1) EN 13414 (2003) 2) DNV 2.7-1 (2006) (& EN 12079 (2006) ) 3) DNV M.Ops. (1996) 4) EN 818 (2008) (Chain Slings)

1) EN 13414
( 2003 )
2) DNV 2.7-1 ( 2006 )
[ & EN 12079 ( 2006 ) ]
3) DNV M.Ops. ( 1996 )
4) EN 818
( 2008 )
[ Chain slings ]
SlingPro ver4-1:2012
Engineering
10/1/2012
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Name of Project
SLING DESIGN
Checked
ABC
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Date
Date
Date
02.05.09
03.05.09
Job no.
Revision
Page no.
111
222
INPUT
EN 818-4
Input factors
25.00
Weight of item = W ( Te ) =
Sling Apex Angle ( )
9
120
45 0
120
The sling apex angle will normally be = 90, however
it can be anything, and is often choosen to be = 60.

Even if another angle is choosen this will only affect
the lengths of the slings, because the sling will still
be designed, and certified at either = 90, or 120.
Design of a 4 leg chain sling, in accordance with
( i.e. at =0-45 or =45-60 ( =0-90, or =90-120 ) )
EN 818-4 : 2008, Short Link Chain for Lifting
Plan of the centre of gravity, and the 4 padeyes
Purposes - Safety - part 4 : Chain Slings - grade 8.
4 Le g Sling Plan
This code is recognised as complying with the

EEC Machinery Directive, and the sling can be
y(m)
CE marked.
This method is intended to be used for a
4 equal leg length sling.
Units
Dynamic Factor
Metric - m, Te
American - ft,
ton
1 :- Normal
lift
1.3 :- Offshore
dynamic
2.00
OUTPUT
SWLreq ( = W x Dynamic Factor )
x(m)
25.00
SWLreq ( Te ) =
Sling geometry
2.00
2.83
Diagonal plan length = d ( m ) =
Sling factors & capacity

( WLLsling = KL . MBL / FofSreq )
Leg geometry for

= 90 & = 120
Height
True length
KL
FofSreq
WLLsling
(3cos(/2))
( Te )
(m)
(m)
90
1.41
2.00
90
2.121
4.00
26.52
120
0.82
1.63
120
1.500
4.00
18.75
Leg geometry for req

90
1.41
2.00
SLING COMPONENT SELECTION

Master Link Assembly
Fmin = 2.12 MBL/4.00
( SWLreq ( Te ) = )
Chain Sling ( 4 legs )

26.52
25.00
Excel
SWLreq ( Te ) =
Excel
Chain, grade 8
Eye Sling Hook

25.00
Fmin ( Te ) = MBL/4.0 =
12.50
WLLsling
( Tension = SWLreq/2.12 = )
11.79
(0<=<=90)
Master Link Ass., grade 8
WLL
MBL
(2.12MBL/4.00)
link (mm) :-
( Te )
( Te )
( Te )
50.00
26.52
27.00
chain (mm) :-
Approved
01.05.09
Description of the
Design Item
Descript.
Town, Postcode
Made by
Excel
Eye sling hook, grade 8
WLL
to fit chain (mm) :-
( Te )
12.80
16
5/6
18
7/8
6
22
10 min
4.00
4.00
4.00
FofSreq
FofSreq
FofSreq
7
25
13
8
4.32
4.24
4.34
FofSprov
FofSprov
FofSprov
28
16
The above are 'dynamic factors', assuming that only 3, of10
the min
4 sling legs are working ( and equally loaded )
30
18/20
13
The master link assembly, must be stronger than the sling, e.g. for = 90, WLL >= Fmin = 2.12MBL/4.00, for = 120, WLL >= Fmin = 1.5MBL/4.00.
36 min
22
16
The eye sling hook must be selected to be stronger than a sling leg, i.e. WLL >= Fmin = MBL/4.00.
38
26
20
25.00
8.84
SWLreq
(22
= 4/3 x FofSprov,dynamic )
Max
44 ( Te ) =
32 Stat. Ten. ( Te ) =
4.32
5.66
5.79
FofSprov
=
FofSprov
=
FofSprov =
45
26
50 above are 'static factors', assuming that all 4 sling legs
The
32are working ( and equally loaded )
55
58
70
80
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Description of the
Design Item
SLING SPECIFICATION
EN 818-4
In accordance with EN 818-4 : 2008,
Short Link Chain for Lifting Purposes Safety - part 4 : Chain Slings - grade 8.
Order list
WLL ( Te ) = 26.52
Item
1 of 4 Leg
Sling Assembly
apex angle = 0 <= <= 90

( leg angle = 0 <= <= 45 )
( leg angle is the sling leg angle to the vertical )
Excel master link assembly ( 1 of ), grade 8, painted.

part no.
main link dia. (mm) :-
MTS44J
44
WLL (Te)
Fmin (Te)
27.00
26.52
OK
( = 2.12 MBL/4.00 = WLL of sling @ 90 )
Excel lifting chain, grade 8, painted.

Terminated with connecting links at each end.
4 legs (m) :2.00
N.B. the above are nominal lengths, i.e. the length between the bearing point
of the main link of the masterlink assembly, and the bearing of the eye sling hook.
including :8 of Connecting
Links
part no.
chain dia. (mm) :-
Chain20
20
MBL (Te)
WLL (Te)
Fapp (Te)
50.00
26.52
25.00
( = 2.12 MBL/4.00 )
(=W)
OK
Excel connecting links, grade 8, painted.

part no.
to fit chain dia. (mm) :-
MJ18/20J
20
Min. chain / chain connector size for MLA sublink fit :-
OK
16
Min. chain / chain connector size for sling hook fit :-
OK
16
4 of Hooks
Excel eye sling hook, grade 8, painted.

part no.
to fit chain dia. (mm) :-
CSO18/20J 18/20
WLL (Te)
Fmin (Te)
12.80
12.50
OK
( = MBL/4.00 = WLL of 1 sling leg )
Instructions to the sling manufacturer

1) The chain sling should be fully assembled to ensure that all components fit, prior to delivery to site.
2) The chain sling should have a metallic tag attached to the master link assembly which states :Manufacturer' s I.D., Sling I.D., the chain grade, the no. of legs, WLL @ = 0 - 45 or = 45 - 60
( i.e. = 0 - 90 or = 90 - 120 ), [ CE mark ], [ date ]
3) Each of the 4 eye sling hooks, should be stamped :- [ I.D. ], [ WLL ], [ CE mark ]
4) Proof load certs for the sling assembly, and the 4 eye sling hooks, are not obligatory for
compliance with EN 818-4.
N.B. the markings [ ], are not mandatory code requirements, but are still requested.
Code conformance
1) Master link assembly to conform to EN 1677 Pt. 4.
2) Chain must be made in accordance with EN 818-2. ( e.g. Excel lifting chain )
3) Eye sling hooks to conform to EN 1677-2, and must have material traceable certs, to EN 10 204,
inspection certificate, type 3.1B, and incorporate minimum Charpy requirements.
4) Chain slings must be manufactured in accordance with EN 818-4. ( the CE mark will confirm this )
Made by
Checked
Approved
ABC
DEF
GHI
Date
Date
Date
01.05.09
02.05.09
03.05.09
Job no.
Revision
Page no.
111
222
sponsored by
and
EXCEL Lifting Chain

grade 8
part
number
link dia.
mm
Chain6
Chain7
Chain8
Chain10
Chain13
Chain16
Chain20
Chain22
Chain26
Chain32
6
7
8
10 min
13
16
20
22
26
32
WLL
( Te )
catalogue
values
4:1 ratio
1.12
1.5
2
3.15
5.3
8
12.5
15
21.2
31.5
MBL
( Te )
4.48
6
8
12.6
21.2
32
50
60
84.8
126
EXCEL Connecting link

grade 8
for chain
part
link dia.
WLL
number
mm
( Te )
catalogue
values
4:1 ratio
MJ6J
6
1.12
MJ7/8J
7/8
2
MJ7/8J
7/8
2
MJ10J
10 min
3.2
MJ13J
13
5.4
MJ16J
16
8.2
MJ18/20J 18/20
12.8
MJ22J
22
15.5
MJ26J
26
21.6
MJ32J
32
31.8
MBL
( Te )
4.48
8
8
12.8
21.6
32.8
51.2
62
86.4
127.2
EXCEL Eye sling hook EN1677-2

grade 8
part
number
for chain
link dia.
mm
CSO5/6J 5/6
CSO7/8J 7/8
CSO10J 10 min
CSO13J 13
CSO16J 16
CSO18/20J18/20
CSO22J 22
CSO26J 26
CSO32J 32
WLL
( Te )
catalogue
values
4:1 ratio
1.12
2
3.2
5.4
8.2
12.8
15.5
21.6
32.8
MBL
( Te )
4.48
8
12.8
21.6
32.8
51.2
62
86.4
131.2
bar around eye

dims :depth
breadth
i
j
( mm )
( mm )
10
7
13
8
16
11
19
14
22
17
27
22
31
23
32
32
39
39
min. chain
connector
size
for fit
( mm )
6
7
7
10
13
16
20
26
32
connector
opening dims :depth
width
d
c
( mm )
( mm )
14
11
21
14
21
14
24
18
30
22
40
26
48
33
61
40
65
51
EXCEL Master link assembly

grade 8
main
part
link dia.
WLL
number
mm
( Te )
catalogue
values
4:1 ratio
MTS16J 16
2.5
MTS18J 18
3.5
MTS22J 22
6.5
MTS25J 25
8.5
MTS28J 28
10.0
MTS30J 30
13.0
MTS36J 36 min
17.0
MTS38J 38
20.0
MTS44J 44
27.0
MTS45J 45
30.0
MTS50J 50
40.0
MTS55J 55
50.0
MTS58J 58
60.0
MTS70J 70
80.0
MTS80J 80
100.0
MBL
( Te )
sub
link dia.
mm
10.0
14.0
26.0
34.0
40.0
52.0
68.0
80.0
108.0
120.0
160.0
200.0
240.0
320.0
400.0
13
16
18
20
20
22
25
28
33
37
38
38
42
55
60
mm
connector
opening dims :depth
d
( mm )
6
7
7
10
10
13
13
16
16
20
20
20
22
32
32
14
21
21
24
24
30
30
40
40
48
48
48
61
65
65
min. chain
connector
size
for fit
MTS36J internal dims = 250 x 147

( the min. internal dims for a MLA according to UKOOA, is 270 x 140, however this is not obligatory )
EXCEL Master links

grade 8
main
part
link dia.
number
mm
MS13J
MS16J
13
16
WLL
( Te )
catalogue
values
4:1 ratio
1.6
3.1
MBL
( Te )
6.4
12.4
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SLING DESIGN
Checked
ABC
DEF
GHI
Date
Date
Date
02.05.09
03.05.09
Job no.
Revision
Page no.
111
222
INPUT
EN 13414-1
Input factors
25.00
Sling Apex Angle ( )
9
120
45 0
120
The sling apex angle will normally be = 90, however
it can be anything, and is often choosen to be = 60.

Even if another angle is choosen this will only affect
the lengths of the slings, because the sling will still
be designed, and certified at either = 90, or 120.
Design of a 4 leg sling, in accordance with
( i.e. at =0-45 or =45-60 ( =0-90, or =90-120 ) )
EN 13414-1 : 2003, Steel wire rope slings -
Safety - Part 1 : Slings for general lifting service
4 Le g Sling Plan

y(m)
CE marked.
This method is intended to be used for a
4 equal leg length sling, but can be used for
unequal leg length slings, see note :-
Units
Dynamic Factor
1 :- Normal
lift
1.3 :- Offshore
dynamic
Metric - m, Te
American - ft,
ton
2.00
OUTPUT
SWLreq ( = W x Dynamic Factor )
x(m)
25.00
SWLreq ( Te ) =
Sling geometry
2.00
2.83
Sling factors & capacity

( WLLsling = KL . MBL / FofSreq )
Leg geometry for

= 90 & = 120
Height
True length
KL
FofSreq
WLLsling
(3cos(/2))
( ZP/KT )
( Te )
(m)
(m)
90
1.41
2.00
90
2.121
5.55
27.86
120
0.82
1.63
120
1.500
5.55
( 5 / 0.9 )
19.70
Leg geometry for req

90
1.41
2.00

Fmin = 2.12 MBL/5.55
( SWLreq ( Te ) = )
Sling Assembly ( 4 legs )

27.86
25.00
Excel
SWLreq ( Te ) =
Usha Martin, Hyflex

6x19, type :-
grade 8 (SF=4)
WLL
link (mm) :-
( Te )
MBL
Shackle
25.00
Fmin ( Te ) = MBL/5.55 =
13.14
WLLsling
( Tension = SWLreq/2.12 = )
11.79
(0<=<=90)
(2.12MBL/5.55)
Green Pin
G-4163 (SF=6)
Approved
01.05.09
Description of the
Design Item
Descript.
Town, Postcode
Made by
WLL
pin (mm) :( Te )
( Te )
( Te )
FC1770
(mm) :FC1960
30.00
27.86
13.50
72.90
rope
SC1770
16
8
SC1960
18
10
8
22
11
4.00
5.55
6.00
FofSreq
FofSreq
FofSreq
9
25
13
10
4.80
6.19
6.87
FofSprov
FofSprov
FofSprov
28
16
The above are 'dynamic factors', assuming that only 3, of(11)
the 4 sling legs are working ( and equally loaded )
30
19
12
The master link assembly, must be stronger than the sling, e.g. for = 90, WLL >= Fmin = 2.12MBL/5.55, for = 120, WLL >= Fmin = 1.5MBL/5.55.
36 min
22 min
13 min
The shackle must be selected to be stronger than a sling leg, i.e. WLL >= Fmin = MBL/5.55.
38
25
(14)
25.00
8.84
SWLreq
(16
= 4/3 x FofSprov,dynamic )
Max
44 ( Te ) =
28 Stat. Ten. ( Te ) =
4.80
8.25
9.16
FofSprov
=
FofSprov
=
FofSprov
=
45
32
18
50 above are 'static factors', assuming that all 4 sling legs
35
The
19are working ( and equally loaded )
55
38
20
58
42
(21)
70
50
22
80
57
24
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03.05.09
Page no.
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222
( leg angle is the sling leg angle to the vertical )

main link dia. (mm) :45
WLL (Te)
Fmin (Te)
30.00
27.86
OK
( = 2.12 MBL/5.55 = WLL of sling @ 90 )
Usha Martin, Hyflex, 6x19 ( or 6x36 ).
core :- Steel
Single part, galvanised wire ropes.
grade :- 1960
Terminated in aluminium hard eyes, and ferrules each end.
4 legs (m) :2.00
of the main link of the masterlink assembly, and the centre of the shackle pin ( padeye ).
rope dia. (mm) :32
4 of Shackles
MBL (Te)
WLL (Te)
Fapp (Te)
72.90
27.86
25.00
( = 2.12 MBL/5.55 )
(=W)
OK
Green Pin bolt type anchor shackle, type G-4163. ( Galvanised )

shackle pin dia. (mm) :38
WLL (Te)
Fmin (Te)
13.50
13.14
OK
( = MBL/5.55 = WLL of 1 sling leg )

1) The sling must be delivered attached to the shackles to avoid shackle - wire rope hard eye misfit.
( i.e. a 4Te shackle is too big to fit a standard 13mm wire rope hard eye etc., however the
sling manufacturer can open up the hardeyes, and ensure fit during the sling manufacture )
2) The masterlink, or one of the sling ferrules, should be stamped :- Manufacturer' s I.D.,
Sling I.D., WLL @ = 0 - 45 or = 45 - 60 ( i.e. = 0 - 90 or = 90 - 120 ), CE mark, [ date ]
3) Each of the 4 shackles, should be stamped :- [ I.D. ], [ WLL ], [ CE mark ]
4) Proof load certs for the sling assembly, and the 4 shackles, are not obligatory for
compliance with EN 13414.
Code conformance
1) Master link assembly to conform to EN 1677 Pt. 4.
2) Wire rope must be made in accordance with EN 12385.
( e.g. Usha Martin, Hyflex )
3) Shackles to conform to EN 13889, and must have material
traceable certs, to EN 10 204, inspection certificate, type 3.1B, and
incorporate minimum Charpy requirements.
4) Wire rope slings must be manufactured in accordance with EN 13414.
( the CE mark will confirm this )
GHI
Date
02.05.09
apex angle = 0 <= <= 90

( leg angle = 0 <= <= 45 )
MTS45J
DEF
Date
Revision
Order list
part no.
ABC
Date
Job no.
EN 13414-1
In accordance with EN 13414-1 : 2003,
Steel wire rope slings - Safety - Part 1 : Slings
for general lifting service.
Item
1 of 4 Leg
Sling Assembly
Approved
01.05.09
SLING SPECIFICATION
WLL ( Te ) = 27.86
Checked
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Client
Descript.
Town, Postcode
SLING DESIGN
Name of Project
Description of the
Design Item
Made by
Checked
ABC
DEF
GHI
Date
Date
Date
01.05.09
02.05.09
03.05.09
Job no.
Revision
Page no.
111
222
INPUT
DNV : Offshore Containers

Input factors
25.00
1.00
Top leg length ( m ) =
90
Sling apex angle = =

The sling apex angle, should normally be = 90
4 Le g Sling Plan
y(m)
Design of a 4 leg sling, in accordance with DNV
certification Note 2.7-1 : Offshore containers,
y
April 2006. ( & EN 12079-2 : 2006 )

2.00
CE marked.
x
Units
x(m)
Metric - m, Te
American - ft,
ton
2.00
OUTPUT
Sling geometry
Sling, required WLL
Height of 4 legs = H ( m ) =
1.41
25.00
2.83
Enhancement Factor =
1.104
WLLmin = ( Te ) =
27.60
Leg geometry
Leg
l1
Sling leg, and shackle, required WLL
Plan length
True length
(m)
(m)
Leg angle to the vertical = /2 = =
1.41
2.00
WLLs = ( Te ) =
45.0
13.01

Top Master Link
WLLmin,req = ( Te ) =
Top Leg
27.60
Excel
27.60
Usha Martin, Hyflex
grade 8 (SF=4)
WLL
link (mm) :-
( Te )
6x19, type :-
WLL
MBL
(MBL/5.55)
30.00
( Te )
( Te )
FC1770
(mm) :FC1960
29.55
164.00
13
rope
SC1770
16
SC1960
18
8
20
9
22
10 Leg
Sling
25
(11)
27.60
13.01
WLLs,req = ( Te ) =
28
12
Excel
Usha Martin, Hyflex
WLL
30
13 min
grade
8 (SF=4)
WLL
MBL
(MBL/5.55)
36 min
(14)
38
(mm) :rope (mm) :( Te )
( Te )
( Te )
link
16
44
30.00
13.14
72.90
18
45
19
16
8
50
20
4.00
5.55
FofSreq
FofSreq
18
9
55
(21)
22
10
4.35
5.60
FofSprov
FofSprov
70
22
25
The
the 4 sling legs are working ( and equally loaded )
80 above are 'dynamic factors', assuming that only 3, of(11)
24
28
12
4.35
7.47
FofSprov
=
FofSprov
=
26
30
13 min
The above are 'static factors', assuming that all 4 sling legs
are
working
(
and
equally
loaded
)
28
36 min
(14)
(29)
38
16
32
44
18
(35)
45
19
36
Shackle
WLLs,req = ( Te ) =
13.01
Green Pin
G-4163 (SF=6)
WLL
pin (mm) :-
( Te )
13.50
8
FofSreq
10
6.00
11
FofSprov
6.23
13
16
FofSprov
=
19
22 min
25
28
32
Approved
8.30
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Descript.
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Name of Project
Description of the
Design Item
Made by
ABC
DEF
GHI
Date
Date
01.05.09
02.05.09
03.05.09
Job no.
Revision
Page no.
111
222
DNV : Offshore Containers

In accordance with DNV certification
Note 2.7-1 : Offshore containers, April 2006.
( & EN 12079-2 : 2006 )

2) There should be a tag, attached to the top of the assembly, which should be marked :b) DNV 2.7-1 mark
c) 4/13 - 1/22, e.g. 4 legs of 13mm rope, and 1 top leg of 22mm rope
d) manufacturers id.
e) sling leg angle to the vertical = ( = /2 )
f) shackle size ( Te )
g) WLL ( this should be the min sling WLL, of all the components )
h) [ date ]
3) Each of the 4 shackles, should be marked :- manufacturers id., WLL, [ CE mark ]
N.B. the shackles should be secured by a seal etc., to signal whether they have been exchanged.
Code conformance
1) Master link assembly to conform to EN 1677 Pt. 4, ( or other recognised standard ).
2) Wire rope must be made in accordance with EN 12385, ( or other recognised standard ).
3) Shackles to conform to EN 13889 or EN 1677-1, ( or other recognised standard,
e.g. :- US Federal Spec. RR-C-271 ), and must have material traceable certs, similar to EN 10 204,
4) Wire rope slings must be manufactured in accordance with EN 13414, ( the CE mark will confirm this ).
( or other recognised standard )
Approved
Date
RIGGING SPECIFICATION
a) CE mark
Checked
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SLING DESIGN
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INPUT
DNV : Rules for Marine Operations

Input factors
25.00
WIF ( weight inaccuracy factor )
Wapp ( Te ) = W x WIF =
known
1.0
25.00
90
Sling apex angle = =

The sling apex angle, may often be about = 60
4 Leg Sling Plan
Design of a 4 leg sling, in accordance with DNV

rules for marine operations, Part 2 Ch.5 Lifting,
yl(m)
Jan 1996.
yr(m)
This code is not recognised as complying with the

EEC Machinery Directive, and the sling can not be
yl
CE marked.
Units
2.00
Metric - m, Te
American - ft,
ton
2.00
x1
x2
yr
DAF
Specified
Values
Manual
Input
1.10
onshore
OUTPUT
DHL ( dynamic hook load )
Skew load factor
1.25
SKL ( skew load ) =
x1(m)
x2(m)
1.00
1.00
Skew load effect due to SKL
27.50
DHL = DAF x Wapp ( Te ) =
Sling geometry
Diagonal
Proportion
Component
Legs
of DHL
of DHL (Te)
l1 + l2
0.625
17.19
l3 + l4
0.375
10.31
27.50
( = DHL )
Tension
Height of crane hook = H ( m ) =
1.41
2.83
Sling leg forces
Leg geometry
Proportion
Component
Plan length
True length
Angle to
Leg
of DHL
of DHL (Te)
( Te )
(m)
(m)
horiz. (deg)
l1
0.313
8.59
12.15
l1
1.41
2.00
45.00
l2
0.313
8.59
12.15
l2
1.41
2.00
45.00
0.625
17.19
Leg

DHL (Te) =
Sling Leg
27.50
Shackle
Max Dyn. Ten. (Te) =
12.15
Max Dyn. Ten. (Te) =
12.15
Usha Martin, Hyflex

Excel
6x19, type :-
grade 8 (SF=4)
WLL
link (mm) :-
( Te )
WLL
MBL
(MBL/3.0)
Green Pin
G-4163 (SF=6)
Approved
WLL
pin (mm) :( Te )
( Te )
( Te )
FC1770
(mm) :FC1960
27.00
12.67
12.00
38.00
rope
SC1770
16
8
SC1960
18
10
8
22
11
3.64
3.00
5.45
FofSreq
FofSreq
FofSreq
9
25
13
10
3.93
3.13
5.92
FofSprov
FofSprov
FofSprov
28
16
(11)
The above are 'dynamic' FofS's, resulting from the dynamic
factor and skew load effect, in accordance with this code.
30
19
12
I.e. the net vertical load in the system = DHL, and each diagonal pair of sling legs is unequally loaded ( due to the skew load factor ).
36 min
22 min
13 min
For the sling geometry permitted on the above plan, the skew load factor will distribute the DHL, 62.5%, and 37.5%, on each diagonal pair of legs.
38
25
(14)
25.00
8.84
8.84
Wapp
Max
Max
44 (Te) =
28 Stat. Ten. (Te) =
16 Stat. Ten. (Te) =
4.32
4.30
8.15
FofSprov
=
FofSprov
=
FofSprov
=
45
32
18
50 above are equivalent 'static' FofS's, assuming no dynamic
35
The
19 factor and no skew load effect.
55the net vertical load in the system = Wapp, and each 20
38
I.e.
diagonal pair of sling legs is equally loaded.
58
42
(21)
70
50
22
80
57
24
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DNV : Rules for Marine Operations

In accordance with DNV rules for marine
operations, Part 2 Ch.5 Lifting, Jan 1996.
Order list
( Code specified DAF value )
Item
1 of 4 Leg
Sling Assembly
sling angle = 90
onshore DAF
1.10
sling FofSreq
3.0

part no.
main link dia. (mm) :-
MTS44J
44
WLL (Te)
FofSprov
Fapp (Te)
FofSreq
27.00
3.93
27.50
3.64
OK
( = DHL )
Usha Martin, Hyflex, 6x19 ( or 6x36 ).
core :- Fibre
Single part, galvanised wire ropes.
grade :- 1960
Terminated in aluminium hard eyes, and ferrules each end.
2 long legs (m) :-
2 short legs (m) :-
2.00
2.00
of the main link of the masterlink assembly, and the centre of the shackle pin ( padeye ).
rope dia. (mm) :24
4 of Shackles
MBL (Te)
WLL (Te)
Fapp (Te)
38.00
12.67
12.15
( = MBL/3 )
( = Max Dyn. Tension )
OK
Green Pin bolt type anchor shackle, type G-4163. ( Galvanised )

shackle pin dia. (mm) :35
WLL (Te)
FofSprov
Fapp (Te)
FofSreq
12.00
5.92
12.15
5.45
( = Max Dyn. Ten. )

2) There should be a tag, attached to the top of the assembly, which should be stamped :I.D., [ SWL ], [ date ]
3) Each of the 4 shackles, should be stamped :- I.D., WLL, [ CE mark ]
4) Proof load certs may be required for, sling assembly, and the 4 shackles.
These certs should comply with the requirements of DNV M.O.
Code conformance
1) Master link assembly to conform to EN 1677 Pt. 4, ( or other recognised standard ).
2) Wire rope must be made in accordance with EN 12385, ( or other recognised standard ).
3) Shackles to conform to EN 13889 or EN 1677-1, ( or other recognised standard,
e.g. :- US Federal Spec. RR-C-271 ), and must have material traceable certs, similar to EN 10 204,
4) Wire rope slings must be manufactured in accordance with EN 13414, ( the CE mark will confirm this ).
( or other recognised standard )
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Date
SLING SPECIFICATION
SWL ( Te ) = 25.00
Checked
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Green Pin Standard Shackles, type G-4163

bow shackles with safety bolt ( imperial )
Material :
bow and pin high tensile steel, Grade 6, quenched and tempered
Safety Factor :
MBL equals 6 x WLL
Standard :
EN 13889 and meets performance requirements of US Fed. Spec. RR-C-271 Type IVA Class 3, Grade A
Finish :
hot dipped galvanized
Temperature Range :
-20 C up to +200 C
Certificates :
at no extra charges this product can be supplied with a works certificate, certificate of basic raw material,
manufacturer test certificate and/or EC Declaration of Conformity
G-4163
N.B. For CAD drawings of Green Pin Shackles you can contact :-
[email protected]
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HYFLEX STEEL WIRE ROPE, LOAD CAPACITY TABLE

Table showing wire rope minimum breaking load capacities ( Te )
Fibre Core
Approved
Steel Core
Size
6 x 19
6 x 36
1770
1960
6 x 19
6 x 36
1770
1960
Nominal
Approx
Approx
Grade
Grade
Approx
Approx
Grade
Grade
MBL
Dia
Mass
Mass
MBL
MBL
Mass
Mass
MBL
mm
kg/100m
kg/100m
Te
Te
kg/100m
kg/100m
Te
Te
23
23.5
3.81
4.22
25.6
26.2
4.11
4.56
29.1
29.7
4.82
5.34
32.4
33.1
5.2
5.76
10
35.9
36.7
5.95
6.6
40
40.9
6.42
7.12
(11)
43.3
44.4
7.21
7.99
48.4
49.5
7.77
8.61
12
51.7
52.8
8.57
9.5
57.6
58.9
9.25
10.2
13
60.7
62
10.1
11.1
67.6
69.1
10.8
12
(14)
70.4
71.9
11.6
13
78.4
80.2
12.6
14
16
91.9
94
15.3
16.9
102
105
16.4
18.3
18
116
119
19.3
21.4
130
133
20.8
23.1
19
130
132
21.5
23.8
144
148
23.1
25.7
20
144
147
23.9
26.4
160
164
25.7
28.5
(21)
158
----
26.3
29.1
176
----
28.4
31.4
22
174
178
28.8
31.9
194
198
31.1
34.5
24
207
211
34.3
38
230
236
37
41
26
243
248
40.3
44.6
270
276
43.4
48.1
28
281
288
46.7
51.7
314
321
50.4
55.8
(29)
302
----
50.1
55.5
336
----
54.1
59.9
32
368
376
61
67.5
410
419
65.7
72.9
(35)
440
450
73
80.8
490
501
78.7
87.2
36
465
476
77.2
85.5
518
530
83.3
92.2
38
517
530
85.9
93.4
578
591
92.8
103
(40)
574
587
95.3
106
640
654
103
114
44
695
711
115
128
774
792
124
138
48
827
846
137
152
922
942
148
164
52
971
992
161
179
1080
1110
174
193
54
1047
1070
173
192
1170
1190
187
207
56
1130
1150
187
207
1250
1280
201
223
60
1290
1320
214
238
1440
1470
231
256
N.B. 1) MBL :- Minimum Breaking Load

2) There is negligible difference between the min bend radius of a steel core rope and a fibre core rope.
3) There is very little difference in price between a steel core rope and a fibre core rope.
4) Steel core ropes are slightly stronger, than fibre core ropes, because they have slightly more steel,
i.e. they have a steel centre.
5) The old wire rope code BS 302 : 1987, has now been superseded by the code BS EN 12385 :2002, P4. :Steel wire ropes. Safety. Stranded ropes for general lifting purposes.
6) Sling manufacturers / Rigging suppliers often now use Steel Core, 6 x 19, Grade 1960.
7) Both 6 x 19, and 6 x 36, have the same MBL, for the same grade.
8) The rope dia. in brackets are not commonly available.
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PADEYE SELECTION
Symmetrical padeyes for vertical loads
Non symmetrical padeyes for inclined loads
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GENERAL LIFTING & SLING DESIGN INFORMATION

1) Recommended sling components :- the following are considered to be the best cheapest components :a) Excel ( Green Pin ), Master Link Assemblies, grade 8 ( or Hackett Master Link Assemblies )
b) Wire rope should be galvanised, 6 x 19, steel core, grade 1960, to EN 12385 ( e.g. Usha Martin Hyflex etc. )
c) Green Pin, Anchor Bow Shackles, type G-4163
2) Hard eye Shackle misfit :There is occasionally misfit between shackles and the sling leg wire rope hardeyes. For example a 4.75Te shackle will not fit into
a 13mm wire rope hardeye. If this occurs in the fabricating shop, it is not a problem, as the sling manufacturer will simply break
open the hardeyes, fit the shackles, and then close the hardeyes, before squashing the ferrule onto the wire rope.
This possible misfit is a problem if items are delivered to the customer loose. Therefore to avoid this, it should be stated on the spec.,
or drawing that the sling manufacturer should either connect all the rigging components, or confirm that all the components fit.
3) Steel ferrules for subsea slings :It is recommended to use steel ferrules for continuously used, or long term subsea slings, because standard aluminium ferrules
act as anodes in salt water.
4) Sling angles :- The general recommended sling apex angles ( ) are as follows :a) Containers :- = 90 ( = 45 ) b) Non containers :- = 60 ( = 30 )
5) Container top wire leg ( or 5th sling leg ) :It is recommended that container slings, have a top leg, from the Masterlink Assembly of the 4 leg sling, to a terminating Masterlink
( the Masterlink, should have minimum internal dims of 270mm x 140mm ). The recommended top leg length is dependent on the
container size, assuming Height = 2.4m, then :Container
Sling top
plan dims.
leg length
a) 6m x 2.4m
0m - Top leg not required !
b) 4m x 2.4m
1.0m
c) 2.4m x 2.4m
1.5m
The lengths above, are from the top bearing of the masterlink assembly, to the crane hook bearing of the top masterlink.
The combination of this top leg length above, and the sling angle of = 45 ( = 90 ), ensures that when the rigging is
hanging off the roof of the container ( the long side ), that the terminating masterlink, is at waist height, ( but not lying on the deck ).
6) Wire rope types and grades :a) There is negligible difference between the min bend radius of a steel core rope, and a fibre core rope.
b) There is very little difference in price between steel core and fibre core rope.
c) Steel core ropes ( IWRC ) are slightly stronger, than fibre core ropes, because they have slightly more steel, i.e. they have a steel centre.
d) Both 6 x 19, and 6 x 36, have the same MBL ( min breaking load ), for the same grade.
7) Proof load lift testing :A) Containers :- proof load testing, should be done in accordance with :- DNV 2.7-1 :a) The container shall be lifted to a total gross mass of 2.5G, using all padeyes ( see 4.6.3.2. ),
and also a total gross mass of 1.5G, using one pair of diagonal padeyes ( see 4.6.3.3. ).
b) The information plate ( see 7.2 ) should then include the following weights :- tare, payload, & gross
B) Non containers :- it is recommended that non container items should be lift proof tested to 2G, which is in line with the
recommendations of DNV Rules for certification of lifting appliances, 1994, section B303.
8) Proof load testing of padeyes, by hydraulic jack testing :If possible it is always preferable to lift test an item, because a lift test proves 2 separate things :a) the padeyes
b) the structural integrity of the lifted item
However in some situations it may not be possible to do a lift test. In these situations vertical hydraulic jack testing of all the padeyes
should be done, as long as it can be proved by design calculation that the item will not collapse during the lift.
Hydraulic jack testing is not ideal because :A) it does not prove that the item will collapse during the lift
B) jack testing will be done vertically, and therefore does not replicate the inclined sling leg forces
e.g. If hydraulic jack testing is done on a 4 point lift item, where the c.of g. is central, then :B1) Each padeye should be hydraulically vertically jack tested to :- proof load = 2 x ( gross item weight / 4 )
B2) After the jack testing, each padeye should be stamped with :- SWL = ( gross item weight / 4 )
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2.4.
LOADCASES AND ANALYSIS FORCES
2.4.1.
General
2.4.1.4.
Special considerations will be necessary for lifting operations in water. Guidelines for such lifting operations, are given in Pt.2 Ch.6.
2.4.2.
Basic Loadcase and Force Distribution
2.4.2.3.
The basic loadcase for a lift should normally be calculated as a quasi static loadcase by applying DHL at the hook position, and distributing
weight and any special loads to each element. ( where 'quasi static equilibrium', assumes that the lifted "object" is infinitely stiff,
and each of the 4 sling connection points, are assumed to be vertical spring supports with equal stiffness. )
2.4.2.4.
In order to find the maximum dynamic forces for each element ( e.g. sling, lift points, supporting structure ), the sling forces found in the
2.4.2.5.
The skew load effects will increase the force in some slings, and reduce the force in others accordingly. Hence it may be necessary to define
basic loadcase according to 2.4.2.3. Should be adjusted considering all relevant skew load effects as described in 2.3.
various loadcases in order to cover all possible combinations of sling loads.
Guidance note :For a conventional 4 sling lift, the following 2 skew loadcases should normally be considered :
1. The force distribution calculated according to 2.4.2.3. Modified by multiplying the forces in the 2 diagonally opposite slings with
the skew load factor. The forces in the remaining 2 slings should be determined by quasi static equilibrium.
2. Ditto with the skew load applied on the other 2 slings.
Guidance note :The flexibility of the object will reduce the SKL. This effect should be considered for less torsion stiff objects such as helidecks e.t.c.
2.4.2.6.
The maximum dynamic forces calculated according to 2.4.2.4. are design forces for slings/grommets and shackles. For the design of
structural components, the maximum dynamic force should be multipied by the appropriate design factor given in table 4.1.
3.1.
SLINGS AND GROMMETS
3.1.1.
Minimum breaking load (MBL)
3.1.1.1.
Slings and grommets may be constructed from single steel rope, or be composed of several steel ropes, each spinned of strands,
which are spinned of steel wires. Preferably the rope MBL should be determined by pulling the whole rope to destruction. If no facilities
are available for such testing, the rope MBL should be established in accordance with a recognised standard.
3.1.2.
Nominal safety factor
3.1.2.1.
The nominal safety factor, gsf for slings and grommets should include the following factors :
gf : Load factor = 1.3 ( for lifts with a well controlled weight, and where all skew load effects have been thoroughly considered a gf = 1.20
may be used ).
gc : Consequence factor = 1.30 ( If single sling failure does not cause a total loss, or the consequences of sling failure may be regarded as
small, a lower factor may be applied )
gs : Reduction factor due to splicing. This factor could be taken as 1.33 for cable laid slings spliced as described in PM 20, see 3.1.4.1.
For other types of slings/grommets and splicing ( or ferrule secured ) this factor has to be documented.
gb : Reduction factor due to bending. For slings of steel wire ropes this factor should be taken as ; gb = 1/(1-0.5/(D/d)^0.5),
where D= diameter of bend, d = nominal diameter of sling or single part cable laid grommet.
gr : Resulting reduction factor due to splicing or bending. This factor should be taken equal to the greatest of gs and .gb
gw : Wear factor = 1.0 for single application purposes. For multiple used slings, the gw should be subject to individual evaluations
by a competent person. For slings in good conditions gw should not be taken greater than 1.1.
gm : Material factor for lifting slings. This factor could be taken as 1.35 for certified new steel wire rope slings, see 3.1.5.1.
For lifting with fibre slings { 'soft slings' } an ample material factor shall be applied ( normally gm >=3.0 ).
3.1.2.2.
The total nominal safety factor should be taken as the greatest of :

gsf = gf.gc.gr.gw.gm
gsf = 3.0
3.1.2.3.
Calculated maximum dynamic sling load Fsling, should fulfil :

Fsling < MBLsling/gsf
3.2.
SHACKLES
3.2.1.
Safe Working Load
3.2.1.1.
The safe working load is generally used as reference for the strength of shackles. SWL is normally determined by the maker or a
certifying body. The shackle minimum breaking load, normally defined by specifying a minimum safety factor on SWL, shall be documented.
3.2.1.2.
The shackle allowable load shall not be taken greater than the minimum of :- a) SWL*DAF, and b) MBL/3.3
The acceptance criterion defined by Eq. 3-1 in Pt.1 Ch.4 is fulfilled when the dynamic shackle load { the max.dynamic tension } does not
exceed the allowable load as defined above.
3.2.3.3.
Each individual shackle should be proof loaded after fabrication. The proof load should not be less than indicated in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1.- Shackle Proof Loading
SWL
Proof load
<25t
25-180t
>180t
2xSWL
1.22xSWL+20t
1.33xSWL
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3) The following section derives the FofSreq for the wire rope sling :The max dynamic sling leg tension MDT <= MBL / sf ( see 3.1.2.3., and 3.1.2.2. )
where sf the total nominal safety factor should be taken as the greatest of :
sf = f. c. r. w. m
sf = 3.0
the nominal safety factor sf is made up as follows ( see 3.1.2.1. ) :f = 1.3, load factor
c = 1.3, consequence factor
r :- see below :w = 1.1, wear factor ( w = 1.0, for single application purposes )
m = 1.35, material factor ( for certified steel wire rope slings )
r = resulting reduction factor, due to splicing or bending. This factor should be taken equal to the greatest of s, and b :b = 1/(1-0.5(D-d)^0.5), reduction due to bending where :D = internal bend dia., and d = nominal rope dia.
e.g. for a 16mm rope and associated ferrule :b = 1/( 1 - 0.5( 52.6/16 )^0.5 ) = 1.38
However this factor only applies to the type of sling, where the wire rope splits into 2 halves around the hard eye, e.g. a single part
cable laid grommet ( see BS 1290, figure 1, Single-part ). For the case of a ferrule secured sling, a full wire rope wraps around the
hardeye and therefore this factor would effectively be less than 1, and therefore not critical. ( i.e. there is no loss of efficiency of a
sling leg, due to it fully bending around a hardeye )
s = 1.33, reduction factor due to splicing.
The factor above is given in this code for a cable laid sling, however there is no clear guidance in this code, for what this factor should
be, for a ferrule secured sling. Communicaton with DNV, and consideration of BS EN 13414 ( K T = efficiency of termination factor = 0.9 ),
would suggest that a value of s = 1.1, is acceptable for ferrule secured slings.
sf = 1.3 x 1.3 x 1.1 x 1.1 x 1.35 = 2.76, say 3.0
Summary :Therefore FofSreq = 3.0, i.e. the Max Dynamic Tension ( MDT ) <= MBL / 3.0
4) The following section derives the FofSreq for the shackles, and masterlink assemblies :Shackles can be selected on the basis of :- WLL >= Sling Leg Max. Dynamic Tension
If this is done, then the rest of this section is redundant.
However clause 3.2.1.2. of this code allows shackles to be selected with a FofSreq lower than the manufacturers Safety Factor ( SF ). ( effectively
allowing the shackle to be used at an allowable load higher than its manufacturers WLL ). In order to select shackles on this more liberal basis, see below :DNV M.O. code, clause 3.2.1.2., states that :The shackle allowable load shall not be taken greater than the minimum of :a) WLL x DAF,( i.e. Shackle SWLreq = ( MBL / SF ) x DAF, Therefore FofSreq = SF / DAF )
b) MBL / 3.3, ( i.e. Shackle SWLreq = MBL / 3.3, Therefore FofSreq = 3.3 )
The acceptance criterion defined by Eq. 3-1 in Pt.1 Ch.4 is fulfilled when the dynamic shackle load does not exceed the allowable load as defined above .
Summary :The above conditions is the same as saying that, the shackle FofSreq, should be the greater of :a) 6 / DAF ( this assumes shackles which have a Safety Factor = 6, e.g. Green Pin, type G-4163 ), or b) 3.3
The following graph shows these FofS requirements :In other words shackles and master link assemblies can be used at lower FofS's,
than the manufacturers recommended values
( i.e. can be used at higher SWL's than the manufacturers recommended WLL's ).
For shackles of SF = 6, ( e.g. Green Pin type G-4163 ), then these shackles can
be used at :DAF
FofSreq
DAF <= 1.82
6 / DAF
DAF > 1.82
3.3
For master link assemblies of SF = 4, ( e.g. Excel ( Green Pin ), grade 8 ),

then these master link assemblies can be used at :DAF
FofSreq
DAF <= 1.21
4 / DAF
DAF > 1.21
3.3
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1) EN 13414 (2003) 2) DNV 2.7-1 (2006) (& EN 12079 (2006) ) 3) DNV M.Ops. (1996) 4) EN 818 (2008) (Chain Slings)

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1) EN 13414 (2003) 2) DNV 2.7-1 (2006) (& EN 12079 (2006) ) 3) DNV M.Ops. (1996) 4) EN 818 (2008) (Chain Slings)

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1) EN 13414

Sling Apex Angle ( )

it can be anything, and is often choosen to be = 60.

Design of a 4 leg chain sling, in accordance with

( i.e. at =0-45 or =45-60 ( =0-90, or =90-120 ) )

EN 818-4 : 2008, Short Link Chain for Lifting

Plan of the centre of gravity, and the 4 padeyes

Purposes - Safety - part 4 : Chain Slings - grade 8.

This code is recognised as complying with the

Diagonal plan length = d ( m ) =

Sling factors & capacity

Leg geometry for

Leg geometry for req

SLING COMPONENT SELECTION

Chain Sling ( 4 legs )

Eye Sling Hook

Master Link Ass., grade 8

to fit chain (mm) :-

apex angle = 0 <= <= 90

Excel master link assembly ( 1 of ), grade 8, painted.

main link dia. (mm) :-

( = 2.12 MBL/4.00 = WLL of sling @ 90 )

Excel lifting chain, grade 8, painted.

chain dia. (mm) :-

Excel connecting links, grade 8, painted.

to fit chain dia. (mm) :-

Min. chain / chain connector size for MLA sublink fit :-

Excel eye sling hook, grade 8, painted.

to fit chain dia. (mm) :-

( = MBL/4.00 = WLL of 1 sling leg )

Instructions to the sling manufacturer

EXCEL Lifting Chain

EXCEL Connecting link

EXCEL Eye sling hook EN1677-2

bar around eye

EXCEL Master link assembly

MTS36J internal dims = 250 x 147

EXCEL Master links

Sling Apex Angle ( )

it can be anything, and is often choosen to be = 60.

Design of a 4 leg sling, in accordance with

( i.e. at =0-45 or =45-60 ( =0-90, or =90-120 ) )

EN 13414-1 : 2003, Steel wire rope slings -

Plan of the centre of gravity, and the 4 padeyes

Safety - Part 1 : Slings for general lifting service

This code is recognised as complying with the

unequal leg length slings, see note :-

Diagonal plan length = d ( m ) =

Sling factors & capacity

Leg geometry for

Leg geometry for req

SLING COMPONENT SELECTION

Sling Assembly ( 4 legs )

Usha Martin, Hyflex

( leg angle is the sling leg angle to the vertical )

Excel master link assembly ( 1 of ), grade 8, painted.

( = 2.12 MBL/5.55 = WLL of sling @ 90 )

Usha Martin, Hyflex, 6x19 ( or 6x36 ).

rope dia. (mm) :32