Expt5 Chemical Equilibrium
Expt5 Chemical Equilibrium
Expt5 Chemical Equilibrium
: 50928191
Date of lab.: Feb 6, 2007 Date of report: Feb 11, 2007
Title: BCH2008 Expt-5: Chemical Equilibrium
Objective:
This experiment is set up to find out the acid dissociation constants (Ka) of Formic
acid and Mandelic acid.
3. The equivalence point in the titration is the spot on the above graph.
4. The volume of base added to reach this point, i.e. the equivalence volume, is 31
cm³.
2
5. Number of moles of base used = molarity × equivalence volume
= (0.1 M) × (31/1000 dm³)
= 0.0031 mol
Ratio of no. of moles of Formic acid and no. of moles of base = 1:1
∴Number of moles of Formic acid = 0. 0031 mol
The concentration of Formic acid = Number of moles ÷ volume
= 0. 0031 mol ÷ (25/1000 dm³)
= 0.124M
6. Method 1:
The concentration of Formic acid = 0.124M
Initial pH of Formic acid = 2.49
The concentration of H3O+ at equilibrium = ㏒ˉ¹( -2.49)
= 0.003236 M
The concentration of HA at equilibrium = 0.124 – 0.003236
= 0.120764 M
By ,
when concentrations [A¯] and [HA] are equal, the log([A¯] / [HA]) term
becomes zero.
∴ pH½ = pKa
From the graph, pH at the half-equivalence point (31/2 = 15.5 cm³) is 3.7.
Then pH½ = pKa = -log Ka = 3.7
∴Ka = 1.995×10ˉ³ mol dmˉ³
7. From the curve, the pH color change of indicators suitable for use in titration of
Formic acid is 5.5 – 9.0.
Therefore, Phenol red and Neutral Red could be used in titrating Formic acid.
3
For Mandelic acid,
1.
Total volume of base added(cm³) pH Burette readings(cm³)
0 2.34 0
3 2.58 3
6.1 2.83 6.1
8.1 2.98 8.1
11.1 3.17 11.1
12.9 3.28 12.9
18.5 3.66 18.5
19.9 3.78 19.9
22.8 4.09 22.8
25.6 4.82 25.6
26.7 6.07 26.7
27.1 6.34 27.1
27.4 7.33 27.4
27.5 7.7 27.5
28.1 9.17 28.1
28.2 9.27 28.2
28.3 9.4 28.3
28.4 9.5 28.4
28.5 9.6 28.5
28.6 9.69 28.6
28.9 9.81 28.9
29 9.9 29
29.1 9.98 29.1
29.3 10.08 29.3
29.4 10.13 29.4
29.6 10.27 29.6
29.7 10.32 29.7
29.8 10.41 29.8
30 10.52 30
30.1 10.6 30.1
30.3 10.7 30.3
30.6 10.84 30.6
30.8 10.94 30.8
31.6 11.16 31.6
34.6 11.55 34.6
39.7 11.79 39.7
44.5 11.91 44.5
49 11.98 49
4
2.
3. The equivalence point in the titration is the spot on the above graph.
4. The volume of base added to reach this point, i.e. the equivalence volume, is
27.5 cm³.
5. Number of moles of base used = molarity × equivalence volume
= (0.1 M) × (27.5/1000 dm³)
= 0.00275 mol
Ratio of no. of moles of Mandelic acid and no. of moles of base = 1:1
∴Number of moles of Mandelic acid = 0.00275 mol
The concentration of Mandelic acid = Number of moles ÷ volume
= 0.00275 mol ÷ (25/1000 dm³)
= 0.11 M
6. Method 1:
The concentration of Mandelic acid = 0.11 M
Initial pH of Mandelic acid = 2.34
The concentration of H3O+ at equilibrium = ㏒ˉ¹( -2.34)
= 0.004571
The concentration of HA at equilibrium = 0.11 – 0.004571
= 0.1052429
By ,
when concentrations [A¯] and [HA] are equal, the log([A¯] / [HA]) term
becomes zero.
∴ pH½ = pKa
From the graph, pH at the half-equivalence point (27.5/2 = 13.75 cm³) is 3.3.
Then pH½ = pKa = -log Ka = 3.3
∴Ka = 5.012×10ˉ³ mol dmˉ³
7. From the curve, the pH color change of indicators suitable for use in titration of
Mandelic acid is 6 – 9.5.
Therefore, Bromthymol Blue and Cresol Purple could be used in titrating
Mandelic acid.
Conclusion:
By method 1, the acid dissociation constants (Ka) of Formic acid is 8.671×10ˉ³ mol
dmˉ³ and that of Mandelic acid is 2.417×10ˉ³ mol dmˉ³.
By method 2, the acid dissociation constants (Ka) of Formic acid is 1.982×10ˉ³ mol
dmˉ³ and that of Mandelic acid is 5.012×10ˉ³ mol dmˉ³.