Rain Water Harvesting: Jagdambha Collage of Engineering & Technology, Yavatmal
Rain Water Harvesting: Jagdambha Collage of Engineering & Technology, Yavatmal
Rain Water Harvesting: Jagdambha Collage of Engineering & Technology, Yavatmal
Dept
rain water harvesting
JAGDAMBHA COLLAGE OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
YAVATMAL.
SEMINAR ON,
RAIN
WATER HARVESTING
By,
VIKRAM K. CHAVHAN
( THIRD YEAR CIVIL ENGG. )
INTRODUCTION:-
GENRAL INFORMATION:System of collection rainwater and conserving for future needs has traditionally been
practiced in India. The traditional systems were time-tested wisdom of not only
appropriate technology of Rainwater Harvesting, but also water management
systems, where conservation of water was the prime concern. Traditional water
harvesting systems were Bawaries, step wells, jhiries, lakes, tanks etc. These were the
water storage bodies to domestic and irrigation demands. People were themselves
responsible for maintenance to water sources and optimal use of water that could fulfill
their needs
Ground water resource gets naturally recharged through percolation. But due to
indiscriminate development and rapid urbainzation, exposed surface for soil has been
reduced drastically with resultant reduction in percolation of rainwater, thereby depleting
ground water resource. Rainwater harvesting is the process of augmenting the natural
filtration of rainwater in to the underground formation by some artificial methods.
"Conscious collection and storage of rainwater to cater to demands of water, for
drinking, domestic purpose & irrigation is termed as Rainwater Harvesting."]
WHY HARVEST RAINWATER ?
This is perhaps one of the most frequently asked question, as to why one should
harvest rainwater. There are many reasons but following are some of the important
ones.
Catchment
The surface that receives rainfall directly is the catchment of rainwater harvesting
system. It may be terrace, courtyard, or paved or unpaved open ground. The terrace
may be flat RCC/stone roof or sloping roof. Therefore the catchment is the area, which
actually
contributes
rainwater
to
the
harvesting
system.
Transportation
Rainwater from rooftop should be carried through down take water pipes or drains
to storage/harvesting system. Water pipes should be UV resistant (ISI HDPE/PVC
pipes) of required capacity. Water from sloping roofs could be caught through gutters
and down take pipe. At terraces, mouth of the each drain should have wire mesh to
restrict floating material.
First Flush
First flush is a device used to flush off the water received in first shower. The first
shower of rains needs to be flushed-off to avoid contaminating storable/rechargeable
water by the probable contaminants of the atmosphere and the catchment roof. It will
also help in cleaning of silt and other material deposited on roof during dry seasons
Provisions of first rain separator should be made at outlet of each drainpipe
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Filter
There is always some skepticism regarding Roof Top Rainwater
Harvesting since doubts are raised that rainwater may contaminate groundwater. There
is remote possibility of this fear coming true if proper filter mechanism is not adopted.
Secondly all care must be taken to see that underground sewer drains are not
punctured and no leakage is taking place in close vicinity. Filters are used fro treatment
of water to effectively remove turbidity, colour and microorganisms. After first flushing of
rainfall, water should pass through filters. There are different types of filters in practice,
but basic function is to purify water
Charcoal Filter
Charcoal filter can be made in-situ or in a drum. Pebbles, gravel, sand and charcoal as
shown in the figure should fill the drum or chamber. Each layer should be separated by
wire mesh. Thin layer of charcoal is used to absorb odor if any.
Sponge Filter
It is a simple filter made from PVC drum having a layer of sponge in the middle of drum.
It is the easiest and cheapest form filter, suitable for residential units.
Recharge Pits
Recharge pits are small pits of any shape rectangular, square or circular, contracted
with brick or stone masonry wall with weep hole at regular intervals. to of pit can be
covered with perforated covers. Bottom of pit should be filled with filter media.
The capacity of the pit can be designed on the basis of catchment area, rainfall intensity
and recharge rate of soil. Usually the dimensions of the pit may be of 1 to 2 m width and
2 to 3 m deep depending on the depth of pervious strata. These pits are suitable for
recharging of shallow aquifers, and small houses.
Recharge Trenches
Recharge trench in provided where upper impervious layer of soil is shallow. It is a
trench excavated on the ground and refilled with porous media like pebbles, boulder or
brickbats. it is usually made for harvesting the surface runoff. Bore wells can also be
provided inside the trench as recharge shafts to enhance percolation. The length of the
trench is decided as per the amount of runoff expected. This method is suitable for small
houses, playgrounds, parks and roadside drains. The recharge trench can be of size
0.50 to 1.0 m wide and 1.0 to 1.5 m deep.
Percolation tanks
Percolation tanks are artificially created surface water bodies, submerging a land area
with adequate permeability to facilitate sufficient percolation to recharge the ground
water. These can be built in big campuses where land is available and topography is
suitable.
Surface run-off and roof top water can be diverted to this tank. Water accumulating in
the tank percolates in the solid to augment the ground water. The stored water can be
used directly for gardening and raw use. Percolation tanks should be built in gardens,
open spaces and roadside green belts of urban area.
-and big building structure where the maximum area of slab present and as possible
as we collect the more water to percolate into the ground.
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