E. A. Sonnenschein - Ora Maritima
E. A. Sonnenschein - Ora Maritima
E. A. Sonnenschein - Ora Maritima
A MARITIMA
N STORY B}R BEGINNERS
EA. SOnNENSCHEIN.D. IJrT.
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ORA
MARITIMA
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ORA MARITIMA
A LATIN
S O N N E N S C H E N, D. Litt., Oxon.
I
University ok Birmingham
Natura non
facit
saltum
EDITION
SIXTH
LONDON
SVVAN SONNENSCHEIN &
CO.,
LIMD.
PA
ZD o'0
I9
FILIIS
0C]
METS TRIBUS
D.
D.
PATER ET PRAECEPTOR
The
and Jiily,
1906.
1902;
PREFACE
My
apology for
which
satisfies the
importance
What
1.
desiderate
is
syntactical
interests
and
in existence
its
styhstic difficulties
work which
and too
Httle
opinion,
existing
is
no book
is
the matter
in
of systematic grammar.
In
my
oilifekss Accidence.
The outcome
little
such as Ablatives in
a,
e,
all
t\
real
'La.iin
That
Latin.
these forms.
those
all
easiest of
something of a problem.
I/atin authors
amount
minds and
that there
appealing in respect of
2.
is
requirements which
is
the forms of
o, u,
to
say,
he acquires a
^rd Persons in
af, et,
it,
and so
"What
vital
words.
just
is
as
The
real
well
learned from
for instance,
And
furiher,
to
run over
can be
all
llie
all
the
PREFACE
vl.
all
piipil
doubt
is
No
all.
all
is
attacked.
Hltle difficulty in
book
the present
of
In
sum and of
some oftheforms of
Passive which are made up wilh
Enghsh)
amount of Accidence
but in connexion
witli
this
which
simple rules.
my
It
guidance
is
in this
my hope
book
that teachers
will
agree with
who
me
trust
The
away.
read
and
pupil
who
themselves to
not thrown
some degree
of
whom
it
goes
"hoUdays
" will
and the
is
talk
it
is
meant.
The
picture which
it
"
for "iustitia,"
" modestia," " temperantia," and the other abstract ideas which
Vocabulary
'"The
abstraclions."\. SlDGWlCK.
have kept
my
o/
PREFACE
topics of purely
sections of the
vocabulary
is
worth saying
modern
book
interest,
Caesarian.
it is
relatively large
is
to
be
said,
from
vii.
such as bicycles
The number
and a
large proportion of
my
if
anything
words have
this,
in the later
of words in the
and
is
an
essential
a task eminently
it is
have
But
wish
is
it
its
to be
being
Grammar
which
it is
memory
training of the
vowels
in
vocabulary.
But
memory
the
in
If a
warning
is
condit,
e.g.
t])is
kind,
it
will
be found
many
of the
one
lesson,
circumstances.
will
for
up, according to
PREFACE
viii.
It is
may
book
first
my
hne
in
side
My
due
to
Lord Avebury
for
permission to
it
penny.
E. A. S.
BlRMlNGHAM,
November, igo8.
The
me
since
my
Preface was
but
it
'
reality
210.
Dec,
1901.
CONTENTS
Pagb
Newer Metiiods
in
TEXT.
I.
OrA MARiriMA
Present Indicative of
sum and of
the
Conjugation
II.
Patruus
meus
III.
Monumenta
IV.
Delectamenta puerorum
V.
Magister
antiqua
noster
2nd Declension
in -us
2nd Declension
in
Britannia
antiqua
um
23
26
28
Hke magister
VI.
ist
30
words
-
-32
Mixed forms
of ist and
2nd Declension, with
ative
the
ist
sum and
(Active Voice)
VII.
Vestigia
Romanorum
The
of
Conjugation
-
33
other Tenses of
the
Indicative
of
38
CONTENTS
viii.
.^rd
Declcnsion-
43
Pax violata
X. Certamina varia
XI. Naves Romanae
XII. Gentium Britannicarum
IX.
Societas
45
46
48
49
Britannia
51
pacata
Recapitulation of
Declension
XVI.
Adjectives
of
Declension
Drill,
^rd
-
55
59
APPENDICES
How to translate
I.
II. How to translate
Gerund
Enghsh Prepositions
LA IN-ENGLISH VOCABULARV
1
3;
138
MS
"
NEWER METHODS
IN
THE
TEACHING OF LATIN
We are
school are
in
now
fain
to
admit.
Grammar
has
its
proper place
place
is
but that
steps
of
The
text.
though
it
is
from extinct
rules of the
is
game
its
rigour,
it.
grammar
Extracted
fmm
an
best
article contributed to
text.
But
NEWER METHODS
12
it
is
between the
difference
new school
earlier
new method.
the
IN
was
they plunged
that
the
the
first
pupil
zealots of the
without
pre-
paration into the reading of what were called " easy passages,"
but
with a
bristUng
still
vengeance
but
it
multitude
heterogeneous
of
and constructions.
forms
with a
"
even
for the
For what
the object of
is
grammar
is
unless to
make
the facts of a
an
step in as
aid,
Here
not an obstacle,
to
understanding.
What
which
text
is
stage of learning.
What
On
is
the ordinary
distinguished
conversation
representative of the
Neuere
Richtung admitted
in
with the present writer some years ago that the teaching of
French out of his own book was " Ilundesarbeit " (Aorj^-work.)
"
NEWER METHODS
then
"
AU
author.
tends
his
"
and
sentences,
say
after
will
while
the
of easy
wrlting
Gradatim
I3
grammatical
This
horizon.
immense improvement on
is,
any case,
in
an
of the
avoid
also
" Henry's
of
error
the
Latin
First
which
Book,"
pennyworth of
text
to
easy
sentences
For
sidering.
all
from
the
method we
of
very
are con-
liminary study of
grammar
The
They have
study.
to
always
in
doses which are too large for digestion, and the pupil has meanwhile been encouraged to form a bad habit of mind.
Half know-
Sixth
Form boy
shaky
in his
special effort,
But
still
more
though
serious
in
is
some
out understanding.
respects he
may be
good
scholar.
The
mind by
this
method of grammar
with-
NEWER METIIODS
I.}
agricold^ "
by or with a farmer
the English in
is
its
"
meaning
strictly
those meanings
it
some context
for
"to a table"
or other they
must have
is
been the victim of a practical joke. Some boys never see the fun
in other words, they never learn the syntax of
to the bitter end
;
the Cases at
all.
method
of this
And where
The
pupil
is
But what
if
the interest
the
would be presented as
is
involved in
wanled, in an
interesting context,
table " or
"
sometimes
by
{i.e.
near) a table
but
way, the others would not need so elaborate a treatment. But still
the old rulc of " festina lente " would warn the teacher not to im-
pose too great a burden on the young or even the adult beginner
ir
i3
no
light
task
to
nieanings, vocabulary,
learn
simultaneously forms
and
their
facts of syntax.
It
NEWER METHODS
liminary
grammar might be
traveller
by
travels
rail
IN
The
method.
fast,
15
through which he
shortest
spent at
grammar
similarities
to
if
English
words,
is
of their
feeUng
own
using
more than a
is
which
It is surprising
all
is
He
things.
the
in
an
forming his
habituated
gradually loses
single declension of
new
to present obvious
to ordinary
mastery.*
AU
accord.
language
the
for
acquired
eminently within
a task
and
is
are chosen so as
they
mind
vocabulary
fair
especially
wc.rds,
is
wiihout effort
The
when
value
Such a book as
have
in
AU
Latin authors
as
they
stand,
are
may
add,
*One
not
well
far
too
difficult
also,
to
I
method, especially
is
for
that
learners
it
who
are
lends itself to
acquiring the "art of reading Latin" (as distinct from the art of consiruing il),
to use Prof.
W.
G. Hale's phrase
i,cxx>
verbs of the
first
NEWER METHODS
l6
IN
no doubt be made
interesting to a
maps
boy or
aiid pictiires.
girl
Caesar may
of twelve by a skilful
But, after
the Gallic
all,
War can never be what it was never meant to be, a child's book.
The ideal " Reader," which should be the centre of instruction
during the early stages of a young pupiVs course, should be really
interesting
matter,
modern
in setting,
and
as classical as
may be
its
in
subject
form
book which the pupil may regard with benevolent feehngs, not
with mere "gloomy respect,"* as worth knowing for its own sake.
It
provided always that the illustrations are to the point, and such as
"
of the people
who spoke
demands
are
not
historical
and
national,
regarded
irreconcilable
the
its
may be
Europe has
it
is
therefore
matter
may be modern.
great nation of
subject
its
Rome, and
patriotic in tone,
term.
And
character
the
illuslrations
should also
have
this
Lord Rosebery
in his Rectorial
Address
at
Glasgow, 1900.
two-fold
modem,
NEWER METHODS
it
IN
object
not to
is
make
girl
to act as
in
boy or
the
17
more
it to reaUse what
good modern fancy sketch may
like.
to
therefore,
master a foreign
attacking
is,
or
tongue.
newspaper, with
dictionary,
method
in
not
is
to
try
on
its
linguistic
in
attempts
usually
advocate
analogous
side,
both cases
reconstruct
hetiretic,
begins by
the help of a
The
he goes along.
does
language
the
as
He
out
of the grammar,
as
all
But
in the
which
text
so as to
art,
difficulty in
better
for there
that
is
will
be no great
can hardly be a
interest
and
of the
life
ideal
book;
is
if
pro-
once
On
and
end
the one
if
;
hand
the ideal
book ought
to
have a sustained
interest,
otherwise
much
of the effect
On
is
lost
this
adds materially to
the other
NEWER METIIODS
l8
though
his
is
under no
grammatical
field at
each
step.
be,
possum
ie.g-t
We
building of sentences.
number
certain
of forms which
or of such a character
which
it is
the purpose
to produce.
might be introduced,
the
grammatical
future
anticipate
numerous
hand
with
in
by side
side
pot-erani)
pot-esi,
poi-es,
if
Tact
in introducing only
course,
certain latitude
style.
is
While
it is
such forms
necessary
and, of
in regard to
idiom and
come
across
it is
mere pedantry
literary excellence.
The
to insist
writer
the hmitation
it
is
sufificient
if
his
Latin
is
up
to
the
pabulum
of the beginner,
though
it
might
well
be somewhat
higher.
si
NEWER METHODS
reason and judgment
before himself.
first
for the
mind
training of the
expression
in
may be made
made
conjugation
first
19
set
IN
But
is
and
as difficult in
It
is
some-
memory, and
self
to
do
is
art of
with
all
Difficulties will
deference that
pitfall to
it is
to
enough
in itself.
accumulate
fast
upon the
enough, and
race,
snbmit
by dehberately throwing
Latin, at
a habit of thoughilcssness
to look
And
"
"gentle persuasion
is it-
the teacher of
and fluency
What
meihod such
made a matter
any
is
rate, is
hard
as that sketched
excluded.
regular accidence
He
of the grammar.
grammar
really
catalogue
raisonne
is
not
now
is
in a position to
a collection
of the
usages
understand what a
of arbitrary rules,
of a
language
but
based upon
NEWER METHODS
20
IN
Successive recapitulations
new
field is
is
abnormal, until a
obtained.
fairly
The suggestions
be
;
utilised in
but
it
is
no
successive
number
I
to
study
the
obvious
at the present
first,
it is
is
Learning a
and vocabulary of the Reader.
and we must not expect
our beginners to make bricks \\-ithout straw, any more than we
expect pupils at a more advanced age to compose in the style of
Cicero or Livy without giving them plenty of models to
subject
language
matter
is
work upon.
It is
more important
to insist here
on the import-
in
"
NEWER METHODS
IN
21
not merely the look of the word and the phrase and the sentence
on paper, but
From
still
ear.
literary
lasting benefits. *
scrappy and
the
commonly presented by
haphazard knowledge
of
the
classics
But
the foundations must be laid during the long school course, as the
initial stages,
in the
germ.
By not
consummation of a worthy
classical culture
hurrying
may be reached
in the
end.
Christmas, 1900.
E. A.
Sonnknschein.
" thorough
As
Series.
stated
the text,
in
voivels
reiurtied io
niany teachers,
my
to the
book
In
vii).
not always
'
On p.
48,
l.
'
123,
; /.
I have
j,
II.
And
substituted
kind
(p.
book
is
130, 31
p.
'
I herezvith
particu/ar
Haydon,
express
to
to
23,
'
'
tenthfor seventh
'
'
144 bottom).
I had
sonieti?nes not'
to
which
to
').
magnus
difficulty of con-
me
of this
A.
F.
have
number
in
my
cordial t/ia?iks to
Mr.
t/ie
t/ie
w/io /lave
vocabu/aries
T/iese oversig/its
'
wi(/i
t/ie
t/ie
accent
o?i
in
E. A. Trayes, Mr. R.
t/ie
present
fiot
word
'
Alaritinia
the syi/abie
S.
very
issue.
marititne
Maritii?ia
F.
E. Sanders.
t/iose teac/iers
misprinis or omissions in
Professor Postgaie,
Aliss
May I
Frenc/i
i,
l.
unchanged.
pointed out
many
there are a
iig,
4 and S nf%
marking long
for
the
have, in de/crence to
principle of
t/ie
ti-^
'
which
/ike t/ie
i?istead 0/
ORA MARITIMA
VFiL
DkA MaKITIMA
I.
INTIiR DlMlRAS
and
Intlicative oi siiin
Quam
1.
ora
habitat
ianuam
ct
Rl)l
Afljeclivcs, togeih
and of ihe
niaritima
cst
\illa.
First
est
AS.
iiiaritinia
In
area.
wilh
Picsent
llie
Conjugation.]
Non
\illa
villae
L' l'I
Ora maritima.
ab
II
In area est
procul
amita
hal)ito.
mca
Ante
castanca, ubi
ORA MARITIMA
24
Amo
villam bellam.
2.
Feriae
nunc
maritima habito.
Inter
sunt.
beatas
ferias
ferias
in
villa
In arena
orae
Nam incolae
maritimae sunt ancorae et catenae.
5rae maritimae sunt nautae.
Magna est audacia
nautarum
nautae
me
procellas
non formldant.
amant.
Cum
Nautas amo, ut
navigo.
=\
(T
k
rf
< /^
Ex
fenestris
caeruleas amo.
villae
undas spectas.
Quam magnae
sunt,
quam
Undas
perlucidae
ORA MAKITIMA
2$
saepe
vlsitat.
4.
Magna
est gloria
ubi
muitarum terrarum.
In
gloria
amo
non
reglnae
est domina
domina undarum.
Reglna
Britannia est
meae triumpho.
Te, Britannia,
Ex
meam nunc
linguls antiquls
Romae et
Saepe
Lydia casas
agricolarum
ORA MARITIMA
26
IL Patruus meus.
[Second Declension
in us].
Patruus
Africa Merldiana.
magnam
in
laetitiam dant.
7.
In uhiils corvl
su5s
voHtant.
voiitatis et
dat.
rusticls
agellum
cum
equls
et
vaccls
et
porcls
curant,
Ex
hort5
patrul
maritimae spectamus.
Quam
cum
luna
ORA MARITIMA
27
spumatis
!h^-
et
murmuratis
.v-...'/.M:r^"^:^
VlLLA MaRITIMA.
Ulmi kt Corvi.
Murus.
Ianua.
Rivus,
Castanea.
Mergi.
ORA MARITIMA
28
III.
Monumenta
antiqua.
Dubras
Agellus
et
mel
patrul
Rutupias
situs.
in tun'].
in
Cantio
Dubrae
est,
et
inter
Rutupiae
hodie exstant.
sunt.
R5mana
inter
in
Britannia
Rutupias et
Londinium.
orum
occultat.
Rusticls
numm5s
R5man-
nummds romanus.
(C.Idl.Caesar.)
(Augustus.)
lucrl,
ORA MARITIMA
29
NuMNfos Eritannicus.
NuMMUS
cum
Britaxnicus.
exxavant.
venumdant.
Nam nummos
Patru5
5rum R5man5rum.
10.
Inter
ferias
commentari5s
me5s
de vlta
num
in castell5 est
specula antlqua.
Quondam
erat pharus
Murl speculae
R5man5rum.
Castellum
in
ORA MARITIMA
30
multorum navigiorum
vela alba
Nonnulla
anam
est.
ma3^isy
.8jSgi{*irafl
t:
pucrT.
In
numero amlcorum
like piie?-\
meorum
sunt
duo
ORA MARITIMA
praccipuus amicus
31
cum non
14.
Non
procul
Dubrls
scopulus
est
altus,
suam
depl5rat, stultitiam
ingrati
acciisat.
praecipitare parat
servat.
scd
fllius
saepe vlsitamus.
N5s
puerl locum
ORA MARITIMA
32
=^
(^
SCOPULUS AltUS
At)
DUBRAS
SITUS,
EX POETA NOMIXATUS.
V. Magister noster.
[Nouns and Adjectives
like inagister\
15.
Magister noster
vir
doctus
peritus.
meum
est, et
"
ORA MARITIMA
33
maticls.
pulchrorum.
solum
librls
est.
Schola
agricolarum,
Conjugation.]
Magister
IG.
noster
librorum
historicorum
mea
libenter auscultabant
aderam.
Slc narrabat
Inter
erat.
ego quoque
nonnumquam
quondam
5ram maritimam
et
silvls
densls crebra
fluvium
Tamesam,
vastus et incultus.
Multa
antlquls
"
affirmat.
17.
erat.
et varia
Br1TAN.nI A.NTKJUJ
"
ORA MARITIMA
et
35
auro argentoque,
Margarltas
parvae
et
erant,
dabat
ostreas
oceanus
magnae
ostreae
sed
niarg-arltae
et
praeclarae,
'
'
,''
18.
" Incolae
bellicSsI
antlqul
Hastls,
erant.
insulae
sagittls,
nostrae
essedls
ferl
et
inter
se
flavi,
SlcTacitus de Caledoniis
et robusta erant.
Romanls
membra magna
ocull caerulei,
'
coloratl
'
narrat,
Sed
erant,
membra
menta ex
corils
ferarum constabant,
Vestl-
In casis parvls
19.
"
abant
"sed,
si
amita
inquit,
Et
mea
ille
"
"
Nonne
Oppida
in
oppidls
habit-
aedificabant," inquit
acdificiis.
Belh GaHicI.
Mukl una
hal:)itribant, ut
inquit
amita mea,
\Fa
Or.A ISIARITBIA
56
ille
frena, vitrea,
gemmas,
cetera
URNAE ET
importabant.
multum
Itaque
dlversl a Gallls.'
CATKNAIi: Britannicae.
Druiuai: liKHA.NMci.
oi;a jmauiti.ma
38
" Multl
Romanl
exstant in
Dc5rum
ferlna victitabant.
atrls erant.
silvls
Sacra erant
captlv5s miser5s
venum-
n5nnumquam
Popul5rum
R5man5rum
parabant."
VII. Vestigia
[Faliirc Indicalive
21.
"locum
stabat."
Nuper,
erant, patru5
Romanorum.
me5
Et
dum Marcus
"
et Alexander mecum
me dclectabit" inquam
oppidum R5manum quondam
Ouantoperc
ubi
vlsitare
Alexander
"
strab5.
proclium
Cras,
erat
.sl
v5bls gratum
erit,
Britannorum cum
ad locum ubi
R5manls ambul-
""
;
ORA
"Ego
"
ambulabo
39
ndblscum, Marcc
Ambulabitisnc
ribimus.
andcr
^rARITI.MA
Alcx-
et
"
;
"
ver5
crit, sl
inquit
virT
" nullae
sunt
ibi
sepulchrorum,
rcliquiae
paratl critis
"
"
Ouinta
et
erat.
inquit
"
?
Et
Quinta h5ra Marcus et Alcxandcr
Dubrls adventabunt
intra duas h5ras ad locum
prochl ambulare poterimus post unam h5ram redambulabimus itaque h5ra decima vel undecima doml
crimus, ut sper5."
Tum ego " N5nne ieiunl erimus,"
"
inquam
nihil
ante vesperum gustabimus ?
sl
" Prandium v5blscum portate" inquit amita mea
" cgo crustula et p5ma curab5."
v5s dabitis
et
"
mcus
patruus
23.
Quinta
hora
appropinquabat,
Ad sonum
"
Nuni
Cum
intravcrunt,
Opportunc
cum
amlc5s
ad ianuam
exclamavimus
Tum Marcus
Ecce, pucrl
propcravl.
univcrsl
advcntavistis
scr5 advcntavimus
et
tintinnabull
"
inquit
"
!
fuit
in
ORA MARITI.MA
40
liora est
h5ra est
"
"
Tum
inquit
patruus
meus
"
Nondum
et
inquit.
quinta
"
ambulandum ?
Tum amita mea
"
inc-iuiunt,
et
in
viam
C. luLius Caf.sar.
24.
Romanorum cum
ante Chriscum
et,
postquam
Belgicae
Britannls narravit.
natum Gaius
lulius in
GalHa bcHabat,
debellavit,
bcHum
contra
incolas
CialHae
insulac
propinquae paravit. Itaque ann5 quint5 et quinquagesimo c5pias suas in Britanniam transportavit.
OKA
unde
t)e
loco
.sua
applicavit,
Dubras
intcr
^rAKrri.NrA
navigfivit
doctl
viii
dc loc5 quo
et
navigia
disputavcrunt.
diCi
Rutupias est
et
41
ad
locus
Scd
navigia
applicanda idoneus.
nam
copiae
alium
armatae
locum naviyavit, ubi
nulli
scopull
fucrunt.
Britannls
aquam equilavcrunt
vada nota
ct
fucrunt
itaque
in
J\vl '%
BkITANNI RO.MANOS
x'(
~^-^^l\
IN SC01'ULIS E.KSriiCTANT.
ORA MAraTIMA
42
[riuperfect
P.ist
{t.e.
Perfect)
of siiin
Inclicative
and
the
of
Ist
Conjugauon.]
25. Scd
iam ad locum
patruus meus " Spectate puetl
apertus est
spectatis,
Illlc
Gaius
ancoras deHgaverat.
ignavl
lulius
aquam
Dum R5manl
'
Ad
estis.
scaphas pisca-
fortasse, ubi
R5mana
navigia
incitaverant.
narrab5.
aquilifer
et
campus
locaverant, et equos in
potestis
copias explicandas.
torias
adventav^cramus,
"
undls
se
.''
N5nne
Sed reliqua
dare
dubitant,
Ego
certe ofiiciuni
meum
ad
col-
nisi
praestab5.'
ORA MARITIMA
Et cum aquila undTs se
43
dcclit.
cum
ad aquilifcrum sc congreg-averant, et
imdls impigrc pugnabant.
in
Confusa
Britannls
et aspera fuit
i5ugna.
Prlmo iaborabant Romanl sed tandcm Britannos propulsaverunt et terram occupavcrunt, Antc
vcsperum Britannl se fugae dederant.
Numquam
;
antea copiae
Audacia
Romanae
aquilifcrl
Britannico stetcrant.
in solo
laudanda
erat."
ist
Conjugation.J
rubrac
"
Cum
abimus
in
nam non
"
Tum
ante
Nonne pranchd
mc mora
sum
averimus
averit.
nigrae delectaverunt
ct
fucrit."
inquit
Marcus
" sed
quando
operam
cacliinnanuis, ct
VIII.
dcdistl
mox
"
nam
pucr parvus
es."
Nos
Expeditio prima C.
[^rd Declensii;!
"
.'
lalii
Caesaris,
sii',
r.r/iri/://i'>.]
OKA MARITIMA
44
.''
"
inquinius
"
"
Et patruus meus
per
et
Atque Britannl
crant.
R5manos
28.
quoque causa
exspectati5 praedae.
nostram ign5tam
et
regulum
ut Tacitus affirmat,
nam
post
unum
igitur
secundam
et
ORA MARITIMA
multo maiorein expeditionem
Nam
et
in
45
Britanniam paravit.
IX.
Pax
violata.
nouns hke
puj:, aesias,
mlUs.]
opere laudanda.
Britannl
Romanos
in scopulls
orae
fugam
et
peravit.
Interea
osum
trecentls equit:
nam
perlcul-
nudare,"
ORA MARITIMA
-46
Castra Romana.
X.
Certamina varia.
.'0.
nouns
certamen vltaverunt,
et in silvTs
annicum
De nomine
erat.
Oppidum iam
Itaque
oppidum
'
fluminis
nihil
'
Brit-
constat.
Multa
silvls
varia
et
cum
provolabant
iones
certamina
fuerunt
Britannl
Romanls perTculosum
Britannorum
intrare.
ex
Romanos
Scd post
aliquantum
ORA MARITIMA
47
locum oppugnavcrunt.
Tandem Britannos ex silvls
propulsavcrunt.
Pauca crant vulnera Romanorum
nam Romanl Britannos pondcre armorum et scientia
pug-nandl multum superabant magnitudine et robore
corporis Britannl Romanos superabant. Sed Romanl
quoque homines robust5 corpore erant."
:
ESSEDU.M BUITANMCC.M.
31. " Vict5ria Cacsarl
nam
Ouintus Atrius,
magnum incommodum
tcmpestas navigia
pcrlcul5sum crat
in
nam
lltorc
nuntiavcrat
afflictaverat.
Tem
"(us
"
ORA MARITIMA
48
ad
maritimum
iTtus
navigils
vadls
in
properarc,
legiones
et
Britannorum revocare.
ab insectatione
erant
afflictata
Opus
suas
]\Iulta
cetera
ex
novls
laboraverunt.
aedificat
sine
navigils
et
in
navigia
XL
Naves Romanae,
nouns
32.
unum
like naz^/s.]
in classe
Romana;
hominum
equorum transportanda.
Tota classis
navium nam sescentas
naves onerarias per hiemem in Gallia aedificaverat,
et
ut narravl.
classis
inquam
orum
" sed
poterant,
sl
naves
Britannicum
nullas
navcs aedificabant
inquit
"
in
Tum
Galliiim
meus
portabant,
"
" \'enet-
"
frumentum
.''
et
e.\
(jalliu
ORA MARITIMA
gemmas,
fucrant
in
Nam
Britanniam.
vitrca, cctcra in
natio maritima,
49
VenctT,
Hostes
Romanorum,
ct
magnam
classem
com-
paravcrant."
33.
Tum
Marcus
"
Num
nati5ncs barbarae
"
ad
deligabant.
in pellibus
plus firmitudinis
quam
tam
et
altae
a VenetTs reportaverant."
naves
R5manae
itaque vict5riam
Tum
laminTs ferrcTs
.^
ferrcTs,
sT
ORA
50
IVIARITIMA
Tum
34.
nouns
Caesaris narravit.
Dum
milites nautaeque
Romanl
properat.
summum
hostes
Cassivellaund mandaverant.
imperium
ijniversarum
Romanos
contra
Flumen Tamesa
consociaverant.
flnes
separabat
gentes
nam,
Cassivellaunum
Trinobantes
auxiHum
ab
et
rcHquas
Romanorum
regem
trucldaverat.
ut
Superiore tempore
contra
suum
atque
maritimurum
erat in parte
mcrldiana Britanniae."
" Caesar
capite
Rhenum
Bclgium migraverant.
in
Kt nonnulla
n5mina gentium maritimarum, unde n5mina urbium
hodicrnarum
dCMivfita sunt,
P>clgica vel
GaUica sunt.
ORA MARITIMA
Belgac autcm
fi
capite quart5
librT
GcimrmTs oriundl
5I
erant, ut Caesar in
secundT dcMnonstrat.
Itaque pars
erant.
de
lateribus
laterum
angulls
et
errabat.
Monam
insulam
iudicat,
Hiberniam
inter
XIII.
"
Maria Britannica.
:
multum
errabat.
mllia
octoginta
"
et
esse."
3G.
recte
Britanniam
Errabat igitur
"
inquimus
iudicat."
"
;
nam
Hlc
inter
nos
tcrtil
non
circiter
puerl
Londinmm
et
erant
circiter
octoginta
mllia
Romana
Tria
maria insulam nostram
Londinio distat.
inter Britanniam et Galliam est mare
circumdant
Britannicum vel fretum Gallicum ab occidente mare
Ilibcrnicum ab oriente mare Germanicum. Nomina
marium temporibus antlquTs n5n usitata erant sed
iam Graecl Britanniam esse insulam iudicabant."
;
XIV. Britannia
pacata.
37.
"
Inter
Tamesam
et
ORA ^rARITIMA
52
concursio erat
Romanorum ciim
Romanas
pugnaverunt.
in
fugam
Ex
mult5s
Novum
Nam
BritannTs
suTs
suas revocabant.
in
per
omnes
bant.
im-
R5man5s
R5man5rum trucTd-
Cas.si\-ellaiinT.
silvTssuTs pr5volaverunt
dcderunt
Tum
averunt.
c5piT.s
in itinere fortiter
partes
;
sed equitibus
equitabant,
et
peditum
R5map.T
propter
proeliTs
praestabant.
liUllAN.M
Pedites
CUM RilMAMS
IN
lll.NKKl':
riHl.NAM-.
ORA MARITIM.^
53
intervallo
scparfire
erat
se
neque
longo
pedibus
pugnare poterant."
38.
Itaque
"
Romani
Britannorum
Sed postrldie Romanl victoriam reportavcrunt;
in
Caesar
magnum numerum
equites lcgato
suo
propulsaverunt, et in
Magnum numerum
fuerunt.
Copias
fugam dedcrunt.
hostium trucldaverunt.
Tamesam
Hostes
Romanos impugn-
averunt.
stabant.
univcrsos
et
Trebonio mandaverat.
Britannicas
Romanls
cohortium
Tum dux
et in flnes
39.
vellaunl
Tamcsae ubi
erant unum tantum vadum erat.
"
In partc fluminis
flncs Cassi-
Qu6 cum
collocatas spectavit.
firmata erat
ct Britannl
quoque occultaverant.
non dubitavit. Aqua fluminis profunda erat, et milites
capite solum ex aqua exstabant sed Romanl se aquae
;
ORA MARITIMA
54
fortiter
'
mandaverunt,
Oppidum
'
Britannos
et
in
fugam dederunt.
BuiTANNI CASrilA
"
40.
Sed
ROMANA
in Cantio, ubi
Ol'1'Lv
praeerant,
castra
frustra.
Ronianl victorcs.
ibus Britannicls
pacem
orant.
Trinobantibus Caesar
ORA MARITIMA
novum rcgem
dat, et
pacem
5;
Itaque propter
confirmat.
maxime
tot clvitatum,
Cassivel-
Cacsar paccm
Tum
et
copias
captlvorum
frustra
pugnaverant."
TR0?AKUM liK.llANMCUM.
suiis
in
pro
cum
Galliam
ails
et
ORA MARITIMA
56
XV. Robur
et
aes triplex.
41.
Tum
Marciis
em Britanndrum
"ogentem fortem
"
!" inquit.
Nam
ct admlrabil-
cum Alexander,
Nonne naves procul
erat,
"
patruus meus
tuta navibus.
"
Ita
Sed
a lltore spectatis
est "
illae
inquit
"
;
nam
} "
inquit.
illic
Et
est stati5
nam
"
ORA MAKITIMA
57
42.
Tum
maritimae.
tum
In classe Britannica
Nomina navium,
ut
affirmabat,
erant
A rrogans, Fcrox ;
domum
cupidl cstis
cum
machinls, tormcntls,
rostrls, ccterls.
cum
patru5
mc5
et
ORA MARITIMA
58
lltore
stetimus,
imus
'
et
nos recreavimus
mea
nam
fatlgatl
eramus.
Sed
Lydia
"
DULCE DOMUM.
PREPARATIONS
NOTE TO
last syllable
iiccented
TIIE
'd short,
But words of
ortly
the atcent
Iwo
ihrown back on
is
lons;;
is
it
on the
first
If the
also
is
but Iwo,
of the Iwo.
itself
a long vowel
of this book.
Iherefore
it
ihat
it
is
casa, quoijite,
tiica, tita
as short, as in doiiiiiia,
tnc'a,
tiia).
long
In the Drill Exercises and Appendices (pp. 101-144) the quantities of the
vo-.vels are not marked, except lor some special reason (e.g. in order to
These pages
will provide
xst
an opportunity of testing
how
far
ihe ear
PREPARATIONS
6o
L The Sea
Coast.
[English w<jrds connected with the Latin by origin, but not intended ac
translations of them, are given in square brackets
1.
quam
bella
PREPARATIONS
6l
2.
feriae
holidays
incolae
the inhabitants
sunt
are or there
are
nautae
sailors
nunc sunt
feriae
now
it is
magna
t/ie
holidays
in villa
the courage
nautarum
of sailors
procellas formi-
dant
they fear
house by
storms
the sea
6 beatas
oh, the
ferias
(or is
audacia
in the country-
maritima
is
great)
holidays
during
inter ferias
great
est
ihe
happy
nautas anio
I like
ut
as
sailors
holidays 1
in
on the sand
arena
orae marilimae
ancorae
anchors
et
and
catenae
chains
nam
for
Compare
senlences
nautae
sailors
me amant
like
cum
me
me
in scaphis
ifi
navigo
I sail
boais
[skiffs]
[navi-
gate]
nautae
naulis
'
amant, sailors
above
nautas amo,
I like
lihe
iiic ;
two
diffcrent
Compare
meanings
nautae
= (i)
same word
(Plural
Num-
bellae
Villas bellas
sunt.
amo.
I love pretty
countryhouses.
In
villis btrllis
habitant.
PREPARATIONS
62
3.
ex fenestris
otit
oj ipxfrom)
the
windows
undas spectas
caeruleas
blue
see) the
quam magnae
waves
PREPARATIONS
63
-as (Plural)
occur
prope villam, near the hoiise ; inter feiias, durmg the holidays.
any Preposition, to complete the sense with certain
The form in -am or -as is then called the Object of the
Verbs.
Verb, In the following sentences it will be seen that the forms
in -am and -as differ in meaning from those in -a and -ae just
/';//,'
as vie diflfers from / (or
them,'
7ahom,' from
he,'
*they,' 'who') in English
(2) without
'
'
'
'
PREPARATIONS
64
5.
quoque
PREPARATIO.NS
First
65
Declension,
Name of
Ist
Case.
Case.
PREPARATIONS
66
II.
0. SS" In this
will
be given in the
patruus meus
My
Uncle.
Nom.
Sing.
except
is
quoted.
PREPARATIONS
67
7.
angulus
ulmi
in ulmis
angle^ corncr
mergis
to sea gulis
elms
cibum dat
gives food
in the elms
agellus suus
iiis
corvi
crozvs
equi
iiorses
nidificant
make
corvos specto
I watch
libenter
gladly
vacca
nests
galli
7iests
nonnuiii
prey
captatis
you
oceanus
tJie
in
the rustics
cum
7vith {togetJier
tJie
Jiorses
ocean
the above
cum
e(juls
witJi)
1.
croivs.
corvl
3.
nldificant,
SINGULAR.
crotvs
corvos specto,
tiie
catch
crows.
country-
ex
rusticis
sea-guiis
praeda
cocks
rustics
4.
tiie
/oik,
many sea-gt!i/s
volitatis
io
rusticl
of crows
mergi
Note
minds t/ie
a viiiage
Jiy
tliey
cor vo ru
multi mergi
super oceanum
2.
vicus
gallos ciirat
cozu
pigs [pork]
gallinae- que cochs and hens
porci
the
crows
volitant
estate
croivs.
5.
maJie nests.
1 watch
crows.
rKKPARATIONS
68
8.
In this and Ihe following 1'reparations the nouns of the 2n(l Decl.
be given in the Nom. Sing. except when a whole phrase is quoled.
/tS"
in -tis wili
sropiihis albus
PKErARATIONS
69
is
Plural in meaning.
IN
-UM.
PREPARATIONS
70
11.
navigium Ger-
a Gernian
manicum
vessel
promunturium
a pro)Hontor}\
sto
headland
I stand
post castellum
behind the
cum
castle
ndnnuUa
ClTvus gramineus
a grassy JiUl
or doivn
fretum Gallicum
the
English
(lit.
^Ganic)
C/tciHfiel
oculus
an
velum album
a white sail
gia)
ex navigiis
sunt nominata
" casiella "
littcra
in
eye
vessel
some
(r;avi-
i.e
t/ie
on
signo
in (with
of the
Acc.)
vessels
are nanied
Cast/e Lineri
/elter
t/ie flag
to
delectamentum
puerorum
condiscipulus
[delight]
hber scholis*
freefrom
amicitia
friends/iip
dud puerl
Marcus
una
unda spumifera
Mark
puer
quattuor-decim
a boy
four-teen
year
annus
quattuordecim
schoo/fe//ow
/essoHS
of boys
friend
two boys
amicus
annorum
amuse/nent
offourteen
i.e. fourteen
years old
years,
me
toget/ier
a foamy 'wavc
I swim, bat/u
nato
too
nimis
(undae) asperae roug/i (waves]
us boys
nos pueros
game
ludus
pila
ba// [pill]
ut
how
iuvat
it de/ig/its
ckief especia/,
aedificare
contra undas
bui/d
against
Caledonia
particu/ar
Scot/and
(puerl) oriundi
{boys)
io
mihi
praecipuus
to
t/ie
waves
sprung
in
spectare, to
-are
see
see.
'
cf.
militia vacat.
PREPARATIONS
13-
nunnumquam
sometimes
(lit.
PREPARATIONS
72
14- i^ In tliis and the following rreparations the nouns of the 2nJ
Declension Uke fucr will be given in the Nom. Sing., except whcn a whole
phrase is quoled.
locus
fabula
p/ace
p/fiy,
dratna,
c.
vir generosiis
ruier, petty
fortuna misera
amicus fldus
de scopulo
a fait/iful
friend
doivn f?-om the
se praccipitare
to
/ deplore,
ia?nent
stullitia
ciiff
foiiy
I biatne
culpo
animus ingratus
(lit.
impiae
suus
virum servat
perlculum
Vir.
SINGULAR.
saves the
??ia?i
[preserves]
harshfate
unnaturai
[impious] daughters
fortijna aspera
filiae
filius
/ accuse
hiinseij
Iprepa?-e
paro
Ufigrateful
tnind)
accuso
huri
[precipilate]
ijigratitude
an
a nobieman
[generoiis]
unhappy fate
[miserable fortune]
deploro
poet;
Shakspere^ s cli^
a ma?i of nobie
birth,
king
after
{/?-om) the
vientioned
[commemorated]
Lear
Leir
regulus
named
nominatus
[fable]
conimemoralus
constancy
constantia
ex [loeta
peril, da?tger
PREPARATIONS
Our
V.
15-
our
magister nostei
Schoolmaster.
magistro nosiro
school-
vir
doctus
ludorum
man
skilled hi
(lit.
schola nostra
offine books
our school
(schola) clara
(rt)
of)
games
(a) strong
puen pign
lazy boys
to
in vlco nostro
in our vilhige
ludus hlterarius
an elementary
= where
pupils
are
terae,' cf.
taught
lit'Schohi'
'
1 1).
kind of school
Sabidius
Sabidl
creber puerls*
et pueUls
croivded {filled)
(creber) hberls
zvith childrcn
I can, I am
possum
books
school (litterarius
neither
nor
nec
nec
magistrum amant love the tnaster
.
famous
hbrls
{right hand)
pulchr-
{school)
masters
(dextra) valida
our master
a learned
to
Hbrorum
orum
?naster, teacher
peritus
73
,(;ir/s
ahle
say
{to)
quare
why
of the adjective
hber, free : h'terally free
hoc tantum
this only
ones,
quia
Ubros amant
because
(hbros) Graecos
(Ubros) Latlnos
discipulus
scholae nostrae
(cum) amlcls
Latin {books)
mels
pupil [disciple]
ad Ventam Del
of our school
(Plural
i.e.
children
free-born parents)
of
Gj-eek {books)
and
atque
{wit/i)
arum
also
my
friends
at (or near)
lP'inc/iester
scientiae raathe-
maticae
mat/iematica/
in
Hampshire)
sciences
The
lines
Roman
The
reason
r>ut this
I
*Note
do not
why
one thing
cannot
I
know
tell.
fuU well,
meaning
'
with.'
PREPARATIONS
74
Second Heelensioncontiftued.
S/NGULAR.
'
magister.'
PREPARATIONS
adjective ihan of the noiin
three forms of the
for
75
Nominative Caser--^
hke
Similarly
'asper')
Nouns which
take
in three classes
Nouns which
take
adjectivesin us{ox
numerus
nummus
patruus
vir*
liber*
etc.
*Note
noun
is
To
nouns of the
Nouns
mascuhne.
Nouns
of the
e.g.
will
PREPARATIONS
76
Table of
SJNGULAR
thf,
Forms of Adjectives.
PREPARATIONS
VI.
77
Ancient Britain.
i6.
S.-^"
thc ist
In
this
whole phrase
is
hisloricus, a,
qiioted.
um
will
be given
in the
all
Nom.
Sing., except
when
PREPARATIONS
78
17liber, llbcra, liber-
um
free
With Abl.;cf.
metallum
6,
12
nietal
pluvia*
rain
nebula
cloud
ater, atra,
atrum dark
foedus,
um
a,
hideous
multl, ae, a
many
prulna
abundabat
abounded
ab-erant
were absent
natura
nature
With Abl.
plumbum album
white lead
um
sluggish
testimonium
ferrum
iron
atque
and moreover
Tacitus
tin
i.e.
nauta
testimony
Romanus
Roman
aurum
historian
Zold
argentum
silver
margarita
pearl
ostrea
oyster
dabat
gave, yieldcd
inquit
says he
vix
scarxely,
pot-erant
were able
-ne
marks a qucs-
an
(?r
a,
praeclarus,
um
a,
(in
a ques-
tion)
satis
small
hardly
tion
[Margaret]
parvus,
(Rule
see 15
of Genders)
Tacitus,
frost
sufficientty,
enough
um famous
impiger, impigra,
caehmi
sky, climate
tum quoque
then
impigrum
active
(ht.
not
too, i.e.
just as
sluggish)
now
creber, crebra,
crebrum
frequent
Coinpare
15,
'with':
creber pueris,
PREPARATIONS
i8.
PREPARATIONS
8o
19.
KS" In this
and
the
foUowing
ist
Con-
jugation Present or Past Imperfect Tense will be given in the ist Person Sing.
of ihe Prescnt.
hTc
PREPARATIONS
20
mortui
8i
PREPARATIONS
S2
VII.
21.
I^ From
Declension,
nuper
is
Footprints of thc
Romans.
Singular,
PREPARATIONS
red-anibulabimus
nihil
nothing
gustabimus
we
tetith
prandium
liinch
eleventh
vobis-cum
with yoii
carry
back
decimus, a,
undecimus,
um
a, um
doml
at
spero
um
ieiunus, a,
trimus
83
home
portate
/ hope
crustulum
huNgry
pomum
we
shall
be
curabo
shall iasle
cake
apple
will provide
'
'
'
ISt
'from.'
to exprcss the
Ist Conjugation.
PREPARATIONS
84
23-
tS" In ihis anJ the following Preparationsnew verbs of the ist Conjugation,
Future or Imperative, will be given in the ist Pers. Sing. of the Present.
/ approach
adventavimus
appropiiKiuo
cupide
exspecto
eagerly
ad sonum
at thi sound
tertius, a,
tintinnabulum
properavl
ecce
bell
fuit
I hastened
nos dedimus*
ad ianuam
at the door
they entered
intraverunt
exclamavimus
euge
opportune
adventavistis
I expect
fere
um
was
we gave
it
exclaimed
bravo !
in the nick of
ii7ne [opportunely]
yoii have
arrived
marks a ques-
celeriter
quickly
non
is
pot-est
ive
whether
late
our-
slves
beJiold
tion, like
sero
have
arrived
almost
third
ice
fatigatus, a,
quota hora
um
est
//>!?(/
wh(it o^clock
is
itl
noiidum
not yet
ad ambulandum for wa/king
nos vero
that
we are !
sumus)
(cf. 21)
bene ambulate lit. ivalk 7cell,
i.e. good bye
(parati
well for the pupil lo realize from the first that there is no Conjugalion
Such
all the verbe form their Perfect Stems in the same way.
forniations as ' dedi' are irregular only so far as the Stem is concerned.
*It
in
is
which
24.
inter
viam
PREPARATIONS
ad navigia
applicanda
idoneus,
for
um
a,
um
fitted, siiitable
se
theviselves
necesse
tiecessary
Dover
armed
Dubras*
armatus,
Romanls
to
(Dat.)
ad ancoras deanother
declension)
fuerunt
per (with Acc.)
properaverunt
atichors,
vadum
hastened
cquitaverunt
to anclior
shai/ow p/ace
they rode
copiam dedeiunt they gave an
fight, batt/e
for
opportunity
battle
Ro-
the
tofasten to
ligare
were
along
for
nians
alius (irregular in
pugna
ad pugnam
{they) prepared
paraverunt
vesseis to be
broiighi to latid
a,
85
naaiie of a
Town
without a Prepositon
Rule, 22.
cf.
';
fui,
3rd
Person
fuit, he {she,
ist
Person
spectaTi,
2nd Person
it)
Person
NoTES.
I saw
spectavimus, we saw
spectSvistis,
you saw
saw)
spectavit, he (she,
I.
yoH were
seen,
/lave
fuistis,
was
(yoii
3rd
PLURAL.
fuimus, we were
I was
it)
saw
etc.
virl
docti
disputaverunt,
/lave been,
disputed.
2.
The
verbs
'
do,'
give,
sici-i,'
iire
the
/ stood
same
and
mnke
as in other Perfects
(-1,
;
'
sto,'
stand,
the Perfects
-isti,
thus
'
-it,
'
unHke other
dcd-i,'
-imus,
-istis,
gave,
-erunt)
PREPARATIONS
86
2S
i^ In
this
anil
new
verbs of the
ist
Perfect Tense, will be given in the ist Person Singular of the Present.
adventaveramus
Conj.,
PREPARATIONS
87
26.
iS" After
this
Preparation
postulo
ist
new
verljs of the
ist
Conjugation, Pluperfect
PREPARATIONS
88
of C. Julius Catsar.
expeditio
this
PREPARATIONS
So are declined words
words ending
in
or,
like
such as
the
'aer,' air,
'sol,'
Nominative Singular
thus
we have
PLURAL.
expcditionum
expedition ibus
in expedition-ibus
in
0,
Nouns of
feminine,
stem
except
in
'
expedition es
expedition es
expeditio
expeditidn em
expedition is
expedition I
in
expedition e
6
2
3
4
5
like
'
.SINC.ULAR.
1,
and niany
sun^
'splendor,' s/^Ietidour,
'calor,' heat,
'imperator,' commande?--in-chief.
'expeditio,' expedition,
89
and
gOi
or go are nearly
do,
io,
^/J
The
persons.
all
other
or.
28.
pardon
venia
a victor-ibus
ullus, a,
from
um
Gen.
(irregular in
and Dat.
the victors
any
Sing.)
nisi
except
; cf.
paucl, ae, a
afeiv
next ;
cf.
proximus, a
miilto
um
maior-em much
35
16
greater,
lit. grcater
by much
sescentl, ae, a
onerarius,
a,
um
six
hundred
of burden
legion-es
legions
cum
with a
multi-
liidin-e*
tudi
jnu/ti-
PREPARATIONS
90
IX.
Pcace violated.
29. tS' In the followini^ Preparation each new noun of the ^rd declension
bs given only once (in ihe Nominalive Singular, wiih the stem added in
brackets whenever it differs from the Neminative Singular).
^
will
pax
(pac-), 3
violalus, a, uni
feace
remigandi
violated
violo
I violate
magnopere
of rowi?ig
greatly
prior (prior-), 3
dux
quantopere
(cf.
how
ffiuch)
/ohfter
leader [duke]
inde
niiles (milit-), 3
eques (equit-), 3
J(?/i'//(?r[mili!ary]
trecenti, ae, a
three hufidred
horse-soldier
castra
caftip
tempestas
weather
statio(station-),3 station
(duc-), 3
(tempestat-), 3
medius,
a,
um
[tempest]
*
jiiid
no longer
flabat
piospere
t,
on guard
in stalione
reservo
periculosus,
a,
/ reserve
um dangerous
tion]
tion-), 3
non iam
thence
sor-), 3 I
blexv
nudare
successfiiilj,
to strip (cf.
incitare, to urge
prosperously
labour. toil
on
labor (labor-), 3
spectarc, 8; 12)
* In media navigatione, literally in midvoyage ; but we should generally say
in EngUsh ?' the tniddle of the voyage.
t A neuter phiral noun of the 2nd declension, with singular meaning.
JXote the Ablative wilhout a Prcposition, properly meaning from,' but
here to be translated by of ; so in 12 and 6 we might translate lii>er scholit
free ^T/lessons,' and niililid vacat he is free (T/service.'
'
'
'
'
Third Declension
NouNS LiKE Pax,' Aestas,' etc.
many nouns of the ^rd Declension differ from
^-^/'///^/^f.f^.
'
great
'
those
Singu/ar ; thus
2 p5x
3 pac cni
4 pac-is
etc.
aesta
Thus we dcchne
niile-s
virtil-s
aestatem
militem
virtut-em
aestat-is
milit-is
virtut-is
etc.
etc.
etc.
PREPARATIONS
91
30.
PREPARATIONS
have the Accusative the sanie as the
the Singular and in the Plural Number
(as in 2nd Declcnsion), and that their Nominr.tive and Accusative
Plural end in a (also as in the 2nd Declension).
Note
Nominative, both
SING.
in
PREPARATIONS
Third DeeleTision
93
Co/i/tnued.
s/iip,
'
classis,' /V^/,
SIKGULAR.
'hostis,' ene77iy.
'
hostis.'
PREPARATIONS
94
XII. Alliance
34-
alliance
societas
(societat-), 3
summus,
um
a,
chief
separ5
command
I separate
mando
/ entrust
rex (reg-), 3
ki^ig
occidens
imperium,
the IVest
gens (gent-), 3
race [gentilc]
Gen. PJ. gentium
princeps (-cip- 3 prince
superior
tamen
conlinuus,
[occident-alj
(occident-), 3
previous, past
(superior-), 3
nevertheless
a,
um
continued,
uninterrupted
part
pars (part), 3
consocio
I ally
inftnltus, a,
um
infinite
side,
on the
the Genitive
thus
Sing.):
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
rKEPARATIONS
35caput (capit), 3, n. chapter
duodecimus, a, uni tivelfth
tertius
decimus
interior
(-ior-),
m igro
aetas
(-tat-),
Khenus,
migro
urbs (urb-), 3
derlvatus,
*
C.
1.
latus (later), 3
side [later-al]
Hispania, i
septentriones
the A^orth f
erro
I err
age
across
Rhine
Ireland
recte
rightly
[urb-an]
derivcd
iudico
Ijudge
The
five
hundred
mi/es,
thou-
lit.
a thousand)
hundred
hundrcd
septingentr, ae, a
seven
octingentl, ae, a
ei^ht
octogintfl
eighty
Mona,
t
lit.
Anglesey
British seas.
Sing. the sea
mari), 3, Ncut.
di-stare
to be distant
igitur
t/iere/ore, t/ien
maria
seas
circum-do
I surround
Hibernicus,a,um Iris/i
marium
of t/ie seas
usitatus, a, uni
used, usua/,
coinmon
Third Declension
Nouns ending in
They form
Neuter.
mare (Abl.
about
milia, 3 (Neut.
'
Hibernia,
Spain
I migrate
[longitude]
quingentl, ae, a
Plur. of
JSel^i^ium
length
(-tudin-), 3
circiter
triangular
Idec/are to be*
/ ivtmigrate
XIII.
36.
origin
esse declaro
16 esse existiniabant.
longitudo
um
iiiierior
city
um
a,
27,
Ipoint out
orl-o (orlgin-), 3
Iriquetrus, a,
the
de-monstro
thirieenth
3
Belgiuni, 2
ini
95
r^/'^/'/////^'^.
SINGULAR.
'
PREPARATIONS
96
37-
PREPARATIONS
40.
97
PKLrARATlONS
98
42.
veteianus,
a,
um
PkEPARATIONS
99
'gens' (34):
thus
SINGULAR.
DRILL EXERCISKS.
[Tbe sections of ihcse drill exercises are numliered to cor'?<pond wiih thc
sections of ihe tcxt on which theygive practice. AU the Wtrds o.curringin them
wil! lie found in the corresponding sections of the " Prcp.trations " (pp. 59 ff.)
The
Latin scntfnces
may
They
be varicd at
models
in
English
Latin.
into
may
tht
r,
Castanea
est bella.
Non
How
Not
Not
Not
prctty
is
far froni
canto.
the chestnut-tree
far
far
used
is
for
a^ villa est.
is
now
is
the sea-shore.-
the chestnut-tree.
Uve.
ab bcfore a consonant.
shore
'
'
applies
or
'
also
to
Possessive
Adjectives,
'
my
'
the shore m.
like
is
prelty
'
or
'
how
my,'
llte
nc.'
'yiur,'
country-hoiise
'
liii
'
'our,'
his,'
aunt mine.'
verh 'to
'
This rule
is !'
,'
a<;
in
But
'
the
DRILL EXERCISES
I02
1
{Ge?iitive Singnlar.)
C07itinued.
Amita mea
Cum
amita
canto.
Ancilla amitae
Ancilla in
lanua
My
iion procul
The door
shore.
ab ora maritima
of the
est.
pretty.
is
country-Iiouse
not
is
far
sings
of
tlie
chestnut-tree.
The
chestnul
tree.
After
T.
Q. Ubi
Conversation.
est villa ?
A. Casianea
in area est.
'
sings well
Put
2.
it qualifies.
'
'
oings.'
negatives
it
chestnut-tree sings
',
'
'
thus for
'
and
'
far
'
sometimes
also
applies
to
',
DRILL EXERCISES
Q.
Ubi
IO3
A. Ancilla
2.
villa
habitat?^
in villa habitat.
[^Nominalive Plural.)
villa sunt.
Beatac sunt
Magnae
feriae.
Where are
The boats
the boats
are
on the sand.
sometimes
Chains are
sail in
a boat with a
sailor.
in the boat.
2 contimied.
{Geniiive P/nral.)
sunt.
'
in conversaiional
vis
common
'-ne'
to
in
to
pupil
ancilla in villa?
from the
the
sunt.
first,
But
if
it
is
is
e.g.
very
e.g.
Habitatne
l^RILL EXERCISES
104
The
boats of the sailors are not far from the door of thc counlry
house.
3.
Scaphae
in undis sunt.
Undae sub
scaphis sunt
non
Nautae
in undis
Nautae
caeruleis navigant.
Not
far
waves of the
sea-sliore.
My
aunt
is
There-is^ a
wood
continued.
position
(^Accusative
Ante villam
est arena.
est ora
mariiima.
est.
is
a wood.
l)e
DRILL KXERCISKS
Bcfore the door of the country-house
I05
is
{Accusative Si/^qu/ar
con/ifiued.
and
of
my aunt.
Pliiral depending on a
Verb.)
et
catenas specto.
amo
bacas amo.
Waves dehght
sailors.
Plants dehght
my
My
aunt.
From
Boats dehght
sailors
not stay^
I (/<?
is
it.
(For
slay
'
say live.)
'
do
it de^penfls
stay,'
'
wuvcs.
3.
sea-shore.
stay not'
for
'
not
llie
will
'
'
'
in Latin there
do not
sail.'
on
DRILL EXERCISES
105
Comphte
Oram maritimam
Ora maritima nos
l^^erb,
Scaphas albas
first place
scaphae.
arena
Agricolae
nautis interdum
agricolis
interdum
Conversation.
After^T^.
Q.
Quid ex
{f)\!C\A.
fenestra spectas
= what^
Undae me
delcctant,
Silva me delectat.
A. Silvam amo.
ambulas ?
interdum
silva
In
Q.
A. In
Q.
silva
Ubi
saepe ambulo.
est silva?
Quid
est in silva
A. In silva
est
A. Quantopere
villa est.
me
bacae delectant
DRILL EXERCISES
4.
Vocative Singiilar
Inter
ferias te,
ora
ani
IO7
Pliiral.)
spccto.
amo
patria
te,
mea, amo.
arum amat.
I love thee, [0]
Victoria
Queen
Victoria,
is
British
islands,
but also of
South Africa
(2)
is
my
native-land.
I
love
yoii,
for
Souih Africa
is
British colony.
Great
is
5. {Daiive Sifigular.)
Silva
Lydiae laetitiam
Columbae Lydiae
dat.
laetitiam dant.
Ego
inter ferias
But India
The
is
dat.
operam non
linguae Latinae operam non do.
ferias magistrae tuae
Quecn
of the British
dis.
isles.
Qucen.
gift
4.
whom
the gift
DRILL EXERCISES
loS
5 continued.
Undae
{Dative Flia-al.)
non
dant.
do.
give
delight to
British isles.
My
chains.
sailors.
A/fer
5.
Make Latin
phrases,
and
of the following
in country-houses.
country-house.
out-of a country-house.
not
far
from a country-house.
far
from counlry-houses
to country-houses
to a country-house
{ivith
out-of country-houses.
not
a Verb of going.')
i(ivith
of a country-house.
my aunt.
my aunt
with
to
to
'
my aunts.
my aunts
wilh
a Verb of going.')
of country-houses.
under a boat.
under boats.
before supper.
aftcr supper.
DRILL EXERCISES
After
5.
Translate
and
io9
DRILL EXERCISES
IIO
Q.
Ubi
A.
es inter ferias ?
sum.
inter ferias
A.
Cum
Q.
Tu
nauta navigo.
et I^ydia in silva
interdum ambulalis?
A. In
silva
interdum ambulamus.
After
5.
[Present Indicative of
am
[oj
Canada
is
Canada,
You,
suin.')
an inhabitant of Britain.
Thou,
We
'
isles.
from the
Briti.-^h isles.
After 5.
I
now
my
in
live
shore.
live
Your schoohnistress
with
my
lives far
You,
aunt.
boats
Rome and
now dehght
aiid
wc do not
give
Greece.
us.
Rome and
Grcece do not
delight us.
cf the
thing that
'
does
'
or
'
is ').
DRILL EXERCISES
{2ni Dedension
6.
Hortus
I I I
Singular Number.\
in -us,
belliis est.
es.
saepe
ferias
visito.
caeruleae sunt.
belli
aquam
dat.
My^
my
uncle.
and
the roses
my
There
uncle.
my
is
love
a stream not
an abundance of water.
is
sometimes water
often walk in the garden
uncle's garden.
Sometimes
with Lydia.
stream
often visit
far
The garden
In the
gives delight to
niy uncle.
{Second Decknsion in
7.
Mergi
in ora
-us,
Mergos
in ora
Corvi
cum
There-is
nidificatis.
ferias
operam
est.
do.
Many^ crows
great
number
p.
loi).
ehns
Nouns
in
my
uncle's
garden
early exerciscs (
Order,
of
*The Latin
Plural Num/>er.)
maritima nidificant.
'some',
iu)
'all',
fcw
'
',
gencrally
see Kule
of
DRILL EXERCISES
12
elms.
I
like
am on
to
my
My
uncle's farm.
The crows
pigs.
when
sea-gulls,
sometimes give
to the
horses
thc sea-shore.
dehght to niy
give
uncle.
After
Conversation.
7.
Q. Agellus patrui
tui tibi et
Quid
Q.
delectat.
in agello est ?
vaccae
et
et
que.
et porcos
curant.
A. Lydia
Ubi habitant
A.
dat.
rustici ?
non procul ab
agello
The
watch
like
to
ocean.
The
cibum saepe
Q.
8.
gallis gallinisque
like
lighthouses
distant.
deli,L;hts
(say
to
walk
to
to
see
the
stars
white
the
tvatcii)
high
the
clifis
of the
me
murmur round my
giadiy
sailors
often
blue
of
uncle's gardcn.
waves of the
the
s/iore)
light-up
the
sea-shore.
are
not far
ocean.
It
DRTLL EXERCISES
Afler 8.
13
Conversation.
Q. Quid tu et Lydia
Non solum
A.
in
horto patrui
tui spectatis?
A. Nidi mergorum
in scopulis orae
maritimae sunt
sed non
A. Praedam suam
in
oceano captant.
nam
ibi
cnptant.
9.
{2nd Decknsion in
Oppidum antiquum
in
-iim.)
Cantio esL
Oppiduni antiquum
inter ferias
intcrdum
visito.
anti^iua
me
alta sunt.
delectant.
snnt.
nummi
Where
ihore) of
is
in
DRILL EXERCISES
114
London
distant from
soil.
Roman
There-are traces of a
farm.
borough.
also
Kent.
In Britain
is
many
There-are
\ve often
London
an ancient town.
ancient
is
not far
towns on British
Conversation,
After 9.
A. In Cantio habitant,
A. [Here niay
Dubras
inter
et
Rutupias.
be
hitherto
learned,
{2nd Declension
10.
I
is
in
-um
on the
ancient
cliffs,
continued.)
when I
The
relics
visit
Dover.
The
castle
The church
buildings.
also
is
ancient
for
it
was a consecrated
building in the second century after the birih of Christ (say a/ter
Christ born.)
1 1.
Imitate
itt
of the castle
the
.Africam Meridianam,
or sailing to a Coiintry
is
spoken
ofi
when going
DRILL EXERCISES
A/ier
Conversation.
% II.
ibi
115
visitas
spectas?
A. Castellum antiquum
ibi specto.
A. In
NonnuUa ex
navigiis in patriam
{2nd Dechnsion in
12.
spccto.
mcam
-er.)
est.
navigan^.
es.
visito.
Puero Marco
feriae
magnam
laetitiam dant.
Cum
Duo
pueri prope
Dubras habitant.
estis.
est.
Cum
Two
boys are
my
friends.
They live
The boys
How much
in
are
my
schoolfellows.
Sometimes
it
is
swim with
DKILL EXERCISES
Il6
[jnd Declension
13.
Diiring
The
free
is
There-are
he
-er continued.)
i;i
tlie
from lessons.
from lessons.
Peter
is
a sailor.
Hke Peter.
Peter's boat
is
a source (9)^
A/ter %^^:
Cotiversation.
Q. Quot
amici sunt?
Duo
A.
tibi
{QviOt
= ho7V
fnany.)
Q. Pueros interdum
mei.
visitas ?
ferias delectat ?
nos delectant.
sunt.
velis
rninistrat.
^The Adjective used with the Verb ' to be must be in the same Case and
thus here 'free' niust be Nominalive
as the Subjccl of which it is s.iid
'
Number
Singular, because
''See
'
hc
'
is
Nominative Singular.
Where
number
is
2.
it.
quolcd like
this in brackets,
it
mcans
that the
word
DRILL EXERCISES
{2nd Decktision continued:
14.
unhappy.
is
Jn
see
.'
of the
life
Repeat ihe
2.
Dative
JiJake
cliff
unhappy man.
Cases,
table
'
How much
0/ Pronouns
giveti
{2nd Declension in
vir
it
delights
after 5,
Magister noster
Kent during
ifi
the
me
to
up sentences conlaining
% 15.
cliff.
14.
holidaxs.
.
down-from
himself
hurl
1.
The nobleman's
The son Edgar*
sons.
is faithful.
After
'vir'.)
'riiere is
life
II7
tibi,
and add
nobis,
the
vobis).
ihese Datives.
er continued.)
doctus
est.
es,
Cum
magnam
laetitiam dant.
Magistri nostri
viri
docti sunl.
estis.
in this cae
'
Say
itt
'
Say
to the
Tliese English
mun
there-are
2.
names may be
latinized as
meo
Edgarut, Edinundus.
est).
DRILL EXERCISES
Il8
Cum
est.
lo)
in a
We
Britain.
The
see^ the
Our
I often see
masler has^
operam damus.
coins.
school-
boys like to
schoolmaster's books
I
am
a schoolfelluw of
Not only
the boys but also the masters of our school pay atteniion to games.
i6.
{Agreement of Adjectives.)
nummus Romanus
vir
villa
doctus
Romana
oppidum Romanura
fagus Britamiica
hber Latinus
nauta
Romanus
RuLE.
Make the
as well as in
Number and
its
Noun
Gender^
in
Case.
the Verb
nummus
be
to
est
'
and
is
Romanus.
Say
to
in
llere
'
Use
and
creber,
Romana.
'
is
have
whcre
'
'
est
Romanum.
to
also
uscd with
oppidum
Noun, but
is
Similarly
like to
'
and rcmember the riile for the Case and Number of Adjectives
to be given on g 13 (' he is free').
'
'
DRILL EXERCISES
A
is
119
Our teacher
is sometimes not dcar to hoys.
My aunt is not learncd. 15ut
Boys are not learncd.
learned teacher
learned.
we boys
learned
And my
man
tells
There-were^ great
P>ritons.
17.
the
14) tlie
18.
The
coast.
The
rains of Britain
tion.)
Proximo anno
Proximo anno
Proxiino anno
Proximo anno
Proximo anno
Proximo anno
in
Cantio eram.
in
Cantio
eras.
in
Cantio
erat.
in
Cantio eramus.
in
Cantio
in
Cantio erant.
eratis.
"
"
(jaius forms
Remember
'
piaise
'
{Preparatiotis 13).
'
then
'
and
'
now
'
are Adverbs.
DklLL EXERCISES
120
Multa
aedificia antiqua
Multa
spectabam.
Multa
Multa
Multa
Multa
the
little
yellow.
13) black
but
They were
British sailors.
16) I
was
many
in Kent, I used-to-see
Some^ of the
sun-burnt.
all
sailors
used-to-taitoo
Roman
lands, as the
Mediterranean.^
19.
{^Adjedives
Werc
all
sailors used-to-sail
Indicative continued^
think not.^
'The word
for
Plural, because
'
the example in
*
ing
Say
Latin
*
1 1
'
means
'
'
is
do not
Remember
in Latin
way
very conimon
is
sailors
some
'
now
'
I
'
'
iailors of
.Mediierranean
Mtditifraneus
of saying
think,'
that
'
l)ie
sailors'
see
of the siory.
Mid-land,' and
'
some of the
'
ihink not,'
an Adverb.
'
is
an
Ijective,
mean-
(a,ui/i).
'
hope
not,"
and so
forlh in
DRILL EXERCISES
121
sce
'
was
free.
their sons
S])ears
{B.)
They
The
savage
used-to-catch
woods with
in
the
7)
wild-beasts
with
Unibs
with
Britons
civiHzed
used-to-adorn^
Britons
and wild-boars
stags
used-to-kill
and arrows.
hunting dogs
girls
The
their
By
( 19).
nieans of the
The
of the Veneti
They
used-to-fight
( 9).
They
( 9).
A Prkposition.
The foUowing
Froni,'
'In' or 'At,'
'
'how?':
am
free
'
{vaco, 6).
bcfore a
'
'I
Also
hora'i (%2.\).
question
sagiltis
'
'
'
'
'
cnd of
"^
this
Here and
in future exeiciscs
at
the
book.]
adorn,
ornamcnt.
'
DRILL EXERCISES
122
2 1.
How
Where
I shall like
will
to
The
The road
be very-pleasing to us
Alexander,
will
walk with
see the
to
me and
will
place.
be long, but
it
2 2.
and
suin'
jst
Conjtigation.)
Locum
cras spectabo,
si
caehu^ serenum
si
crit.
caehmi sereiuun
erit.
Amita mea
Specta,
et
Marce
Spectate, pueri
Roman
vessels were.
oclock
shall
us
when
it
si
we
is^
we
arrive?
evening.
My uncle
We
will give
shall carry
*
us
for this
great dehght.
Alexander
where the
is
The
us.
"Show me *
a httle boy.
"
the
Not loo
'
'
'
the
samc way
'
as after a verb of
'
givins;.'
'
DRILL EXERCISES
fast
my
123
uncle.
13) yo*^)
you
if
"
my
hope
praise
I shall
You
not
will
says
not,""^
uncle.
23.
We
walk
too
2)
"I
"Alexander
will
my
aunt
too
fiist
be hungry before
!
shall not
The
my
says
sum
'
spectavi
You
when we walked
not
will
says
is
Lydia;
Cairy an
be hungry," says
hour.
uncle.
"Good-bye"
ist Conjugation.)
and Flural
we
(7//^r/<f/>')."
and
Locum
"
'
if
be when we
it
the tenih
"I
"
we
if
be tired
will
will
{Ferfect Indicative of
24.
my
hope," says
Alexander
with you,
Alexander.
says
"Not
boy."
apple
o'clock
shall not
What
quickly.
aiii\c?*
hour?
to
For Alexander
walk quickly.
shall not
the sentence:
applicavit.
to the place
where Gaius
See note 3 on
in
before
senlences
when
p.
120,
the phrase
'
B.C
Ex. 22,
or
p.
122.
Chrisl born
'
and
before
DKILL EXERCISES
]J4
borough, as leamed
The
My
25.
stim
'
'
Ad locum
When
We
"
there.
vessels
his
the sea-shore
iloman
forces
our island.
21).
sake of commerce.
The Gauls
bouring coast.
19)
and ist
and Plural
Cum
"
arrived
in
viam
home*?
'
me
Conjugation.)
the sentence
dabo.
" says
Alexander.
"
My
aunt wiU not praise (13) us" say I (21) " if we arrive* late
"We shaU have arrived before the eleventh hour," says
(23)."
^
Where
the phrase
'
anchor
to
oecurs, say
'
'
story.
Compare Ex.
*
What
is
spoke of arriving
'
Gaius Juhus'
in
English
'
'
when
ihat properly
lo a place
'
'
in a
means
(not
'
question
'
homewards'
at a place.')
(shall have
).
for the
Romans always
DRILL EXERCISES
125
my
we
walk^
shall
quickly,"
we
(j>roximo
my
anno)" says
borough,^ and
I will
" there
Mark,
says
Richborough
visit
? "
say
uncle "
will
When
"
be deiay."
will
I.
me
next year
to-Richborough (21)."
After
{On
26.
Locus
in fabula
commemoratus
est (
i)'
14^
Quando
All
( 24).
satiatus eris ?
these Adjectives
26).
are formed
from
examples above).
form certain
'
tenses
way
of tJu
Passive
of saying
'
to
Town
Voice,'
is
ihe
Verb
to be' tJiey
).
'
The
tJie
as in EnglisJi.
(shalt have
Dover given
were uscd.
tke Eng/ish
formedfrom
Participles,'
like
Adjectives
Verbs,
in 24 of the story,
and see
same as
if
ihe Preposilions
wt and ah
DRILL EXEKCISES
126
B. Translate
I
am
not
Are you
The
I
um
i?ito
Latin.
satisfied.
fatigued,
is
Alexander
beautifully adorned.
The
The
We
Britons were
(cf.
arrows.
24) battle.
After 26.
{On
and Nouns
iu
-a7idum)}
Translate in the ivay indicated in the Preparations (25, 24, 23)
the folloiving sentences containing Adjectives in -andus, a,
Audacia aquihferi
erat
um
25).
Audacia laudanda
aquiliferi
Romanos
servavit.
habitat.
to-be-
seen).
ad
scopulos
visitavi.
{to-be-brought-to-
land).
Tlie iises of the Adjoctivcs in -andus, a, uni, and Noiins in -anduin wilJ
(al the
DRILL EXERCISES
Locus non idoneus
est
12/
vcssels io-be-
broi4ght-to-land, 34).^
Locus idoneus
ad copias explicandas
erat
{for forces
to-be-
deployed, 25).
Romnns
in the first
was a famous
century B.C.
The Gauls
Julius Caesar.
t/ie
feared
( 2
For within (22) three years he had defeated (24) the Helvetii^
in South Gaul and the Veneli on the Gallic coast and the tribes
of Belgic Gaul.
Julius Caesar.
The
The Romans
My
Generals.'
me
'Compare
ready,'
'
am
in
'
It is
'
Ring the
bell
1)0
got
(or the
etc.
is
The
'Use
'namcd'
itouii>io 'I
(11).
a,
um
DRILL EXERCISES
1^6
The cause
(B).
tribes
(9)
During the
(16).
known
is
tribes of
Soulh
There had
years.
And
Britain.
Accordingly
also
tiie
been
the Trinobantes
(Same Nouns
28.
Caesar's
co/ttinued.)
first
great
but in the
second
Among*
many Galhc
For
auxiharies.
the Belgae and other Galhc tribes had supphed forces to Caesar.
Many
of the Caesars
of Britain.
a great
a great gcneral.
Dedension.
{jfcl
first
man and
29.
the
In the
Masculines
and Feminines
the
first
expedition of Caesar.
It
Romans and
itatio (instead
fonn
the Britons
tliat
s.)
free
for
tdbes of
all
following
exercises.
^The verb
to
'
be translated
*'
*
to supply
How-many'
Say
///
'
is
a verb of 'givinij.'
How,
ihen,
?
is (^m^/
the nuiuber
"(indeclinable
o/.
13).
is
to
the
Veixmi
DRILL EXERCISES
I29
Britain.
in the year
Roman
soldiers of the
Accordingly
Roman
soldicrs
The
to our island.
feai
(jrd Declension.
30.
Neuiers in
26) victory.
-nien, -us
or -ur.y
Aniong Caesar's legions was the tenth (22) legion. The name
The nameof the tenth legion
of the tenth legion was Alauda.'*
was famous, and dear to the soldiers. What^ was the name of the
*
^The word
eques.
for
[J>ed-it-
'Use
'
foot-soldier
tempestas,
'These Neuters,
is
'
means properly
'foot-goer,' as equ-it-
'
horse-goer.']
like the
The
s.
but part of
means
is
s of
words
like tei/ipus
changcs to
r.
(This
2.
8.
by adding an
without adding an
are mostly
Feminine
Neuter
if
if
the
the
Nom.
Nom.
Nom.
*A Noun
Use quid
Romans
[stt Drill
Ex.
3, p.
DO
Sing. ends in
MALE
(for
MEN,
or
GO
US, UR, or E;
wben
in^tance
the
meaning
106).
'
the Lark.'
In asking
'
what
is
the
name?' the
adjectival form of
it).
DRILL EXERCISES
130
where there was
river
Romans?
There-are
{Same Nouns
1.
coniinued.)
of the
Roman
strong,
The bodies
legions.
But Caesar's
i;odies.^
many wounds.
Juhus Caesfir
Roman
vessels
had
never (25) sailed to our island, unless (25) for the sake of
commerce (19). After the time of C. JuHus Caesar another (24)
Caesar, by
name
Britain.
Claudius, got-logether
'
um
'
^The Neuter
24) ihe
first
but not
( 14).
of ircs ( 27)
*No
I mention,'
'mentioned'
is
'
Use commemoro,
atns, a,
30 of the
/r/a.
for
'
story.
take in Latin?
See
when;
69.
(p. 73).
cf. p.
DRILL EXERCISES
{3^^ Declension.
32*
navis
Feminines
I3I
and Masadines
in
likt
-is,
').
{A^
vessels.'
'
Vessel
'
16)
number
is
'
of-
ships sailed
How-many^
The whole (
in the fleet.
'
ships
'
is
noun of
the third
23)
declension.
When
{B.)
the
But the
( 2).
they feared
fleet,
was small.
In the ships
sail
know
He
this.'*
(31)
had prepared
He
{Same Nouns
33.
In a
men
Roman
(p. 128),
3 (p.
were-able to
and Latin
sail in
Caesar's fleet
Drill, 13.
127).
*No
sail.
*Use hoc ;
time
in^ the
continued.)
How-many men
25) did-not-
were-able to
ship of^var.
Rome
of-
did
The
enemy?^
second expedition
In ancient times
his
Why
Preposition in Latin
-u<hen, like
Say was
'
in
{Prep. 10),
'
last
year
'
( 16), etc.
rnistress 0/.
'
of the
word meaning
were-able
'
'
morc
must be Plural, as
{P>ep.
'
33)isgood
in the English.
DRILL EXERCISES
132
On
( i8)
An
turrets, as
25) the
sails
plates.
and
An
oars.
An
turrets
(18).
{jfd Dechnsion.
34.
end
ifi
Feminines and
Afasciilines
whose siems
iwo consonanis.)
(A.) Cassivellaunus
parts
vellaunus
Britain.
The name
of
the
king
races
19)
the
of
of
South
Trinobantes
was
Imanuentius.
(B.)
to us.
mentioned (14)
of the
Roman
in the
book of Caesar.
empire*
After the
time of Claudius, the fourth (29) Caesar, ^ Britain was under the
command^ of the Caesars. The name of the family {u^e ^ens) of
The
C. JuHus Caesar was the Julian family.
the Caesars " Princes " and " Generals."
Romans
used-to-
name
5 (p. 129).
5 (p. 130).
'What Gender?
For
*
'
'
'
many
Use impcnmn.
'In
'
the
fourth
Caesar' be
Tliink of the
meaning
DRILL EXERCISES
Nouns
{Sa/ne
35-
iO/iiinued.)
Soulhem
Belgians
( 15).
The
tells
133
chapter
is
German origin
The inhabitants
book.
in the first
in Britain
German
origin.
and the
in the fourth
fifth
Many modern
{B.)
cities are
races of Kent.
7)
modem
of
( 1 1)
Caesar
origin, as
of Caesar
city of
South
Caesar
tells
different
Winchester
true.
The
Britain.
the testimony
cities, if
5) is the
name
of an ancient
us about Brilish
from
'
The
towns.'
British
towns
'
'
were
19) cities.
[jrd Dec/ension.
36.
The
is
Neuters in
-e,
like 'mare.')
from Gaul.
part of
GaUic channel.'
Some
of the
for the
sake of
named
is
London
commerce.
is
not
the
'
many
The
Biitons did not fight against Caesar on the sea, because they had
'
of
'
in
'
British sailors
many lands
Some
of the races'
sail
many
across
means
'
some
seas.
flag (
1 1).
use ex.
includes
(4)
now
women
'
'
'
30).
'
'
Ilomo means
The
women.
in the sense of
'
'
a nation
'
or
'
Plural
'
'
human being
oihomo
persons
tribe,'
'
'
and
is
Ihe only
for
populus
DRILL EXERCISES
134
37.
The
from
mobility of the
Roman
soldiers
Caesar
{out-of) chariots.
But the
was not
great.
Accordingly the
The Boers
of South
{Recapitulation of Nouns
38.
ofjrd JDeclension
continued.)
The boundaries (34) of the Cassi were across (35) the rivcr
The Brilish leader (29) used not to fight against the
Romans in proper (37) battles. He used to dash suddenly outThen he used to
of the woods and attack the Roman legions.
The British leader
recall (31) his horse-soldiers and his chariots.
had many thousands ( 36) of charioteers. Accordingly he some-
Thames.
Roman
cohort.
Issiy five
39.
legion,
five
(36)
{Recapitulation of Nouns of
jrd Decletision
with walls.
It
continued.)
city.
It
it
was not
far
as in 25 of the story.
'
Thames be ?
*
Where
Think of
30)
from London.
= Dutch).
But
5 (p. 130).
5aA7r7
not a
men
"
in a
men
(26) thousand
the meaning.
DRILL EXERCISES
Perhaps^
Caesar
it
tells
was
Albans,
St.
135
men have
as sonie learned
'
aflirmed.
fifth
book of
40.
named*
Camp.
Caesar's
The
tribes of
The
Caesar.
()
women
first
41.
Thus
continued.)
(1 5)
and imposed a
The Romans
tribute
carried-off
In the
'
'
'
For
first
'
perhaps
'
Romans
Veruldinium.
Remember
that the
its
Subject [castra).
'
Venum-do,
'
l sell,'
and forms
The Adjectives
'
compound
is
its
Pcrfect
hke
its
Noun.
Which
till
42.
is
liter.illy
the
'
DRILL exercises
136
the eagle-bearer of the tenth legion leaped ^ into the waves and
Accordingly
carried (6) thc Roman eagle (. 25) to the land (4).
Romans
the
The Roman
{Adjectives of the
42.
(A.)
The
flags.
jrd
Declension.)
They
fought with'
admirable pluck.
and
strong.
as the Britons
but
It
* is
if it is
(p.
cf.
134).
*See Ex. 20, note i (p. 121, on the Ablative without a Preposition).
all/ unlike other Adjectives, generally coine before
''Adjectives meaning
'
Iheir
'
Nouns
No
in
Latin
cf.
nole
2, p.
iii,
and Rule
of Oider,
p.
lox.
separate word for 'it'; but the Adjective after *is' must be in the
Neuter Gender, as
Say
'
Omit
'
in
41 of the
story.
to expire,' exspirare.
the
word
'
one's
'
in translating.
DRILL EXERCISES
137
43.
The
of Belgic
tribes
number
Romans.
the Veneti.
And
Britons."
Caesar had
captives.
"The
time
short," says
is
hasten homewards.
It*
and
my
to
We
my
uncle; "it
necessary (24) to
is
hope, to
uncle.
'
lated
'
the Furious
'
as the
in
name
42 of the story.
All the
can be used as Adjectives, but niust then not be spelled with capital
^" Fighting' is
then, be?
'
Useful to'
is
like
Say
'
all
'
dear to
'
{Preparations
5 (p. 136).
wc-approvcd.'
is
trans-
15),
letters.
it,
APPENDICES.
I.
On
-NDUS,
Adjectives in
A,
UM
and Nouns
-NDUM.
iN
The
Adjectives in -ndus,
a,
um
differ
(i)
too,
them are
um ;
a,
similar in
for
meaning
instance
'laud-able'
sense
(2)
'fit
to
be
(frora
be
'I
laud,'
Lat.
laudd),
eaten.')
meaning
'
to-be-loved,' 'tobe-read,'
venient to translate
The foUowing
fully
them
to-be-eaten.'
Sometimes
it
is
con-
in other ways.
examined.
summary and
met wilh
in
the text.
into a form
to
the neeJs of
to
be
'
APPENDICES
139
meaning
we may
'-worthy,' but
other Adjectives,
'
and
I praise,'
also translate
it
by
'
worthy-to-be
This Adjective,
to-be-praised.'
may be used
it
praised,' or simply
and
'
'
like
to be,'
in
'
Acc.
audftciam laudandavi,
Gen.
audaciae laudandae,
Hence such
'
laudable courage
may be made
a phrase
shown
Preposition, as
'
to
depend on a
in
for vessels
navigia applicanda,
on ad
in the
common
sentences as
(i)
They
are
'
'
for.'
Ring the
'
dinner to be
ad cenam parandam.)
-ndum
in
following respects
'
vessels to-be-brought-to-land
sense of
The Nouns
'
differ
all
just as in
'
'
visit-ing,'
Romans used
etc, the
andum, visitandum,
(2)
They
are
structions as the
the
Nouns remigandum,
atnbul-
etc.
hke Verbs
same condo
So, too,
the
quickly,'
with
'
walking slowly
Adjectives),
and
'
'visiting a friend,'
on the Nouns
in
'
'
exploring a country'
-ing
').
APPENDICES
140
'
'\%
rejnigo,
Noun
I row.'
Paratine
'
'
'for.'
et
'
he was
'
The
militum
Virtus
Adjective
may
is
laudanda
(29).
Here
the
be).
est
ad copias
explicandas (25).
scientia
pugnandi superabant
which
is
also be translated
is
Noun
(30).
in
-ndum with
est
speech in
This
(32).
'
Noun
by beginners.
deploy.'
in
But
by an
Here 'deploying'
is
Noun
far as
APPENDICES
II.
141
PREPOSITIONS
INTO LATIN.
Where EngHsh has a Prcposition Latin generally has one also.
Most of these Latin Prepositions take the Accusative Case, but
sonie of them (especially ab or ^, ciint, de, ex, in whcn it means
*in' or 'on,' pro, suh when it means 'under,' and sine^ take the
Ablative it should be noted that no Latin Prepositions take the
:
But
it
to
'
'
generally
is
'at,' 'in,'
with,' 'by,' and by means of
sometimes expressed by the Ablative alone. The foUowing
rules, based upon examples wliich have occurred in this book,
'
'
are
will give
some guidance
as to
in Latin
be translated by Prepositions
OF
is
the
audacia jtautarum
orum
(9),
(2),
'
Romans,'
traces of the
'
the door of
^/>,y
Roman-
vesiigia
viagni laboris
= 'very
'
'
'
'
'
of, it is
'
It
1),
that the
'
of
'
in
many
quality of the
may be noted
possession.
navigiis
cf.
on
p. 99.
APPENDICES
142
TO is
generally translated by
'
going
carry
or
'
But
(5).
'
send
'
'
thus
'
'
is
ad
'
bring
silvatn
or
'
ambiik
it is
viz.
'
'
'
Londiniiitn amhulavi.
By ^he Dative
(i)
when
comes
it
suppUed
after
delight to Lydia,'
is
auxiliaries
the Gauls
to
'
(5),
gives
'it
'they had
is
ministraverant (27).
(ii)
when
is
\%
(iii)
to
it
comes
sonieone
patruo meo
when
'
'someone has
nummi sufit
comes
it
'
thus
'
my
( 9).
after Adjectives
FROM
is
'
'to' in
is
dear
is
when
it
comes
sense of
'
free
after certain
;
'
thus
'
he
is
from lessons
'
is
liber scholis (
2).
'
(22).
'
'
':
APPENDICES
IN or AT^
T43
\s
but
when
(i)
it
'month,' 'year,'
century
is
'
when
WITH
'
Romams
other senses
(i)
or
'
day,'
is
'
is
'
is
'
in
3, or
pugnantes, 43)
viz
'
'
Romans,'
when
'with'
with
fight
spears
'
'
'
'
'
'
with children'
(ii)
'
translated by
is
aunt,'
in
'
it
together with
cufn
o),
what o'clock?'
(28), 'at
'
time, such as
century,' 'hour';
seaindo saeculo
proximo anno
(ii)
'
is
'
'
'
'
'
'
When
'
at
'
book.
The
Locative, however,
is
Sometimes Ma 'together'
Gallic auxiliaries,
*
But
so in
una cum
just as in English
Latin
gaudiorum
pUnus may
(f 13).
is
Number.
added, as in
'
we may
'
filled ivith
thus
'
full
'
but also
of joys
'
'
full of,^
is
plenus
APPENDICES
144
when
why
(iii)
'
thus
'
'
the
'
Here
means
'
because of
(iv)
'
'with
'
is
rains'
rains.'
with
';
thus 'a
rains
is
man
with a robust
(30),
'
B Y MEANS OF
tlie
is
thus
'
^F
'
marches'
by means of uninterrupted
Tamesain properavit
( 33),
he hastened
continuis
\%
= for
thc sake) of
commcrce
III. GENERAL
RuLE
'
is
I.
Anything that
is
2.
an Adverb
in Latin
j<ra///(3
'all,'
Anything
is
'
animi
Exxept
'some,'
'
many,' 'few.'*
Verb or an Adjective or
Adverb
Adjectives (meaning
English
by reason
9), cf.
RULES OF ORDER.
';wmagnus';
'
wliich?' or
'
'
scapham
specto,'
'iliis' or
'
llvat
')
and Intcrrogative
'
'<?saepe.'
as in
thus
navigo
'
goes with a
amitae meae.'
villa
Adjectives meaning
RuLE
ad
itineribus
thus
mercaturae causa
is
is
bella,^
'
Thames
( 38).
to the
in Latin,
An
Inter-
ALPHABETICAL VOCABULARY.
The words printed in Llack type are essentiai words which need tobe learned
by heartj as occuring most often in the text and for the sake of their importance.
Words of the third declension have the stem inserted in brackets, except
where it is the same as the Nom. Sing. (e.g. arbor). To words like tiavis the
Gen. Piur. is given. Genders are given where irregular accordingto ihe rules
on p. 75 and p. 129 (m. =masculine, f.=feminine, n. = neuter).
The figures i, 2, 3 denote the declension or conjugation.
ab
or
I atti
absent
abundo, l, I ahoitnd [Ah\.=in)
accommodatus, a, um, suited [ac-
comodated]
I accuse
acutus, a, um, sharp [acute]
ad (with Acc), to sometimes yir
or at or near (see 15, 23, 24)
adhuc, hilherto
acciiso, I,
present
adulescentulus, 2, youn^
adventS, i, I arrive
adversus, a, um, adverse
man
(afir-), 3,
m., air
/ T^rifr/t
atnictu,
I,
agellus,
2,farm,
ager, ngr-um,
agger, 3,
-I,
[afflict]
estate
-6, 2, field
mouiid
farnier
agricola,
\,
albus, a,
um, white
Alexander, Alexandr-um,
Alexatider
aliqu.indo,
soitie
-T,
-o,
2,
day
um, high,
altuB, a,
amabo
lofty [alti-tude]
please
te,
amicUB, 2,friend
amita, I, aunt
am8, I, I love, Hke
amphitheairum, 2, amphitheatre
an, or (in a queslion)
ancilla,
ancora,
maid-servant
I,
i,
Anderida
anchor
silva, the
Andredsweald
ALPHABETICAL VOCABULARY
146
I bring
appropinqnO,
aptns,
anna,
nm, open
apertus, a,
applicO, I,
i,
to
armatus,
I approach
a, um,yf//'<ri/[apt]
),
in the house
arrogans (arrogant-),
of,
[aquarium]
aquilifer, 2, eagle-bearer
ara, i, altar
ausculto,
I,
I listen
autem, however
auxilium,
argenteus, a,
arithmetica,
adj., arr(h
3,
gant
eagle
i,
a, um, armed
armentum, 2, herd
arS, I, I plough
land [apply]
2, help,
aid
arithmetic
B.
baca,
berry
I,
barbarus,
a,
basilica, l, hasilica,
beatus,
Belgae,
a,
bell5,
um, barharous
Belgians, a tribe in
the North of Gaul and also in
South Britain (Hampshire)
Belgicus, a, um, Belgian
Belgium,
pl.,
2,
/ wage war
war
2,
church
um, happy
i,
bellum,
Belgium
um, warlike
bellicosus, a,
c.
C. =Gaius (Gaium, Gai, Gaio)
cachinno, i, I laugh
caelum, 2, sky, climate
caeruleus, a, um, blue
Caesar, 3, Caesar
Caledonia, i, Scotland
Caledonius, 2, Caledoniar.
calor (calor-), 3, heat
Cambria,
campus,
Canlium,
cantO,
I,
i,
2,
Wales
plain
2, Kent
I sing
capillus, 2,
hair
captivus, 2, captive
capt5, l, I catch
caput (capit),
carina,
l,
c3ruB, a,
casa,
I,
3, n.,
head, chapter
keel
um, dear
cottage
castanea, i, chestnut-tree
castellum, 2,fort [castle]
catra, neut. pl., 2, camp
catena, i, chain
catulus, 2, dog
cauaa, i, cause, reason
reason, for the sake
celeriter, quickly
causa, hy
ALPHABETICAL VQCABULARY
Celta,
Celt
I,
confusus, a,
congregO,
any raie
cervus, 2, stag
ceteri, ae, a, the others, tke rest
cetera (n.) = Erig. 'etcetera'
Christus, 2, Christ
Christianus, a, um, Christian
cibus, 2,food
Adverb), arottnd
circum-do, -dare, -dedi,
or
I surround
um,
cl&rus, a,
bright ox famous
men of the Jleet
classiarii, 2, scaiiien,
coUi8(Gen.
colonia,
creo, I, I create
crucio, I, I torture [ex-cruciating]
colony
I,
coioratus,
a,
um, sun-hurnt
[coloured]
coloro,
I,
coluniba,
crustulum, 2, cake
culpo, I, I blame
I colour
i,
dove, pigeon
commemoro,
i,
cullura,
/ mention
pl.,
notes, covimen-
cultivation, cul
Abl.),
together with
'vith
cum, whcn
taries
comparS,
tillage,
I,
ture
cum (with
("com-
memorate]
commentarii, 2
togethef
about
circiter,
um, confused
i,
/ gather
[congregation]
consecratus, a, um, consecrated
consSbrina, I, cousin ( 5)
consocio, I, I ally
constantia, I, constancy, firmness
certe, at
147
i,
I get
together,
prepare
cupide, eagerly
CGUiprobo, I, I approve
concursio (-ion), 3, engagcment
cupidus,
[ex-cursion]
condicio (-ion-), 3, condition
condiscipulus, 2, schoclfellow
confirmo, i, I estahlish [confirm]
cuia, I, care
CurO, I / care for, attcnd
vide ( 22)
cur,
a,
um,
desirous, eager
why
,
to,
pro-
D.
de (with Abl.), about, down from
dC-bellr), i, I defcat
decimus, a, um, tcnth
dt-clarri, i, I deciare
declino, / turn aside [decline]
defcnsor (defensor-),
dclcctanuntum,
delectS,
delibero,
i,
i,
3, dcfcnder
2, delight
J delight
I dciiberaie
ALPHABETICAL VOCABULARY
148
deligO,
I fasten
I,
give,
set,
put
(in
fugam, tofiight)
doctuB, a, um, leamed [doctor]
domesticus, a, um, internal [dom-
domus
estic]
domina,
/ am
i,
mistress [dame]
home
wanting
deas, 2, god
dextra,
i,
hand
Dubrae,
I,
Dever
pl.,
discipulus,
dum, while
duo, dnae, duo, two
duodecimus, a, um, twelfth
duodesexagesimus, a, um, s8th
dux (duc-), 3, leader, general
2, pupil [disciple]
discordia, i, quarrel, discord
disputo, l, I dispute
di-sto, I, I am distant
difi, long, for a long time
diumus,
a,
diversus, a,
(a,
from)
E.
ex (with Abl.), out offrom
excavo, I, I excavate
ecce, hehold
ego,
exclamo, i, I exclaim
existimo, i, /c(?wi/(/fr [estimate]
expeditio (-i5n-), 3, expedition
explico, I, 1 diploy, arrange
egregie, excellently
3, horse-soldier
equito, i, I ride
equus, 2, horse
erro, i, / err
eques (equit-),
exploro,
exporto,
esse, to be
expugnO,
and
et
ex-8t5,
et, both
/ explore
I export, carry out
I,
essedarius, 2, charioteer
essedum, 2, chariot
et,
and
I,
-stare, -stiti,
main,
am
extant
exist,
39 = stand
re-
out)
F.
fabric5, I,
fabula,
I manufacture [fabricate]
drama [fable]
play,
I,
ment
fagus, 2,
f.,
fanum,
2,
femina,
woman
i,
ine']
beeck
shrine
fallgatus, a,
[hence 'femin-
ALPHABETICAL VOCABULARY
fenestra,
fera,
i,
window
fere, almost,
feriae,
focus, 2, hearth
um, hideotis
-wild beast
pl.,
foedus, a,
about
holidays
ferlna, \,flesh
ofwildanimals, game
fortuna,
i, fortune, fate
Francogallicus, a, um, French
I hurry
feetinCS, i,
frenum,
fretum,
firmo,
ful
frtimentum,
tlO,
I,
arm of the
sea
2,
com
vain
frustra, in
fuga, \,flight
fugo, I, I puttoflight, rout
fugatus, a, um, routed
fundamentum, 2, foundation
funis (Gen. Plur. funium),
tudin-), ^, fir/itness
fl.xvus, a,
Humen
channel,
2,
[fruit-bearing]
2, bridle
firmiludo
149
(-min-), 3, river
3,
m.,
rope
fluvius, 2, river
G.
Gallia,
i,
Gaul
a, um,
genuB (gener-),
Germanicus,
fretum
Galiicum, the English channel
Gallicus,
gallina,
i,
Gallus,
2,
Gallic
gl5ria,
\,
3, ^/mj'
2,
[gener-al]
um, German
German
glory, fame
Germanus,
hen
m Gaul, an inhabitant of
a,
(adj.)
(noun)
Graecia, i, Greece
GraecuB, a, um, Greck
gramineus, a, um, grassy
grandis, 3, adj., (5?> [grand]
gratuB, a, um, pleasing
guberno, i / steer, guide [govern]
gens (gent-),
gusto,
Gaul
gallus, 2, cock
3,
race [gentile]
I,
taste
H,
with
habito, 1, / dwell
inhabit
hasta, I, spear
herba, \,grass, herb
',
liil)crnia,
I,
Acc, /
Ireland
um, Irish
hic, here, at this point
llilicrnicus, a,
nowadays
3,
('vilized
ALPHABETICAL VOCABULARY
150
2, breakfast
igitur, therefore, then
ignavus, a, um, co^vardly
ignoro, \, I do not kno~u [ignore]
ignotus, a, um, unknou/n
ille, illa, illud,
yonder
illustro, I, I light up [illustrate]
imber (imbr-), 3, shower ofrain
immigro, I, I immigrate
imperStor (imperator), 3, general
illic,
inde, thenct
impiger,
impigrum,
impigra,
um,
ingratus, a,
grateful
inhumanus,
inopia,
a,
say
inquit, says
inquimus, we say ;
inquiunt, they say
insectatio (-ion-), 3, pursuit
infligniB, 3, adj., distinguished
in stO, -stSre, -stitl (with Dat.), 1
I,
he, he says
pursue
insula, i, island
among
interdum, sauietimes
interea, meanwhile
interior (interiOr-), 3, interior, inner
i, I ask, enquire
interrogo,
intervalhim, 2, interval
intra (wiih Acc.
),
I enter
I, I water
within
iudicS,
incommodum,
iustus, a, \xm,just,
incullus, a,
2, disaster
um, uncultivated
labor (labOr-),
labOro,
laetitia,
lamir.a,
\,
I,
Latiuus,
latus, a,
3, labotir, toil
/ labour, am
in difficulties
delight, pleasure
plate
a,
um, Latin
laudandus,
laudO,
lavO,
I,
I,
1'erf.
lgStU8, 2, lieutenant-general
legiO (iOn-), 3, legion
un-
um, uncivilized
impl6r5, i, I i?nplore
importo, i / import, carry in
impugno, i, I attack
in (with Abl.), in or on
(with Acc. ), itito or onto
incito, I, I urge, urge on, incite
incola, i, inhabitant
,
huge
unpleasing,
'want, poverty
i,
inquam, say
or
infinite
3, adj.,
ingens (ingent-),
[emperor]
inipcrium, 2, command\txa^\x\
impero (with Dat.), I itnpose (upon)
um,
infinitus, a,
intro, I,
irrigo,
[irrigate],
thus
itaque, accordingly, therefore
ita,
Ijudge
proper
lenis, 3, adj
.,
it
delights
gentle [lenient]
lente, slowly
levo,
I,
lighten, relieve ( 5)
ALPHABETICAL VOCABULARY
I, tongue, language
llnum, 2,Jlax
littera, i, leller (of the alphabet)
Htterarius, a, um, connected with
lingua,
locus,
Londinium,
2,
or
),
15
Ifina, I,
lupus,
///.)
LonJon
moon
2, VJOlf
luscinia, i, nightingale
lui (luc),
longe, far
3, light
M.
machina, i, machine
magister, 2, schoolmaster, teacher
metallum,
2,
metal
meus
magnitudo
milea
(-tudin-), 3, size,
magni-
milia,
titde
magnopere
maxime,
me, me
mecum, with me
mediocriter, moderately, tolerahly
mediterraneus, a, um, midland, in-
land:
mediterranea,
pl.,
n.,
the midlands
medius,
a,
meinLruni,
mercalura,
(mllit-), 3, soldier
3, miles, lit. thousands
limb [member]
commerce [merchan-
dise]
inergus. 2, sca-^uh
meridianus, a, uni, southcrn [from
merldies, mid-day]
{oj
paces)
military service
militia, l,
mllito,
l,
I scrve
mobihtas
Mona,
(-tat-), 3,
mohility
of Anglesey
monstrans (monsUant-),
pointing
monstrO, i, I shoiu, point
I, Isle
monumentum,
chiefly
meum, my
2,
3,
adj.,
monument
mora, i, detay
mortuus, a, um, dead
mos (mor-), 3, custom
mox, /;; due course {sooti)
mullitCRiO (-tudin-), 3, multitude
multus, a, um, much: multi, ac,
many ; multum
very
(adv.),
much, very
a,
much,
multo, by
much (multo maior, inuch
greater, lit. greater by much)
nirinilio, 3,
murmurO,
mflrus, 2,
buhcark
I muimur
wall
I,
ALPHABETICAL VOCABVLARY
52
N.
noctu, by night, in the nighttime
ni)Cturnus, a, um, of the night
nam, for
narro, i, I tell, narrate
natiO (-iOn-), 3, tribe [nation]
nato,
I,
I swim,
batlte
nOmino,
natura, i, nature
natus, a, um, bom
ante Christum natum =B. C.
post Christum natum = A. D,
nauta, i, sailor
navigatiO (-ion-), 3, voyage
nSvigium, 2, vessel, ship
navigO, i, /53// [navigate]
nSvis (Gen. Plur. nSvium), 3, ship;
navis longa, ship
nOn,
nebula,
i,
nuUi,
sometimes
(lit.
not
never)
;w//tf]
nSnnumquam,
ofwar
call
cloiid
I name,
i,
7iot
novus,
7ior
um,
kiioivn
um, new
a,
nox
nnmeruB,
nihil, nothing
nimis, too
nisi, unlesSy if... not, except
nobis, to us
nummuB, 2, coin
numquam, never
nunc, now
nuntio, i, I announce
(noct-), 3, night
number
nobiscum, witA us
o.
obscurO, I, I obscure
obses (obsid-), 3, hostage
occidens (occident-), 3, the West
occulto, I, I hide
occupo, I, I seize [occupy]
oceanus, 2, ocean
octingenti, ae, a, eight
hundred
ocloginta, eighty
2, eye
officium, 2, dtity
omnia, Neut. Plur. of omnes, all
things, everything
omnino, altogether
omnis, 3, adj., every\ Plur. omnes,
oculuB,
m. and
oner&rius, a,
f.,
omnia,
n., all
um, of burden
onus (oner-),
opera,
I,
oppidum,
3, hurden [ex-oner-ate]
attention, study
2,
town
oppugnO,
I,
attack
I,
orbis,
shore
3, m.,
terrarum
ordO
(-din-), 3,
med
circle
[orb]
orbis
world
m., raw^ [ordin-ary]
the
ALPHABETICAL VOCABULARY
umandus,
a, um.yf/ to be equipped
omatus, a, um, ortiamented
ornQ, I, I equip, ad-orn
for ( 20)
pars (part), 3, part
parvus, a, um, small, little
patria, i country, fatherland
patruus, 2, uncle
pauci. ae, ti,few, afew
pauluin, a little
pax (pc-), 3, peact
pecunia, i, money
,
pedes (pedit-),
^, foot-solJier
foot
pharus, 2, f., light-house
piger, pigra, pigrum, /azy, s/uggish
pila, I, ba//\^\\\'\
0r8,
I ask,
I,
53
entreat
ostrea, i, oyster
pSmum,
app/e
2,
poBSum
/ carry
pot-sum), p)osse(
esse), potuT,
I am
pot
ab/e
postquam,
when)
after (
poatridie, on the next day
poatulO, I, I demand
praecipito, i, //:/-/ [prccipitate]
praecipuus, a, um, especia/, particu/ar
praeclSruB, a, xxm, famous
praeda, 1, prey, booty
praefectus, 2, officer [prefect]
praefectus classis, admira/
praeparo, l, I prepare
prae-sto, -stare, -stiti, / perform,
exhibit
prae-sum, -esse, -fui (wiih Dat.),
/ am in command of
praetcrea, besides
prandium,
2,
/umh
pretium, 2, price
primo, at first
primus,
um, yfr.f/
a,
princeps (princip-),
3,
prince
planta, i p/ant
planus, a, \xm,flat [plane]
proelium,
2, beUt/e
profundus,
properO, i,
propinquus,
I hasten
a,
um, neighbouring
propositum, 2, propcsa/
propter (wilh Acc), on atcourti ef
propulso,
I,
I drive back
ALPHABETICAL VOCABULARY
154
pugnans (pugnant-),
pugno, I, Ifight
prospere, success/ully
prO sum,
-esse,
/ am
-ful (with
helpfnl, do
Dat.))
adj.,/^A//^
good
provoIO, I, I dash/orth
proximus, a, um, nearest, next,
beautiful, handsome
pulchre, beautifully
last
pruina, i,frost
puella, I girl
puer, 2, boy
,
pugna,
3,
3,
lyfight, battlt
qmnque, five
quintus, a, \xm,fifth
quo, whilher,
a,
um,
which
quOmodS, how
quondam, once on a
quinquagesimus,
to
quod, that
7vhy
time, formerly
quoque, too, also, even
tum quoque, then too, even then
quota hora est ? what o'clock is it ?
quota hora, at what o\lck ?
fijtieth
R.
rex (reg-), 3, king
Rhenus, 2, the Rhine
ripa, I, bank
rivus, 2, stream [river]
redambulo,
I walk
back
royal
queen
ruler, petty kittg
i,
regalis, 3, adj.,
reglna,
i,
regulus, 2,
reliquiae, I, pl., relics
reliquus, a, um, the rest,
R5ma, I, Rome
ESmSnuB, a, um, Roman
the re-
maining
rosa,
remigo, i, I row
remotus, a, um, remote
remuB, 2, oar
reparo, l, I refit, repair
reportO, i / carry eff (or back)
rose, rose-tree
I,
rostrum,
rota, I,
ram
2, beak,
wheel
ruinae,
i, pl.,
ruins
um, rustic
Rulupiae, l, pl., Richhrough
Rutuplnus, a, um, belonging
rusticus, a,
reservO, I, I reserve
revera, really
revoco, i, I recall
Richborough
atrificC,
I,
I satrifict
saeculum, 2, century
BAepe, often
aevuB,
a,
um,
savage, cru*l
to
ALPHABETICAL VOCABUt^ARY
iaffilfa,
salutO,
I salute,
um,
satiatus, a,
I,
schola, I,
scientia,
BOlum, on/y
somnio,
enough
I dream
i,
sonus, 2, sound
spectO, I, I see, watch, gate ai
specula, i, watch-tower
BperO, I, I hope
splendor (splendOr-), 3, sp/endour
spumifer, spumifera, spumiferum,
boat [skifT]
school ; pl. lessons
i, science,
Bcopulus,
greet
satisfied
satia, sufficiently,
scapha,
arrow
I,
I,
^l^
knowledge
rock
ScOiicus, a, uni, Scottish
scri[)lito, I, I write, scribhle
se, hiiiiself, themselves : inter
2, cliff,
[spuma,
foainy
se,
foam,
-fer,
bearing'^
spiimo,
I foam
I,
seJ, bitt
senteniia, i, opinion
sCparo, I, I separate
scptentriOnCs, the North
septimus, a, um,
slalura,
stella,
sez'enth
subministro,
silva,
simulficrum, 2, image
8ine (with Abl.), without
situs, a, um, situated
sive
sive,
whether
I supp/y
so as,just aj)
si^n,fiag
wood,forest
(lit.
2,
I,
i,
if
Bicut, as
i,fo//y
stultitia,
signum,
I stand
i,
serO, late
sl,
hcight, stature
star
I,
I,
or
own men
their)
T.
taberna, l, inn [tavern]
quam, so
tam, so tam
tamen, nevertheless, hoivcver
hames
Tamesa, I, m., I
tandem, at /ength
tantum, so much, or on/y
tecum, with
te, tliee, you ;
with you
tegimen (-min-), 3, covering
tempero, i, I coo/, temper
:
tempestas
.
as
(-tat-), 3,
tempus (tempor-),
tempest, weather
3,
time [tempor-
ary]
tenebrae, I, Plur.,
terra, i, /and
darkmss
um, third
decimus, thirteenth
testimonium, 2, testimony, evidenct
tertius, a,
thee,
tertius
testudO
(tudin-),
she/ter
3,
tortoise-she//,
ALPHABETICAL VOCABULAR Y
56
tintinnabuluin, 2, bell
thundering
hiirling machine
tonans (tonanl-),
tormentum,
2,
3, adj.,
triumpho,
tropacum,
many
um
trucido,
plur.,
tribe
exult
trophy
I slaughter, murder
I,
you
tum, then (=ai that
upon)
tumulus, 2,
titne or there-
mound
I triutnph,
2,
tu, thou,
irregular),
Trinobantes,
Essex
l,
in
u.
anuB,
ubi, where
ulluB, a, um, any (Gen. and Dat.
Sing. irregular)
uhnus, 2, f., ehn-tree
umbra, i, shade, shadow
una, together; unacum, togetherwith
urba (urb-),
urna,
undecimus,
a,
um, eleventh
um,
l,
3, city
[urban]
urn
ursus, 2, bear
usitatus, a, um, used, usual,
usque ad, right on till
ut, how or as
unda, i, wave
unde, whence
flniversuB,
a,
[universal]
um
a,
irregular), one
iitili, 3, adj.,
common
useful
together
all
V.
vacca, I, cov)
vaco, I, I amjree [vacant]
venia, l, pardon
Venta Belgaium,
vadum,
ventus,
2,
validus, a,
vallum,
2,
varius, a,
rampart
um, varied
v6ruB,
hunling
pl.,
a tribe on the
Coast of Gaul
venum-do,
Wcst
a,
(lit.
IVinchester
i,
wind
-dare,
\yk\\\xm,
2,
for
um,
true
-dedi,
sale
do,
/ sell
I offer^^
truth, indeed
vesper, 2, evening or evening star
[vespers]
vester, vestra, vestrum, your (of
sevcral persons)
vesligium, 2, vestige, trate
I,
Iforbid
ALPHABETICAL VOCABULARY
vexC,
via,
I,
,
L annoy,
way
vex
d$
road; in
myself to
intcr viam, on the
viclito, I,
man
vir, 2,
from the
viam me do, L give
the road, L start
rad,
via,
way
live
57
virtus (virtQt-),
3,
pliuk, couragt
[virtue]
visitd,
vita,
vitS,
/ visit
I,
life
I,
L avoid
victor (victOr-),
Ticteria,
vitrum, 2, woad
vii, scarcely, hardly
vobiscuni, witfi you
vobis, to yoit
3, victor
victory
vicus, 2, village
vigintl (indeclinable), twenty
viila,
I,
I,
country-house, villa
viola, I, Triolet
violo, I,
violai4
volito, I, L fly
\b%, ypit fplural)
vulims (vulner),
3,
able]
W.
38 B^idge
Strttt.
Aitrdttn
wound [vulner-
Professor
E. A.
SONNENSCHEIN,
D.Litt.
Published by Messrs.
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rREF.l IL'lTln.y
on
^ PARALLEL
GRAMMAR 5ERIE5.
EDITED Br
Ppofessop
E.
SONNENSCHEIN,
A.
D.Uitt.
OXon.
for Girls
" The Latin Accidence of the Parallel Grammir Series is in use throughout the King EdArard's School, Birminghara, and the Greek Accideoce oa the
I am dislinct.ly of opinion that one and the same Accidence
Classical Side.
should be prescnbed in every schaol learning the language, and that the
Grammar
Parallel
Accidences are the right ones to prescribe.
Grammatical curiosities are relegatea to their proper place, and the normal inflexione of the language are presentcd in a clear and orderly manner without
Bacrificing practical convenience to the suppoaed reeiuirements of scieutific
philology. When the Greek and the Latin Accidence of this series are used
Parallel
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Bide by side, the f urther esonomy eflected by the
R. Cary Gilson, M A., Head-master of the Schools of King
realised."
Edward VL in Birminghara ; late Assistant Maater at Harrow, and Fellow of
Triuity CoUege, Cambridge. (Feb. 26th, 1904.)
'
'
"The
English,
Grammari
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We
have for 8ome years been using the Parallel Grammars and ReaJera
and Writers intended to be studied along with thera. We were led to introduce these text-books from a sense of the souidness of tbe educational printo value them
experience has now tau.^ht
ciples on which they were based
also for the care and consistency with which these principles are carricd out.
We are convinccd that it is an incalculable gain to the c.iuse of systematic
'
instruction in our school that we are usiug books which enable us to preserve
uniformity in the grammar teachiug of the languages, as well as to connect
coherently translation and composition with this gramraar tcaching." The
" After recommending the Parallel Gramviar Seriet in many quartere, I cannot remember any one who was disappointed, or to whom the working out of
the same system through various languages did not come as something of a
I am sure that no teacher
revelation, for which tbey were intensely grateful.
who had once tried the effect of their arrangement of Conditional Sentencet
as against the traditional arrangement could be blind to the superiority of the
former." W. H. Seckeb, M.A., Oxon., Aysgarth School, Yorkshire.
" One of the most pressing needs of the day, in view of the muUiplication
of school Bubjects and the increased strain which it puts upon the pupil, is
concentration and simplification in the methods of teaching. What we have
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And
among the attempts which are being made to meet this demand, a high place
movement
this
sorre
must be accorded to the
started in
country
years ago for
Grammars are many, but
unification in the field of grammar teaching.
grammar is one that is to say, though the varielies of usage in different
languages are infinitely numerous, it is possible to treat them from a common
point of view to classify them on the basis of a common scheme of analysis
and terminology. The gain to the teacher ought to be enormous. Instead of
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sweet will of the framers of individual grammars, a single classification serves
for all the languages to be learned ; and this scheme, by repetition in connection with each new language studied, becomes part aad parcel of the mental
outfit of the pupil
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re-adjustment of the register and its evila were many, as Matthew Arnold
recognised.
In our own time a serious attempt has been made to remedy its
defects in Professor Sonnenschein' Parallel Grammar Series.^' Literature,
Feb. lOth, 1900.
;
" We have had frequent occasion to express our opinion of the varioua
volumes in this very useful series, and of the general features which characterise them all
their spirit and system are now so well known to all teachers
;
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