PIERS Proceedings, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA, March 2730, 2012

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Analysis Different Methods of Microstrip Antennas Feeding for

Abstract The paper describes problems related to antenna technology. The paper shows
the construction of different microstrip antennas on a dielectric substrate operating on 1.8 GHz.
Microstrip antennas in antenna technology appeared relatively late, but in recent years has been a
very large development of the design of these antennas and the huge interest in their capabilities.
The article presents four models of single-layer microstrip antenna operating on the same 1.8 GHz
frequency. Each of antennas was feed in other ways. For each of the antenna models designer
set parameters such as VSWR, input resistance, input reactance and radiation pattern. Antenna
model that characterized the best parameters was constructed. The article presents the results
of measurements of the antenna built in the anechoic chamber. The results were compared
with those obtained in simulation using CST software. Also presents the detailed design of the
antenna, which has been built. The article also analyzes the results of computer simulations and
measurements, thereby demonstrating the advantages and disadvantages of microstrip antennas
with different feeding.
1. INTRODUCTION

The microstrip antennas have been one of the most innovative fields of antenna techniques for the
last fifteen years. In high-performance spacecraft, aircraft, missile and satellite applications, where
size, weight, cost, performance, ease of installation, and aerodynamic profile are constraints, low
profile antennas may be required. Presently, there are many other government and commercial
applications, such as mobile radio and wireless communications that have similar specifications. To
meet these requirements, microstrip antennas can be used. These antennas are low-profile, conformable to planar and non-planar surfaces, simple and inexpensive to manufacture using modern
printed circuit technology, mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces, compatible with
MMIC designs, and when particular patch shape and mode are selected they are very versatile in
terms of resonant frequency, polarization, pattern, and impedance. In addition, by adding loads
between the patch and the ground plane, such as pins and varactor diodes, adaptive elements with
variable resonant frequency, impedance, polarization, and pattern can be adjusted [1]. Radiating
patch may be square, rectangular, circular, elliptical, triangular, and any other configuration. In
this work, rectangular microstrip antennas are the under consideration.
Millimeter wave printed antennas can take on many forms, including microstrip patch elements
and a variety of proximity coupled printed radiators. The microstripline-fed printed slot and the
aperture coupled patch are examples of the latter type and may be useful in certain planar array
applications.
2. METHODS OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FEEDING

One of the most important issues is the wide operating band of the antenna, but is one of the weaker
points of planar antennas, which are characterized by narrow-band operation. The work carried
out in this regard, are intended to broaden a frequency band planar radiator work by increasing the
number of dielectric layers and placing suitably located additional planar passive element, which
in turn leads to a reduction in the goodness of the antenna.
There are several basic methods for microstrip antennas feeding, which are presented in Fig. 1.
3. ANALYSIS OF FEEDING METHODS

In the analysis of the impact of feeding on the parameters of the antennas will be considered work
bandwidth antennas, impedance matching and shape of the radiation pattern. We try sought
a solution that will give the wideband of work while maintaining a directional radiation patterns.
From the numerical analysis was determined sequentially following parameters for presented models
of antennas (Fig. 2): WFS, input impedance (resistance, reactance), radiation pattern.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, KL, MALAYSIA, March 2730, 2012

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

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Figure 1: Methods of microstrip antennas feeding: (a) microstrip line, (b) coaxial line, (c) through the slot,
(d) by coupling.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Figure 2: Analyzed models of microstrip antennas.

Figure 3: The VSWR course of tested antennas in the frequency function.

In Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are shown values of VSWR, input resistance and input reactance for the
different models of antennas. The highest bandwidth is obtained for construction work fed slot,
however, after taking into account the shape of the radiation pattern (antenna radiates symmetrically in two directions, a small gain directional < 3 dBi), this design was rejected and not taken
into account in further considerations (Fig. 6).
After analyzing the results obtained in the simulation were selected antenna model shown in
Fig. 7. It is a planar antenna fed by microstrip line of the radiator in the shape of a rectangle
with beveled corners. To built antenna were used the ULTRALAM 2000 laminate from Rogers
Corporation with a thickness H = 1.524 mm and dielectric r = 2.6, tan = 0.0019. Radiating
element size is, respectively, L = W = 50.65 mm, the plurality of miter corners radiating element
describes Lt = 3.72 mm. Dimensions of power line are as follows: Lm = 29.45 mm, Lf = 28.42 mm,

PIERS Proceedings, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA, March 2730, 2012

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Wm = 1.234 mm, Wf = 4.315 mm.

Figure 4: The input resistance course of tested antennas in the frequency function.

Figure 5: The input reactance course of tested antennas in the frequency function.

Figure 6: Radiations pattern for microstrip fed slot antenna.

Figure 7: Construction of the antenna model chosen for the implementation.

Figure 8: Summary of simulation results and measurements WFS.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, KL, MALAYSIA, March 2730, 2012

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Figure 9: The input resistance course of tested antennas in the frequency fun.

Figure 10: The input reactance course of tested antennas in the frequency function.

Figure 11: Radiation pattern in the plane V.

Figure 12: Summary of the characteristics of the radiation radiating a single element and two elements
array (plane V).

4. THE MEASUREMENT RESULTS

In order to verify the results obtained in the simulation we performed measurements of electrical
parameters and radiation characteristics of selected antnna. In order to investigate the antenna were
measured the following parameters: VSWR, gain, radiation patterns and input impedance. The
measurement of VSWR and input impedance (real and imaginary part) of the discussed microstrip
active antennas in frequency domain are presented below(Figs. 6 and 7).
5. CONCLUSION

Considering the results of measurements of microstrip antenna can be stated that the selected
antenna is characterized by good electrical parameters. The shape of the radiation characteristics
is consistent with theoretical assumptions. Results of the simulation electrical parameters and
characteristics of antenna has been confirmation by measurements. The measured operating band
for the simulation results has shifted about 12 MHz in the range of lower frequencies. From the
presented antennas the chosen antenna is characterized by the highest bandwidth of work while
maintaining a directional radiation pattern shape.
Microstrip antennas are currently widely used in the construction of modern antennas, primarily
in the so-called reported. antenna systems. Such technologies are used both in the construction of
radar antennas, Wi-Fi and cellular sector antennas in UMTS.

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PIERS Proceedings, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA, March 2730, 2012

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The research work financed from the financial funds assigned to the science in the years 2011/2013
as the development work. The research work is realized in Poland.
REFERENCES

1. Bahl, I. J. and P. Bhartia, Microstrip Antennas, Artec House, 1980.