CLIENT

PROJECT
Location
Sub-Location

CONSTRUCTION COMPANY LIMITED

APARTMENT BUILDING
2-BEDROOM APARTMENT MODEL
Pad footing - H1

Date
By
Project:

Reference

6-Apr-15
G Engineer
135-006

Calculation

Output

References:
1 - ACI 318M-05, Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2005
2 - ASCE 7-10, Minimum Design loads for Buildings & Other Structures, 2010
3 - Preliminary Geotechnical report, Trintoplan Consultants Limited, October 2013
4 - STAAD output
5 - ASTM A615-04, Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
Summary of calculation checks
Soil bearing capacity
Two-way (punching) shear
One-way
(x-axis)
One way (wide beam) shear (x
axis)
One-way (wide beam) shear (z-axis)
Flexural moment capacity (x-axis)
Flexural moment capacity (z-axis)
Shrinkage rfct (x-axis)
Shrinkage rfct (z-axis)
Starter bar reinforcement
Starter bar embedment
Starter bar development length

Utilisation ratio (actual vs capacity)

1.00 OK in soil bearing capacity
0.55 OK in two-way (punching) shear
0.31
(x-axis)
0 31 OK in one-way
one way (wide beam) shear (x
axis)
0.43 OK in one-way (wide beam) shear (z-axis)
0.49 OK in flexural rfct (x-axis)
0.49 OK in flexural rfct (z-axis)
0.64 OK in minimum shrinkage reinforcement
0.64 OK in minimum shrinkage reinforcement
OK for starter bar min. reinforcement
OK for embedment depth
OK for development length

**this condition governs**

Note for user and reader: Cells in yellow (or shaded) denote user-input cells. All other cells are calculated via this spreadsheet using the relevant
base data, material and guidance from the noted References
FOOTING GEOMTERY & MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Foundation geometry
column width (in X-direction), px =
column breadth (in Z-direction), pz =
column height (in Y-direction), H
Footing thickness, h
Founding depth below GL
Length of footing, L (in X-direction)
Length of footing, B (in Z-direction)
Footing shape:

400
400
25
400
1000
2150
2150
Square

400
400
25
400

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

2150
2150
25

Calculation of footing & soil surcharge weight

Concrete density (kN/m3)
Column weight
Pad weight

Ref 4: Tbl C3-2

Soil weight above pad (assumes =20kN/m3) =

Total footing & soil weight
eight Ff =

23.1
0.1
42.6
90.5
133 3
133.3

Material properties
28-day concrete comp. strength, f'c
Ref 1: 7.7.1
Ref 5

Ref 3

25
Cover to reinforcement
75
Main reinforcement to be used A615 Gr 60
Reinforcement yield strength, fy =
420
Effective depth, d
317
Allowable soil bearing capacity, qa
115.0

kN/m
kN
kN
kN
kN

400

400

N/mm2
mm

400

2150

2150

fcu=25MPa

N/mm
mm
2
kN/m

LOADING DATA
Note; Use Serviceability Limit state values when checking for soil bearing pressures. There is already a Factor of Safety built in to the allowable
bearing pressure parameter as outlined in the geotehcnical report.
Use Ultimate Limit State results for all other design checks.

Ref 4

Ref 4

Serviceability Limit State results

From STAAD output, using Serviceability Limit state analysis:
Fx (kN)
Fy (kN)
Maximum FY occurrence (SLS)
53.5
381.3

Fz (kN)
79.4

Mx (kNm) My (kNm) Mz (kNm)

10.2
0.7
4.4

Node
1007

Ultimate Limit State results

From STAAD output, using Ultimate Limit state analysis:
Fx (kN)
Fy (kN)
Maximum FY occurrence (ULS)
1.1
700.6

Fz (kN)
35.6

Mx (kNm) My (kNm) Mz (kNm)

4.9
0.1
7.6

Node
1007

Page 1 of 7

CLIENT
PROJECT
Location
Sub-Location

CONSTRUCTION COMPANY LIMITED

APARTMENT BUILDING
2-BEDROOM APARTMENT MODEL
Pad footing - H1

Date
By
Project:

Reference

6-Apr-15
G Engineer
135-006

Calculation

Output

CHECK ON SOIL BEARING PRESSURES

514.6
Bearing pressure along x-axis
Pressure distr. under base: qmax,min =
Ref 4

Use Fy (serviceability) =
Load FV on underside of footing = Fy+Ft =
FV/LB =
MZ+FXH/BL2 =
qmax=
qmin=
Bearing pressure along z-axis
Pressure distr. under base: qmax,min =

FV
M Z FX H

LB
BL 2
381.3
514.6
111.3
2.3
113.6
113 6
109.0

53.5

kN
kN

2150

kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2

FV
Mx FzH

LB
LB 2

514.6
79.4

Ref 4

Use Fy (serviceability) =
Load FV on underside of footing = Fy+Ft =
FV/LB =
MX+FZH/LB
/ 2=
qmax=
qmin=

Ref 3

Use max bearing pressure as pa =

Allowable soil bearing capacity, qa
Ratio of pa to qa =

381.3
514.6
111.3
3.4
114.7
107.9

4.4

kN
kN
kN/m2
2
kN/m
kN/m2
kN/m2

0.7

2150

114.7 kN/m2
115.0 kN/m2
0.998 OK in soil bearing capacity

CHECK FOR COLUMN BEARING (transfer of load from column to footing)

OK in soil bearing
capacity

700.6

Nominal column or bearing load capacity, Pn

Ref 1: 10.17.1

Pn(0.85f'cA1)*[A2/A1]

Ref 1: 9.3.2.4

A1 =
A2 = (px+4d)*(pz+4d) =
A2/A1 (but max. 2.0)=
f'c =

Ref 1: 10.17.1

Pn
Fy =

Ref 4

Ratio of Fy to Pn

0.65
0.160
2.782
2.00
25.0
4,420
700.6
0.16

[unitless]
m2
m2
[unitless]
N/mm2
kN
kN
OK in column bearing resistance

OK in column
bearing resistance

SHEAR CHECKS
Check for Two-way (punching) shear capacity Vn
Where 0.75
VnVc Assuming that no shear reinforcement is used in the footing

Ref 1: 9.3.2.3
Ref 1: 11.1.1

Ref 1: 11.12.1.2 Shear perimeter is located at a distance of 1.0d outside of the column/column face

Shear perimeter length, bo is given by

bo = 2(px+d)+(2(pz+d)
px =
400 mm
pz =
400 mm
d=
bo =
Factored net soil pressure qu =
Fy = Pu =
qu =

317 mm
2868 mm
Pu/BL
700.6 kN
151.6 kN/m2

Find the total shear force for two-way shear, VU2

where VU2 = Pu-qu(px+d)(py+d)
VU2 =
622.7 kN

Page 2 of 7

CLIENT
PROJECT
Location
Sub-Location

CONSTRUCTION COMPANY LIMITED

APARTMENT BUILDING
2-BEDROOM APARTMENT MODEL
Pad footing - H1

Date
By
Project:

Reference

6-Apr-15
G Engineer
135-006

Calculation

Output

Calculate the nominal shear strength

strength, VC of the footing
Vc (kN) = min of

Ref 1: 11.12.2.1

(a)
(b)
(c)

0.17(1+2/)f'cbod
0.083([sd/bo]+2)f'cbod
0.33f'cbod

Condition (a)

d=
Vc-condition (a)
( )=

Ref 1: 11.12.2.1

Condition (b)
Column location for determining s =
s =
f'c =
bo =

1.00 [unitless]
2
25.0 N/mm
2,868 mm

2150

317 mm
2,318.3
2
318 3 kN
Edge
30 [unitless]
2
25.0 N/mm
2,868 mm

d=
Vc-condition (b) =

317 mm
2,005.7 kN

Vc-condition (c) =

1,500.1 kN

2150

Ratio of long side to short side of col, =

f'c =
bo =

Condition (c)

Vc = min of

Use Vc =
Vc =
VU2 =
Ratio of VU2/Vc =

(a)
(b)
(c)
1,500.1
1,125.1
622.7
0.55

2,318.3 kN
2,005.7 kN
1,500.1 kN
kN
kN
kN
OK in two-way (punching) shear

OK in two-way
(punching) shear

Check for one-way (wide beam) shear:

Ref 1: 11.12.1.1 The critical section for one-way (wide beam) shear extends across the width of the footing at a distance d from the face of the loaded area.

2150

One-way shear parallel to x-axis

Vc = 0.17f'cBd

Ref 1: 11.3.1.1

B=
Vc =
Vc =

2150 mm
579.3 kN
434.5 kN

215
50

Find the projection noted as L'

F ti shape:
Footing
h
Square
S
L' =
558 mm
Shear force on shear plane, Vu1 = BL'qu =
136.3 kN
Ratio of Vu1/Vc =
0.31
OK in one-way (wide beam) shear (x-axis)

OK in one-way
(wide beam) shear
(x-axis)

One-way shear parallel to z-axis

Vc = 0.17f'cLd
L=
Vc =
Vc =

2150 mm
579.3 kN
434.5
434 5 kN

Find the projection noted as L'

Footing shape: Square
L' =
758 mm
Shear force on shear plane, Vu1 = BL'qu =
187.0 kN
Ratio of Vu1/Vc =
0.43 [unitless]

Note: sketch holds for one-way shear in the z-axis as well

OK in one-way (wide beam) shear (z-axis)

OK in one-way
(wide beam) shear
(z-axis)

Page 3 of 7

CLIENT
PROJECT
Location
Sub-Location

CONSTRUCTION COMPANY LIMITED

APARTMENT BUILDING
2-BEDROOM APARTMENT MODEL
Pad footing - H1

Date
By
Project:

Reference

6-Apr-15
G Engineer
135-006

Calculation

Output

MOMENT AND REINFORCEMENT CHECKS

Bending parallel to x-axis
Find the projection noted as Lm
Lm =
moment on the bending plane, Mu =
qu =
Mu =

2150

875 mm
quBL2m/2
151.6 kN/m2
124.7 kNm

Coefficient of resistance Ru =Mu / (bd2)

Required steel ratio, =

0.9
0.6415

0 .85 f c'
2 Ru
1 1

fy
0 .85 f c'

0.85f'c / fy =
2RU/((0.85f'c) =
=
Area of steel required As req =
As req =

Ref 1: 10.5.1

Ref 1: 7.12.2.1

2150

=
Ru =

Ref 1: 9.3.2.1

0.051
0.067
875

0.0017
rBd
1,177 mm2

Check for minimum reinforcement required for flexure

0.25Bdf'c / fy
As min (flexure) max of
1.4Bd/ fy
0.25Bdf'c / fy =
2,028 mm2
1.4Bd/ fy =
2,272 mm2
Use As min (flexure) =
2,272 mm2
Check for minimum reinforcement required for shrinkage
As, min (shrinkage) =
0.0018 (times gross sectional area)
2
0.0018Bh =
1,548 mm
Reinforcement selection
Select bar diameter (mm)
Select number of bars
Provide bar spacing (to nearest 25mm)
As prov
As prov (flexure) =
Ratio of As req / As prov =

Tension
Comp.
16
10
12
12
150
150 mm
2,413
942 mm2
OK in minimum flexure reinforcement
2,413 mm2
OK in minimum shrinkage reinforcement
0.49 [unitless] OK in flexural rfct (x-axis)

OK in minimum
fle re
OK in minimum
shrinkage
OK in flexural rfct (xa is)

Bending parallel to z-axis

Find the projection noted as Lm
Lm =
moment on the bending plane, Mu =
qu =
Mu =

875 mm
quLL2m/2
151.6 kN/m2
124.7 kNm

Coefficient of resistance Ru =Mu / (Ld2)

Required steel ratio, =

0.9
09
0.6415

2150

0 .85 f c'
2 Ru
1 1

fy
0 .85 f c'

0.85f'c / fy =
2RU/((0.85f'c) =
=
Area of steel required As req =
As req =

Ref 1: 10.5.1

0.051
0.067
0.0017
rLd
1,177 mm2

2150

=
Ru =

875

Ref 1: 9
9.3.2.1
321

Check for minimum reinforcement required for flexure

0.25Ldf'c / fy
As min max of
1.4Ld/ fy
0.25Ldf'c / fy =
2,028 mm2
1.4Ld/ fy =
2,272 mm2
Use As min (flexure) =
2,272 mm2

Page 4 of 7

CLIENT
PROJECT
Location
Sub-Location

CONSTRUCTION COMPANY LIMITED

APARTMENT BUILDING
2-BEDROOM APARTMENT MODEL
Pad footing - H1

Date
By
Project:

Reference

Ref 1: 7.12.2.1

Calculation

Output

Check for minimum reinforcement required for shrinkage

As, min (shrinkage) =
0.0018 (times gross sectional area)
2
0.0018Lh =
1,548 mm
Reinforcement selection
Tension
Comp.
16
10
12
12
150
150 mm
2,413
942 mm2
2
OK in minimum flexure reinforcement
2,413 mm
OK in minimum shrinkage reinforcement
0.49 [unitless] OK in flexural rfct (z-axis)

Select bar diameter (mm)

Select number of bars
Provide bar spacing (to nearest 25mm)
As prov
As prov (tens) =
Ratio of As req / As prov =

Ref 1: 7.12.2.1

6-Apr-15
G Engineer
135-006

Reinforcement summary
Along x-axis, bottom mat
Along x-axis, top mat
Along z-axis, bottom mat
Along z-axis, top mat

12-T16-150B
12-T10-150T
12-T16-150B
12-T10-150T

Note on distribution of steel parallel to the axis:

Centre band zone,, s =

( )
2/(+1)

OK in minimum
fle inre
OK minimum
shrinkage
OK in flexural rfct (za is)

=
s =

1.00
1.00
No special distribution needed

CHECK ON STARTER BARS

Check on minimum % reinforcement to starter bars
diameter of starter bar, db =
Number of starter bars =
Cross sectional area of bars =
Minimum As-starter = 0.005Ag
column cross-section area Ag=(px*pz) =
As-starter / Ag =

Ref 1: 15.8.2.1

12 mm
8 Nr
905 mm2

(note: minimum 4)

160,000 mm2
0.006 OK for starter bar min. reinforcement

OK for starter bar

min. reinforcement

Check on starter bar embedment into footing

Ref 1: 12.3.2

length of embedment ldc =

Min of
200 mm
(0.24fy/f'c)db
larger of 0.043f d
y b

fy =
420
db =
12
f'c =
25
(0.24fy/f'c)db =
242
0.043fydb =
217
Use ldc as =
242
Check on ldc versus depth of footing, h, and effective depth, d
d=
h=

N/mm
mm
2
N/mm
mm
mm
mm

317 mm
400 mm

245

mm (rounded up)

OK for embedment depth

OK for embedment
depth

Check on development length of starter bars

Critical sections for the development length (ld) of the starter bars occur at the column/column face
ld =

Ref 1: 12.2.2

f y t
2 .1

f c'

db

For t
Ref 1: 12.2.4 (a)
Ref 1: 12.2.4 (b)

depth of freshly cast concrete below ld

t =
e =
t e =

Ref 1: 12.2.4 (d)

<300mm
1.00
1.00 (assuming uncoated reinforcement)
1.00 (not to exceed 1.7)

=
fy =
fc =
ld =

1.00
420 N/mm2
25 N/mm2
480 mm

(rounded up)

Dimensional check on ld
ld must be less than
Use ld as

800 mm
480 mm

OK for development length

OK for development
length

8-T12

Page 5 of 7

CLIENT
PROJECT
Location
Sub-Location

CONSTRUCTION COMPANY LIMITED

APARTMENT BUILDING
2-BEDROOM APARTMENT MODEL
Pad footing - H1

Date
By
Project:

Reference

6-Apr-15
G Engineer
135-006

Calculation

Output

SUMMARY OUTPUT
8-T12

400
25

245

400

480

2150

2150

400

12-T10-150T

12-T10-150T

12-T16-150B
fcu=25MPa

400

12-T16-150B

Page 6 of 7

CLIENT
PROJECT
Location
Sub-Location

CONSTRUCTION COMPANY LIMITED

APARTMENT BUILDING
2-BEDROOM APARTMENT MODEL
Pad footing - H1

Date
By
Project:

Reference

6-Apr-15
G Engineer
135-006

Calculation

Output

APPENDIX
STAAD ANALYSIS OUTPUT
Ref 4

The user is to carry out the analysis in STAAD and use the post-processing results to obtain the values shown in these tables. Note that two limit
state Envelopes are used, Serviceability Limit State and Ultimate Limit State.

SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE (1.0DL+1.0LL)

Max Fx
Min Fx
Max Fy
Min Fy
Max Fz
Min Fz
Max Mx
Min Mx
Max My
y
Min My
Max Mz
Min Mz
Maximum values
Corresponding values at Fy max

Node
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007

L/C
1 1.0DL+1.0
1 1.0DL+1.0
1 1.0DL+1.0
1 1.0DL+1.0
1 1.0DL+1.0
1 1.0DL+1.0
1 1.0DL+1.0
1 1.0DL+1.0
1 1.0DL+1.0
1 1.0DL+1.0
1 1.0DL+1.0
1 1.0DL+1.0

Horizontal
Fx kN
-53.51
-53.51
-53.51
-53.51
-53.51
-53.51
-53.51
-53.51
-53.51
-53.51
-53.51
-53.51
-53.51
53.51

Vertical
Fy kN
381.35
381.35
381.35
381.35
381.35
381.35
381.35
381.35
381.35
381.35
381.35
381.35
381.35
381.35

Horizontal
Fz kN
79.45
79.45
79.45
79.45
79.45
79.45
79.45
79.45
79.45
79.45
79.45
79.45

Moment
Mx kNm
10.20
10.20
10.20
10.20
10.20
10.20
10.20
10.20
10.20
10.20
10.20
10.20

My kNm
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65

Mz kNm
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35

79.45
79.45

10.20
10.20

0.65
0.65

4.35
4.35

Horizontal
Fz kN
35.59
99.13
296.49
-159.33
296.49
-159.33
296.49
-159.33
-115.06
252.22
99.13
35.59

Moment
Mx kNm
4.87
13.38
80.00
-60.82
80.00
-60.82
80.00
-60.82
-55.73
74.92
13.38
4.87

My kNm
0.11
0.91
0.10
0.87
0.10
0.87
0.10
0.87
1.30
-0.33
0.91
0.11

Mz kNm
-7.57
15.61
6.52
2.39
6.52
2.39
6.52
2.39
4.40
4.52
15.61
-7.57

296.49
296
49
35.59

80.00
80
00
4.87

1 30
1.30
0.11

15.61
15
61
7.57

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE (All Load Combs)

Max Fx
Min Fx
Max Fy
Min Fy
Max Fz
Min Fz
Max Mx
Min Mx
Max My
Min My
Max Mz
Min Mz
M i
Maximum
values
l
Corresponding values at Fy max

Node
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007.00
1007

Horizontal
L/C
Fx kN
0.9DL+1.0EQ 1.12
DL+1.0EQ(+X -96.75
1.0WL(-Z)+1 -81.34
0.9DL+1.0W -17.95
1.0WL(-Z)+1 -81.34
0.9DL+1.0W -17.95
1.0WL(-Z)+1 -81.34
0.9DL+1.0W -17.95
1.0WL(+Z)+1 -44.65
0.9DL+1.0W -54.65
DL+1.0EQ(+X -96.75
0.9DL+1.0EQ 1.12
1 12
1.12
1.12

Vertical
Fy kN
163.02
506.75
700.60
-18.53
700.60
-18.53
700.60
-18.53
179.28
502.79
506.75
163.02
700 60
700.60
700.60

Page 7 of 7