Algebra Chapter 02
Algebra Chapter 02
Algebra Chapter 02
Algebra
Algebra has helped people unlock some of the secrets of the universe.
Algebraic skills are fundamental to solving equations. Many natural
phenomena, such as rainbows (caused by the diffraction of light in
raindrops), reflections in water or mirrors, and sound waves, can be
explained and described using algebra and equations.
Wordbank
Think!
The speed (in km/h) of a car after t seconds is given by the expression
100 6t. Is the speed of the car increasing or decreasing? Can you
calculate the speed of the car after 7 seconds? What is the cars speed after
10 seconds?
ALGE B R A
41
CHAPTER 2
Start up
Worksheet
2-01
Brainstarters 2
b
e
h
k
2 Simplify:
a 9 2xy
d 5m 10m
b 3 2w2
e 8y2 y
c 6a 2p
f 3a 5ac
9y 9
7ab + 2ab
18ay + 2ay
9m2 5m 3m2
c
f
i
l
8ab + 2ab
16 + xy + 10
x + 5x + 5
2p2q + 4pq2 7p2q
3 Simplify:
a
16a
--------4
b 8xy 2x
c 20abc 5c
3ay
--------6
e 12a2 (2a)
b 6p
c 9p
3p
-----4
b 27
c 9x
40abc 2
-----------------8ac
12 + 2p
d 16ab
c 24 and 27
f 20 and 4y
i 20ab2 and 8c
7 Evaluate:
Skillsheet
2-01
Algebraic
expressions
Worksheet
2-03
Generalised
arithmetic
3
--5
2
--3
9
-----10
5
--8
1
--4
2
--5
1
--3
7
--8
5
--8
----- 10
2
--3
3
-----10
5
--3
9
-----
13
5
--6
3
--5
20
Generalised arithmetic
In arithmetic we use symbols to represent numbers when we know their value. These symbols
are called numerals.
42
N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3
5+9
------------ .
2
a+b
------------ .
2
Worksheet
2-02
Investigating
patterns in
number
problems
43
CHAPTER 2
Exercise 2-01
Skillsheet
2-02
Algebra using
diagrams
CAS
2-01
Collecting like
terms
SkillBuilder
8-058-06
Introductory
algebra
c 13 + 4y
g 9y3 + 2y2
k 8xy xy 2yx
b 3a + 10 a
e 9ac + 2a + ac
h 3ay + 8y + ay
d 7a + 2a a
h 13n + 2n n
l 8e2f + 2fe2
c 7m + 5y 2m
f 7xy + 5 + xy
i x 6 5x
c
f
i
l
o
r
7p + 8h 6p h
12y 5k + 3y 4k
5a + 3f 7a 4f
4ab + 3q 5ba 7q
m ab 3m + 2ab
4a2 6y 10y 5a2
9c
p+2
2a
2p 1
40h
5c
41h
6a
4a
2p
4c
9h
2p 1
f
2x y
p+4
x+4
3p + 5
3x
44
N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3
y+x+1
3m
E
A
3n
u+t
A
3u + 2t
5n
m
F
B
D
ut
F
2u + 5t
8 The perimeter of each shape is (4a + 2c) units. Find the length of the side AB.
B
a+c+2
2a + c
Worksheet
2-04
Perimeter and
area
a+1
a+c
C
Example 1
Simplify:
a 5 10y
Solution
a 5 10y = 50y
b 2y 4w
c 5ab ac
b 2y 4w = 8yw
c 5ab ac = 5a2bc
Example 2
Simplify:
a a2b 4ab
b 27cf (3fc)
c 5p2 15p
d 18xy2 10yx2
ALGE B R A
45
CHAPTER 2
Solution
a a2b 4ab =
=
1 1
aab
--------------------4ab
1 1
a
--4
b 27cf (3fc) =
=
-9 1 1
27 c f
-----------------------3 f c
1 1 1
9
-----1
= 9
c 5p2 15p =
=
1
1
5pp
---------------------15 p
3
1
d 18xy2 10yx2 =
=
p
--3
9 1
1
18 x y y
--------------------------------10 y x x
5 1
1
9y
-----5x
Example 3
Simplify:
4x + 9x2 3x.
Solution
Use the rule for the order of operations when simplifying.
a 4x + 9x2 3x = 4x +
3
1
9x x
--------------3x
1 1
= 4x + 3x
= 7x
Exercise 2-02
Example 1
Example 2
9x 2
3y 2q
4n 2d
3x 4y (5k)
6t 3t 2
3a2d 2d
46
N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3
c
g
k
o
s
w
c
f
i
l
o
r
24a 6a
16a (4)
5m2 m
9yx2 18xy
9m3 12m4
8a2c 12abc2
4 2m 3
5y 2y
6p (4p)
5r (2r) (3)
4hk 3k
5m2n 3mn
d
h
l
p
t
x
9mk 3m
25ab (5b)
28c2f 4cf
4ab 12a
25ab2 15a2b3
8mp2 9m2p
Example 3
c
f
i
l
o
6xy 3 5xy
m 2m 5
(11ac + ac) (6a 2c)
9y 8a 2y 4a
2g g 15g3 5g
CAS
2-02
Multiplying and
dividing
expressions
b
2d
2k
4p
3c
4k
3a
Worksheet
2-05
Bits and pieces
6y
Worksheet
2-04
Perimeter and
area
c
w
2m
5d
2w
6k
2m
2m
4y
3t
ALGE B R A
47
Worksheet
2-06
Tables of values
CHAPTER 2
Using technology
Substitution
A spreadsheet can be used to evaluate an algebraic expression for different values of variables.
Step 1: To nd the value of P = x2 + 3x 2 for ten values of x, set up your spreadsheet as
follows:
A
=A2^2+A2*32
=A2+1
Step 2: Using Fill Down, copy the formulas down to A12 and B12.
Step 3: Print out your spreadsheet and paste it in your workbook.
Example 4
If t = 4, c = 2 and h = 5, nd the value of each of the following:
c 3t 2
a 2h c + t
b h2 + c2
Solution
2h c + t
= 2 5 (2) + 4
= 16
h2 + c2
= 52 + (2)2
= 29
3t 2
= 3 42
= 3 16
= 48
Example 5
If E = mgh, nd E when m = 10, g = 9.8 and h = 23.4.
Solution
E = mgh
= 10 9.8 23.4
= 2293.2
Exercise 2-03
Example 4
CAS
2-03
Substituting into
an expression
xy
----------w
when:
a x = 40, y = 5, w = 15
c x = 6, y = 12, w = 3
3 Find the value of abc2 when:
a a = 12, b = 3, c = 1--6
c a = 3, b = 10, c = 0
48
c p = 5, q = 8
N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3
b x = 8, y = 10, w = 2
d x = 15, y = 9, w = 10
b a = 5, b = 2, c = 1
d a = 3--- , b = 1--- , c = 4
4
1
--- ,
2
t = 10
b p = 4, q = 2, t = 1
d p = 1--- , q = 2--- , t =
3
-----3
5 Evaluate:
a
a
--c
c
--d
b xyw2 when x = 2, y =
c
ya
----------xb
1
-----,
4
w = 2
when y = 8, a = 12, x = 6, b = 2
p+n
-----------m
mn + p
g 5n + 3p
5m2
k m2 + p 4n
c 3(p + r + q)
d 2p 3q
pr2
(3 r)2
1
--- pqr
2
p
r
--- + --q
q
q2
qr
----p
Worksheet
2-07
Substitution
puzzle
d m2 n2
2q
m+n+p
p
------------nm
h (p + q)2 r2
pr
----------q
Example 5
2
1
--- h(a
2
Working mathematically
Communicating and reasoning: Grouping symbols and areas
Consider the rectangle below, which has length (r + t) units and breadth 3 units.
1 Write an expression for the area of the rectangle.
2 The rectangle has been divided into two smaller
rectangles, A and B. The lengths of A and B are r units
and t units respectively, and the breadth of both is
3 units. Write the area of A and B in simplest form.
r
3
t
B
49
CHAPTER 2
4 Since the area of the whole rectangle is the same as the sum of the areas of A and B, we
can write 3(r + t) = 3r + 3t. Notice that each term inside the grouping symbols is
multiplied by the term outside the grouping symbols.
Repeat this process for rectangles with the following measurements:
a length x + y and breadth 7
b length 3 + k and breadth 4
c length a + b and breadth c
(Compare your results with those of other students.)
5 Use the rectangle shown to help you simplify the area of A, 4(3 k).
3k
Example 6
Expand each of the following:
a 5(3 d)
b a(3 + 2a)
c 5f(2f + 3)
Solution
a
5(3 d)
=535d
= 15 5d
a(3 + 2a)
= a 3 + a 2a
= 3a + 2a2
Example 7
Expand each of the following:
a 3g(2 + 5g)
b 4(3 5x)
Solution
a
3g(2 + 5g)
= 3g 2 + (3g) 5g
= 6g + (15g2)
= 6g 15g2
4(3 5x)
= 4 3 (4) 5x
= 12 (20x)
= 12 + 20x
Example 8
Expand each of the following expressions:
a (7 + 3w)
b (h 2m)
Solution
a
50
(7 + 3w)
= 1(7 + 3w)
= 1 7 + (1) 3w
= 7 + (3w)
= 7 3w
(h 2m)
= 1(h 2m)
= 1 h (1) 2m
= h (2m)
= h + 2m
N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3
5f(2f + 3)
= 5f 2f + 5f 3
= 10f 2 + 15f
Example 9
Expand and simplify:
a 5(1 + 2k) 7k
c 6(1 2c) 2(3c + 1)
b 4(x + 3) + 5(2x 7)
d 3p(p 4) 2p(4p 5)
Solution
5(1 + 2k) 7k
= 5 1 + 5 2k 7k
= 5 + 10k 7k
= 5 + 3k
c
6(1 2c) 2(3c + 1)
= 6 1 6 2c 2 3c + (2) 1
= 6 12c 6c 2
= 4 18c (or 18c + 4)
4(x + 3) + 5(2x 7)
= 4 x + 4 3 + 5 2x 5 7
= 4x + 12 + 10x 35
= 14x 23
d
3p(p 4) 2p(4p 5)
= 3p p 3p 4 2p 4p 2p (5)
= 3p2 12p 8p2 + 10p
= 5p2 2p
Exercise 2-04
Example 6
b
e
h
k
4(1 3b)
m(n + p)
4(8 7f )
7(2p 3m)
c
f
i
l
4(3k + 5)
5(1 2w)
3k(k 2w)
4n(3n + 5y)
b
e
h
k
5(4f + 3)
w(2w 5)
8(2d + 3)
p(2p + p2)
c
f
i
l
2(2m + c)
7(5 a)
4r(r 5y)
2v(3 7n + 3r)
CAS
2-04
Expanding
expressions
Example 7
Example 8
c (3f + 5)
f (6n 1)
i (10 5q)
Example 9
b
e
h
k
n
3(1 5y) + 6y
8 5(2d 7)
5(t + 4) + 3(t + 2)
4(2m + 5) 2(m + 4)
8(3c + 1) 5(2c 3)
c
f
i
l
o
4(m + 3n) + 2n
12p 4(1 3p)
2(3v + 1) + 5(v + 7)
5(6 + d) 4(3d + 1)
2(1 8w) 3(1 2w)
b
e
h
k
n
2w(3w + 2) w(3w + 4)
5v(2v + 3) 2v(3v 4)
m(m 3) m(2m + 4)
2(1 + 2h) (1 5h)
3f(5f + 2) 4f(2f 1)
c
f
i
l
o
4r(2r + 1) 5r(r + 2)
2a(4a 1) 3a(2a 5)
4e(1 2e) e(3e + 4)
7r(1 2r) (3r 4)
3b(1 4b) + 2(8b 4)
b 3(2k 5) + 7
e 2(h + 3) + 3(h 4)
c 2(3r + 2) 9r
f 5x 3x(2 x)
ALGE B R A
51
CHAPTER 2
g 1 4(s 1)
j 4(e + 3) 3(3e 4)
m 3(4 2y) + 2(5 2y)
h 3 (4 7e)
k 5(2 b) (b + 1)
n 8g 3(1 2g) + 5
i 5q 2(3 2q) + 5
l 4(3d e) 2(d + 3e)
o t(t + h) + h(t + h)
7 a The prot D, in dollars, is given by the expression 5(3d + 1) 2(2d 1). Simplify this
expression.
b The prot P, in dollars, for selling ice creams is 1.55(4n 1) + 0.85(n + 1), where n is the
number of ice creams sold.
Skillbank 2
SkillTest
2-01
Multiplying by
9, 99 or 199
SkillBuilder
7-057-17
Factors
99 85
= 85 (100 1)
= 85 100 85 1
= 8500 85
= 8415
12 199
= 12 (200 1)
= 12 200 12 1
= 2400 12
= 2388
45 99
8 199
28 99
55 99
c
f
i
l
9 76
14 199
9 895
199 18
Factors
A factor is a number or algebraic expression that divides evenly into another whole number
or algebraic expression.
For example, 5 is a factor of 30 (because 30 5 = 6), and 4p is a factor of 20pw (because
20pw 4p = 5w).
The relationship between products and factors is shown below.
5 2 = 10, so we say that 5 and 2 are factors of 10.
1 10 = 10, so 1 and 10 are also factors of 10.
The factors of 10 are 1, 2, 5, 10.
5a ay = 5a2y, so 5a and ay are factors of 5a2y.
5y a2 = 5a2y, so 5y and a2 are also factors of 5a2y.
5a2 y = 5a2y, so 5a2 and y are also factors of 5a2y.
The factors of 5a2y are 1, 5a2y, 5, a2y, a, 5ay, 5a, ay, 5a2, y, 5y, a2.
52
N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3
8y + 20
Factorise
(insert brackets)
Common factors
A common factor is a number that is a factor of two or more numbers or algebraic expressions.
For example, 3k is a factor of both 15k2 and 30kh (because 15k2 3k = 5k, and 30kh 3k = 10h).
The rst step in factorising an algebraic expression is to determine the highest common factor
(HCF) of the terms in the expression.
Example 10
Skillsheet
2-03
HCF by
factor trees
Solution
a The HCF of 5t and 10 is 5.
5t + 10 = 5 t + 5 2
(rewriting the expression using the HCF)
= 5(t + 2)
b The HCF of 24x2 and 16xy is 8x.
24x2 16xy = 8x 3x 8x 2y
= 8x(3x 2y)
Example 11
Factorise each of the following:
b 5y2 25y
a 3m + 9
Solution
Exercise 2-05
1 Factorise each of these fully:
a 9m + 12
b 3t + 6
Example 10
c 4w 12
d 6k 24
ALGE B R A
53
CHAPTER 2
CAS
2-05
Factorising
expressions
Skillsheet
2-04
Factorising using
diagrams
Example 11
e 20c + 15
i 15 + 20p
m 18g + 27
f 9k 27
j 10 + 12t
n 16w 8
g 16 24w
k 24y 30
o 9v + 33
h 12e + 18
l 2q 22
p 28 21t
mn 3m
x2 + x
d 2 + 8d
5n2 20n
c
g
k
o
d
h
l
p
c
f
i
l
o
6p + pr
5 5q
3e2 + 6e
7g + 9g2
4m2h2 4m
18abc + 24ab
9a2y + 15y2
8wxh + 4x2h
9ef 12e + 6f 2
c 3g + 6
g 20e 15
k ap + aq
d 18w + 12
h 18n 21
l 24xy 16x
c 4y 16
d tr t
g 9 3w
k 9xy2 + 12xy
16k2t 2
1 2
--- x
4
+ 4kt
1--- xy
4
10ab + 20a
3
--- k
4
1--- kt
4
1
--- p
2
+ 1--- q
2
24m2 + 6m
c t 2m + tm2 + tm
f c(a + b) d(a + b)
i 5a(x y) + 10ay(x y)
Example 12
Simplify each of the following:
a
r
--3
r
--3
3y
-----5
4y
-----5
p
--8
5
--8
Solution
r
--3
a
=
54
r
--3
3y
-----5
b
=
2r
----3
p
--8
5
--8
p5
-----------8
N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3
4y
-----5
3m
------10
7y
-----5
7m
------10
4m
------10
2m
------5
7m
------10
3m
------10
If the denominators are not the same when adding or subtracting fractions, then we must convert
them so that the fractions have a common (the same) denominator. A quick way of nding a
common denominator is to multiply the denominators of both fractions together.
Example 13
Simplify each of the following:
k
--3
k
--2
3h
-----4
2h
-----5
5m
------8
2m
------3
2m
------3
3 5m
----------------38
15m
---------24
2a
-----3
3
--4
2a
-----3
33
-----------34
9
-----12
9 + 8a
--------------12
3
--4
Solution
+
k
--3
a
=
2k
-----------23
2k
-----6
5k
-----6
k
--2
2h
-----5
5 3h
--------------54
15h
--------20
23h
--------20
3h
-----4
b
3k
-----------32
3k
-----6
5m
------8
c
4 2h
--------------45
8h
-----20
8 2m
----------------83
16m
---------24
------24
4 2a
--------------43
8a
-----12
Example 14
Simplify
4
--c
7
------ .
3c
Solution
7
-----3c
34
-----------3c
12
-----3c
5
-----3c
4
--c
7
-----3c
7
-----3c
Example 15
Simplify each of the following:
a 5a 4c + 3--- c
4
7a
-----2
m+3
------------5
m2
------------4
Solution
5a 4c + 3--- c
= 5a
=
=
=
=
7a
-----2
3
--- c
4
7a
------ 4c +
2
10a
7a
16c
3c
--------- ------ --------- + -----2
2
4
4
10a 7a
3c 16c
--------------------- + --------------------2
4
13 c
3a
------ + ----------2
4
3a
13c
------ --------2
4
b
=
=
=
=
=
m+3
m2
------------- ------------5
4
4 (m + 3)
5 (m 2)
--------------------------- --------------------------45
54
5(m 2)
4(m + 3)
---------------------- --------------------20
20
4(m + 3) 5(m 2)
------------------------------------------------20
4m + 12 5m + 10
---------------------------------------------20
22 m
---------------20
ALGE B R A
55
CHAPTER 2
Exercise 2-06
Example 12
CAS
2-06
Adding and
subtracting
algebraic
fractions
Example 13
e
i
m
f
j
n
5k
3k
------ + -----8
8
5
2
------ -----3d
3d
10 y
7y
--------- -----3h
3h
5u
3u
------ -----8g
8g
c
g
k
o
7m
2m
------- ------10
10
4r
r
----- ---w
w
6
5
--- --a
a
1
4
------ -----9f
9f
d
h
l
p
x
2x
--- -----3
3
2
--- + 5--c
c
4
6
------------ + -----------e+1
e+1
7e
3e
------ -----8
8
x
x
--- + --3
4
w
w
---- + ---4
5
3c
c
------ --2
5
3
2a
--- + -----4
7
b
f
j
n
s
s
--- --3
7
5t
2t
----- + ----4
5
2d
r
------ --4
5
a
b
--- + --2
3
c
g
k
o
h
h
--- --5
3
2p
p
------ + --5
3
2a
3h
------ + -----3
5
7e
2e
------ -----8
3
5
2
------- ---4m
m
2
4
--- + -----5a
a
3
8
------ + -----5d
3d
h
l
p
m
m
---- ---7
2
5r
5r
----- ----2
3
5
4w
--- + ------6
5
3
4k
--- + -----5
3
Example 15
Example 14
w
2w
---- + ------4
4
4
5
--- + --q
q
4t
s
----- + --3
3
p
3
--- + --z
z
2
-----3p
4
------5m
a
------4m
+
+
5
--p
1
---m
b
---m
b
f
j
4
3
--- -----k
2k
8
5
--- -----x
3x
7
3
------ -----8y
2y
c
g
k
h
l
10
-----3y
k
-----4c
2a
-----w
7
--y
2
--c
c
------4w
4 Simplify:
a 5k
d
g
j
m
p
s
k
--3
+ 2m
b 3y 2m
m
---4
y+3
y1
------------ + ----------4
3
m+6
m+2
------------- ------------5
3
m1
m2
------------- + ------------4
3
1m
m2
------------- ------------5
7
8 3x
2x + 5
--------------- --------------2
3
x1
x2
x3
----------- + ----------- + ----------2
3
4
e
h
k
n
q
t
2y
-----5
m
---3
3h
4k
------ 2k + 5h -----4
5
5t
7e
----- + 8e 3t -----4
2
2k + 1
k1
--------------- ----------3
2
9 2k
k5
--------------- ----------3
2
x
x+2
2x
--- + ------------ + -----3
5
4
r1
r4
r2
----------- ----------- ----------2
5
3
c
f
i
l
o
r
u
x+2
x
--- + -----------3
5
x1
x2
----------- + ----------4
5
k+3
k1
------------ ----------10
7
3x 1
2x 9
--------------- --------------4
5
2m + 5
m1
----------------- ------------4
9
w+1
3w
w1
------------- + ------- ------------7
2
5
y+7
y
------------ --- + 2y
2
3
56
N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3
Example 16
Simplify each of the following:
3
--d
4
--c
4
--k
3k
-----16
4
--k
3k
----16
5
----2r
8r
-----11
Solution
3
--d
4
--c
34
-----------dc
4
--1k
12
-----cd
3
--4
3k
-----16
5
----2r
8r
-----11
4
8r
= ---5- ---2r
1
11
20
-----11
9
= 1 ----11
Example 17
Simplify each of the following:
3
--h
4
--k
xy
----5
3x
-----25
Solution
a
=
=
3
--h
4
--k
3
--h
k
--4
xy
----5
3x
-----25
5
xy 25
- ----= --1
3k
-----4h
3x
1
5y
-----3
Exercise 2-07
Example 16
w
---3
1
--2
s
--5
t
--4
3
--h
5
-----6k
4
---m
1
--v
2
-----3v
2
--x
3
--x
a
--b
c
--d
5p
-----4
d
--e
e
--g
4
-----ak
2
--3
9u
-----10
u
--3
h
--8
q
--4
5m
------n
3e
-----7g
3a
-----5k
l
--3
5
--f
4ad
---------9
3
--u
3z
----r
2r
--------9dz
3
--4
3y
-----5
2y
-----d
2m
------3n
h
--k
e
--------14g
xh
-----5
3h
-----15
5s
----2
3s
----7
3
--n
8
--------15 p
CAS
2-07
Multiplying and
dividing
algebraic
fractions
d
--------16a
r
--2
4t
----9
8w
------3x
r
--5
3t
----5
2w
------9x
m
---6
n
--3
h
--2
3
--e
5
--e
3
-----2a
-----
3s
t
--3
6s
-----11
b
-----6a
3t
-----5u
Example 17
k
--h
3p
-----2
p
----4
2w
------7
xy
----z
5
--y
a
--b
5w
------6
c
--b
c
b
-----3a
8y
-----5
g 5
3
----------2
32 y
3
-----5b
s
--3
4t
----9
ALGE B R A
57
CHAPTER 2
Worksheet
2-08
Algebraic
fractions
puzzle
5mn
----------2d
5ty
-------k
4d
-----n
1
-------------15mn
5ky
--------t
5p
6
--r
7
-----------10 pt
15
-----yh
5r
----9
5
-----2g
6cf
--------q
2
--g
5
-----qf
10c
--------a
7
--h
1
-----3h
5hk 2
-----------3
14
15
-----hk
6h
-----k3
Power plus
1 For each of the following patterns, nd:
i the next three terms
ii the rule for the pattern
iii the value of the 20th term.
a 3, 5, 7, 9,
b 7, 3, 1, 5,
2 The cost of several tennis racquets totals $27rq. If one racquet costs $9q, how many tennis
racquets were purchased?
3 Pencils cost m cents each and erasers costs n cents each. If 40 pencils and 50 erasers are
bought, nd:
a the total cost in cents
b the total cost in dollars.
4 Find the average score of a cricketer whose scores in six innings are 6r, 2r + 8, r 5, 2r, r 5
and 3r.
5 A rectangular garden has its longer sides each 5 m longer than its shorter sides.
a If one side length is k metres, write two expressions for the other side length.
b Write two different expressions for the gardens perimeter.
6 The area of a rectangle is 20ab square units.
10a
r
---------- ,
2t
when r = 3 and t = 7
b (5t)2, when t = 3
d x2 4y2, when x =
f
h
p +q
4
-----------e+1
6
-----------e+1
5
-----3v
2
-----4v
r+3
----------4
2r
----5
8
--------------3x 3
1
--------------2x 2
4w
--------------------3(w + 1)
58
5
----------x1
N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3
and y = 1
8 Simplify:
1
--2
2
----------1x
2w
-----------------------27 ( w + 1 )
Worksheet
2-09
Algebra
crossword
Language of maths
algebra
difference
factor
product
relationship
algebraic expression
evaluate
factorise
pronumeral
simplify
brackets
expand
like
quotient
substitute
consecutive
expressions
pattern
reciprocal
variable
Topic overview
Rate your understanding of and ability with the work in this chapter by copying and
completing the following scales. Draw an arrow on each scale to indicate your rating.
a Able to add and subtract like terms, and multiply and divide simple algebraic expressions.
Low
0
Worksheet
2-10
Algebra review
High
1
High
1
High
1
High
1
High
1
ALGE B R A
59
CHAPTER 2
High
1
Copy and complete this overview. If necessary, refer to the double-page opening of the chapter
and also to the Language of maths section for key words.
Patterns
, ,
3, 6, 9,
pattern rules
Grouping symbols
Four operations
2a + 3a
like terms
5a 3a
4k 2m
4a
4a 5 =
5
expand
2(x + 7)
4a=?
ALGEBRA
Substitution
2a, when a = 3
=23
=
5m2, when m = 2
= 5 22
=
60
2x + 14
factorise
N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3
Algebraic fractions
a 2a
3
3
4k
k
3
2
a
b
3 2
a 1
b 2
Generalised
arithmetic
sum
increase
product
quotient
subtract
Chapter 2
Review
Topic test
Chapter 2
Ex 2-01
4km 7mk
4w 5 + 2w
5w + 7f 2w 3f
7 2p + 3 + 5p
4a2b + 5ab + 3a2b 2b
3yk + 8ky
8x2 3x 5x2
12d + 5 7d + 4
6xy 5 4xy 2
5t 2 3k 7t 2 5k
c
f
i
l
o
Ex 2-02
c a 3d
g 36a 6
k 8cd 2 4cd
d 3 2r
h 15t 5t
l 15abc 20bcd
b 5a
--------------b
Ex 2-03
d a(a b)
2b 2 5a
--------------------2a
h b(1 b)
Ex 2-04
c 2(4 + 5k)
f 2m(4 3m)
i 5a(a 3t)
b
d
f
h
j
l
n
c 3g 27
g 8a 4
Ex 2-04
8 + 4(1 3p)
5(6m 1) 9
4(2q + 1) + 3(4q + 5)
7r(r + 1) 2r(1 3r)
3m2 + 2m(1 2m) + 5m
4e(4 3e) e(6e 1)
x(x + k) x(x k)
Ex 2-05
d 12x + 8 16a
h 5y 25ay
h
--6
4h
-----6
4k
-----3
3y + 1
--------------5
6g 2k
n 2h
k
--2
y4
----------2
3g
-----7
2h + 1
--------------3
Ex 2-06
11k
--------8
5
-----2d
8
-----------c+5
7k
-----8
4
--d
5
-----------------3c + 15
2k
-----3
h2
-----------5
7
---m
5
---m
x+3
-----------4
x+5
-----------2
k 2d
d
--3
+ 5m
c+3
-----------4
c1
----------5
2w + 3
---------------5
r
r
--- --4
5
ab
5a
------ -----6
2
w
---4
2w
------5
m1
------------3
m2
------------4
3m
------4
+c
w1
------------2
5
---m
a
--b
4--t
a
--b
b
g
h
--k
m
---5
3--k
5m
-------10d
Ex 2-07
c
h
14
9y
------ -----3y
2d
4
12
--- -----x
xp
ab
-----8
5
--v
5
-----------p2
2
--v
ALGE B R A
3p 6
--------------45
61
CHAPTER 2