Convergence - CFD Online Discussion Forums
Convergence - CFD Online Discussion Forums
Convergence - CFD Online Discussion Forums
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UpDATED THrEADS
SEArcH
38 Likes
LINKBAcK
July 6, 2011, 07:54
Centurion2011
Member
THrEAD TOOLS
DISpLAY MODES
Convergence
#1
I see all kind of mistakes on these forums when dealing with convergence, so I will
give brief review of methods...
At convergence, the following should be satisfied:
All discrete conservation equations (momentum, energy, etc.) are obeyed in
all cells to a specified tolerance OR the solution no longer changes with
subsequent iterations.
Overall mass, momentum, energy, and scalar balances are achieved.
Monitoring convergence using residual history:
Generally, a decrease in residuals by three orders of magnitude indicates at
least qualitative convergence. At this point, the major flow features should be
established.
Scaled energy residual should decrease to 10-6 (for the pressure-based
solver).
Scaled species residual may need to decrease to 10-5 to achieve species
balance.
Monitoring quantitative convergence:
Monitor other relevant key variables/physical quantities for a confirmation.
Ensure that overall mass/heat/species conservation is satisfied.
In addition to residuals, you can also monitor lift, drag and moment coefficients.
Relevant variables or functions (e.g. surface integrals) at a boundary or any defined
surface.
In addition to monitoring residual and variable histories, you should also check for
overall heat and mass balances.
The net flux imbalance (shown in the GUI as Net Results) should be less than 1%
of the smallest flux through the domain boundary
If solution monitors indicate that the solution is converged, but the solution is still
changing or has a large mass/heat imbalance, this clearly indicates the solution is
not yet converged.
In this case, you need to:
Default settings provide a robust Multigrid setup and typically do not need to
be changed.
A converged solution is not necessarily a correct one!
Always inspect and evaluate the solution by using available data, physical
principles and so on.
Use the second-order upwind discretization scheme for final results.
Ensure that solution is grid-independent:
Use adaption to modify the grid or create additional meshes for the gridindependence study
If flow features do not seem reasonable:
Reconsider physical models and boundary conditions
Examine mesh quality and possibly remesh the problem
Reconsider the choice of the boundaries location (or the domain): inadequate
choice of domain (especially the outlet boundary) can significantly impact
solution accuracy
Numerical errors are associated with calculation of cell gradients and cell face
interpolations.
Ways to contain the numerical errors:
Use higher-order discretization schemes (second-order upwind, MUSCL)
Attempt to align grid with the flow to minimize the false diffusion
Refine the mesh
Sufficient mesh density is necessary to resolve salient features of flow
Interpolation errors decrease with decreasing cell size
Minimize variations in cell size in non-uniform meshes
Truncation error is minimized in a uniform mesh
FLUENT provides capability to adapt mesh based on cell size variation
Minimize cell skewness and aspect ratio
In general, avoid aspect ratios higher than 5:1 (but higher ratios are allowed
in boundary layers)
Optimal quad/hex cells have bounded angles of 90 degrees
Optimal tri/tet cells are equilateral
A grid-independent solution exists when the solution does not change when the
mesh is refined.
Below is a systematic procedure for obtaining a grid-independent solution:
Generate a new, finer mesh.
Return to the meshing application and manually adjust the mesh.
OR Use the solution-based adaption capability in FLUENT.
VERY IMPORTANT: Save the case and data files first.
Create adaption register(s) and adapt the mesh. Data from the original mesh
is interpolated onto the finer mesh. FLUENT offers dynamic mesh adaption
which automatically changes the mesh according to user-defined criteria.
Continue calculations until convergence.
Compare the results obtained on the different meshes.
Repeat the procedure if necessary.
To use a different mesh on a single problem, use the TUI commands file/write-bc
and file/read-bc to facilitate the setup of a new problem.
Better initialization can be obtained via interpolation from existing case/data by
using solution data interpolation
A web-based training module is available to train users in replication of case setup
Chipsgrottel
New Member
Charles de Luzan
Join Date: Jun 2010
Location: Cincinnati, OH
Posts: 11
Rep Power: 5
#2
Quote:
Centurion2011
Member
#3
There are training modules for Ansys, very useful. You can find them all over.
for example: http://avaxhome.ws/software/software..._training.html
Chipsgrottel likes this.
#4
Chipsgrottel
New Member
Charles de Luzan
Join Date: Jun 2010
Location: Cincinnati, OH
Posts: 11
Rep Power: 5
Far
Super Moderator
Good post
#5
Make it blog and also ask Jola to add this in Fluent Section.
sajid likes this.
__________________
Best Regards
Far
tutorial on hexa meshing of hemishpere+cylinder
http://goo.gl/69B4U
tutorial on hybrid meshing in ICEM CFD http://goo.gl/JmeCa
Web page http://goo.gl/Q1RF5
sheikh nasir
Member
#6
hello
i am working on train moving in tunnel. i am getting floating error:invalid number.
can any one help me. my email is [email protected]
plz help me
thanks
Tags
convergence, fluent, mesh
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