Influences On Adoption of Mobile Financial Services Among Cbae Students
Influences On Adoption of Mobile Financial Services Among Cbae Students
Influences On Adoption of Mobile Financial Services Among Cbae Students
Submitted By:
Balisalisa, Rodel F.
Malaque, Reggie B.
Mellijor, Jestone S.
December 2014
ACCEPTANCE SHEET
DBA
Member
Member
ABSTRACT
As time passes, technological development in some areas is observed, from the
use of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) to the fastest and newest way with the
use of mobile phone. This study aims to determine the influences on adoption of
mobile financial services among College of Business Administration Education
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers are very thankful and bless for accomplishing this
challenging thesis through Gods will. The researchers would like to thank God
for giving them courage, wisdom and strength to make this study possible.
The Researchers
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
ACCEPTANCE SHEET
ii
iii
ABSTRACT
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
LIST OF TABLES
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
Chapter
Page
1
2
3
3
13
16
16
17
17
17
18
19
20
22
28
29
30
31
REFERENCES
32
33
34
35
36
38
39
40
APPENDICES
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
K
44
45
49
56
57
58
59
60
61
List of Tables
Table
Page
Scale of Instrument
18
Profile of Respondents
22
26
29
31
33
35
List of Figure
Figure
Page
15
Conceptual Framework
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The advent of technology had brought advancement in some areas of the
society. Financial activity had been subject to such innovation, from the creation
of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) to internet banking and now to the fastest
and newest Mobile Financial Services (MFS) with the use of mobile phone to
access financial transactions. Developments in internet connectivity have
renewed the interest in internet banking among specific groups of individual. In
line with this, development in mobile and smart phones has become conducive to
many individuals in internet banking since they access anytime and anywhere
(Lee and Chung, 2009).
In the Philippines, mobile financial services started in the year 2000 when
mobile banking was introduced. More than 60 percent of the population have
mobile phones with nearly a billion SMS or text messages sent per day which
considered the country as texting capital of the world. The way Filipinos adopted
mobile enables the potential success of mobile services (GSMA, 2013).
Shi (2011) stated that mobile service seems to be a new lifestyle to public
and media. It means new possibility to do business to service provider. Financial
institutions such as banks, pawnshops and even telecom companies already
offer and utilize mobile phone to maximize their service. To name a few leading
banks that are into this mobile innovation are Banco De Oro (BDO), Bank of
Philippine Islands (BPI), Eastwest Bank and many more. The Bank of Philippine
Islands (BPI) launched the country's first mobile banking facility designed for the
banking needs of its clients who are always on the go in Davao City. For a start,
the bank partnered with 11 companies based in the city, which will be provided
with the latest technology in mobile banking, through the BPI ExpressLink Mobile
(Bagaforo, 2012).
Mobile Financial Services (MFS) basically an innovation that allow
customers to do financial transaction in their own convenience such as mobile
banking (m-banking). This research will explore the importance, influences and
the level of willingness to adopt mobile financial services among College of
Business Administration Education students of University of Mindanao.
Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study was to determine the important factors that
influence the adoption of mobile financial service among CBAE students.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender;
1.3 Status; and
1.4 Frequency of usage?
2. What is the level of financial attributes in adoption of mobile financial
services in terms of:
2.1 Relative Advantage;
2.2 Complexity;
2.3 Compatibility;
Hypothesis
There is no significant difference on the influences in adoption of mobile
financial services when grouped according to profile.
Review of Related Literature
Presented in this chapter is related literature and studies taken from the
newspaper, books, journals and internet materials.
Mobile users attracted to adopt mobile financial services because it can
easily manage and control your finances. Most of its users are the young
generations since they are much aware of the availability of mobile technology
and most likely to use them (Srinivas, Friedman, & Eckenrode, 2014).
Mobile devices have increasingly become tools that consumers use for
banking, payments, budgeting and shopping. According to Gross, Hogarth and
Schmiesser (2012), the use of mobile financial services among consumers has
continued to increase and the range of services offered has continued to expand.
Mobile banking (m-banking) is an extension of internet banking which
provides time independence, convenience, prompt response to consumers and
cost saving. This kind of activity gives opportunity for banks to increase their
consumer market through mobile services. It would serve m-banking service
providers well to understand the influence to use or adopt m-banking innovations
to young adults who are likely to be future adopters and users of m-banking
that perceived behavioural control and attitude towards mobile banking are the
determinants of the intention to adopt and this attitude is highly dependent on
complexity and relative advantage. Chung and Kwon (2009) sited that perceived
usefulness and lack of information found to be helping the adoption are the
common reason among other countries in the world. Furthermore, there are also
two factors that are considered as vital source of intention to use mobile banking.
In the study Yang (2010), found that speed of transaction and special
reduction transaction fees made the students to adopt mobile banking.
The
survey was conducted in the largest university in South Taiwan with 178 students
as respondents. This is supported by the study of Cruz et. al (2010) findings that
the perceived risk
Risk and privacy issues are said to be important contributing factors for
the slow uptake of mobile banking (Dupas, Green, Keats, & Robinson, 2012). In
contradiction, the study of Rammile and Nel (2012) found out students consider
mobile banking not prone to risk. Since students and young generations are
already expert in using mobile technology, insight of risk associated will be
reduced. Risk and privacy are important factors considered by bank in improving
their services and also to in increasing customer base. Through technological
innovation, an alternative banking option is possible opposed to traditional
banking. In the study of Gross et al. (2012), where it determines barriers to mbanking revealed that they were satisfied with their banking needs and the need
to change to m-banking is deemed unnecessary. This finding agree to the study
of Monitise (2012) wherein many customers prefer traditional retail banking for
their current banking needs is at satisfactory level without expanding new point of
view in banking services.
Increasing popularity of mobile financial services have arisen major
concerns that need regulatory attention. Among these are security and privacy
problems (Budnitz, 2012). If there is no sufficient security, there is indeed greater
risk involve. Theft, unauthorized transactions and customers privacy will be
assaulted. In order to avoid those risk associated, mobile financial providers must
coordinate with the government agencies to protect their customers and its
system. Security issues are the major hesitations of customers adopting mobile
financial services. Despite of the decline, constant personal financial information
remains. Also in the study of Comninos et. al (2008), convenience and security
social factors in using mobile banking (Akturan & Tezcan, 2012). Also in the study
among university students by Gimun, BongSik and Lee (2009) suggest that
potential customers of mobile banking are motivated by their attitudes towards
adopting mobile banking.
Trialability
Puschel et. al (2010) said that there will be rapid adoption if the new ideas
has been tried beforehand. These can be tried before the implementation may
result to high percentage of chances in adoption. On the other hand adoption will
be slower when the trial has not been possible. Aldas-Manzano et. al (2012)
argue that for financial services customers do not have the chance of trying them
before adoption took place.
Observability
The study of Cruz et. al (2010) showed that there is high probability of
adoption of an innovation when usage and benefits are easily observed. Also, in
another study by Liu and Li (2010) affirm that observability and easy to describe
lead to positive impact on people that will eventually use the innovation.
The study of Dass and Pals (2009) found out that lack of awareness
among customers serve as barriers not to adopt such technology from banking
institutions. It also stressed the demand for banking and financial services and
long distance to access retail bank offices had impact on the students to adopt or
reject such innovation.
As cited by Lou et. al (2010), most of the users of mobile banking are
among youth market since they already had the familiarity with the use of
technology particularly mobile phones. It is the direct reason why they most likely
to consider to adopt and use mobile banking. Also, supported by the study
Monitise (2012) found that most users of mobile banking services are relatively
young individual who had the knowledge and understanding on the use of
computer and internet.
Monitise (2012) reveals that the users of mobile banking are aged
between 25 and 34 years old, who value efficient use of time. With regards to the
security issues of mobile banking, their personal experience in using mobile
applications gives them the confidence.
Gross et. al (2012) found out that only 5% of the people between the age
18 and 25 years old do not have a mobile phone. This would be the reason
making them as the group who has the potential in adopting mobile financial
services. The increase in number of smartphone users will lead to the increase in
adoption of mobile banking in the coming years. The tertiary students in general
are potential users of mobile banking services.
The study of Yu (2009) that the number of male respondents in somewhat
higher than the number of female respondents in term of adopting mobile
financial services because men are more likely fascinated in the usage and
adoption of new technology and found the men use mobile banking compared to
women. In another study of Khraim, AL Shoubaki, & Khraim (2011), that male
respondents are higher than female in terms of adopting mobile financial services
because men are more interested and tend to adopt easily to new technology
compared to women.
The study of Hamza and Shah (2014) presented that there are already
evidences from different studies found that men and women differ in adoption of
mobile financial services. In their study, it indicates that it is significantly higher to
adopt among men than women. Similarly, Wandibba et. al (2013) sited that
because of the social roles being portrayed by gender in society, there is really
difference on the adoption of mobile financial services. Traditionally, gender roles
differ in economic activity of men and women.
Clark (2012) identifies three components that could help increase the
growth of mobile banking success in Africa. First, there is a large number of
mobile phone in all categories in the society. Second, there is a wide amount of
people who do not have bank accounts and people who have accounts do not
use them for various reasons. Lastly, a large number in Africa live in rural
communities where there is no banking infrastructure.
In the study of Rammile and Nel (2012), banks had come up with other
ways to provide their customers with financial management services with the use
of mobile banking because of the popularity of branch based retail banking but
with all the benefits of mobile banking. Adoption rate among youth markets and
other customers in general is still low. The need for further study of the leading
factors among customers is necessary whether they adopt or reject mobile
banking services. There is a limitation on the studies that focuses on the factors
that influence students to adopt the service. Identifying these factors will be
critical because it will be the basis in reducing the challenges of mobile baking
usage.
As cited by Amin (2007), it is a need to develop better system for internet
and mobile banking wherein potential users will have the confidence about it.
Providing them the necessary information and support to continue embrace the
technology.
Lee and Chung (2009), the success of mobile banking lies on the trust of
the customer as key factor. In another study by Kim et. al (2009), emphasized
initial trust as very important and have an impact on the usage of mobile banking
and relative benefits which support initial trust. Moreover, effect of trust has been
one of the few important dimensions that relates to the adoption of mobile
financial services (Gu et. al, 2009).
According to Nadim and Noorjahan (2008) that customer attitude,
perceived usefulness, security and privacy, and ease of use are significant and
related to adoption concerning risk and complexity of using mobile financial
services. Also, Masinge (2010) found out trust, perceived ease of usefulness and
perceived risk lead consumers to adoption.
Previous studies have examined that relative advantage, ease of use,
observalibility, complexity and compatibility are attributes which are frequently
most vital factors in the adoption of internet and mobile technologies (KoenigLewis et. al, 2010).
Relative advantage, complexity, compatability, trialability and observability
are the most important factors to be considered in this study.
Theoretical Framework
This study was anchored on the theory of Rogers (2003) which is the
Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DIT). It is one of the few theories that attempted
to seek and explore factors affecting an individual to adopt any technological
innovation.
Rogers describes diffusion of innovation as the process by which adoption
of an innovation is communicated to people over time by the given social system.
It can be regarded as a decision to make full use of an innovation. There are
identified several attributes of an innovation that influences the adoption of an
innovation. These are relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, trialability,
and observability.
Relative advantage refers to the degree of which an innovation is
perceived as better providing more benefits than its forerunner. Complexity is the
difficulty to use and understand the innovation. Compatibility is the degree to
which an innovation is perceived as the consistency of users past and existing
values, beliefs and experiences. Trialability refers to the degree of experimenting
the innovation on a limited basis before adopting. Observability refers to the
MAIN VARIABLE
Adoption of Mobile Financial Services
Relative Advantage
Compatibility
Complexity
Trialability
Observability
Age
Gender
Status
Frequency of Usage
MODERATING VARIABLE
Definition of Terms
Mobile Financial Services (MFS). Operationally it is defined as the use
of mobile phones in accessing financial transactions such as mobile banking (mbanking).
Students. Conceptually it is defined as the person who attends a school,
college, or university.
Adoption. Operationally it is defined as the process of accepting and
beginning to use new or different.
Influences.Conceptually it is defined as the power to cause changes
without directly forcing them to happen.
CHAPTER 2
METHOD
This chapter deals with the discussion of research methods and
procedures employed by the researchers in the study. These include the
research design, research respondent, research instruments, data gathering
procedure, and statistical treatment of the data.
Research Design
This study made used of the descriptive survey method. Descriptive
survey method easily determined the current profile of CBAE of the University of
Mindanao. It also determine the significant differences among group of
respondents. The research used a qualitative method that helped in extracting
data about the level on adoption of mobile financial service.
Research Respondents
The target respondents for the study were the current CBAE students of
the University of Mindanao. The sample was designated into meaningful
segments of mobile financial services were used to determine the sample size of
100 respondents. The researchers randomly chose the respondents.
Research Instruments
The research instrument used in this study was adapted and revised from
the research of Jabri and Sohail, (2012). The questionnaire comprised of two
parts. Part 1 is the profile of the respondents and part 2 was designed based on
the indicators found on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory (Rogers, 2003)
consisted of 25 items measuring the five variables, using a 5-point Likert-type
scale which means:
RANGE
4.50-5.00
3.50-4.49
DESCRIPTION
Very High
INTERPRETATION
The degree of agreement with the specific
High
2.50-3.49
Moderate
indicator is agreed.
The degree of agreement with the specific
1.50-2.49
Low
1.00-1.49
Very Low
indicator is disagreed.
The degree of agreement with the specific
indicator is strongly disagreed.
CHAPTER 3
ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION OF DATA AND FINDINGS
This chapter answers specific problems presented earlier. The data
presented, analyzed and interpreted based on the research questions of the
study. The researchers gathered the data and statistic showed in this chapter.
The researchers conducted a survey last August 19-22, 2014, to determine the
important factors that influence the adoption of mobile financial services among
CBAE students.
Profile of Respondents
There are 100 respondents for this study. These are the CBAE students of
University of Mindanao in Davao city. Table 1 result shows that there are 67%
female respondents and 33% male respondents. Most of them range 18 to 25
years old both male and female for 95% and 5% on the age bracket 26 - 35. In
terms of status, 99% of respondents are single and only 1% is married. It means
out of 100 respondents most of them are single upon the survey conducted.
The latter represents the frequency of using Mobile Financial Services by
CBAE students. There are respondents who were always using with 15%,
sometimes for 35%, 11% for often, seldom is 10% and 29% of the respondents
never had the chance to use it.
It contrast to the study of Khraim, AL Shoubaki, & Khraim (2011), that
male respondents are higher than female in terms of adopting mobile financial
services because men are more interested and tend to adopt easily to new
technology compared to women.
It confirms to the idea of Srinivas, Friedman, & Eckenrode (2014) that
most of its users are the young generations since they are much aware of the
availability of mobile technology and most likely to use them. Most of the
respondents fell on the age bracket 18 25 years old which are deemed to be
young generation.
Result on the usage agrees to the study of Yu (2013) that despite of the
numerous perceived benefits of mobile financial services for customers, it is not
increased at a rate as initially anticipated because of the lack of trust in the said
services. Even in developed countries like Sweden, USA and UK, the ratio of mbanking users and mobile phone users are low.
Table 1
Profile of Respondents
Profile
Frequency
Percentage
Gender
Male
33
33%
Female
67
67%
TOTAL
100
100%
Age
18 25
25 35
95
44
95%
1%
TOTAL
100
100%
Status
Single
Married
99
1
99%
1%
TOTAL
100
100%
Usage
Always
Sometimes
Often
Seldom
Never
15
35
11
10
29
15%
35%
11%
10%
29%
TOTAL
100
100%
relative advantage among mobile financial service. It shows that the students
agree on mobile financial service is a suitable way to manage finance with the
mean of 3.55. In terms of mobile financial services allows managing finance
economically the respondents said that they agree with a mean of 3.52. On the
other hand, in the area of mobile financial services manage finance efficiently,
the respondents agree with the mean of 3.46. In addition, respondents were
neutral on the mobile financial services gives greater control over finances with a
mean of 3.43. Finally, the students agree that using mobile financial services
enable users to accomplish tasks more quickly with the mean of 3.51. To sum up,
the overall mean of relative advantage is 3.53 with descriptive level of high.
The respondents were also asked on their perception in the area of
complexity. It shows that the respondents were neutral in mobile financial
services requires mental effort with a mean of 3.32. In the area of mobile
financial services technical skills, respondents agree with the mean of 3.77. Also,
the students agree that due to poor network of mobile in some area, it takes time
to do transaction with a mean of 3.79. In addition the respondents were neutral
with the mean of 3.45 in terms of it takes time to learn on how to use the mobile
financial services. Lastly, respondents agree that due to transaction error, there
might be loss of money with the mean of 3.51. Generally, with overall mean of
3.57 the descriptive level is high for complexity as financial attribute.
In the addition this study tries to measure the level of compatibility among
mobile financial service. With the mean of 3.66, the students agree on mobile
financial services fits personality like the way to manage finance. The
respondents were neutral to to try new technology with the mean of 3.48. Further
in the area of to adopt new innovation the respondents agree with the mean of
3.59. In addition the respondents were asked in terms of mobile financial service
compatible to lifestyle and they agree with a mean of 3.45. Lastly, the
respondents agree in using mobile financial services fits to working style with the
mean of 3.74. Generally, the overall mean of financial attribute for compatibility is
3.62 with a descriptive level of high.
The study tries to determine the level of trialability among mobile financial
services. Question 1 shows the mean of 3.35 means that the respondent were
neutral to use mobile financial services for at least one month. In question 2,
respondents agree to use mobile financial services as a trial basis on how does it
work with a mean of 3.50. Question 3 shows the mean of 3.53 with a descriptive
level of agree to try if it is applicable to activities. In addition, question 4 shows
the mean of 3.35 in where respondents were neutral to try because of its feature.
Finally, in question 5 in where students were also neutral to try because it is new
with the mean of 3.45. To sum up, the overall mean of financial attribute in terms
of trialability is 3.45 with a descriptive level of moderate.
The respondents were asked on their perception in the area of
observability. It shows that the respondents were neutral on mobile financial
services can be accessed anytime and anywhere with the mean of 3.45. The
students agree in mobile financial services have no queue with the mean of 3.55.
In the area of mobile financial services can be accessed when abroad the
students agree with the mean of 3.63. Also, the respondents agree to see the
result of the transaction immediately with the mean of 3.63. Finally in terms of
mobile financial services is useful and advantageous the respondents replied that
they agree with a mean of 3.71. In general, the overall mean of observability is
3.60 with a descriptive level of high.
The results of this study relates to many previous studies such as Deans
and Gray (2010), who explore the potential factors that may influence the
intention of mobile phone users to adopt mobile financial services. According to
Deans and Gray there are seven possible factors that play an important roles in
determining consumer decision intention to adopt mobile related marketing
namely; compatibility, perceived risk, complexity, relative advantage, trialability,
trustworthiness and permissibility. The findings by Deans and Gray found that
relative advantage of mobile services is the strongest influence in building
consumers intention and decision to adopt in which in our study came fourth out
of five indicators based on Rogers Diffusion of Innovation Theory.
Table 2
Level of Financial Attributes in Adoption of Mobile Financial Services in
terms of Relative Advantage, Complexity, Compatibility,
Trialability and Observability
Relative Advantage
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Mean
Description
3.55
High
3.52
High
3.46
Moderate
3.43
Moderate
3.67
High
3.53
High
Mean
Description
3.32
Moderate
3.77
3.79
High
High
3.45
Moderate
3.51
High
3.57
High
Mean
3.66
Description
High
3.48
3.59
3.64
Moderate
High
High
3.74
High
3.62
High
Mean
Description
3.35
Moderate
3.50
High
Continuation of Table 2
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Observability
Mobile Financial Services can be accessed
anytime and anywhere
Mobile Financial Services have no queue
Mobile Financial Services can be accessed
when you are abroad
See the result of the transaction immediately
Mobile Financial Services is useful and
advantageous
Overall Mean
3.53
3.35
3.45
3.44
High
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Mean
Description
3.45
Moderate
3.55
3.63
High
High
3.71
High
3.67
High
3.60
High
In table 3, the t-test was used to determine the significant difference in the
level of financial attributes when respondents were grouped according to their
gender. In the area of relative advantage as an indicator it shows the mean of
3.71 for male while 3.37 for female with the t-test of 2.00 which means that there
is significant difference. For complexity, the t-test value of 1.28 with the mean of
3.73 for male and 3.49 for female shows that there is no significant difference.
Further in the area of compatibility the mean for male is 3.80 and 3.53 for the
female with the t-test of 1.33 shows that there is no significant difference exist.
When it comes to trialability, it shows the mean of 3.71 for male and 3.30 for
female. In addition the t-test 2.54 means that there is significant difference exist.
Lastly in the indicator observability the result of t-test is 0.7 which means there
were no significant difference exist.
In resemblance to the study of Hamza and Shah (2014), that there are
already evidences from different studies found that men and women differ in
adoption of mobile financial services. In their study, it indicate that it is
significantly higher to adopt among men than women. Similarly, Wandeba et. al
(2013) sited that because of the social roles being portrayed by gender in society,
there is really difference on the adoption of mobile financial services.
Traditionally, gender roles differ in economic activity of men and women.
Table 3
Significance Difference in the Level of Financial Attribute in Adoption of
Mobile Financial Services When Analyzed According to
Respondents Gender
Indicator
Gender
Mean
Male
3.71
Relative
Advantage
Female
3.37
Male
3.73
Complexity
Female
3.49
Male
3.80
Compatibility
Female
3.53
Male
3.71
Trialability
Female
3.30
Male
3.69
Observability
Female
3.56
F-test
Decision
2.00
Reject
1.28
Accept
1.33
Accept
2.56
Reject
0.70
Accept
Table 4
Significance Difference in the Level of Financial Attribute in Adoption of
Mobile Financial Services When Analyzed According to
Respondents Age
Indicator
Relative
Advantage
Complexity
Compatibility
Trialability
Observability
Age
18-25
26-35
36-45
46 above
Overall
Mean
3.50
3.12
0
0
3.48
18-25
26-35
36-45
46 above
Overall
3.57
3.36
0
0
3.57
18-25
26-35
36-45
46 above
Overall
3.65
3.08
0
0
3.62
18-25
26-35
36-45
46 above
Overall
3.46
2.92
0
0
3.44
18-25
26-35
36-45
46 above
Overall
3.62
3.28
0
0
3.60
F-test
Decision
1.03
Accept
0.29
Accept
1.74
Accept
2.36
Accept
0.69
Accept
adoption of mobile financial services among the status, indicating that the degree
of adoption of mobile financial services is similar among respondents status.
Table 5
Significance Difference in the Level of Financial Attribute in Adoption of
Mobile Financial Services When Analyzed According to
Respondents Status
Indicator
Status
Single
Mean
3.48
Relative
Advantage
Married
4.2
Widowed
Overall
3.48
Single
3.56
Married
4.2
Widowed
Overall
3.57
Single
3.62
Married
Widowed
Overall
3.62
Single
3.43
Married
Widowed
Overall
3.44
Complexity
Compatibility
Trialability
F-test
0.77
0.53
0.16
0.53
Decision
Accept
Accept
Accept
Accept
Observability
Single
3.60
Married
Widowed
Overall
3.60
0.20
Accept
Table 6
Significance Difference in the Level of Financial Attribute in Adoption of
Mobile Financial Services When Analyzed According to
Respondents Frequency of Usage
Indicator
Relative
Advantage
Complexity
Compatibility
Usage
Mean
Always
Sometimes
Often
3.52
3.53
3.89
Seldom
3.02
Never
3.41
Overall
Always
3.48
3.61
Sometimes
Often
3.66
3.69
Seldom
Never
Overall
Always
Sometimes
Often
3.02
3.57
3.57
3.45
3.58
3.93
Seldom
Never
3.48
3.70
Overall
Always
3.62
3.51
F-test
value
Decision
1.6
Accept
1.16
Accept
0.52
Accept
Trialability
Observability
Sometimes
Often
3.41
3.64
Seldom
Never
3.44
3.35
Overall
3.44
Always
Sometimes
3.6
3.49
Often
Seldom
3.95
3.36
Never
3.69
Overall
3.60
0.3
Accept
0.8
Accept
CHAPTER 4
Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation
In this chapter, the researchers present the summary of findings, provide
the conclusions and offers recommendations. The study conducted in order to
determine the important factors that influences the adoption of mobile financial
services according to Diffusion of Innovation Theory by Rogers (2003). The
researchers also tried to measure the significant difference when respondents
are grouped according to their age, gender, status and usage. The level of
agreement was used for gathering the data through descriptive method while
using the questionnaires were used in collecting data for this study. The
respondents in this study were the UM CBAE students, there were 100 and there
is 100 percent retrieval rate of the questionnaires. The research was conducted
from June 09, 2014 to October 30, 2014.
Summary of findings:
Based on the data presented, the following were the findings of the study:
1. The profile of the respondents, in terms of age 33% are male and 67%
female. There are more respondents ages 18 to 25 years old with a
percentage of 95% and 5% for ages 25 to 35 years old. Similarly,
mostly of the respondents status are single with a frequency of 99 or
99%, only 1% was married and lastly 0% was coming from the
widowed.
2. There was a very low frequency of usage as to the mobile financial
services used by CBAE students. There were only 15% who said that
they always use mobile financial services, while 35% said sometimes.
There are 11% said often, 10% for seldom and 29% never had the
chance to try using it.
3. The level of financial attribute in adoption of mobile financial services
of UM CBAE students in terms of relative advantage the mean 3.53 or
high. While in terms of complexity, the mean score was 3.57 or high.
Further, in compatibility there was a mean of 3.62 that means high. In
trialability, the mean score was 3.44 or moderate. Lastly, in terms of
observability the mean was 3.60 or high.
4. Significant difference in the level of financial attribute in the adoption of
mobile financial services when respondents are grouped according to
their gender. There is significant difference in terms of relative
advantage with the T-test value of 2.00. In terms of complexity, the Ttest value of 1.28 shows there were no significant difference exist. In
compatibility, the T-test value of 1.33 also shows that there is no
significant difference exists. Further, in terms of trialability with the T-
CBAE
students adoption
of
mobile
financial
services.
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APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE
General Direction: Please accomplish this questionnaire carefully and honestly. Please
be restassured that any information that you supply will be treated with greatest
confidentiality and anonymity. Please respond by ticking (/), one answer among the
choices: strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree.
Part 1: General Information
Directions to the respondents: Please supply the following information on the
following questions by checking (
Name (Optional):_______________________________________________
Please place check
in the space
1. Profile of Respondents
Age
Status
18-25
Single
26-35
Married
36-45
Widowed
46 above
Gender
Male
Female
Sometimes
Often
Seldom
Never
Part 2
Direction: Please check one box that correspond your answer to each questions.
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Relative Advantage
Observality
Complexity
1. Mobile Financial Services requires
mental effort
2. Mobile Financial Services technical
skills
3. Due to poor network of mobile in some
area, it takes time to do transaction
4. It takes time to learn on how to use the
mobile financial services
5. Due to transaction error, there might
loss of money
Trialability
1. I want to use Mobile Financial Services
for at least one month
2. I want to use Mobile Financial Services
as a trial basis on how does it work for
me
3. I want to try if it is applicable on my
activities
4. I want to try because of its feature
5. I want to try beacause it is new
If you have any comments and suggestions, please dont hesitate to write it in the
following:
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Thank you for your time and effort to answer this survey questionnaire.
APPENDIX C
VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENT
VALIDATORS
Doctor Marcelina C. Falcon
Professor Rosalia T. Gabronino
Professor Anabelle A. Lopez
Over-all
5 - Excellent
4 - Very Good
3 - Good
2 - Fair
1 Poor
MEAN
4
4
4
4
DESCRPTIVE
EQUIVALENT
Very Good
Very Good
Very Good
Very Good
APPENDIX D
LETTER TO STATISTICIAN
APPENDIX E
CERTIFICATE FROM THE STATISCIAN
APPENDIX F
LETTER TO GRAMMARIAN
APPENDIX G
CERTIFICATE FROM THE GRAMMARIAN
APPENDIX H
TURNITIN RESULT
APPENDIX I
CURRICULUM VITAE
RODEL F. BALISALISA
Diatagon, Lianga, Surigao del Sur
[email protected]
Birthdate
: November 6, 1993
Birthplace
: Diatagon, Lianga, Surigao del Sur
Age
: 21 years old
Weight
: 63 kgs.
Height
: 57
Gender
: Male
Status
: Single
Religion
: Roman Catholic
Citizenship
: Filipino
Fathers Name
: Rogelio N. Balisalisa
Occupation
: None
Mothers Name
: Midelene F. Balisalisa
Occupation
: Teacher
Language/ Dialect Spoken: Bisaya, Tagalog and English
Educational Background
Year
Tertiary Education:
University of Mindanao
Bolton St., Davao City
Secondary Education:
St. Christine National High School
St. Christine, Lianga, Surigao del Sur
Elementary Education:
2009-2010
2005-2006
REGGIE B. MALAQUE
Purok 1, San Roque Maramag, Bukidnon
[email protected]
Birthdate
: February 16, 1992
Birthplace
: Maramag, Bukidnon
Age
: 22 years old
Weight
: 68 kgs.
Height
: 510
Gender
: Male
Status
: Single
Religion
: Roman Catholic
Citizenship
: Filipino
Fathers Name
: Ernesto D. Malaque
Occupation
: Deceased
Mothers Name
: Fe B. Malaque
Occupation
: Housewife
Language/ Dialect Spoken: Bisaya, Tagalog and English
Educational Background
Year
Tertiary Education:
University of Mindanao
Bolton St., Davao City
Secondary Education:
Bukidnon National School of Home Business
Maramag, Bukidnon
2007-2008
Elementary Education:
San Roque Elementary School
Maramag Bukidnon
Affiliation
JCFAP Member
JFINEX Member
CSG Secretary
2003-2004
JESTONE S. MELLIJOR
Purok Durian, Magugpo East, Tipaz, Tagum City
[email protected]
Birthdate
: October 5, 1992
Birthplace
: Apokon, Tagum City
Age
: 22 years old
Weight
: 65 kgs.
Height
: 57
Gender
: Male
Status
: Single
Religion
: Roman Catholic
Citizenship
: Filipino
Fathers Name
: Ananias M. Mellijor
Occupation
: Mason
Mothers Name
: Celsa S. Mellijor
Occupation
: Housewife
Language/ Dialect Spoken: Bisaya, Tagalog and English
Educational Background
Year
Tertiary Education:
University of Mindanao
Bolton St., Davao City
Secondary Education:
Tagum National Trade School
Apokon Road, Tagum City
2000-2010
Elementary Education:
Apokon Elementary School
Apokon Tagum City
Affiliation
JFINEX Member
CSG 4th year Representative
2005-2006