear in Bangladesh PDF
Studies On The Marketing Strategies For Export and Local Market of Footwear in Bangladesh PDF
ON
STUDIES ON THE MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR EXPORT AND LOCAL
MARKET OF FOOTWEAR IN BANGLADESH.
A Dissertation for the Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Footwear Technology
Under
The University of Dhaka
Submitted By:
Shib Avra Chatterjee
B. Sc in Footwear Technology
Roll # 49, Reg. # 1658
Session # 2000-2001.
July 2007
Submitted To
DEDICATED
TO
MY PARENTS
ii
ABSTRACT
A project work titled STUDIES
FOOTWEAR IN BANGLADESH
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All the thanks and gratefulness to almighty Allah who has created us and has
made our sense to justify .
Then, I pay my tribute and profound respect to Professor Dr. Khan Rezaul
Karim, Principal (in-charge), and the Pioneer as well as Leather technologist maker.
Likewise, I am so grateful and like to express my indebtness to Mohammad
Mahtabul Alam, Lecturer (Tech) because of his invaluable direction and suggestion
to complete my thesis work and also for his conductive idea.
Furthermore, I am really owed to Noor Mohammad Head of the
Department who sacrificed his valuable time to help me.
Special thanks for Touhid and also GTZ, EPB, BFLLFEA, BFLLFEA.
Above all, I would like to thank and express my gratitude for unboundless
contribution to my project work to Amal Kanti Deb, Lecturer (Tech) and also Md.
Shahidul ISLAM, Project Assistant of BLSC Project.
Who has helped me tremendously and allowed his time for me to solve my
query.
iv
Footwear sector has its draw backs due to some invaluable facilities and
tremendous prospect. This sector has the potentiality of earning a lot of
foreign exchange after the fulfillment of local demand. But the sector needs
careful handling as well as proper directions and guidelines to heading
towards the foreign market to deserve the best among the Shoe exporting
countries.
With the partial fulfillment of my study part, the thesis is to survey the market
trend, present condition of local and overseas market of Shoe of Bangladesh
which represents the present condition of this sector.
As a student of Footwear technology it is much more important to know
about the market trend and market condition. It is high time
for necessary
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1.1. INTRODUCTION
1.2. Back Ground
of My Study
HISTORY OF Footwear
1.3. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF FOOTW EAR
1.4. FLOW CHART OF SHOE MANUFACTURE
1.5. EVALUATION OF DESIGN AND FASHION TREND IN FOOTWEAR
1.6.
DESIGN AND PATTERN DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER
2.1. MRKETING- THE CORE CONCEPT
2.1.a. Needs, Wants and Demands
2.1.b. PRODUCTS (Goods, Services and Ideas)
2.1.c. VALUE, COST AND SATISFACTION
2.1.d. EXCAHANGE AND TRANSACTIONS
2.2. CONCEPT OF MARKET
2.3. MARKETERS AND PROSPECTS
2.4. MARKET TRENDS
2.5. EXPORT POLICY OF BANGLADESH
2.5.a. INTRODUCTION
2.5.b. Objectives
2.5.c. Strategies
2.5.d. Scope and General Provisions
2.5.e. Target
2.5.f. Export Promotion Councils/Committees
2.5.g. Thrust Sector
2.6. UNDERSTANDING THE INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY
2.6.a. Organizations Objectives
2.6.b. Decision to go International
2.6.c. Strategy Level of Involvement
Page
01
02
03
05
07
09
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
18
21
21
22
23
24
25
25
26
Page
26
26
27
27
27
28
28
28
29
30
31
vi
32
33
34
37
40
40
43
Bangladesh
3.11. Strategies to upgrade and integrate the production process into
44
45
47
50
Industry
3.15. Importance features of Footwear in Bangladesh
3.16. Export of Footwear in Last 4 Years
3.17. Contribute of leather sector to GDP in Bangladesh (million taka)
51
52
53
vii
Page
3.18. OUR OPPORTUNITIES FOR PRODUCTION OF
54
Footwear
3.19. Opportunities of the Footwear industries
3.20. Projection of Production, Export earning and Employment
57
58
59
70
4.2. The major competitors in the European markets their strengths and
73
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.
weakness.
European Buying Structure
Bangladeshs Competitive Position
Needs and expectations of Footwear firms
MARKETING OF INDIAN LEATHER Footwear IN THE OVERSEAS
76
78
79
80
MARKET
PRODUCT WISE QUANTITY& FOB VALUE OF EXPORT OF Footwear
80
84
85
Figure
Figure 1
Title
Parts of shoe
Page No
Page
Figure 2
Page
viii
(million taka)
ix
Acronym Used
BCLT
BBS
BFLLFEA
EPB
EPZ
GTZ
ITC
LFMEAB
RSMA
R&D
CHAPTER
1.1. INTRODUCTION
Bangladesh Government has earmarked Leather sector as one of the thrust
sectors. By & large the sector has been registering steady progress. But it is still a
long way to be traversed to attain desired level of performance. As of today (2006)
70 75% output in the sector is crust leather while 25 30% output is reportedly
by coursed by finished leather
Global trade in leather sector is learnt to be around US $ 65 billion yearly.
Bangladesh share only 0.60 % (US $ 390 million) while is by improving finished
leather output say by 20% additionally the export in leather trade is expected to be
within the region of US $ 500 million. This means, the potentials in the leather sector
is enormous. But the concentration of the tanneries in Hazaribagh location is
certainly and hole up in further improving the tannery operation at large.
Government in association with the trade bodies has
From time immemorial, the arts and crafts of Bangladesh are closely linked to
our culture and heritage. Leather and Footwear have always been a part of that
heritage and after the emergence of an independent Bangladesh in 1971; the
industry received a fresh impetus. Today the country earns a sizeable amount of
foreign exchange every year through export of leather and Footwear to a number of
overseas markets. The Leather Industry of Bangladesh has been given particular
attention for developing its infrastructure. By combining the latest in leather
technology with abundant raw materials and inexpensive skilled labour, Footwear
now playing an important role in earning foreign exchange for the country. Export of
leather and Leather goods (including Footwear) earned US$303.33 Million for
Bangladesh in the fiscal year 2006-2007.
The raw materials leather industry produces the world's finest quality goatskin
of a very fine and smooth grain pattern. Country's cow leather has excellent natural
compact fibre structure with a round feel and touch. More than eighty percent of the
country's annual production is exported worldwide as semi finished/finished Leather,
footwear and accessories.
Over 250 manufacturers are producing various Leather items such as travel
goods, suitcases, briefcases and fashion accessories, along with belts, wallets, hand
bags, case holders etc. for overseas export. Bangladesh has also entered the field of
Leather fashion garments with items of distinction and prestige.
Vamp
The vamp covers the dorsum of the foot (includes the tongue piece) and superior
aspects over the toes. This section i.e. the toe puff is reinforced which serves to give
the shoe its shape as well as protect the toes.
Quarter
The complete upper part of the shoe behind the vamp line covering the sides and
backpart. The top edge of the sides and back of the quarter describes the topline of
the shoe. In athletic shoes the topline is often padded and referred to as a collar.
The medial and lateral sections join in a seam at the posterior end of the shoe.
Toecap
Many shoes incorporate a toecap into the upper of the shoe. Toecaps are either
stitched over or completely replace the distal superior aspect of the vamp and can
be made into a decorative features referred to as toe tips. The toe box refers to the
roofed area over and around the part of the shoe that covers the toes.
Linings
In quality shoes the quarters and vamps are lined to enhance comfort and durability.
Linings may consist of various materials ie leathers, fabrics, and manmade
synthetics.
Throat
The central part of the vamp just proximal to the toe box. The throat is formed by
the seam joining the vamp to the quarter i.e. throatline. The position of the throat
line depends on the construction of the shoe, for example a shorter vamp and longer
quarters define a lower throat line.
Outsole
This is the outer most sole of the shoe, which is directly exposed to abrasion and
wear. Traditionally made from a variety of materials, the outsole is constructed in
different thickness and degrees of flexibility. Ideal soling materials must be
waterproof, durable and possess a coefficient of friction high enough to prevent
slipping.
Shank
The shank bridges between the heel breast and the ball tred. The shankpiece or
shank spring can be made from wood, metal, fibreglass or plastic and consists of a
piece approximately 10cm long and 1.5 cm wide. The shank spring lies within the
bridge or waist of the shoe, i.e. between heel and ball corresponding to the medial
and lateral arches.
Heel
The heel is the raised component under the rear of the shoe. Heels consist of a
variety of shapes, heights, and materials and are made of a series of raised
platforms or a hollowed section. The part of the heel next to sole is usually shaped
to fit the heel, this is called the heel seat or heel base. The heel breast describes
front face of the heel.
Welt
The strip of material which joins the upper to the sole. Most shoes will be bonded by
Goodyear-welted construction. Some shoes use an imitation welt stitched around the
top flat edge of the sole for decorative purposes, but it is not a functional part of the
shoe.
Last
"The close relationship between a man and his shoe maker was based on the shared
secret of the client's measurements. The statistics of clients were never disclosed."
Traditionally before mass production, the original shoemaker started the process by
taking a footprint outline of the sole. He whittled or chiselled a wooden last from the
print. A last ( 'laest', Old English meaning footprint) was traditionally made from
wood but are now available now in metal or plastic.
1.4
History of Footwear
Boot:
Any footwear extending above the ankle. There are numerous designs and types for
a variety of uses and made from a number of materials.
Clog:
A thick soled wooden shoe sometimes with leather upper.
Figure 5 : Clog
Lace-Up:
Any low cut shoe fastened by lacings, such as an Oxford or Blucher.
Moccasin:
The term moccasin originates from the Algonquian language for foot covering. This
is the oldest shoe construction known, dating back about 12000 years. It is simply a
piece of upper material cradle-wrapped around the foot or last and sewn at the
butting of the two edges along the center of the sole.
Mule:
A backless shoe or slipper with or without a heel.
Figure 8 : Mule
Sandal:
Originally a slab of leather sole attached to the foot by thongs. Today any open shoe
who's upper consists of any decorative or functional arrangement of straps. A sandal
can be foot low to knee high, or with any heel height, designed for simple utility or
casual wear or as a fashion shoe.
Monk:
Similar to Derby Shoes but with a cross over section to fasten the quarters with a
side buckle.
10
Figure 10 : Monk
Pumps:
Heeled shoes with low cut fronts and usually no fastening.
Figure 11 : Pumps
Chappal:
This consists of an insole and a strap across the instep, with or without a ring to
hold the big toe. Sole is either stitched or cemented with a low or high heel.
Sandal:
This consists of an insole with the upper having straps across the vamp portion with
flat or high heels. A belt passes round the heel to keep the foot in position by a
buckle arrangement.
Slipper (mule):
Mule is without quarters, strap and buckle attachment. The foot is supported at the
vamp by a strap. A high or low heel can be fitted.
Clogs:
Bottom is of wood and the upper may be of straps with decoration across the vamp
or with a vamp and toe cap.
Oxford:
The quarters are kept under the vamp and stitched.
11
Brogue:
An oxford construction with the upper decorated with stitches and punches.
Derby or Gibson:
The quarters are stitched apart on the vamp, with 2 or 3 eyelets.
Casual:
A shoe which is easy to wear and has an elastic gusset across the instep or on sides.
Court shoe:
A ladies high heeled shoe of slip- on type with a counter, toecap, vamp and
quarters.
Walking shoes:
12
During walking the foot is lifted, after the lead foot makes contact with the ground.
The shoe is made up of a forepart midsole, a heel wedge of EVA. MCR or PU,
outsole of hard wearing rubber compound wrapped up at the toe region, rigid non
collapsible heel counter of leather.
Turned shoe
The turned shoe is made inside out with only an outset sole between the foot and
the ground. The upper and soles are very flexible. The last is designed in a single
size and then a set is made in the range of sizes and widths in which shoes are to be
manufactured.
Welted Shoes
Any construction using a welting, either as an intrigal part of the construction or
simply for imitative effect.
1.5
A continual frustration to many who care for the foot weary is the absence of a
standard shoe size system. Shoe sizing systems based on standard metrological
measurements have been in existence for just over 100 years but shoes made in
half sizes have only been available half that time. As part of the protection many
craftsmen operated in early times, shoes were individually coded.
Some few international systems for footwear size are briefly described below:
UK System
The first description of a shoe sizing system was made and recorded by British
genealogist Randle Holme in the Academy of Armory and Blazon in 1688
Third Inch Scale (Barley Corn)
13
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39
1 2 3 4
10 11 12 13
10
11 12
13
Adult Sizes
8.5 8.75 9.0 9.25 9.5 9.75 10.0 10.25 10.5 10.75 11.0 11.25 11.5 11.75
12
15
10
11
12
13
14
American System
The first shoe sizing system with detailed proportional measurements for lasts and
shoes came from North America.
Adult Sizes
8.5
7 8
10
11 12
13
14
15
Mondo Point
This was a proposed international shoe sizing system based on the metric system.
The idea originated in Australia and was intended to replace English, French, Italian
and other size systems. Shoes were described as 255/98 or 255 millimetres long and
98 millimetres broad.
14
US
1.5 2.5
PP
33
Mond
34
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
35.
36.
38
39.
40.
8.5 9.5
42
43
10
11
12
13
UK
10.
11.
12.
13. US
44.
46
47
48
cm
220 227 236 245 252 260 270 278 286 298 305 312 320 mm.
US
10
11
PP
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
Mondo
227
252
278
10
11
12
13
UK
US
10
11
12
13
US
PP
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26.
28
29
30.
31.
PP
5
Mond
10
12
13
13
14
15
16
16
175 18
5
19
15
Width Fitting
In the American (Arithmetic standard width measurement) this ranges from
AAAAA to EEEEEE.
16
17
In the first instance, a design should be as simple as possible and easily workable
and saleable. The function of the design should be crystal clear before pattern
making. Multipurpose functions (end use) with too many components joined or
assembled should be avoided to the extent possible, as it cuts into other important
aspects of the design namely size, apprave, shape and aesthetic value.
As the sole intention of design is to meet the requirements of its basic functions, its
performance could be better built around its generic character rather than its
additive character. A good designer has to foresee the fashion trend / change and
style in the coming seasons usually a year ahead and form an idea of what things
are in store for the market. In fact, designer
Another important aspect of design and pattern development is that the design
should be easily translated or transformed into production schedule. Further
productions and productivity are the key factors for a successful commercial venture.
So in design and development of footwear (the above is only in illustration to drive
home the point) a judicious blend of production technique and productivity, cost
saving, value addition and quality control aspects should be taken into consideration.
The pattern maker, next to the designer should have sound knowledge about the
design chosen, the various materials of construction that are to be used.
18
Undoubtedly, pattern cutting is an art, but it is scientific in the sense that it required
elementary mathematics and geometry as symmetrical (sometimes odd) shapes of
pattern are to be fitted in the area of leather judiciously to get the maximum
advantage of cutting. The art of pattern cutting requires anticipation, sound
judgment, cultivated style of approach with a sense of quality control.
After going through the scientific system of designing pattern development, one
feels inclined that the principles of designing are based purely on mathematical
calculations and geometrical drawings.
19
Region
Q2003
Share2003
Growth1993-
03/93
2003
WESTERN EUROPE
777
4,58%
-4,12%
-429
EASTERN EUROPE
371
2,18%
-1,93%
-211
MIDDLE EAST
589
3,47%
2,99%
172
AFRICA
647
3,81%
1,94%
126
4,90%
5.272
ASIA PACIFIC
NORTH AMERICA
LATIN AMERICA
WORLD
13.453
79,26%
331
1,95%
-3,83%
-159
805
16.972
4,74%
100,00%
0,21%
3,34%
-32
4.739
Source: BLSC
20
CHAPTER
2.1.
What is Market?
2.2.
What is Marketing?
Most people think that marketing is only about the advertising and/or personal
selling of goods and services. Advertising and selling, however, are just two of the
many marketing activities.
In general, marketing activities are all those associated with identifying the particular
wants and needs of a target market of customers, and then going about satisfying
those customers better than the competitors? This involves doing market research
on customers, analyzing their needs, and then making strategic decisions about
product design, pricing, promotion and distribution.
This view is consistent with the following definition of marketing found in a popular
marketing textbook:
Besides this many famous persons give definition about marketing, some of them are
given below:
21
Philip Kotler, the father of marketing says, "Marketing is a social process by which
individual activities designed to develop, price, promote and distribute goods and
services to groups of customers."
Dalrymple and Parsons says, "Marketing can be defined as a system of interrelated
activities designed to develop, price, promote and distributes goods and services to
groups of customers."
McCarthy says, Marketing is the performance of business activities that direct the
flow of good and services from production to consumer or user in order to best satisfy
consumers and accomplish the firm's objectives".
"Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing,
promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, services, organizations, and events to
create and maintain relationships that will satisfy individual and organizational
objectives."
-Contemporary Marketing Wired (1998) by Boone and Kurtz. Dryden Press.
2.3.
Marketing Trends:
A trend is a direction or sequence of events that have some momentum and durability.
For example, one major trend is the increasing participation of women in the work
force, which has spawned the child day-care business, increased consumption of
microwavable foods, office-oriented clothing lines for women, and other business
opportunities. Identifying a trends, ferreting out the likely consequences, and
determining. opportunities are critical marketing skills.
Trends are more predictable and durable than fad such as Pet Rocks or Cabbage of
the future. Friedrich von Schiller said; " In today already walks tomorrow." According to
22
futurist Faith Popcorn, a trend has longevity, is observable across several market areas
and consumer activities, and is consistent with other significant indicators occurring or
emerging at the same time.
Marketing is not like Euclidean geometry, a fixed system of concepts and axioms.
Rather, marketing is one of the most dynamic fields within the management arena. The
marketplace continually throws out fresh challenges, and companies must respond.
Therefore it is not surprising that new marketing ideas keep surfacing to meet the
new marketplace challenges.
Here are several emphases in current marketing thinking:
1.
23
24
automatically through electronic data interchange links among companies. All these
trends portend greater buying and selling efficiency.
7. A growing emphasis on service marketing. The US. population today consists
of only 2.5% farmers and about 15% factory workers. Most people are doing
service work: field salespeople, retailers, craftspeople, and knowledge workers such
as physician engineers, accountants, and lawyers; Because services are intangible
perishable variable, and inseparable, they pose additional challenges not found in
tangible-good marketing. Marketers are increasingly developing strategies for
service firms that sell insurance, software, consulting services, and other services.
8. A growing emphasis on high-tech industries. Much economic growth is due
to the emergence of high-tech firms, which differ from traditional firms. High-tech
firms face higher risks, slower product acceptance, shorter product life cycles, and
faster technological obsolescence. High-tech firms must master the art of
marketing their venture to the financial community and convincing enough customers
to adopt their new products.
9. A growing emphasis on ethical marketing behavior. The general public is
wary of ads and sales approaches that distort or lie about product benefits or that
manipulate people into hasty purchases. The marketplace is highly susceptible to
abuse by those who lack scruples and are willing to prosper at the expense of others.
Marketers, in particular, must hold to high standards in practicing their craft. The
American Marketing Association has promulgated a code of ethical marketing
behavior, and marketers need to act as watchdogs to preserve a trusted and
efficient- mark.
2.4.
Despite the fact that the world has advanced a lot far in terms of technology,
humanity, environmental care, medicinal cure but the core concept of Marketing has
25
not been changed it. Till now the 4P of marketing are the unique. In spite of a lot
of trying nobody could add another one P in the list. The 4Ps are:
Product
Price
Promotion
Place.
Product: A product itself is the greatest tool for marketing. Because if the product
has the quality to fulfill the demands of consumer, the consumer will search the
product even if he/she does not see any marketing activity of the product. So
product is the most important element of marketing activity.
A Product is not only the product feature, it includes packaging, added features,
varieties etc.
Price: Price is the second most important element of marketing because if the
product consist the best quality and the prices is well beyond the limit of consumer
the consumer will not buy the product. So a marketer must supply the good quality
product in optimum price.
Promotion: Promotion is the set of promotional activity, which the marketers
exercise the most. Promotion is the activity of promoting and selling of product.
There are lot of activities practiced in promoting the product. Some common and
widely used activities are as follows:
Advertising
Public Relations
Direct Marketing
Relationship Marketing
Promotion
26
Place: Here place means the entire marketplace. In maximum time it is physical
place but sometime it is virtual. But as place we consider mostly the distribution
channel of a marketer, by which the product reaches to the end consumer.
Each party has something that might be of value to the other party.
27
Each party believes it is appropriate or desirable to deal with the other party.
The Product Concept: At the same time other business are guided by the
product concept, which holds that consumers will favor those products that offer the
most quality, performance, or innovative features. The marketer assume that buyers
admire well made products and can evaluate quality and performance.
28
Our export trade must keep pace with the projected GDP growth @ 7% and
make due contribution through increased export earning. In this exercise it is
imperative to identify new thrust sectors, increased export of higher value
added items, diversify product wise , ensure products quality, improve
packaging, attain efficient productivity. We should aim at marketing quality
products at competitive price at the correct time.
The Export Policy 2005-2006 has been designed to operate in the imperatives
and opportunities of the market economy with a view to maximizing export
growth and narrowing down the gap between import payment and export
earning.
29
2.6.b. Objectives
The principal objectives of this policy are :
To achieve optimum national growth through increase of export in regional and
international market.
To narrow down the gap between the country's export earning and import payment
through achievement of the export targets.
To undertake timely steps for production of exportable goods at a competitive price
with a view to exporting and strengthening existing export markets and making dent
in new markets.
To take the highest advantage of entering into the post Uruguay liberalized and
globalizes international market.
To make our exportable items more attractive to the market through product
diversification and quality improvement;
To establish backward linkage industries and services with a view to using more
indigenous raw materials, expand the product base and identify and export higher
value added products ;
To simplify export procedures and to rationalize and solidify export incentives
To develop and expand infrastructure
To develop trained human resources in the export sector
To raise the quality and grading of export products to internationally
recognized levels.
30
31
Supplier
China
Value 2001
US$ '000
Value 2002
US$ '000
Value 2003
US$ '000
Value 2004
US$ '000
Value 2005
US$ '000
10,095,770
11,090,084
12,954,806
15,202,613
19,052,503
Italy
7,570,253
7,587,728
8,479,119
9,304,815
8,859,980
Hong Kong
5,902,817
5,767,059
5,746,561
5,698,292
6,144,490
Belgium
1,652,829
1,855,417
1,863,522
1,941,251
2,522,321
Germany
1,372,545
1,648,437
1,862,390
2,368,087
2,421,873
Viet Nam
1,630,195
1,912,981
2,299,175
Spain
1,985,784
2,124,644
2,297,420
2,321,866
2,189,177
Brazil
1,684,318
1,516,449
1,622,241
1,898,816
1,979,367
Romania
975,599
1,157,931
1,420,673
1,512,494
1,589,037
Netherlands
892,640
764,671
1,132,263
1,365,895
1,525,036
France
956,119
1,072,005
1,276,532
1,465,506
1,517,768
Portugal
1,515,079
1,497,448
1,626,057
1,651,822
1,486,971
Indonesia
1,505,580
1,148,052
1,182,185
1,320,478
1,428,518
India
662,511
622,589
758,292
849,999
1,049,255
Thailand
839,222
772,386
802,283
760,168
892,184
United Kingdom
697,772
661,420
690,901
773,415
844,733
Austria
554,706
541,680
642,536
730,155
783,890
USA
806,018
702,576
693,623
650,866
726,828
Denmark
194,463
315,796
386,079
461,196
489,228
South Korea
701,812
577,111
509,172
499,648
482,114
Slovakia
232,599
286,744
405,068
452,654
472,148
Tunisia
328,319
343,555
338,960
427,063
443,840
481,923
441,769
398,675
408,136
365,452
Hungary
343,706
338,129
327,002
291,382
310,706
Poland
262,883
277,160
275,076
281,872
303,414
Mexico
356,597
328,569
318,506
289,606
301,456
Bulgaria
159,996
162,820
226,678
232,341
245,339
Morocco
163,417
178,639
221,846
229,469
243,751
Czech Republic
172,537
137,259
134,841
195,364
238,125
Turkey
126,116
131,397
183,788
204,917
215,793
Canada
145,818
151,318
141,584
158,789
200,768
56,201
87,186
132,569
190,393
32
Albania
86,429
94,978
133,379
165,237
181,302
Singapore
117,519
113,158
176,201
192,843
168,780
Croatia
165,658
147,997
157,255
168,088
167,373
Pakistan
45,349
71,347
90,109
105,418
154,490
Sweden
66,649
87,297
119,271
137,678
147,175
137,089
117,845
115,862
117,786
141,803
Malaysia
85,918
90,346
129,053
237,566
133,637
Slovenia
92,155
80,659
81,335
92,020
116,357
Macao
80,430
84,277
94,249
104,047
Ukraine
82,348
72,971
88,570
118,590
102,208
Finland
66,561
67,373
76,768
86,593
91,021
74,052
70,705
101,814
68,735
86,693
57,611
66,650
Colombia
40,344
27,053
29,118
43,936
61,928
Macedonia,
36,914
35,837
41,360
50,225
58,427
Japan
42,253
37,770
39,302
44,885
50,976
Estonia
42,680
48,441
60,343
42,303
49,553
Belarus
90,045
88,757
95,205
109,860
47,044
Ireland
29,212
22,015
31,134
37,877
41,626
Cambodia
28,798
32,649
34,054
40,747
Greece
30,930
35,179
43,421
38,648
37,997
New Zealand
25,396
25,296
28,357
39,515
37,392
Bangladesh
38,454
45,272
45,776
34,018
Australia
32,219
31,245
32,076
32,355
5,001
57,311
45,258
31,273
Argentina
17,693
12,308
17,684
19,817
28,861
Israel
21,883
26,181
24,686
27,273
27,296
Russian
21,446
19,767
24,349
26,843
27,002
Moldova,
5,711
9,220
15,074
21,860
26,442
Guatemala
23,760
26,007
20,816
22,717
25,840
Philippines
72,953
47,636
46,377
30,845
25,764
Kenya
15,397
3,412
19,953
23,080
Ecuador
12,261
15,822
14,494
18,071
El Salvador
19,253
17,726
19,168
19,336
Luxembourg
9,080
12,972
13,329
13,548
18,417
Norway
12,815
14,864
15,973
18,012
18,173
South Africa
13,599
16,085
19,274
17,324
17,466
Switzerland
Iran,
72,975
33,233
21,013
33
Lithuania
15,491
13,385
11,313
15,422
16,242
Sri Lanka
32,437
19,282
20,898
12,905
13,010
Malta
29,540
25,884
22,096
17,673
12,639
Lebanon
14,959
7,436
9,879
11,919
Latvia
3,721
3,092
3,821
8,615
11,110
Peru
2,608
2,147
2,322
5,481
9,968
Saudi Arabia
2,243
4,648
7,220
7,650
8,923
Chile
12,555
7,450
6,205
5,567
6,500
Fiji
10,146
10,135
11,286
12,421
5,551
187,468
168,442
130,978
62,126
37,737
47,300
48,339
53,702
56,687
61,573
source: http://intracen.org/leatherline/tradestatistics/footwear
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
47,300
48,339
53,702
56,687
61,573
2008
(forecasted)
75,155
France
4,721
5,298
8,227
6,156
Italy
1,719
1,955
4,646
5,774
14,413
18,398
17,433
5,625
Germany
2,056
1,738
1,576
5,407
United Kingdom
6,134
4,000
2,240
2,641
Belgium
4,160
4,547
5,867
2,488
Japan
Austria
1,218
Netherlands
780
1,263
1,304
1,008
Spain
978
363
697
930
Sweden
540
260
1,026
675
34
Denmark
25
14
99
427
52
82
31
335
Saudi Arabia
78
70
334
700
4,128
46
173
Finland
19
92
35
167
Norway
13
155
215
335
143
96
89
Hong Kong
142
Portugal
Fiji
64
60
Canada
13
114
Australia
49
Greece
51
Poland
74
121
44
60
44
114
150
38
29
25
15
Malawi
13
Cyprus
Korea, Republic of
522
Argentina
318
21
11
597
10
Nepal
China
Turkey
42
35
687
1,214
317
Ireland
174
341
270
Czech Republic
91
250
Philippines
19
55
Mexico
20
42
27
36
Bhutan
81
Russian Federation
27
50
22
1
15
Albania
14
Singapore
70
Thailand
40
443
20
Senegal
19
Ethiopia
13
Peru
Central African Republic
6
1
South Africa
24
2
58
5
35
Qatar
Sri Lanka
India
Oman
World
38,454
1
45,272
45,776
34,018
source: http://intracen.org/leatherline/tradestatistics/footwear
2001
2003
2004
2005
2008
(forcasted)
47,300
48,339
53,702
56,687
61,573
75,155
38
45
46
34
48
63
0.08%
0.09%
0.09%
0.06%
0.08%
0.09%
2002
we should keep in mind that 0.01% of world footwear trade is equivalent to 6.16
million dollar
Table 6: Footwear Export in Bangladesh (value in thousand Taka)
Name of commodities
Footwear
Footwear
Footwear
Footwear
Footwear
(leather)
(jute)
(sports)
components
(all sorts)
July-April
2005-2006
3366096
494504
1483609
142631
5486840
July-April
2006-2007
5370951
648329
924071
792012
7735363
April
2007
715248
47204
61164
37153
860769
% of
total
1.13%
36
Leather is the sector with major added value for the Bangladeshi economycalculated at about 80% of the value chain, ad quality few materials are available
locally and the industry has developed from hides and skins to finished products.
The expansion of exports of finished products .
Q2003
WORLD
16.940
1 INDIA
3.688
2 CHINA
3 USA
Share2003
Growth1993- 03/93
2003
100,00%
3,21%
4.683
21,77%
4,69%
1.283
2.935
17,33%
7,73%
1.569
1.950
11,51%
2,15%
342
4 JAPAN
601
3,55%
0,59%
68
5 BRAZIL
425
2,51%
0,67%
37
6 INDONESIA
373
2,20%
6,50%
268
7 GERMANY
333
1,97%
-1,92%
-62
8 UK
330
1,95%
1,36%
65
9 FRANCE
325
1,92%
-0,39%
10 ITALY
315
1,86%
2,46%
67
37
Adopt ISO 9000 standards, improve quality control procedures for process
and inputs, provide training for shop floor management, and modernize
production system.
Develop design
Create tie ups for sales network, diversified markets, increase number of
products. Small unites to participate in international trade fairs.
38
Organizations object
Decision to go international
Strategy level of involvement
Selection of markets
Marketing
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
Finance
Exchange risk
Political risk
Capital budgeting
Transfer prices
Working capital
Operations
Foreign
Sourcing
Locations of
facilities
Inventory
Human resources
Expatriates
Foreign nationals
Motivation
Recruitment
Section
39
40
41
2.12.
Strategies
While businessmen will consider entering in the export market they must consider
the following:
2.12.a.
Organizations Objectives
2.12.b.
Decision to go International
2.12.c.
The first strategic decision the organization makes on its route to internationalization
is to decide how deeply involved it wishes to become in the international
marketplace. The organizations chosen level of involvement in international business
will determine (at least in the short term) the marketing, financial, operation and
human resource strategies that can be employed. The different level of international
involvement range from active exporting subsidiaries overseas as far as foreign
production and foreign marketing.
2.12.d.
The organization should resist the temptation to attack too many markets there by
spreading effort and resource too thinly to be successful. The most successful
international operations often come from making an initial effort into a single market
42
2.12.e.
Unlike domestic marketing, the organization often has a clear choice of how it
proposes to enter overseas markets. How the method of market entry is selected will
determine the freedom of action the organization has over the various elements of
the markets mix. As with level of involvement, method of entry may dictate
marketing activities in the short term.
2.12.f.
2.12.g.
2.12.h.
43
where there is a single market and easily understood planning parameters, the
international environment tends to be much more fragmented and may require
differing resources at different stage and levels of allocation. It is important that the
organization attempts to remain in control of the situation and the coordination of
(often diverse) national or market plans become a major strategic activity.
2.12.i.
2.12.j.
2.13. Summary
The focus of the international marketers activity is the customer (as in the
domestic situation), but the customer happens to be in a foreign market with
all that entails.
CHAPTER
3.1. Footwear Marketing in Bangladesh
Marketing is the vital aspects for the Bangladeshi footwear. Production of footwear
in Bangladesh being primarily for export purpose. All the efforts being made by the
manufacturers are presented in the foregoing analysis. Of course, there are few
units which rely on domestic market. They are also contacted and their views have
been complied.
As regards to domestic marketing of footwear, it is being done by nearly one fourth
of total footwear. However, it does not mean that these units solely rely on domestic
market. Good number of units in Dhaka undertakes domestic sales. Such local sales
units are very less in other Divisions.
The domestic supply orders for the units are largely through direct contacts as well
as from the corporate business groups for complimentary.
Leather shoes.
Synthetic shoes.
Leather sandals.
Synthetic sandals.
Sports shoes.
Canvas & PVC shoes.
Slippers and Chappals.
Army boots.
Ladies boots.
Jute sandals/chappals.
45
However, it was observed during the field survey, that more than hundred types of
items are being made from leather for export purpose, with ever expanding uses.
This category of industry is highly vulnerable for non-leather substitutes and
supplements. Functionally leather and non-leather items perform the same job.
Leather items are preferred for their natural feel, elegance and of course long life.
The local sales affected, need not necessarily be always to the Bangladeshi
customers. It is observed that foreign tourists effect purchases from Bangladeshi
stores during there visit to Bangladesh.
The situation in Dhaka is slightly different. Domestic marketing is remarkable high in
the case of other Divisions units
Adaptation of fashion
46
P =Price (Cost)
Q=Quality
R=Reliability
S=Speed and
T=Technology
Price:
Prices are influenced by the offer of footwear on the world market. The price
structure also depends on such elements as freight costs, commissions and
intermediaries, customs duties etc. importers mark-up depends on the quality of the
raw material-about 10% for mass-marketed articles and 25% for expensive
footwear.
Quality:
Quality consciousness is the most important ingredient in the marketing strategy for
all over the world as also as a rule, other industrialized economies. Norms and
standers are in some cases even if not compulsory they are of advantages in
marketing the product by carrying confidence with the customer. In fact, labeling
and packing standards are being vigorously. Exports need to conform to the satisfy,
environment and health regulations in force, adherence to quality and delivery
schedules is also an extremely important consideration.
47
the country. Causes of the backwardness of leather goods sector development for
local market
%
88.9
0
11.1
100
48
General Category
of Types
customer
products
Upper Class
Shoe (gents)
Standard
||
General category ||
Upper Class
Ladies sandal
Standard
||
General category ||
Source: Field survey
of Origin
products
Foreign
Local& Foreign
Local
Foreign
Local& Foreign
Local
of Value range
in taka
Above 1500
500-2000
Below 300
Above 800
400-1200
100-400
49
3.9 Brand
Brand identity is particular circular for footwear business. There are shoes and
fashion shop of both local and world wide brand in Bangladesh. Each of them has its
our style and target market in Bangladesh. There
Appex
Bata
Bey
Jennys
Nike etc.
50
51
3.11.
The history of footwear marketing is not so rich and mentionable. Even 10 years ago
there was not such organization involved in mass footwear production except BATA.
On that time most footwear were manufactured by small and non mechanized
footwear unit and they sold their product through informal distribution channel. But,
due to total technological revolution around the world the situation of Bangladesh is
also changing and now few footwear companies manufacturing wide scale of
footwear for both export and local market. The activities of Footwear Company
working inside the boundary of Bangladesh are briefly described under:
3.11.a
Experience of BATA-Bangladesh
As a very large multinational business organization, BATA has a lot of expertise and
experience in footwear manufacturing and selling. BATA is the only footwear
manufacturing company that can produce complete family shoe i.e. Shoes for the
entire family. Moreover BATA has its own selling and distribution channel. The
Soling
RAW Hides
BATA
Tannery
Accessories
Distributor
Retail Outlet
BATA
Shoe
Agent
Retail Outlet
52
Over the last 10/12 years some new generation of footwear manufacturer have been
emerging in the local footwear market. Their main strength is that they are
successfully doing the footwear export in European and Asian Market. With the
experience in export market and inspiring by BATA they have started their own local
marketing system by following BATAs operation. The are also trying to creat their
own brand in local footwear market viz: APEX, BAY, Jennnys etc. The have the
capabilities to survive in the local market but all they need is experience.
3.11.c
Actually this group is huge in their quantity and production and surprisingly
customer access. Most of the shoe manufactures in Bangladesh are manufactured by
them. But their main problem is selling. They have no selling unit. In some cases
they dont even know who their customers are. For selling their product they have to
depend to the wholesaler and these wholesaler are mostly situated in Fulbaria
Wholesale Market (Gulistan area) and Chakbazar Wholesale Market. Their main
assets are: Their workmanship, low cost, and almost unlimited verity of product. But
the main problem is that they have to arrange their all raw materials from different
Finished Leather
Accessories
Raw Material
Source:
Mainly Bangshal,
Siddique Bazar,
Suritola,
Sell
Sell
Suritola, Bangshal,
Chalkbazar Siddique
Bazar, Nababganj,
Hazaribagh.
Retail Outlet
Wholesaler
Soling Material
Manufacturing
Unit
Retail Outlet
Distributor
Fulbaria
and
Chalkbazar
Retail Outlet
All
over
Bangladesh
53
under.
Retail Outlet
BATA
15-20%
Retail
Fig
22:Outlet
Overall
operational
Retail Outlet
chart
Others
3.12. Problems
in marketing of footwear
Retail Outlet
7-10%
The problems in the marketing of footwear have been analyzed from three anglesSmall
Distributor
Retail
covering general/ basic problems,
rejection and piling
of Outlet
stocks. The problems of
Manufacturer
marketing are comprehensive in nature because the area of operation is so wide
that it is difficult
to predict the nature of problem that would corp. up.
Imported
Importer
Retail Outlet
5-8%
(China, Italy, Korea etc.)
The general/ basic problems of the leather goods industry cover
The second issue relating to marketing problem is export rejections. The problem
has been classified on the basis of extent of rejections. The problem appears to be
54
not so serious since large proportion of units account on an average less than one
percent of rejection. It is also attempted to identify the reasons for such rejection. It
appeals that multiple causes are responsible for rejection.
The prominent among them are defective stitches, improper construction of the
product, poor substance of leather, color mismatching and improper fittings.
Table 10: Weakness of footwear industries:
Weakness
Financial crisis
Weak marketing
Low volume of production
Uncompetitive product price
Financial Cris is
We ak M arke ting
Low volum e of
production
Uncom pe titive
product price
55
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
56
in the world. We only need to overcome of the weakness of the industry and can
make footwear industry as most prospective sector.
The following recommendations are suggested to boost-up the export
performance in leather goods sector:
Proper policies have to be developed to influence integration between finished
leather Producing Tanneries and footwear entrepreneurs to ensure supply of quality
finished leather at reasonable prices.
The Ministry of Education should constitute an expert committee to oversee
the actual development work in BCLT and lead to run this important and only
institution towards the benefit of the export oriented leather and footwear industry.
A centralized training center for skill development, R & D facilities to develop
new design is very much essential to boost export of footwear in the country.
Leather
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
goods
792
878
1104
1282
1383
1471
976
1529
1402
Leather
3022
3066
3104
3147
3189
3233
3276
3322
3368
Footwear
792
878
1104
1282
1383
1471
976
1529
1402
Total
4606
4822
5312
5711
5955
6175
5228
6380
6172
% of total
GDP
0.33
0.33
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.35
0.28
0.33
0.30
Source: BBS, 2000
57
Table 12: Average labour cost in Asia and South American Countries
Sl. No.
Country
US$/Hour
58
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Japan
Italy
South Korea/Taiwan
Brazil
Mexico
Indonesia
China/Vietnam
Bangladesh
24.00
14.00
6.00
1.50
0.80
0.45
0.30
0.20
Cow/buffalo/cattle
Goat/Sheep
Total number
Number of
Leather
(million piece)
leather
(million Sq.ft)
24.31
32.70
(million piece)
5.31
116.00
19.70
64.00
Source: Bureau of statistics, ITC, FAO.
No of
Production
Domestic
Available
Export
Unit
Total
uses
for
Earning
250
400
300m sft
47m sft
45m sft
---
export
128m sft
47m sft
Total
650
347m sft
Source: BSCIC-2005
45m sft
275m sft
Tannery
Footwear
Admin
Production
Total
(m US$)
256
235
3500
3200
24500
91600
28000
94000
491
6700
116100
122000
CHAPTER V
4.1. THE EUROPEAN FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY
4.1.a.
59
The use of leather has grown through the centuries in spite of there being
many imitations, it is now more popular today than ever before, much of this can be
contributed to its selling points.
Q2003
Share2003 Growth1993-2003
03/93
WORLD
7.077
100,00%
4,37%
4.837
CHINA
VIETNAM
ITALY
BRAZIL
INDONESIA
NIGERIA
THAILAND
SPAIN
MEXICO
TURKEY
4.475
385
305
190
165
160
140
130
85
85
63,23%
5,44%
4,31%
2,68%
2,33%
2,26%
1,98%
1,84%
1,20%
1,20%
7,05%
20,78%
-2,92%
0,78%
-3,72%
8,20%
-6,62%
1,71%
26,09%
11,07%
4.430
4
107
-47
95
-25
43
124
67
47
Source: BLSC
4.1.b THE FOOTWEAR IN EUROPE
The largest European importer of leather products in terms of value is
Germany; France, UK and Italy.
Fig: The
60
61
India, Pakistan, China and Thailand provide more direct competition for
Bangladesh and indication of the potential in different markets for products of a
quality which Bangladesh might realistically achieve within the next few years .
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value 2005
62
to
India
2001
2002
2003
2004
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
World
662,511
622,589
758,292
849,999
1,049,255
159,101
145,199
152,541
180,183
196,529
116,601
105,155
144,433
154,376
171,628
Italy
97,388
78,779
106,323
94,969
134,863
89,487
89,457
88,097
101,492
131,740
France
32,429
36,579
50,396
59,625
75,199
Ireland
Germany
Source: ITC
Supplier
China
Export
to
World
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value 2005
2001
2002
2003
2004
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
19,052,503
5,044,341
5,055,069
5,337,650
5,962,165
6,791,214
Japan
1,010,214
1,007,494
1,096,149
1,193,640
1,379,566
345,256
509,779
665,282
958,002
1,130,300
383,414
481,445
544,724
802,707
1,128,884
46,556
104,673
358,173
301,346
695,181
163,038
145,000
173,371
250,388
512,608
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
Source: ITC
4.2.c UK Footwear:
Exports 2001-2005
Supplier
Export
to
World
Ireland
697,772
661,420
690,901
773,415
844,733
152,251
151,245
199,440
237,357
260,614
63
Germany
39,865
44,030
63,659
97,017
124,150
France
62,182
64,955
59,055
64,246
75,082
Italy
42,741
45,426
49,089
53,661
56,270
Netherlands
32,609
29,171
46,560
46,090
50,129
Spain
21,061
25,239
47,651
48,000
47,936
Belgium
24,169
20,552
20,547
29,510
28,358
145,250
108,737
37,444
24,568
24,470
United States of
America
Source: ITC
Value
Value
Value
Value
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
806,018
702,576
693,623
650,866
726,828
Canada
189,261
179,000
183,989
201,874
219,570
Mexico
129,236
106,804
94,078
63,005
52,024
47,000
39,171
40,097
42,971
50,270
46,629
35,153
36,905
32,271
42,108
Export
Supplier
to
United States of
America
World
Source: ITC
Supplier
Canada
Export
to
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value 2005
2001
2002
2003
2004
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
World
145,818
151,318
141,584
158,789
200,768
137,531
145,202
130,908
145,719
184,408
1,801
1,008
590
2,158
2,677
Germany
679
692
1,623
1,696
2,602
Netherlands
934
598
676
734
1,666
64
Israel
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of
20
66
32
112
1,420
301
119
209
1,824
574
China
Source: ITC
Japan
Export
to
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value 2005
2001
2002
2003
2004
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
World
42,253
37,770
39,302
44,885
50,976
15,413
13,663
12,318
14,025
15,614
China
4,909
5,831
7,626
10,491
11,953
6,717
5,094
4,838
5,170
6,431
Korea, Republic of
4,212
5,308
6,262
5,474
5,837
1,124
1,104
1,137
1,345
2,093
Singapore
2,265
1,699
1,741
1,930
1,709
132
183
92
123
1,308
China
Italy
Source: ITC
Korea, Republic
of
Export
to
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value 2005
US$ '000
2001
2002
2003
2004
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
US$ '000
701,812
577,111
509,172
499,648
482,114
219,585
213,809
236,134
231,446
243,261
Viet Nam
56,908
54,997
52,340
69,964
78,909
96,377
64,494
43,069
44,273
40,798
137,000
81,990
54,017
49,344
40,050
Indonesia
21,255
16,584
9,989
8,638
12,375
17,778
15,753
9,791
12,499
9,943
World
China
Japan
of China
65
Source: ITC
Chemical test:
Physical test:
66
Relative high quality of hides and skins labor cost are low
Disadvantage
Footwear uppers.
67
Shoes and
Sales
Marketing
Quality
-Training on marketing
-Training for improving quality
-Information about quality requirement in
different markets.
Finance
Quantity
486519338
FOB
Value
2624.71
Unit value in
Rs.
54
%Share in
Export value
25.19%
54638894
2836.34
519
27.22%
33734884
1031.28
306
9.90%
6868115
56.98
83
0.55%
6549.31
62.86
Source: EPB
68
Address
Celebration Point, Plot # 3,5
Road # 113A, Gulshan-2, Dhaka
Jennys House, House # 6, Road # 68/A
Gulshan-2, Dhaka
House # 30, Road # 6, Sector 3
Uttara Model Town, Dhaka
Khan Mansion (5th Floor)
107, Motijheel C/A, Dhaka
64, Bijoynagar,
Kakrail, Dhaka
64, Bijoy Nagar (3rd Floor)
Kakrail, Dhaka
M/S Surma Leather & Footwear Ind. Corner Court, 29 Toynbee Circular Road
Ltd.
Motijheel C/A, Dhaka
M/S Bay Footwear Ltd.
Wasa Bhaban (3rd Floor)
Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka
Bangladesh Export Ltd.
24, Kamal Ataturk Avenue,
Banani, Dhaka
M/S Tropical Shoes Ind. Ltd.
A. R. Tower (3rd Floor)
24, Kamal Ataturk Avenue, Banani
M/S H. N. Shoes Ltd.
House # 69, Road # 8/A
Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka
M/S Apex Leathercraft Fashion &
House # 20 (Gr. Floor) Lane # 4, DOHS
Accessories Ltd.
Baridhara, Dhaka
M/S Madina Shoe Industries Ltd.
Suit # 1204, Baitul Hossain Building
27, Dilkusha C/A, Dhaka-1000
M/S Leatherex Footwear Ind. Ltd.
House # 34/A, Road # 10/A
Dhanmondi R/A. Dhaka
M/S Sonali Aansh Industries Ltd.
Lal Bhaban, 18 Rajuk Avenue
Dhaka
Phone
8828258
8821591
8826350
8824885
9804046
9567312
9569458
8319663
9338369
8312626
9557913
9558790
9661134
8815142
8815144
8815142
8815144
8111526
9111209
9883926
9667745
8112543
9129192
9556251
9563322
69
CONCLUSION
The export earnings from leather products have increased significantly.
Footwear sector has the potentiality of earning a huge amount of foreign exchange
to develop our country economy as well. Globalization has made the market
competitive .Nevertheless, availability of raw materials; lowest labor can draw extra
advantages for Bangladesh footwear export. With the arrangements of quality raw
materials, well trained workforce in management, marketing toward global aspect,
pollution free separate leather state, common facility centre for SMEs, leather board
and leather research institute are the factors to get the highest feedback from this
sector.
Bangladesh needs entrepreneurs for this developing sector. It is a fact that
lack of expert is a unique problem for this sector. On the other hand, B.Sc in
footwear technology, the new subject and the first addition in Bangladesh College of
Leather Technology may be the possible solution to get a way to develop the sector
in a significant way.
Footwear Technologist will be able to improve the footwear sector with their
innovation and technology.
After completion of my thesis work, it is crystal clear that footwear
department has its drawbacks
technologist not only but all over the world by the dint of globalization.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SATRA Bulletin
SLC
world footwear
Publications of DILF-2000-2006
Indian leather-2010