TNC 360 Iso

HEIDENHAIN
User's Manual
ISO Programming
February 1994
TNC 360
Keys and Controls on the TNC 360
Controls on the Visual Display Unit

Brightness
Contrast
Override Knobs
100
50
Feed rate
150
F %
0
100
Spindle speed
50
150
Address Letters for ISO Programming

Block number
N
G function
G
Feed rate / Dwell time with G04 / Scaling factor
F
Miscellaneous function (M function)
M
Spindle speed in rpm
S
Parameter definition
D
Polar angle/Rotation angle in cycle G73
H
I J K X, Y, Z coordinate of circle center/pole
Assign a label number with G98/

Jump to a label number/
Tool length with G99
Polar radius/
Rounding radius with G25, G26, G27
Chamfer with G24
Circle radius with G02, G03, G05
Tool radius with G99
Tool definition with G99/

Tool call
S %
0
Machine Operating Modes

MANUAL OPERATION
ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL
POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT
PROGRAM RUN, SINGLE BLOCK
Set a datum with the 3D touch probe system
TOUCH
PROBE
PROGRAM RUN, FULL SEQUENCE

Entering Numbers and Coordinate Axes, Editing
Programming Modes
PROGRAMMING AND EDITING
TEST RUN
Program and File Management
PGM
NR
Select programs and files
CL
PGM
Delete programs and files
PGM
CALL
Enter program call in a program
EXT
...
IV
Select or enter coordinate axes

in a program
...
Numbers
Decimal point
+/
Algebraic sign
Actual position capture
External data transfer
MOD
Supplementary modes
Moving the Cursor and Selecting Blocks, Cycles

and Parameter Functions with GOTO
NO
ENT
Ignore dialog queries, delete words
ENT
Confirm entry and resume dialog
END
Conclude block
Move the cursor (highlight)

GOTO
Go directly to blocks, cycles and

parameter functions
Graphics
MOD
CE
DEL
Graphic operating modes
BLK
FORM
Define blank form, reset blank form
MAGN
Magnify detail
START
Start graphic simulation
Clear numerical entry

or TNC message
Abort dialog; delete program sections
TNC Guideline:
From workpiece drawing to
program-controlled machining
Step
Task
TNC
operating mode
Refer to
Section
Preparation
1
Select tools
Set workpiece datum

for coordinate system
Determine spindle speeds

and feed rates
11.4
Switch on machine
1.3
Traverse reference marks
Clamp workpiece
Set the datum /

Reset position display ...
7a
... with the 3D touch probe
or
2.5
7b
... without the 3D touch probe
or
2.3
or
1.3, 2.1
Entering and testing part programs

8
Enter part program

or download
over external
data interface
or
EXT
5 to 8
or 10
Test part program for errors
3.1
10
Test run: Run program

block by block without tool
3.2
If necessary: Optimize
part program
5 to 8
11
Machining the workpiece

12
Insert tool and

run part program
3.2
Sequence of Program Steps

Milling an outside contour
Programming step
1 Create or select program

Input:
Program number
Unit of measure for programming
2 Define workpiece blank for graphic display
3 Define tool(s)
Input:
Tool number
Tool length
Tool radius
4 Call tool data
Input:
Tool number
Spindle axis
Spindle speed
5 Tool change
Input:
Feed rate (rapid traverse)
Radius compensation
Coordinates of the tool change position
Miscellaneous function (tool change)
6 Move to starting position
Input:
Coordinates of the starting position
Radius compensation
Miscellaneous function (spindle on, clockwise)
7 Move tool to (first) working depth
Input:
Coordinate of the (first) working depth
8 Move to first contour point
Input:
Linear interpolation
Radius compensation for machining
Coordinates of the first contour point
Machining feed rate
if desired, with smooth approach: program G26 after this block
Key/Function
4.4
PGM
NR
G30/G31
11 Retract tool in spindle axis

Input:
Coordinate above the workpiece
Miscellaneous function (end of program)
12 End of program
4.4
G99
T...
L...
R...
4.2
T...
4.2
G17
S...
G00
G40
X... Y... Z...
M06
e.g. 5.4
5.2/5.4
G00
X... Y...
G40
M03
5.4
G00
Z...
5.2/5.4
G01
G41/G42
X... Y...
F...
9 Machining to last contour point

Input:
Enter all necessary values for
each contour element
if desired, with smooth departure: program G27 after the last
radius-compensated block
10 Move to end position
Input:
Cancel radius compensation
Coordinates of the end position
Miscellaneous function (spindle stop)
Refer to Section
5 to 8
5.2/5.4
G00
G40
X... Y...
M05
5.2/5.4
G00
Z...
M02
How to use this manual

This manual describes functions and features available on the TNC 360
from NC software number 259 900 08.
This manual describes all available TNC functions. However, since the
machine builder has modified (with machine parameters) the available
range of TNC functions to interface the control to his specific machine,
this manual may describe some functions which are not available on your
TNC.
TNC functions which are not available on every machine are, for example:
Probing functions for the 3D touch probe system
Rigid tapping
If in doubt, please contact the machine tool builder.
TNC programming courses are offered by many machine tool builders as
well as by HEIDENHAIN. We recommend these courses as an effective
way of improving your programming skill and sharing information and
ideas with other TNC users.
TNC 360
The TNC beginner can use the manual as a workbook. The first part of
the manual deals with the basics of NC technology and describes the
TNC functions. It then introduces the techniques of conversational
programming. Each new function is thoroughly described when it is first
introduced, and the numerous examples can be tried out directly on the
TNC. The TNC beginner should work through this manual from beginning
to end to ensure that he is capable of fully exploiting the features of this
powerful tool.
For the TNC expert, this manual serves as a comprehensive reference
work. The table of contents and cross references enable him to quickly
find the topics and information he needs. Easy-to-read dialog flowcharts
show him how to enter the required data for each function.
The dialog flow charts consist of sequentially arranged instruction boxes.
Each key is illustrated next to an explanation of its function to aid the
beginner when he is performing the operation for the first time. The
experienced user can use the key sequences illustrated in the left part of
the flowchart as a quick overview. The TNC dialogs in the instruction
boxes are always presented on a gray background.
Layout of the dialog flowcharts

Dialog initiation keys
DIALOG PROMPT (ON TNC SCREEN)

e.g.
ENT
The functions of the keys are explained here.
Answer the prompt with

these keys
NEXT DIALOG QUESTION

Function of the key.
Press this key
+/
Function of an alternative key.
A dashed line means that either

the key above or below it can be
pressed.
Or press this key
.
.
.
The trail of dots indicates that:
the dialog is not fully shown, or

the dialog continues on the next page.
TNC 360
Contents User's Manual
TNC 360
ISO Programming
Introduction
Manual Operation and Setup
Test Run and Program Run
Programming
Programming Tool Movements
Subprograms and Program Section Repeats
Programming with Q Parameters
Cycles
External Data Transfer
MOD-Functions
Tabels, Overviews and Diagrams
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Introduction
1.1
The TNC 360 .......................................................................................... 1-2

The Operating Panel .................................................................................................... 1-3
The Screen .................................................................................................................. 1-3
TNC Accessories ......................................................................................................... 1-5
1.2
Fundamentals of Numerical Control (NC) .......................................... 1-6

Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1-6
What is NC? ................................................................................................................ 1-6
The part program ......................................................................................................... 1-6
Programming ............................................................................................................... 1-6
Reference system ....................................................................................................... 1-7
Cartesian coordinate system ....................................................................................... 1-7
Additional axes ............................................................................................................ 1-8
Polar coordinates ......................................................................................................... 1-8
Setting the pole ........................................................................................................... 1-9
Setting the datum ........................................................................................................ 1-9
Absolute workpiece positions ................................................................................... 1-11
Incremental workpiece positions .............................................................................. 1-11
Programming tool movements .................................................................................. 1-13
Position encoders ...................................................................................................... 1-13
Reference marks ...................................................................................................... 1-13
1.3
Switch-On ........................................................................................... 1-14
1.4
Graphics and Status Display ............................................................. 1-15

Plan view ................................................................................................................... 1-15
Projection in three planes .......................................................................................... 1-16
3D view .................................................................................................................... 1-16
Status display ............................................................................................................ 1-18
1.5
Programs ............................................................................................. 1-19

Program directory ...................................................................................................... 1-19
Selecting, erasing and protecting programs .............................................................. 1-20
TNC 360
2.1
Moving the Machine Axes ................................................................... 2-2

Traversing with the machine axis direction buttons .................................................... 2-2
Traversing with the electronic handwheel .................................................................. 2-3
Working with the HR 330 Electronic Handwheel ........................................................ 2-3
Incremental jog positioning ......................................................................................... 2-4
Positioning with manual data input (MDI) ................................................................... 2-4
2.2
Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Function M ........ 2-5

To enter the spindle speed S ...................................................................................... 2-5
To enter the miscellaneous function M ....................................................................... 2-6
To change the spindle speed S ................................................................................... 2-6
To change the feed rate F ........................................................................................... 2-6
2.3
Setting the Datum without a 3D Touch Probe .................................. 2-7

Setting the datum in the tool axis ............................................................................... 2-7
Setting the datum in the working plane ...................................................................... 2-8
2.4
3D Touch Probe System ...................................................................... 2-9

3D Touch probe applications ....................................................................................... 2-9
Selecting the touch probe menu ................................................................................. 2-9
Calibrating the 3D touch probe .................................................................................. 2-10
Compensating workpiece misalignment ................................................................... 2-12
2.5
Setting the Datum with the 3D Touch Probe System .................... 2-14
Setting the datum in a specific axis .......................................................................... 2-14
Corner as datum ........................................................................................................ 2-15
Circle center as datum .............................................................................................. 2-17
2.6
Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe System .................................. 2-19

Finding the coordinate of a position on an aligned workpiece .................................. 2-19
Finding the coordinates of a corner in the working plane ......................................... 2-19
Measuring workpiece dimensions ............................................................................ 2-20
Measuring angles ...................................................................................................... 2-21
TNC 360
3.1
Test Run ................................................................................................ 3-2

To do a test run ........................................................................................................... 3-2
3.2
Program Run ......................................................................................... 3-3

To run a part program .................................................................................................. 3-3
Interrupting machining ................................................................................................ 3-4
Resuming program run after an interruption ............................................................... 3-5
3.3
Blockwise Transfer: Executing Long Programs ................................. 3-6

Jumping over blocks ................................................................................................... 3-7
TNC 360
Programming
4.1
Editing Part Programs .......................................................................... 4-2

Layout of a program .................................................................................................... 4-2
Editing functions .......................................................................................................... 4-3
4.2
Tools ...................................................................................................... 4-5

Determining tool data .................................................................................................. 4-5
Entering tool data into the program ............................................................................. 4-7
Entering tool data in program 0 ................................................................................... 4-8
Calling tool data ........................................................................................................... 4-9
Tool change ................................................................................................................. 4-9
4.3
Tool Compensation Values ............................................................... 4-11

Effect of tool compensation values ........................................................................... 4-11
Tool radius compensation ......................................................................................... 4-11
Machining corners ..................................................................................................... 4-13
4.4
Program Creation ............................................................................... 4-14

To create a new part program ................................................................................... 4-14
Defining the blank form ............................................................................................. 4-14
4.5
Entering Tool-Related Data ............................................................... 4-17

Feed rate F ................................................................................................................ 4-17
Spindle speed S ......................................................................................................... 4-18
4.6
Entering Miscellaneous Functions and STOP .................................. 4-19
4.7
Actual Position Capture ..................................................................... 4-20
TNC 360
5.1
General Information on Programming Tool Movements ................. 5-2
5.2
Contour Approach and Departure ...................................................... 5-4

Starting and end positions ........................................................................................... 5-4
Smooth approach and departure ................................................................................. 5-6
5.3
Path Functions ...................................................................................... 5-7

General information ..................................................................................................... 5-7
Machine axis movement under program control ........................................................ 5-7
Overview of path functions ......................................................................................... 5-9
5.4
Path Contours - Cartesian Coordinates ............................................ 5-10

Straight line at rapid traverse G00 ............................................................................. 5-10
Straight line with feed rate G01 F ... ......................................................................... 5-10
Chamfer G24 ............................................................................................................. 5-13
Circles and circular arcs - General information .......................................................... 5-15
Circle center I, J, K ................................................................................................... 5-16
Circular path G02/G03/G05 around the circle center I, J, K ...................................... 5-18
Circular path G02/G03/G05 with defined radius ........................................................ 5-21
Circular path G06 with tangential connection ............................................................ 5-24
Corner rounding G25 ................................................................................................. 5-26
5.5
Path Contours - Polar Coordinates ................................................... 5-28

Polar coordinate origin: Pole I, J, K ...........................................................................
Straight line at rapid traverse G10 .............................................................................
Straight line with feed rate G11 F ... .........................................................................
Circular path G12/G13/G15 around pole I, J, K ..........................................................
Circular path G16 with tangential connection ............................................................
Helical interpolation ...................................................................................................
5.6
5-28
5-28
5-28
5-30
5-32
5-33
M Functions for Contouring Behavior and Coordinate Data .......... 5-36

Smoothing corners: M90 ........................................................................................... 5-36
Machining small contour steps: M97 ........................................................................ 5-37
Machining open contours: M98 ................................................................................ 5-38
Programming machine-referenced coordinates: M91/M92 ...................................... 5-39
5.7
TNC 360
Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI) ...................................... 5-41
6.1
Subprograms ........................................................................................ 6-2

Principle ...................................................................................................................... 6-2
Operating limits ........................................................................................................... 6-2
Programming and calling subprograms ....................................................................... 6-3
6.2
Program Section Repeats .................................................................... 6-5

Principle ...................................................................................................................... 6-5
Programming notes ..................................................................................................... 6-5
Programming and calling a program section repeat .................................................... 6-5
6.3
Main Program as Subprogram ............................................................ 6-8

Principle ...................................................................................................................... 6-8
Operating limits ........................................................................................................... 6-8
To call a main program as a subprogram .................................................................... 6-8
6.4
Nesting .................................................................................................. 6-9

Nesting depth .............................................................................................................. 6-9
Subprogram in a subprogram ...................................................................................... 6-9
Repeating program section repeats .......................................................................... 6-11
Repeating subprograms ............................................................................................ 6-12
TNC 360
7.1
Part Families Q Parameters Instead of Numerical Values ........... 7-3
7.2
Describing Contours Through Mathematical Functions ................... 7-5

Overview ..................................................................................................................... 7-5
7.3
Trigonometric Functions ..................................................................... 7-7

Overview ..................................................................................................................... 7-7
7.4
If-Then Operations with Q Parameters .............................................. 7-8

Jumps ...................................................................................................................... 7-8
Overview ..................................................................................................................... 7-8
7.5
Checking and Changing Q Parameters ............................................. 7-10
7.6
Output of Q Parameters and Messages ........................................... 7-11

Displaying error messages ........................................................................................ 7-11
Output through an external data interface ................................................................ 7-11
Assigning values for the PLC .................................................................................... 7-11
7.7
Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe During Program Run............ 7-12
7.8
Examples for Exercise ........................................................................ 7-14

Rectangular pocket with corner rounding and tangential approach .......................... 7-14
Bolt hole circles ......................................................................................................... 7-15
Ellipse .................................................................................................................... 7-17
Machining a hemisphere with an end mill ................................................................. 7-19
TNC 360
Cycles
8.1
General Overview of Cycles ................................................................ 8-2

Programming a cycle ................................................................................................... 8-2
Dimensions in the tool axis ......................................................................................... 8-3
8.2
Simple Fixed Cycles.............................................................................. 8-4

PECKING G83 .............................................................................................................. 8-4
TAPPING with floating tap holder G84 ........................................................................ 8-6
RIGID TAPPING G85 ................................................................................................... 8-8
SLOT MILLING G74 .................................................................................................... 8-9
POCKET MILLING G75/G76 ...................................................................................... 8-11
CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING G77/G78 ................................................................... 8-13
8.3
SL Cycles ............................................................................................. 8-15

CONTOUR GEOMETRY G37 .................................................................................... 8-16
ROUGH-OUT G57 ..................................................................................................... 8-17
Overlapping contours ................................................................................................ 8-19
PILOT DRILLING G56 ................................................................................................ 8-25
CONTOUR MILLING G58/G59 .................................................................................. 8-26
8.4
Cycles for Coordinate Transformations ........................................... 8-29

DATUM SHIFT G54 ................................................................................................... 8-30
MIRROR IMAGE G28 ................................................................................................ 8-33
ROTATION G73 ......................................................................................................... 8-35
SCALING FACTOR G72 ............................................................................................. 8-36
8.5
Other Cycles ........................................................................................ 8-38

DWELL TIME G04 ..................................................................................................... 8-38
PROGRAM CALL G39 ............................................................................................... 8-38
ORIENTED SPINDLE STOP G36 ............................................................................... 8-39
TNC 360
9.1
Menu for External Data Transfer ......................................................... 9-2

Blockwise transfer ....................................................................................................... 9-2
9.2
Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for Data Interfaces ...................... 9-3
RS-232-C/V.24 Interface .............................................................................................. 9-3
9.3
Preparing the Devices for Data Transfer ............................................ 9-4

HEIDENHAIN devices ................................................................................................. 9-4
Non-HEIDENHAIN devices ......................................................................................... 9-4
TNC 360
10
MOD Functions
10.1 Selecting, Changing and Exiting the MOD Functions..................... 10-2

10.2 NC and PLC Software Numbers ........................................................ 10-2
10.3 Entering the Code Number ................................................................ 10-3
10.4 Setting the External Data Interfaces ................................................ 10-3
BAUD RATE .............................................................................................................. 10-3
RS-232-C Interface .................................................................................................... 10-3
10.5 Machine-Specific User Parameters ................................................... 10-4

10.6 Selecting Position Display Types ...................................................... 10-4
10.7 Selecting the Unit of Measurement ................................................. 10-5
10.8 Selecting the Programming Language ............................................. 10-5
10.9 Setting the Axis Traverse Limits ....................................................... 10-6
TNC 360
11
Tables, Overviews, Diagrams
11.1 General User Parameters ................................................................... 11-2

Selecting the general user parameters ..................................................................... 11-2
Parameters for external data transfer ....................................................................... 11-2
Parameters for 3D touch probes ............................................................................... 11-4
Parameters for TNC displays and the editor ............................................................. 11-4
Parameters for machining and program run .............................................................. 11-7
Parameters for override behavior and electronic handwheel .................................... 11-9
11.2 Miscellaneous Functions (M Functions) ......................................... 11-11

Miscellaneous functions with predetermined effect ............................................... 11-11
Vacant miscellaneous functions .............................................................................. 11-12
11.3 Preassigned Q Parameters .............................................................. 11-13

11.4 Diagrams for Machining .................................................................. 11-15
Spindle speed S ....................................................................................................... 11-15
Feed rate F .............................................................................................................. 11-16
Feed rate F for tapping ............................................................................................ 11-17
11.5 Features, Specifications and Accessories ...................................... 11-18

TNC 360 .................................................................................................................. 11-18
Accessories ............................................................................................................. 11-20
11.6 TNC Error Messages ......................................................................... 11-21

TNC error messages during programming .............................................................. 11-21
TNC error messages during test run and program run ............................................ 11-22
11.7 Address letters (ISO programming) ............................................... 11-25

G Functions ............................................................................................................. 11-25
Other address letters .............................................................................................. 11-26
Parameter definitions .............................................................................................. 11-27
TNC 360
Introduction
1.1 The TNC 360

Control
The TNC 360 is a shop-floor programmable contouring control for milling
machines, boring machines and machining centers with up to four axes.
The spindle can be rotated to a given angular stop position (oriented
spindle stop).
Visual display unit and operating panel
The monochrome screen clearly displays all information necessary for
operating the TNC. In addition to the CRT monitor (BE 212), the TNC 360
can also be used with a flat luminescent screen (BF 110). The keys on the
operating panel are grouped according to their functions. This
simplifies programming and the application of the TNC functions.
Programming
The TNC 360 is programmed in ISO format. Programming with the easy to
understand HEIDENHAIN plain language dialog format is also possible and
is described in the TNC 360 User's Manual for HEIDENHAIN Conversational Programming.
Graphics
The graphic simulation enables you to test programs before actual machining. Various types of graphic representation can be selected.
Compatibility
The TNC 360 can execute any part program that was programmed on a
TNC 150B HEIDENHAIN control or any subsequent version.
1-2
TNC 360
Introduction
1.1
The TNC 360
The Operating Panel

The keys on the TNC operating panel are grouped according to their
functions:
Program selection
Address letters
External data transfer

Probing functions
Editing functions
RND
CR
Jump instruction GOTO

Arrow keys
PGM
CALL
CL
PGM
PGM
NR
CT
DEL
TOUCH
PROBE
EXT
CC
ENT
GOTO
IV
+/
CE
Q
DEF
Numerical entries
Axis selection
END
Address letters
STOP
CYCL
DEF
CYCL
CALL
LBL
SET
LBL
CALL
NO
ENT
TOOL
DEF
TOOL
CALL
R-L
R+R
MOD
BLK
FORM
NO ENT key
Tool-related address letters
GRAPHICS
MAGN
Graphic operating
modes
100
150
50
Operating modes
START
100
S%
Override controls
for spindle speed
and feed rate
The machine operating buttons, such as
150
50
F%
MOD
HEIDENHAIN
The functions of the individual keys are described on the inside front cover. An overview
of the address letters used for ISO programming is provided in Chapter 11.
for NC start, are described in the manual for your machine tool.
In this manual they are shown in gray.
The Screen
Brightness control
(BE 212 only)
Header
The header of the screen shows the selected operating mode. Dialog
questions and TNC messages also appear there.
TNC 360
1-3
Introduction
1.1
The TNC 360
Screen Layout
MANUAL and EL. HANDWHEEL operating modes:
A machine operating mode has been selected
Coordinates
Selected axis
means:
control is in
operation
Status display,
e.g. feed rate F,
miscellaneous
function M
A program run operating mode has been selected
Section of
selected
program
Status display
The screen layout is the same in the operating modes PROGRAM RUN,
PROGRAMMING AND EDITING and TEST RUN. The current block is
shown between two horizontal lines.
1-4
TNC 360
Introduction
1.1
The TNC 360
TNC Accessories
3D Touch Probe Systems
The TNC features the following functions for the
HEIDENHAIN 3D touch probe systems:
Automatic workpiece alignment (compensation
of workpiece misalignment)
Datum setting
Measurements of the workpiece can be performed during program run
Digitizing 3D forms (optional, only available with
HEIDENHAIN plain language dialog programming)
The TS 120 touch probe system is connected to the
control via cable, while the TS 510 communicates
by means of infrared light.
Fig. 1.5:
HEIDENHAIN 3D Touch Probe Systems TS 120 and TS 511
Fig. 1.6:
HEIDENHAIN FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit
Fig. 1.7:
The HR 330 Electronic Handwheel
Floppy Disk Unit

The HEIDENHAIN FE 401 floppy disk unit serves as
an external memory for the TNC, allowing you to
store your programs externally on diskette.
The FE 401 can also be used to transfer programs
that were written on a PC into the TNC. Extremely
long programs which exceed the TNC's memory
capacity are drip fed block by block. The machine
executes the transferred blocks and erases them
immediately, freeing memory for further blocks
from the FE.
Electronic Handwheels
Electronic handwheels provide precise manual
control of the axis slides. As on conventional
machines, turning the handwheel moves the axis
by a defined amount. The traverse distance per
revolution of the handwheel can be adjusted over a
wide range.
Portable handwheels, such as the HR 330, are
connected to the TNC by cable. Built-in handwheels, such as the HR 130, are built into the
machine operating panel.
An adapter allows up to three handwheels to be
connected simultaneously. Your machine tool
builder can tell you more about the handwheel
configuration of your machine.
TNC 360
1-5
Introduction
1.2 Fundamentals of Numerical Control (NC)

Introduction
This chapter addresses the following topics:
What is NC?
The part program
Programming
Reference system
Cartesian coordinate system
Additional axes
Polar coordinates
Setting the pole
Datum setting
Absolute workpiece positions
Incremental workpiece positions
Programming tool movements
Position encoders
Reference mark evaluation
What is NC?
NC stands for Numerical Control. Simply put, numerical control is the
operation of a machine by means of coded instructions. Modern controls
such as the HEIDENHAIN TNCs have a built-in computer for this purpose.
Such a control is therefore also called a CNC (Computer Numerical
Control).
The part program

A part program is a complete list of instructions for machining a workpiece. It contains such information as the target position of a tool movement, the tool path i.e. how the tool should move towards the target
position and the feed rate. The program must also contain information
on the radius and length of the tools, the spindle speed and the tool axis.
Programming
The TNC is programmed in the ISO format; some programming sections,
however, are guided by dialog prompting. The single commands (words)
can be entered in any sequence within a block (except G90/G91). The TNC
automatically sorts the single commands as soon as the block is concluded.
1-6
TNC 360
Introduction
1.2
Fundamentals of NC
Reference system
In order to define positions one needs a reference system. For example,
positions on the earth's surface can be defined "absolutely" by their
geographic coordinates of longitude and latitude. The term "coordinate"
comes from the Latin word for "that which is arranged", i.e. dimensions
used for determining or defining positions. The network of horizontal and
vertical lines around the globe constitutes an "absolute reference system"
in contrast to the "relative" definition of a position that is referenced, for
example, to some other, known location.
60
Greenwich
30
0
30
60
90 0 90
Fig. 1.8:
The geographic coordinate system

is an absolute reference system
Cartesian coordinate system

On a TNC controlled milling machine a workpiece is normally machined
according to a workpiece-referenced Cartesian coordinate system (a
rectangular coordinate system named after the French mathematician and
philosopher Ren Descartes, Latin: Renatus Cartesius; 1596 to 1650). The
Cartesian coordinate system is based on three coordinate axes X, Y and Z,
which are parallel to the machine guideways. The figure to the right
illustrates the "right hand rule" for remembering the three axis directions:
the middle finger is pointing in the positive direction of the tool axis from
the workpiece toward the tool (the Z axis), the thumb is pointing in the
positive X direction, and the index finger in the positive Y direction.
+Y
+Z
+X
+Z
+X
+Y
Fig. 1.9:
TNC 360
Designations and directions of the

axes on a milling machine
1-7
Introduction
1.2
Fundamentals of NC
Additional axes
The TNC can control machines that have more than three axes. U, V and
W are secondary linear axes parallel to the main axes X, Y and Z, respectively (see illustration). Rotary axes are also possible. They are designated
as axes A, B and C.
Y
B+
C+
W+
V+
A+
U+
Fig. 1.10:
Polar coordinates
The Cartesian coordinate system is especially
useful for parts whose dimensions are mutually
perpendicular. But when workpieces contain
circular arcs, or when dimensions are given in
degrees, it is often easier to use polar coordinates.
In contrast to Cartesian coordinates, which are
three-dimensional, polar coordinates can only
describe positions in a plane.
The datum for polar coordinates is the pole I, J, K.
To describe a position in polar coordinates, think of
a scale whose zero point is rigidly connected to the
pole but which can be freely rotated in a plane
around the pole.
Positions in this plane are defined by:
Arrangement and designation of

the auxiliary axes
Y
R
R
H2
H3
R
H1
J = 10
I = 30
Fig. 1.11:
Positions on an arc with polar coordinates
Polar Radius R: The distance from the pole I, J

to the defined position.
Polar Angle H: The angle between the reference axis and the scale.
1-8
TNC 360
Introduction
1.2
Fundamentals of NC
Setting the pole

The pole is defined by setting two Cartesian coordinates. These two
coordinates also determine the reference axis for the polar angle PA.
Coordinates of the pole
Reference axis of the angle
I, J
J, K
K, I
+X
+Y
+Z
0
I
Fig. 1.12:
Polar coordinates and their associated reference axes
Z
Setting the datum
The workpiece drawing identifies a certain prominent point on the workpiece (usually a corner) as the "absolute datum" and perhaps one or more
other points as relative datums. The process of datum setting establishes
these points as the origin of the absolute or relative coordinate systems:
The workpiece, which is aligned with the machine axes, is moved to a
certain position relative to the tool and the display is set either to zero or
to another appropriate position value (e.g. to compensate the tool radius).
Y
X
Fig. 1.13:
TNC 360
The workpiece datum serves as

the origin of the Cartesian
coordinate system
1-9
Introduction
1.2
Fundamentals of NC
Example:
250
125
216,5
-250
-216,5
-125
Drawings with several relative datums

(according to ISO 129 or DIN 406, Part 11; Figure 171)
216,5
125
250
1225
-125
-216,5
-250
150
0
320
-150
0
3000,1
750
900
950
700
450
325
Example:
Coordinates of the point :

X = 10 mm
Y = 5 mm
Z = 0 mm
Y
X
The datum of the Cartesian coordinate system is located 10 mm away

from point on the X axis and 5 mm on the Y axis.
The 3D Touch Probe System from HEIDENHAIN is an especially
convenient and efficient way to find and set datums.
1
5
10
Fig. 1.15:
1-10
Point defines the coordinate

system.
TNC 360
Introduction
1.2
Fundamentals of NC
Each position on the workpiece is clearly defined by its absolute coordinates.
Example: Absolute coordinates of the position :

X = 20 mm
Y = 10 mm
Z = 15 mm
Y
15
m
X=20m
X
m
If you are drilling or milling a workpiece according to a workpiece drawing

with absolute coordinates, you are moving the tool to the coordinates.
10
Y=
Z=15mm
10
20

A position can be referenced to the previous nominal position: i.e. the
relative datum is always the last programmed position. Such coordinates
are referred to as incremental coordinates (increment = growth), or also
incremental or chain dimensions (since the positions are defined as a
chain of dimensions). Incremental coordinates are designated with G91.
Fig. 1.16:
Position of the example

"absolute workpiece positions"
Example: Incremental coordinates of the position

referenced to position
Absolute coordinates of the position :

X = 10 mm
Y = 5 mm
Z = 20 mm
2
20
IY
=1
0m
IX=10
mm
15
10
Incremental coordinates of the position :

IX = 10 mm
IY = 10 mm
IZ = 15 mm
IZ=15mm
X
5
10
10
0
0
If you are drilling or milling a workpiece according to a workpiece drawing

with incremental coordinates, you are moving the tool by the coordinates.
Fig. 1.17:
Positions and of the example

"incremental workpiece positions"
An incremental position definition is therefore intended as an immediately

relative definition. This is also the case when a position is defined by the
distance-to-go to the target position (here the relative datum is located at
the target position). The distance-to-go has a negative algebraic sign if the
target position lies in the negative axis direction from the actual position.
The polar coordinate system can also express both
types of dimensions:
Absolute polar coordinates always refer to the
pole I, J and the angle reference axis.
Incremental polar coordinates always refer to
the last programmed nominal position of the
tool.
Y
G91R
R
G91H
G91H
J = 10
I = 30
Fig. 1.18:
TNC 360
Incremental dimensions in polar coordinates (designated

with "G91")
1-11
Introduction
1.2
Fundamentals of NC
Example:
Workpiece drawing with coordinate dimensioning
(according to ISO 129 or DIN 406, Part 11; Figure 179)
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.6
3.2
r
3.7
3.1
3.8
2.1
3.9
2.2
3.10
Y2
3.12
3.11
1.3
2.3
X2
1.1
1.2
Y1
1
X1
Dimensions in mm
Coordinate
origin
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1-12
Coordinates
Pos.
X1 X2
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
2
3
2.1
2.2
2.3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
0
325
900
950
450
700
300
300
300
Y1 Y2
0
320
320
750
750
1225
150
0
150
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
120
120
200
200
400
50
50
50
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
H7
H7
H7
H7
H8
H11
H11
H11
TNC 360
Introduction
1.2
Fundamentals of NC
Programming tool movements

An axis position is changed either by moving the tool or by moving the
machine table on which the workpiece is fixed, depending on the individual machine tool.
+Z
+Y
+X
You always program as if the tool is moving and the workpiece is

stationary.
If the machine table moves in one or several axes, the corresponding axes
are designated on the machine operating panel with a prime mark (e.g. X,
Y). When an axis is designated with a prime mark, the programmed
direction of axis movement is the opposite direction of tool movement
relative to the workpiece.
Fig. 1.20:
On this machine the tool moves in

the Y and Z axes; the machine
table moves in the positive X' axis
direction.
Position encoders
The position encoders linear encoders for linear axes, angle encoders for
rotary axes convert the movement of the machine axes into electrical
signals. The control evaluates these signals and constantly calculates the
actual position of the machine axes.
If there is an interruption in power, the calculated position will no longer

correspond to the actual position. When power is returned, the TNC can
re-establish this relationship.
Fig. 1.21:
Linear position encoder, here for

the X axis
Fig. 1.22:
Linear scales: above with

distance-coded-reference marks,
below with one reference mark
Reference marks
The scales of the position encoders contain one or more reference marks.
When a reference mark is passed over, it generates a signal which
identifies that position as the machine axis reference point.
With the aid of these reference marks the TNC can re-establish the
assignment of displayed positions to machine axis positions.
If the position encoders feature distance-coded reference marks, each
axis need only move a maximum of 20 mm (0.8 in.) for linear encoders,
and 20 for angle encoders.
TNC 360
1-13
Introduction
1.3 Switch-On
Switch on the power supply for the TNC and machine. The TNC then
begins the following dialog:
MEMORY TEST
The TNC memory is automatically checked.
POWER INTERRUPTED
Message from the TNC indicating that the power was interrupted.
Clear the message.
CE
TRANSLATE PLC PROGRAM

The PLC program of the TNC is automatically translated.
RELAY EXT. DC VOLTAGE MISSING

Switch on the control voltage.
The TNC checks the functioning of the EMERGENCY STOP circuit.
MANUAL OPERATION
TRAVERSE REFERENCE POINTS
To cross over the reference marks in the displayed sequence:
Press the machine START button for each axis.
To cross over the reference marks in any sequence:

For each axis, press and hold down the machine axis direction
button until the reference mark has been crossed over.
, ...
The TNC is now ready for operation

in the MANUAL OPERATION mode.
1-14
TNC 360
Introduction
1.4 Graphics and Status Display

The TNC features various graphic display modes for testing programs. To
be able to use this feature, you must select a program run operating
mode.
Workpiece machining is simulated graphically in the display modes:
Plan view
Projection in three planes
3D view
With the fast internal image generation, the TNC calculates the contour
and displays a graphic only of the completed part.
Select display mode
GRAPHICS
2x
MOD
Select display mode menu.
Select desired display mode.
ENT
Confirm selection.
Start graphic display

GRAPHICS
Start graphic simulation in the selected display mode.

START
The START key repeats a graphic simulation as often as desired.

Rotary axis movements cannot be graphically simulated.
An attempted test run will result in an error message.
Plan view
In this mode, contour height is shown by image brightness.
The deeper the contour, the darker the image.
Number of depth levels: 7
This is the fastest of the three display modes.
Fig. 1.23:
TNC 360
TNC graphics, plan view
1-15
Introduction
1.4
Graphics and Status Display
Projection in three planes

Here the program is displayed as in a technical
drawing, with a plan view and two orthographic
sections. A conical symbol near the graphic indicates whether the display is in first angle or second
angle projection according to ISO 6433, Part 1. The
type of projection can be selected with MP 7310.
Moving the sectional planes
The sectional planes can be moved to any position
with the arrow keys. The position of the sectional
plane is displayed on the screen while it is being
moved.
Fig. 1.24:
TNC graphics, projection in three planes
Fig. 1.25:
TNC graphics, 3D view
Fig. 1.26:
Rotated 3D view
3D view
This mode displays the simulated workpiece in
three-dimensional space.
Rotating the 3D view

In the 3D view, the image can be rotated around
the vertical axis with the horizontal arrow keys.
The angle of orientation is indicated with a special
symbol:
00 rotation
900 rotation
1800 rotation
2700 rotation
3D view, not true to scale

If the height-to-side ratio is between 0.5 and 50, a non-scaled 3D view can
be selected with the vertical arrow keys. This view improves the resolution of the shorter workpiece side.
The angle orientation symbol also indicates the angle of orientation of the
non-scaled 3D view.
1-16
TNC 360
Introduction
1.4
Detail magnification of a 3D graphic
Fig. 1.27:
GRAPHICS
Detail magnification of a 3D graphic
Select function for detail magnification.
MAGN
Select sectional plane.
Set / reset section.
If desired: switch dialog for transfer of detail.
TRANSFER DETAIL = ENT

ENT
Magnify detail.
Details can be magnified in any display mode. The abbreviation MAGN appears on the screen to indicate that the
image is magnified.
Return to non-magnified view

GRAPHICS
BLK
FORM
TNC 360
Press BLK FORM to display the workpiece in its programmed size.
1-17
Introduction
1.4
Status Display
The status display in a program run operating mode
shows the current coordinates as well as the
following information:
Type of position display (ACTL, NOML, ...)

Axis locked ( in front of the axis)
Number of current tool T
Tool axis
Spindle speed S
Feed rate F
Active miscellaneous function M
TNC is in operation (indicated by )
Machines with gear ranges:
Gear range following "/" character
(depends on machine parameter)
Fig. 1.28:
Status display in a program run operating mode
Bar graphs can be used to indicate analog quantities such as spindle speed and feed rate in the status display. These
bar graphs must be activated by the machine tool builder.
1-18
TNC 360
Introduction
1.5 Programs
The TNC 360 can store up to 32 part programs at once. The part programs
can be written in HEIDENHAIN plain language dialog or according to ISO.
ISO programs are indicated with ISO.
Each program is identified by a number with up to eight characters.
Program directory
The program directory is called with the PGM NR
key. To erase programs in the TNC memory, press
the CL PGM key.
Action
Mode of
operation
Call program
directory with...
Create (a program)
...
PGM
NR
Edit
...
PGM
NR
Erase
...
CL
PGM
Test
...
PGM
NR
Execute
...
PGM
NR
Fig. 1.29:
Program management functions
Fig. 1.30:
Program directory on the TNC screen
The program directory provides the following

information:
Program number
Program type (HEIDENHAIN or ISO)
Program size in bytes, where one byte is the
equivalent of one character.
TNC 360
1-19
Introduction
1.5
Programs
Selecting, erasing and protecting programs

To select a program:
Call the program management.
PGM
NR
PROGRAM NUMBER ?
Use the arrow keys to highlight the program.
or
1 5
Enter the desired program number, for example 15.
Confirm your selection.
ENT
To erase a program:
CL
PGM
Press CL PGM to call the program management.
ERASE = ENT / END = NO ENT

Use the arrow keys to highlight the program.
or
NO
ENT
or
ENT
Erase the program or abort.
To protect a program:
PGM
NR
Call the program management.
PROGRAM NUMBER = ?
e.g.
Enter the number of the program to be protected, for example

program number 5.
ENT
ENT
Use the arrow key to highlight the first block.
END
Enter the function for program protection, conclude the block.
Resulting NC block: %5 G71 G50 *

Removing edit protection
To remove edit protection re-select the program and enter the code
number 86357 with the corresponding MOD function (see page 10-3).
1-20
TNC 360
Introduction
1.5
Programs
To remove edit protection:

Select the protected program, for example program number 5.
0 BEGIN 5 MM P
Select MOD functions.
MOD
VACANT BYTES =
Activate the CODE NUMBER function.
repeatedly
CODE NUMBER
TNC 360
6 3 5
Enter the code number 86357:

Edit protection is removed, the "P" disappears.
1-21
2.1 Moving the Machine Axes

Traversing with the machine axis direction buttons
MANUAL OPERATION
e.g.
Press the machine axis direction button and hold it for as long as you wish
the axis to move.
You can move several axes at once in this way.
For continuing movement:

MANUAL OPERATION
e.g.
Press and hold the machine axis direction button, then press the machine
START button. The axis continues to move after you release the keys.
together
To stop the axis, press the machine STOP button.
You can only move one axis at a time with this method.
2-2
TNC 360
2.1
Moving the Machine Axes
Traversing with the electronic handwheel

INTERPOLATION FACTOR:
e.g.
e.g.
Enter the desired interpolation factor (see table below).
ENT
Select the axis that you wish to move:

for portable handwheels, at the handwheel;
for integral handwheels, at the TNC keyboard.
Now move the selected axis with the electronic handwheel. If you are
using the portable handwheel, first press the enabling switch on its back.
Interpolation
factor
Traverse in mm per
revolution
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20.000
10.000
5.000
2.500
1.250
0.625
0.312
0.156
0.078
0.039
0.019
Fig. 2.1:
Interpolation factors and paths of traverse
Fig. 2.2:
HR 330 Electronic Handwheel
The smallest programmable interpolation factor depends on the individual machine tool.
Positioning with the electronic handwheel can also be carried out in the operating mode PROGRAMMING AND
EDITING (depending on MP7641).
Working with the HR 330 Electronic Handwheel

Attach the electronic handwheel to a steel surface with the mounting
magnets such that it cannot be operated unintentionally.
Be sure not to press the axis direction buttons unintentionally when you
remove the handwheel from its position as long as the enabling switch
(between the magnets) is depressed.
If you are using the handwheel for machine setup, press the enabling
switch. Only then can you move the axes with the axis direction buttons.
TNC 360
2-3
2.1
Moving the Machine Axes
Incremental jog positioning
With incremental jog positioning, a machine axis will move by a preset

increment each time you press the corresponding machine axis
direction button.
8
Fig. 2.3:
16
Incremental jog positioning in the

X axis
INTERPOLATION FACTOR:
Select incremental jog positioning.

Select incremental jog positioning by pressing the handwheel mode
key again.
JOG-INCREMENT:
e.g.
e.g.
ENT
Enter the jog increment, for example 8 mm.

Press the machine axis direction button as often as desired.
Incremental jog positioning must be enabled by the machine tool builder.
Positioning with manual data input (MDI)

Page 5-41 describes positioning by manually entering the target coordinates for the tool.
2-4
TNC 360
2.2 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Function M

The following values can be entered and changed in the MANUAL OPERATION and ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL modes of operation:
Miscellaneous function M
Spindle speed S
Feed rate F (can be changed but not entered)
For part programs these functions are entered or edited directly in the
PROGRAMMING AND EDITING operating mode.
Fig. 2.4:
Knobs for spindle speed and feed

rate overrides
To enter the spindle speed S

Select the S function key.
S
N10 S
e.g.
1 0 0
END
Enter the spindle speed S, for example 1000 rpm.

Confirm the spindle speed S with the machine START button.
A miscellaneous function M starts spindle rotation at the entered

speed S.
TNC 360
2-5
2.2
Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Function M
To enter the miscellaneous function M
Select the M function key.
N10 M
e.g.
ENT
Enter the desired miscellaneous function M, for example M6.

Activate the miscellaneous function M with the machine START button.
Chapter 11 provides an overview of the miscellaneous functions.
To change the spindle speed S

100
50
150
0
S%
Turn the spindle speed override knob:

Adjust the spindle speed S to between 0% and 150% of the last entered
value.
The spindle speed override will function only if your machine tool is equipped with a stepless spindle drive.
To change the feed rate F

In the MANUAL OPERATION mode the feed rate is set through a machine
parameter.
100
50
150
0
2-6
Turn the feed rate override knob:

Adjust the feed rate to between 0% and 150% of the last entered value.
F%
TNC 360
2.3 Setting the Datum without a 3D Touch Probe

You fix a datum by setting the TNC position display to the coordinates of a
known point on the workpiece. The fastest, easiest and most accurate
way of setting the datum is by using a 3D touch probe system from
HEIDENHAIN (see page 2-14).
To prepare the TNC:
Clamp and align the workpiece.
Insert the zero tool with known radius into the spindle.
Select the MANUAL OPERATION mode.
Ensure that the TNC is showing actual position values (see p. 10-4).
Setting the datum in the tool axis

Protective arrangement:
If the workpiece surface must not be scratched,
you can lay a metal shim of known thickness d
on it. Then enter a tool axis datum value that is
larger than the desired datum by the value d.
X
Fig. 2.5:
Datum setting in the tool axis; right with protective shim
Move the tool until it touches workpiece surface.
e.g.
DATUM SET
e.g.
e.g.
TNC 360
Select the tool axis.
Z=
5 0
For a zero tool: Set the display to Z = 0 or enter thickness d of the shim.
ENT
ENT
For a preset tool: Set the display to the length L of the tool,
for example Z=50 mm, or enter the sum Z=L+d.
2-7
2.3
Setting the Datum without a 3D Touch Probe
Setting the datum in the working plane
Y
1
Y
R
R
1
Fig. 2.6:
2
Setting the datum in the working plane; plan view (upper
right)
Move the zero tool until it touches the side of the workpiece.
e.g. +/
Select the axis.
e.g.
ENT
Enter the position of the tool center (here X = 5 mm) in the selected axis.
Be careful to enter the correct algebraic sign.
Repeat the process for all axes in the working plane.
2-8
TNC 360
2.4 3D Touch Probe System

3D Touch probe applications
The TNC provides touch functions for application of a HEIDENHAIN 3D
touch probe. Typical applications for the touch probe system are:
Compensating workpiece misalignment
(basic rotation)
Datum setting
Measuring:
- Lengths and positions on the workpiece
- Angles
- Circle radii
- Circle centers
Measurements under program control
Digitizing 3D surfaces (optional, only available with HEIDENHAIN plain
language dialog programming.)
Fig. 2.7:
HEIDENHAIN TS 120 threedimensional touch probe system
The TNC must be specially prepared by the machine tool builder for the use of a 3D touch probe.
After you press the machine START button, the touch probe begins
executing the selected probe function. The machine tool builder sets the
feed rate F at which the probe approaches the workpiece. When the 3D
touch probe contacts the workpiece, it
transmits a signal to the TNC, which stores the coordinates of the
probed position
stops moving
returns to its starting position in rapid traverse
F max
Fig. 2.8:
Feed rates during probing
Selecting the touch probe menu

MANUAL OPERATION
or
TOUCH
PROBE
Select the menu of touch probe functions.
CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH

CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS
BASIC ROTATION
SURFACE = DATUM
CORNER = DATUM
CIRCLE CENTER = DATUM
TNC 360
2-9
2.4
3D Touch Probe System
Calibrating the 3D Touch Probe

The touch probe system must be calibrated
for commissioning
after a stylus breaks
when the stylus is changed
when the probe feed rate is changed
in case of irregularities, such as those resulting from machine heating.
During calibration, the TNC finds the effective length of the stylus and
the effective radius of the ball tip. To calibrate the 3D touch probe,
clamp a ring gauge with known height and known internal radius to the
machine table.
Y
5
X
To calibrate the effective length
Fig. 2.9:
Calibrating the touch probe length
Set the datum in the tool axis such that for the machine tool table, Z=0.
TOUCH
PROBE
SURFACE = DATUM
ENT
Select the calibration function for the touch probe length.
CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH

Z+ Z
TOOL AXIS = Z
e.g.
If necessary, enter the tool axis, for example Z.

Move the highlight to DATUM.
e.g.
Enter the height of the ring gauge, for example 5 mm.
Move the touch probe to a position just above the ring gauge.
or
2-10
If necessary, change the displayed traverse direction.
The 3D touch probe contacts the upper surface of the ring gauge.
TNC 360
2.4
To calibrate the effective radius

Position the ball tip in the bore hole of the ring gauge.
10
X
Fig. 2.10:
TOUCH
PROBE
Calibrating the touch probe radius
SURFACE = DATUM
ENT
Select the calibration function for the ball-tip radius.
CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS

X+
Y+
Y
Select RADIUS RING GAUGE.
RADIUS RING GAUGE = 0
4x
ENT
Enter the radius of the ring gauge, for example 5 mm.
The 3D touch probe contacts one position on the bore for each axis
direction.
Displaying calibration values

The effective length and radius of the 3D touch probe are stored in the
TNC for use whenever the touch probe is needed again. The stored values
are displayed the next time the calibration function is called.
TNC 360
2-11
2.4
Compensating workpiece misalignment

The TNC electronically compensates workpiece
misalignment by computing a basic rotation.
Set the ROTATION ANGLE to the angle at which a
workpiece surface should be oriented with respect
to the angle reference axis (see p. 1-9) of the
working plane.
2
PA
A
Fig. 2.11:
TOUCH
PROBE
Basic rotation of a workpiece, probing procedure for compensation (right). The dashed line is the nominal position;
the angle PA is being compensated.
SURFACE = DATUM
Select the BASIC ROTATION probe function.
ENT
BASIC ROTATION
X+
X-
Y+
ROTATION ANGLE =
e.g.
Enter the nominal value of the ROTATION ANGLE.
ENT
Move the ball tip to a starting position A near the first touch point 1 .
X+
Y+
or
Y
Select the probing direction.
Probe the workpiece.
Move the ball tip to a starting position B near the second touch point 2 .
A basic rotation is kept in non-volatile storage and is effective for all

subsequent program runs and graphic simulations.
2-12
TNC 360
2.4
Displaying basic rotation

The angle of the basic rotation is shown in the
rotation angle display. When a basic rotation is
active the abbreviation ROT is highlighted in the
status display.
Fig. 2.12:
Displaying the angle of an active basic rotation
To cancel a basic rotation:

Select BASIC ROTATION again.
ROTATION ANGLE =
ENT
END
TNC 360
Set the ROTATION ANGLE to 0.
Terminate the probe function.
2-13
2.5 Setting the Datum with the 3D Touch Probe System

The following functions for setting the datum on an aligned workpiece are
listed for in the TCH PROBE menu:
Datum setting in any axis with
SURFACE = DATUM
Setting a corner as datum with
CORNER = DATUM
Setting the datum at a circle center with
Setting the datum in a specific axis
Z
1
Fig. 2.13:
Probing for the datum in the Z axis
Select the probe function SURFACE = DATUM.

Move the touch probe to a starting position near the touch point.
SURFACE = DATUM
X+
e.g.
2-14
Y+
Z+
or
Select the probing direction and the axis in which you wish to set the datum,
for example Z in the Z direction.
ENT
Enter the nominal coordinate of the DATUM.
TNC 360
2.5
Setting the Datum with the 3D Touch Probe System
Corner as datum
Y
4
Y=?
X=?
Fig. 2.14:
2
1
Probing procedure for finding the coordinates of the

corner P
Select the CORNER = DATUM probe function.
To use the points that were just probed for a basic rotation:
TOUCH POINTS OF BASIC ROTATION?
Transfer the touch point coordinates to memory.
ENT
Move the touch probe to a starting position near the first touch point on the side that was not probed for basic
rotation.
CORNER = DATUM
X+
Y+
Y
or
Move the touch probe to a starting position near the second touch point on the same side.
DATUM X =
e.g.
ENT
Enter the first coordinate of the datum, for example in the X axis.
.
.
.
TNC 360
2-15
2.5
.
.
.
Select the second coordinate.
DATUM Y =
e.g.
ENT
END
Enter the second coordinate of the datum, for example in the Y axis.
If you do not wish to use points that were just probed for a basic rotation:
TOUCH POINTS OF BASIC ROTATION?
NO
ENT
Ignore the dialog prompt.
Probe both workpiece sides twice.

Enter the datum coordinates.
2-16
TNC 360
2.5
Circle center as datum

With this function you can set the datum at the center of bore holes,
circular pockets, cylinders, journals, circular islands etc.
Inside circle
The TNC automatically probes the inside wall in all four coordinate axis
directions.
For incomplete circles (circular arcs) you can choose the appropriate
probing direction.
Y+
10
X
X+
Y
8
Fig. 2.15:
Probing an inside cylindrical

surface to find the center
Select the CIRCLE CENTER = DATUM probe function.

Move the touch probe to a position approximately in the center of the circle.

X+
Y+
4x
The probe touches four points on the inside of the circle.
DATUM X =
e.g.
Enter the first coordinate of the circle center, for example in the X axis.
ENT
Select the second coordinate.
DATUM Y =
e.g.
1 0
END
TNC 360
ENT
Enter the second coordinate of the circle center, for example in the Y axis.
2-17
2.5
Outside circle
Y
Y
X+
X
2
1
Y+
X
Fig. 2.16:
Probing an outside cylindrical

surface to find the center
Select the CIRCLE CENTER = DATUM probe function.

Move the touch probe to a starting position near the first touch point 1 outside of the circle.

X+
Y+
or
Y
Repeat the probing process for points 2 , 3 and 4 (see Fig. 2.16).
Enter the coordinates of the circle center.
After the probing procedure is completed, the TNC displays the coordinates of the circle center and the circle radius PR.
2-18
TNC 360
2.6 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe System

With the 3D touch probe system you can determine
Position coordinates, and from them,
dimensions and angles on the workpiece.
Finding the coordinate of a position on an aligned workpiece

Select the SURFACE = DATUM probe function.
Move the touch probe to a starting position near the touch point.
SURFACE = DATUM
X+
Y+
or
Z+
Z
Select the probing direction and the axis in which you wish to find the
coordinate.
The TNC displays the coordinate of the touch point as DATUM.
Finding the coordinates of a corner in the working plane

Find the coordinates of the corner point as described under Corner as
datum. The TNC displays the coordinates of the probed corner as
DATUM.
TNC 360
2-19
2.6
Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe System
Measuring workpiece dimensions
Z
X
Fig. 2.17:
Measuring lengths with the 3D

touch probe

Move the probe to a starting position near the first touch point 1 .
SURFACE = DATUM
X+
Y+
Z+
or
Use the arrow keys to select the probing direction.
If you will need the current datum later, write down the value that appears in the DATUM display.
DATUM X =
ENT
END
Set the DATUM to 0.
Terminate the dialog.
Re-select the SURFACE = DATUM probe function.

Move the touch probe to a starting position near the second touch point 2 .
.
.
.
2-20
TNC 360
2.6
Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe System
.
.
.
SURFACE = DATUM
X+
Y+
Z+
or
Select the probing direction with the arrow keys

same axis as for 1 .
The value displayed as DATUM is the distance between the two points on
the coordinate axis.
To return to the datum that was active before the length measurement:
Probe the first touch point again.
Set the datum to the value that you wrote down previously.
END
Terminate the dialog.
Measuring angles
You can also use the 3D touch probe system to measure angles in the
working plane. You can measure
the angle between the angle reference axis and a workpiece side, or
the angle between two sides.
The measured angle is displayed as a value of maximum 90.
To find the angle between the angle reference axis and a side of the workpiece:
ROTATION ANGLE =
If you will need the current basic rotation later, write down the value that appears under ROTATION ANGLE.
Make a basic rotation with the side of the workpiece (see Compensating workpiece misalignment).
.
.
.
TNC 360
2-21
2.6
Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe
.
.
.
The angle between the angle reference axis and the side of the workpiece appears as the ROTATION ANGLE in the
BASIC ROTATION function.
Cancel the basic rotation.
Restore the previous basic rotation by setting the ROTATION ANGLE to the value that you wrote down previously.
To measure the angle between two sides of a workpiece:
PA
Fig. 2.18:
Measuring the angle between two

sides of a workpiece
ROTATION ANGLE =
If you will need the current basic rotation later, write down the value that appears under ROTATION ANGLE.
Make a basic rotation for the first side (see Compensating workpiece misalignment).
Probe the second side as for a basic rotation, but do not set the ROTATION ANGLE to zero!
The angle PA between the workpiece sides appears as the ROTATION ANGLE in the BASIC ROTATION function.
Cancel the basic rotation.

Restore the previous basic rotation by setting the ROTATION ANGLE to the value that you wrote down previously.
2-22
TNC 360
3.1 Test Run

In the TEST RUN mode of operation the TNC checks programs and
program sections for the following errors without moving the machine
axes:
Geometrical incompatibility
Missing data
Impossible jumps
The following TNC functions can be used in the TEST RUN operating
mode:
Test interruption at any block
Optional block skip
To do a test run
TEST RUN
TO BLOCK NUMBER =
NO
ENT
e.g.
1 0
Test the entire program.
ENT
Test the program up to the entered block, for example block 10.
Test run functions
3-2
Function
Key
Interrupt the test run
Continue test run after interruption
NO
ENT
TNC 360
3.2 Program Run

In the PROGRAM RUN / FULL SEQUENCE mode of operation the TNC
executes a part program continuously to its end or up to a program stop.
In the PROGRAM RUN /SINGLE BLOCK mode of operation you execute
each block separately by pressing the machine START button.
The following TNC functions can be used during a program run:
Interrupt program run

Start program run from a certain block
Blockwise transfer of very long programs from external storage
Checking/changing Q parameters
Graphic simulation of a program run
To run a part program

Clamp the workpiece to the machine table.
Set the datum
Select the program.
PROGRAM RUN / SINGLE BLOCK
or
PROGRAM RUN / FULL SEQUENCE
Select the part program.
GOTO
ENT
I
Only in mode
PROGRAM RUN /
SINGLE BLOCK
Go to the first block of the program.
Run the part program.
Run each block of the part program separately.
I
repeatedly
The feed rate and spindle speed can be changed with the override knobs.
TNC 360
3-3
3.2
Program Run
Interrupting machining
There are various ways to interrupt a program run:
Programmed interruptions
External STOP key
Switching to PROGRAM RUN / SINGLE BLOCK
EMERGENCY STOP button
If the TNC registers an error during program run, it automatically interrupts

machining.
Programmed interruptions
Interruptions can be programmed directly in the part program. The part
program is interrupted at a block containing one of the following entries:
G38
Miscellaneous functions M0, M02 or M30
Miscellaneous function M06, if the machine tool builder has assigned a
stop function
To interrupt or abort machining immediately:

The block which the TNC is currently executing is not completed.
Interrupt machining.
The sign in the status display blinks.
The part program can be aborted with the D key.
Abort program run.
The sign disappears from the status display.

To interrupt machining by switching to the PROGRAM RUN / SINGLE BLOCK operating mode:
You can interrupt the program run at the end of the current block.
Select PROGRAM RUN / SINGLE BLOCK.
3-4
TNC 360
3.2
Program Run
Resuming program run after an interruption

When a program run is interrupted the TNC stores:
The data of the last called tool

Active coordinate transformations
The coordinates of the last defined circle center
The count of a running program section repeat
The number of the last block that calls a subprogram or a program
section repeat
Resuming program run with the START button

You can resume program run by pressing the machine START button if the
program was interrupted in one of the following ways:
Pressing the machine STOP button
A programmed interruption
Pressing the EMERGENCY STOP button (machine-dependent
function).
Resuming program run after an error
If the error message is not blinking:
Remove the cause of the error.
CE
Clear the error message from the screen.
Restart the program.

If the error message is blinking:
I ON
Switch off the TNC and the machine.
0
OFF
Remove the cause of the error.

Restart the program.
If you cannot correct the error:
Write down the error message and contact your repair service agency.
TNC 360
3-5
3.3 Blockwise Transfer: Executing Long Programs

Part programs that occupy more memory than the TNC provides can be
drip fed block by block from an external storage device.
During program run, the TNC transfers program blocks from a floppy disk
unit or PC through its data interface, and erases them after execution.
To prepare for blockwise transfer:
Prepare the data interface.
Configure the data interface with the MOD function (see page 10-3).
If you wish to transfer a part program from a PC, adapt the TNC and PC
to each other (see pages 9-4 and 11-2).
Ensure that the transferred program meets the following requirements:
- The highest block number must not exceed 65534. However, the
block numbers can repeat themselves as often as necessary.
- All programs called from the transferred program must be present in
the TNC memory
- The transferred program must not contain:
Subprograms
Program section repetitions
The function D 15:PRINT
- The TNC can store up to 20 G99 blocks.
PROGRAM RUN / SINGLE BLOCK

or
TEST RUN
Select the function for blockwise transfer.
EXT
PROGRAM NUMBER
e.g.
1 0
ENT
Enter the program number and start data transfer.
Execute the transferred program blocks.
If the data transfer is interrupted, press the machine START button again.
3-6
TNC 360
3.3
Blockwise Transfer: Executing Long Programs
Jumping over blocks

The TNC can jump to any desired block in the program to begin transfer.
The preceding blocks are ignored during a program run.
Select the program and start transfer.
GOTO
e.g.
1 5 0
TNC 360
ENT
Enter the block number at which you wish to begin data transfer, for
example 150.
Execute the transferred blocks, starting with the block number that
you entered.
3-7
Programming
Programming
In the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING mode of operation you can do such
things as
creating,
adding to, and
editing files.
This chapter describes basic functions and programming input that do not
cause machine axis movement. The entry of geometry for workpiece
machining is described in the next chapter.
4.1 Editing Part Programs

Layout of a program
A part program consists of individual program
blocks.
The TNC numbers the blocks in ascending order.
The block number increment is defined through the
machine parameter MP 7220 (see page 11-5).
Program blocks contain units of information called
"words".
Block:
N10 G00 G40 G90 X+100 Y+20 M3
Path
function
Block
Number
Fig. 4.1:
Function
Program blocks contain words of specific information
Key
Continue the dialog
ENT
Ignore the dialog question
NO
ENT
End the block
Words
END
DEL
Erase the block / Erase the word
4-2
TNC 360
Programming
4.1
Editing Part Programs
Editing functions
Editing means entering, adding to or changing commands and information
for the TNC.
The TNC enables you to
Enter data with the keyboard

Select desired blocks and words
Insert and erase blocks and words
Correct erroneously entered values and commands
Easily clear TNC messages from the screen
Types of input
Numbers, coordinate axes and radius compensation are entered directly
by keyboard. You can set the algebraic sign either before, during or after a
numerical entry.
Selecting blocks and words
To call a block with a certain block number:
GOTO
e.g.
1 0
ENT
Block number 10 is highlighted.
To move one block forward or backward:

Press the vertical arrow keys.
or
To select individual words in a block:

Press the horizontal arrow keys.
or
To find the same word in other blocks:

or
Select the word in the block.
or
Jump to the same word in other blocks.
Inserting blocks
Additional program blocks can be inserted behind any existing block
(except the N9999 block).
GOTO
or
TNC 360
e.g.
ENT
Select the block in front of the desired insertion.
Program the new block.
4-3
Programming
4.1
Editing Part Programs
Editing and inserting words

Highlighted words can be changed as desired: simply overwrite the old
value with the new one. After entering the new information, press a
horizontal arrow key to remove the highlight from the block or confirm the
change with the END key. You can also insert new words into a specific
block by moving the highlight to the desired block with the horizontal
arrow keys.
Erasing blocks and words

Function
Key
Set the selected number to 0
CE
Erase an incorrect number
CE
Clear a non-blinking error message
CE
Delete the selected word

Delete the selected block
Erase program sections:
DEL
DEL
DEL
First select the last block of the program

section to be erased.
4-4
TNC 360
Programming
4.2 Tools
Each tool is identified by a number.
The tool data, consisting of the:
Length L, and
Radius R
are assigned to the tool number.
The tool data can be entered:
into the individual part program in a G99 block, or
once for each tool into a common tool table that is stored as
program 0.
Once a tool is defined, the TNC then associates its dimensions with the
tool number and accounts for them when executing positioning blocks.
Determining tool data

Tool number
Each tool is designated with a number between 0 and 254.
The tool with the number 0 is defined as having length L = 0 and radius
R = 0. In tool tables, T0 should also be defined with L = 0 and R = 0.
Tool radius R
The radius of the tool is entered directly.
Tool length L
The compensation value for the tool length is measured
as the difference in length between the tool and a zero tool, or
with a tool pre-setter.
A tool pre-setter eliminates the need to define a tool in terms of the
difference between its length and that of another tool.
TNC 360
4-5
Programming
4.2
Tools
Determining tool length with a zero tool

For the sign of the tool length L:
L > L0
L < L0
A positive value means the tool is longer

than the zero tool.
A negative value means the tool is
shorter than the zero tool.
L1 >0
L0
L2 <0
Fig. 4.2:
Tool lengths can be given as the difference from the zero

tool
Move the zero tool to the reference position in the tool axis (e.g. workpiece surface with Z = 0).
If necessary, set the datum in the tool axis to 0.
Change tools.
Move the new tool to the same reference position as the zero tool.
The TNC displays the compensation value for the length L of the tool.
Write the value down and enter it later.
Enter the display value by using the "actual position capture" function (see page 4-20).
4-6
TNC 360
Programming
4.2
Tools
Entering tool data into the program

The following data can be entered for each tool in the part program:
Tool number
Tool length compensation value L
Tool radius R
To enter tool data in the program block:
ENT
TOOL NUMBER T
e.g.
ENT
Designate the tool with a number, for example 5.
TOOL LENGTH L
1 0
ENT
Enter the compensation value for the tool length, for example
L = 10mm.
TOOL RADIUS R
e.g.
END
Enter the tool radius, for example R = 5mm.
Resulting NC block: G99 T5 L+10 R+5
You can enter the tool length L directly in the tool definition by using the "actual position capture" function
(see page 4-20).
TNC 360
4-7
Programming
4.2
Tools
Entering tool data in program 0

The data for all tools can be entered in a common tool table. The number
of tools in the table is selected through the machine parameter MP 7260.
If your machine uses an automatic tool changer, the tool data must be
stored in the tool table.
Editing the tool table (program 0)
Call the program directory.
PGM
NR
PROGRAM NUMBER =
ENT
Select the tool table.
In the ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL and MANUAL modes of operation, you can call the tool table at any time by
simply pressing ENT.
Data in the tool table

The tool table contains further information in
addition to the tool dimensions.
Fig. 4.3:
Dialog
Input
Abbreviation
4-8
Tool table
Tool number: the number with which the tool is called in a

part program
Special tool with large radius requiring more than one

pocket in the tool magazine. A certain number of pockets
is kept vacant on each side of the special tool. The letter S
then appears in front of the tool number.
SPECIAL TOOL?
YES = ENT / NO = NO ENT
Pocket number of the tool in the magazine
POCKET NUMBER?
Compensation value for the Length of the tool
TOOL LENGTH L?
Radius of the tool
TOOL RADIUS R?
TNC 360
Programming
4.2
Tools
Calling tool data

The following data can be programmed in the T block:
Tool number, Q parameter
Working plane with G17/G18 or G19
Spindle speed S
To call the tool data:
TOOL NUMBER?
Select the spindle axis Z.
1 7
G
S
Enter the number of the tool as it was defined in the tool table or in a
"G99" block, for example 5.
e.g.
Enter the desired spindle speed, for example S = 500 rpm.
END
Resulting NC block: T5 G17 S500

Tool pre-selection with tool tables
If you are using tool tables, you can indicate which tool you will next need
by entering a G51 block. Simply enter the tool number or a corresponding
Q parameter.
Tool change
Automatic tool change
If your machine is built for automatic tool changing, the TNC controls the
replacement of the inserted tool by another from the tool magazine. The
program run is not interrupted.
Manual tool change
To change the tool manually, stop the spindle and move the tool to the
tool change position. Sequence of action:
TNC 360
Move to the tool change position (under program control, if desired)

Interrupt program run (see page 3-4)
Change the tool
Continue the program run (see page 3-5)
4-9
Programming
4.2
Tools
Tool change position

A tool change position must lie next to or above the workpiece to prevent
tool collision. With the miscellaneous functions M91 and M92 (see page 539) you can enter machine-referenced rather than workpiecereferenced coordinates for the tool change position.
If T0 is programmed before the first tool call, the TNC moves the spindle
to an uncompensated position.
If a positive length compensation value was in effect before T0, the clearance to the workpiece is reduced.
4-10
TNC 360
Programming
4.3 Tool Compensation Values

For each tool, the TNC adjusts the spindle path in
the tool axis by the compensation value for the tool
length. In the working plane it compensates the
tool radius.
Fig. 4.4:
The TNC must compensate the length and radius of the tool
Effect of tool compensation values

Tool length
Length compensation becomes effective automatically as soon as a tool is
called and the tool axis moves.
To cancel length compensation, call a tool with the length L = 0.
Tool radius
Radius compensation becomes effective as soon as a tool is called and is
moved in the working plane with G41 or G42.
To cancel radius compensation, program a positioning block with G40.
Tool radius compensation

Tool traverse can be programmed:
Without radius compensation: G40
With radius compensation: G41or G42
As single-axis movements with G43 or G44
Fig. 4.5:
TNC 360
Programmed contour (, +) and the path of the tool

center (- - -)
4-11
Programming
4.3
Tool Compensation Values
Traverse without radius compensation: G40

The tool center moves to the programmed
coordinates.
Applications:
Drilling and boring
Pre-positioning
X
Y
X
Fig. 4.6:
These drilling positions are entered without radius compensation
Traverse with radius compensation G41, G42

The tool center moves to the left (G41) or to the right (G42) of the programmed contour at a distance equal to the tool radius. "Right" or "left" is
meant as seen in the direction of tool movement as if the workpiece were
stationary.
G41
G42
Fig. 4.7:
The tool moves to the left (G41) or to the right (G42) of the workpiece during milling
Between two program blocks with differing radius compensation you must program at least one block without radius
compensation (that is, with G40). Radius compensation is not in effect until the end of the block in which it is first
programmed.
Shortening or lengthening single-axis movements G43, G44

This type of radius compensation is possible only for single-axis movements in the working plane: The programmed tool path is shortened (G44)
or lengthened (G43) by the tool radius.
Applications:
Single-axis machining
Occasionally for pre-positioning the tool, such as for cycle G47: SLOT
MILLING.
G43 and G44 are activated by programming a positioning block with only one axis.
The machine tool builder may block the entry of single-axis positioning blocks through a machine parameter.
4-12
TNC 360
Programming
4.3
Tool Compensation Values
Machining corners
Outside corners
The TNC moves the tool in a transitional arc around
outside corners. The tool "rolls around" the corner
point.
If necessary, the feed rate F is automatically
reduced at outside corners to reduce machine
strain, for example for very sharp changes in
direction.
41
Fig. 4.8:
The tool "rolls around" outside corners
If you work without radius compensation, you can influence the machining of outside corners with the
miscellaneous function M90 (see page 5-36).
Inside corners
The TNC calculates the intersection of the tool
center paths at inside corners. From this point it
then starts the next contour element. This prevents
damage to the workpiece at inside corners.
G41
When two or more inside corners adjoin, the

chosen tool radius must be small enough to fit in
the programmed contour.
Fig. 4.9:
TNC 360
G41
Tool path for inside corners
4-13
Programming
4.4 Program Creation

To create a new part program
PGM
NR
Call the file directory.
Select any program.
PROGRAM NUMBER=
e.g.
4 3
ENT
Enter the name of the new program,

for example 743.
MM=G71 / INCH=G70
e.g.
ENT
Select the unit of measurement used in the program, for example

millimeters (G71), conclude the block.
Defining the blank form

If you wish to use the graphic workpiece simulation you must first define
a rectangular workpiece blank. Its sides lie parallel to the X, Y and Z axes
and can be up to 30 000 mm long.
Z
Y
MAX
MIN
Fig. 4.10:
The MIN and MAX points define

the blank form
The ratio of the blank-form side lengths must be less than 84:1.
MIN and MAX points

The blank form is defined by two of its corner points:
The MIN point the smallest X, Y and Z coordinates of the blank form,
entered as absolute values.
The MAX point the largest X, Y and Z coordinates of the blank form,
entered as absolute values or incremental values.
4-14
TNC 360
Programming
4.4
Program Creation
e.g.
G function for entering the MIN point.
Select the tool axis: G17 designates the Z axis.
X 0
Enter the MIN point coordinates for the X, Y and Z axes;

confirm the block with END.
Y 0
Z
e.g.
0 +/
G function for entering the MAX point.
Enter an absolute value, or
Enter an incremental value.
END
X 1 0 0
Y 1 0 0
Z
TNC 360
Enter the MAX point coordinates for the X, Y and Z axes;

confirm the block with END.
END
4-15
Programming
4.4
Program Creation
The entered program section appears on the TNC screen:

% 743 G71
Block 1: Program beginning, name, unit of measure.
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z-40

Block 2: Spindle axis, MIN point coordinates.
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0

Block 3: MAX point coordinates.
N9999 % 743 G71

Block 4: Program end, name, unit of measure.
The unit of measure used in the program appears behind the program
name (G71 = mm).
4-16
TNC 360
Programming
4.5 Entering Tool-Related Data
Besides the tool data and compensation, you must

also enter the following information:
Feed rate F
Spindle speed S
Miscellaneous functions M
S
F
The tool-related data can be determined with the

aid of diagrams (see page 11-15).
Fig. 4.11:
Feed rate F and spindle speed S of the tool
Feed rate F
The feed rate is the speed in mm/min (or inch/min) with which the tool
center moves.
Input range:
F = 0 to 30 000 mm/min (1181 inch/min)
The maximum feed rate is set in machine parameters individually for each
axis.
To set the feed rate:
e.g.
1 0 0
Enter the feed rate F, for example F = 100 mm/min.
Rapid traverse
You can program rapid traverse directly with the G00 function.
Duration of feed rate F
A feed rate that is entered as a numerical value remains in effect until the
control executes a block in which another feed rate has been programmed.
If the new feed rate is G00 (rapid traverse), the feed rate will return to the
last numerically entered feed rate as soon as the next block with G01 is
executed.
Changing the feed rate F
You can vary the feed rate by turning the knob for feed rate override on
the operating panel (see page 2-6).
TNC 360
4-17
Programming
4.5
Entering Tool-Related Data
Spindle speed S
The spindle speed S is entered in revolutions per minute (rpm).
Input range:
S = 0 to 99 999 rpm
To change the spindle speed S in the part program:
e.g.
1 0
0 0
END
Enter the spindle speed S, for example 1000 rpm.
Resulting NC block: T1 G17 S1000

To change the spindle speed S during program run:
100
50
150
0
4-18
S%
You can vary the spindle speed S on machines with stepless

ballscrew drives by turning the override knob on the operating panel.
TNC 360
Programming
4.6 Entering Miscellaneous Functions and STOP

The M functions (M for miscellaneous) affect:
Program run
Machine functions
Tool behavior
On the inside back cover of this manual you will find a list of M functions
that are predetermined for the TNC. The list indicates whether an M
function begins at the start or at the end of the block in which it is programmed.
You can program several M functions in one NC block as long as they are
independent of each other. The M function list on the inside back cover of
this manual shows the different groups of M functions.
Some M functions are not effective on certain machines. The machine tool builder may also add some of his own
M functions.
A program run or test run is interrupted when it reaches an NC block
containing the function G38.
If you wish to interrupt the program run or test run for a certain duration,
use the cycle G04: DWELL TIME (see page 8-38).
TNC 360
4-19
Programming
4.7 Actual Position Capture

Z
Sometimes you may want to enter the actual
position of the tool in a specific axis as a coordinate
in a part program. Instead of reading the actual
position values and entering them with the numeric
keypad, you can simply press the "actual position
capture" key. This feature can be used, for example,
to enter the tool length.
Y
X
Fig. 4.12:
Storing the actual position in the TNC
To capture the actual position:

MANUAL OPERATION
Move the tool to the position that you wish to capture.

Select or create the program block in which you wish to enter the actual position of the tool.
e.g.
Select the axis in which you wish to capture a coordinate, for example
the X axis.
Transfer the actual position coordinate to the program.
Enter the radius compensation according to the position of the tool relative to the workpiece.
4-20
TNC 360
5.1 General Information on Programming Tool Movements

A tool movement is always programmed as if the
tool is moving and the workpiece is stationary.
Always pre-position the tool at the beginning of a part program to prevent the possibility of damaging the tool or
workpiece. In addition, radius compensation and a path function must be active.
Example of an NC block: N30 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 *
Path functions
Each element of the workpiece contour is entered

separately using path functions. The various path
functions produce:
Straight lines
Circular arcs
You can also program a combination of the two
(helical paths).
Y
Fig. 5.1:
A contour consists of a combination of straight lines and

circular arcs
The contour elements are executed in sequence to

machine the programmed contour.
G01
G01
G 01
I, J
G01
G02
Fig. 5.2: Contour elements are programmed and executed in sequence
5-2
TNC 360
5.1
General Information on Programming Tool Movements
Subprograms and program section repeats

If a machining sequence repeats itself in a program, you can enter the
sequence once and define it as a subprogram or program section repeat.
Programming possibilities:
To repeat a machining routine immediately after it is executed (program
section repeat)
To insert a machining routine at certain locations in a program (subprogram)
To call a separate program for execution or test run within the main
program (main program as subprogram)
Cycles
Common machining routines are delivered with the control as standard
cycles. The TNC features fixed cycles for:
Pecking
Tapping
Slot milling
Pocket and island milling
Coordinate transformation cycles can be used to change the coordinates

of a machining sequence in a defined way, i.e.:
Datum shift
Mirroring
Rotation
Enlarging / Reducing
Parameter programming
Instead of numerical values you enter markers in the program, so-called
parameters, which are defined through mathematical functions or logical
comparisons. You can use parametric programming for:
Conditional and unconditional jumps

Measurements with the 3D touch probe during program run
Output of values and messages
Transferring values to and from memory
The following mathematical functions are available:
Assign
Addition/Subtraction
Multiplication/Division
Angle measurement/Trigonometry
etc.
TNC 360
5-3
5.2 Contour Approach and Departure

An especially convenient way to approach and depart a workpiece is on a tangential arc. This is done with the
"smooth approach" function (G26) (see page 5-6).
Starting and end positions

Starting position
The tool moves from the starting position to the first contour point. The
starting position is programmed without radius compensation.
The starting position must be:
approachable without collision
near the first contour point
located to prevent contour damage during workpiece approach
If you choose a starting position within the hatch marked area of Fig. 5.3
the tool will damage the contour as it approaches the first contour point.
The best starting position S lies on the extension of the tool path for
machining the first contour element.
G40
S
Fig. 5.3 :
First contour point
Starting position S for contour

approach
Workpiece machining starts at the first contour point. The tool moves on a
radius-compensated path to this point.
G41
Fig. 5.4 :
First contour point A for machining
Approaching the starting point in the spindle axis

The spindle moves to its working depth as it approaches the starting
position S .
If there is any danger of collision, move the spindle axis separately to the
starting position.
Example:
G00 G40
X ... Y ...
Z10
Positioning in X/Y
Positioning in Z
Fig. 5.5 :
5-4
Move the spindle axis separately if

there is any danger of collision
TNC 360
5.2
Contour Approach and Departure
End position
The end position, like the starting position, must be
approachable without collision
near the last contour point
located to prevent contour damage during workpiece departure
The best end position E lies on the extension of the tool path. The end
position can be located anywhere outside of the hatch marked area in
Fig. 5.6. It is approached without radius compensation.
A
G40
Fig. 5.6 :
End position E after machining
Departing the end position in the spindle axis

The spindle axis is moved separately when the end position is departed.
Example: G00 G40
X ... Y ...
Z+50
approaching the end position

retracting the tool
Fig. 5.7 :
Retract separately in the spindle

axis
Common starting and end position

A common starting and end position SE can be located outside of the
hatch marked area in the figures.
The best common starting and end position lies exactly between the
extensions of the tool paths for machining the first and last contour
elements.
A common starting and end position is approached without radius compensation.

SE
G40
Fig. 5.8:
TNC 360
Common starting and end position
5-5
5.2
Contour Approach and Departure
Smooth approach and departure

The tool approaches and departs the workpiece at a tangent if you select
the function G26 for approach and the function G27 for departure. This
prevents dwell marks on the workpiece surface.
G41
Starting and end positions

The starting S and end E positions of machining lie outside of the
workpiece and near the first and last contour elements, respectively.
The tool paths to the starting and end positions are programmed without
radius compensation.
G40
Fig. 5.9:
Smooth approach onto a contour
Input
During contour approach, the function G26 is entered after the block in
which the first contour point is programmed, i.e. after the first block
with radius compensation G41/G42.
During contour departure, the function G27 is entered after the block in
which the last contour point is programmed, i.e. after the last block
with radius compensation G41/G42.
G41
R
E
G40
Fig. 5.10:
Smooth departure from a contour
Program example
.
.
.
G00 G40 G90 X ... Y ... ............................................... Starting position S
G01 G41 X ... Y ... F350 .............................................. First contour point A
G26 R ... ..................................................................... Smooth approach
.
.
.
Contour elements
.
.
.
X ... Y ... ...................................................................... Last contour point B
G27 R ... ..................................................................... Smooth departure
G00 G40 X ... Y ... ....................................................... End position E
For proper execution of the functions G26/G27, a radius must be chosen such that the arc can connect the starting
or end position with the contour point.
5-6
TNC 360
5.3 Path Functions

General information
Part program input
To create a part program you enter the dimensional information given on
the workpiece drawing. The workpiece coordinates are programmed as
absolute values (G90) or as relative values (G91).
You usually program a contour element by entering its end point. The TNC
automatically calculates the tool path from the tool data and the radius
compensation.
The first machining block after the tool call must contain the following
G functions:
Path function
e.g. G00
Radius compensation
e.g. G40
Absolute or incremental programming
e.g. G90
Machine axis movement under program control
G00 X +100
All machine axes programmed in a single NC block are moved
simultaneously.
Paraxial movement
Y
X
Paraxial movement means that the tool path is parallel to the programmed
axis.
Number of axes programmed in the NC block: 1
100
Fig. 5.11:
Paraxial movement
Movement in the main planes
G00 X +70 Y +50
With this type of movement the tool moves to the programmed position
on a straight line or a circular arc in a "working plane".
Y
X
50
70
Fig. 5.12:
TNC 360
Movement in a main plane

(X/Y plane)
5-7
5.3
Path Functions
Movement of three machine axes (3D movement)
The tool moves in a straight line to the programmed position.
L X +80 Y 0 Z 10

Exception: A helical path is created by combining a circular movement in
a plane with a linear movement perpendicular to the plane.
Y
X
10
Fig. 5.13:
5-8
80
Three-dimensional tool movement
TNC 360
5.3
Path Functions
Overview of path functions

Input
Function
in Cartesian
coordinates
in polar
coordinates
Straight line at rapid traverse.
G00
G10
Straight line with a programmed feed rate.
G01
G11
Chamfer with chamfer length R.

A chamfer is inserted between two intersecting straight lines.
Circle center at the same time a reference for polar coordinates.
I,J,K do not generate a movement.
Circular movement in the clockwise direction (CW).
Circular movement in the counterclockwise direction (CCW).
G24
I, J, K
G02
G12
G03
G13
Circular path with no direction of rotation defined.

The circular path is programmed by entering circle center and end
point. The direction of rotation is taken from the last programmed
circular movement (G02/G12 or G03/G13).
G05
G15
Circular movement with tangential connection.

A circular arc is connected tangentially with the previously programmed contour element. The end point of the circular arc is
entered in the part program.
G06
G16
A circular path can be programmed by entering:

Circle center I, J, K and end point, or
Circle radius and end point.
Corner rounding with radius R.

A circular arc is inserted to connect tangentially both with the preceding and the subsequent contour elements.
TNC 360
G25
5-9
5.4 Path Contours - Cartesian Coordinates

Straight line at rapid traverse G00
Straight line with feed rate G01 F ...
To program a straight line, you enter:
The coordinates of the end point E
If necessary:
Radius compensation, feed rate, miscellaneous function
The tool moves in a straight line from its starting position to the end
point E . The starting position S was reached in the previous block.
Fig. 5.14:
A linear movement
To program a straight line:
If necessary
e.g.
If necessary
+/
e.g.
Identify coordinates as relative values, for example G91 X50 mm.
1
X
e.g.
Straight line at rapid traverse.
Press the orange axis selection key, for example X.
Enter the coordinate of the end point.

If the coordinate is negative, press the +/- key once, for example
X = 50 mm.
Enter all further coordinates of the end point.
.
.
.
e.g.
.
.
.
5-10
TNC 360
5.4
Path Contours - Cartesian Coordinates
.
.
.
The tool must move to the left of the programmed contour to compensate its own radius.
The tool must move to the right of the programmed contour to

compensate its own radius.
The tool moves directly to the end point.
e.g.
3
END
ENT
Enter a miscellaneous function, for example M3 (spindle on, clockwise rotation).

Conclude the block with END as soon as all coordinates are entered.
Resulting NC block: N25 G00 G42 G91 X+50 G90 Y+10 Z20 M3 *
TNC 360
5-11
5.4
Example for exercise: Milling a rectangle

Coordinates of the
corner points:
X = 5 mm
Y = 5 mm
X = 5 mm
Y = 95 mm
X = 95 mm
Y = 95 mm
X = 95 mm
Y = 5 mm
Milling depth:
Z = 10mm
100
95
2
4
95
5
100
10
5
Part program
%S512I G71 * ............................................................ Begin program; program name S512I;
................................................................................... dimensions in millimeters
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z20 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 * ............................ Define blank form for graphic workpiece simulation
(MIN and MAX point)
N30 G99 T1 L+0 R+5 * .............................................. Define tool in the program
N40 T1 G17 S2500 * .................................................. Call tool in the spindle axis Z (G17);
spindle speed S = 2500 rpm
N50 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M06 * ............................... Retract in the spindle axis; rapid traverse; miscellaneous
function for tool change
N60 X10 Y10 * ....................................................... Pre-position near the first contour point
N70 Z10 M03 * ........................................................ Pre-position in Z; spindle on
N80 G01 G41 X+5 Y+5 F150 * .................................. Move to point 1 with radius compensation
N90 Y+95 * ................................................................ Move to corner point 2
N100 X+95 * .............................................................. Move to corner point 3
N110 Y+5 * ................................................................ Move to corner point 4
N120 X+5 * ................................................................ Move to corner point 1 , conclude milling
N130 G00 G40 X10 Y10 M05 * .............................. Retract in X and Y, cancel radius compensation,
spindle STOP
N140 Z+100 M02 * .................................................... Move tool to setup clearance, spindle OFF, coolant OFF,
................................................................................... program stop, return jump to block 1
N9999 %S512I G71 * ................................................ End of program
5-12
TNC 360
5.4
Chamfer G24
The chamfer function permits you to cut off corners at the intersection of
two straight lines.
L
E
L
Z
2
Fig. 5.15:
Chamfer from S to Z
You enter the length L to be removed from each side of the corner.
Prerequisites:
1
The radius compensation before and after the chamfer block must be
the same.
An inside chamfer must be large enough to accommodate the current
tool.
E
Z
2
Fig. 5.16:
Tool radius too large
You cannot start a contour with a G24 block.

A chamfer is only possible in the working plane.
The feed rate for chamfering is taken from the previous block.
The corner point E is cut off by the chamfer and is not part of the resulting contour.
To program a chamfer:
ENT
Select the chamfer function.
CHAMFER SIDE LENGTH?

e.g.
END
Enter the length to be removed from each side of the corner, for
example 5 mm.
Resulting NC block: G24 R5 *
TNC 360
5-13
5.4
Example for exercise: Chamfering a corner

Coordinates of the
corner point E :
Z
X
Y
= 95 mm
= 5 mm
Chamfer length:
LF = 10 mm
Milling depth:
= 15 mm
Tool radius:
= +10 mm
100
5 15
15
85
95
100
X
Part program
%S514I G71 * ............................................................ Begin program
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z20 * .................................. Workpiece blank MIN point
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 * ............................ Workpiece blank MAX point
N30 G99 T5 L+5 R+10 * ............................................ Tool definition
N40 T5 G17 S2000 * .................................................. Tool call
N50 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M06 * ............................... Retract spindle and insert tool
N60 X10 Y5 * ......................................................... Pre-position in X, Y
N70 Z15 M03 * ........................................................ Pre-position to the working depth, spindle on
N80 G01 G42 X+5 Y+5 F200 * .................................. Move with radius compensation and reduced feed to
................................................................................... the first contour point
N90 X+95 * ................................................................ Program the first straight line for corner E
N100 G24 R10 * ........................................................ Chamfer block: inserts a chamfer with L = 10 mm
N110 Y+100 * ............................................................ Program the second straight line for corner E
N120 G00 G40 X+110 Y+110 * ................................. Retract the tool in X, Y and Z, cancel radius
................................................................................... compensation
N130 Z+100 M02 * .................................................... Move tool to setup clearance
N9999 %S514I G71 *
5-14
TNC 360
5.4
Circles and circular arcs - General information

The TNC can control two machine axes simultaneously to move the tool in a circular path.
X
Fig. 5.17:
Circular arc and circle center
Circle center I, J, K
You can define a circular movement by entering its
center.
A circle center can also serve as reference (pole) for
polar coordinates.
Z
X
I
Fig. 5.18:
Circle center coordinates
Direction of rotation
When there is no tangential transition to another
contour element, enter the mathematical direction
of rotation, where
a clockwise direction of rotation is mathematically negative: function G02
a counterclockwise direction of rotation is
mathematically positive: function G03
Z
G03
Y
Fig. 5.19:
TNC 360
G02
Direction of rotation for circular movements
5-15
5.4
Radius compensation in circular paths

You cannot begin radius compensation in a circle block. It must be
activated beforehand in a line block.
Circles in the main planes
When you program a circle, the TNC assigns it to
one of the main planes. This plane is automatically
defined when you set the spindle axis during tool
call (T).
Spindle axis
Fig. 5.20:
Main plane
Circle center
XY
G17
IJ
ZX
G18
KI
YZ
G19
JK
Defining the spindle axis also defines the main plane and the
circle center designations
You can program circles that do not lie parallel to a main plane by using Q parameters (see Chapter 7).
Circle center I, J, K
If you program an arc using the functions G02/G03/G05, you must first
define the circle center by:
entering the Cartesian coordinates of the circle center
using the circle center defined in an earlier block
capturing the actual position
You can define the last programmed position as circle center/pole by

programming G29.
Fig. 5.21:
Circle center I, J
Duration of a circle center definition

A circle center definition remains effective until a new circle center is
defined.
5-16
TNC 360
5.4
Entering I, J, K in relative values

If you enter the circle center with relative coordinates, you have defined it relative to the last
programmed tool position.
G91 J
G91 I
Fig. 5.22:
Incremental circle center coordinates
The circle center I, J, K also serves as pole for polar coordinates.

I, J, K defines a position as a circle center. The resulting contour is located on the circle, not on the circle
center.
To program a circle center (pole):
e.g.
e.g.
Select the coordinate axis for the circle center.
e.g.
e.g.
1 0 +/
Enter the coordinate for the circle center on this axis, for example
I = 20 mm.
Select the second coordinate axis, for example J.
Enter the coordinate of the circle center, for example J = 10 mm.
END
Resulting NC block: I+20 J10 *
TNC 360
5-17
5.4
Circular path G02/G03/G05 around the circle center I, J, K

Prerequisites
The circle center I, J, K must have been previously defined in the program.
The tool is located at the arc starting point S .
Defining the direction of rotation
You can program the following directions of rotation:
Clockwise rotation
Counterclockwise rotation
No direction of rotation defined
The tool moves in the direction of rotation
defined in an earlier block.
G02
G03
G05
I, J
Input
Fig. 5.23:
A circular arc from S to E

around I, J
Arc end point
The starting and end points of the arc must lie on the circle.
Input tolerance: up to 0.016 mm
To program a full circle, enter the same position for the end point as for
the starting point in a G02/G03 block.
E
S
YE
I, J
J
YS
XS
X
Fig. 5.24:
5-18
Full circle around I, J with a

G02 block
Fig. 5.25:
XE
Coordinates of a circular arc
TNC 360
5.4
To program a circular arc around a circle center I, J with G02 (direction of rotation = clockwise):
Program the circle with Cartesian coordinates and clockwise rotation.
9 1
Enter the first coordinate of the end point as an incremental value, for
example X = 5 mm.
Enter the second coordinate of the end point as an absolute value, for
example Y = 5 mm.
Y 5 +/
END
Terminate the block.
If necessary, enter also:

Radius compensation
Feed rate
Miscellaneous function
Resulting NC block: G02 G91 X+5 G90 Y5
TNC 360
5-19
5.4
Example for exercise: Milling a full circle in one block

Circle center:
I
J
= 50 mm
= 50 mm
X
Y
= 50 mm
= 0 mm
Milling depth:
= 5 mm
Tool radius:
= 15 mm
Beginning and end

of the circular arc:
I, J
X
50
50
Part program
N10 G30 G17 X+1 Y+1 Z20 * .................................. Workpiece blank MIN point
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 * ............................ Workpiece blank MAX point
N40 T6 G17 S1500 * .................................................. Tool call
N50 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M06 * ............................... Retract spindle and insert tool
N60 X+50 Y40 * ....................................................... Pre-position in X, Y
N70 Z-5 M03 * ........................................................... Pre-position to the working depth
N80 I+50 J+50 * ........................................................ Coordinates of the circle center
N90 G01 G41 X+50 Y+0 F100 * ................................ Move with radius compensation and reduced feed to the
first contour point
N100 G26 R10 * ........................................................ Smooth (tangential) approach
N110 G02 X+50 Y+0 * ............................................... Mill circular arc around circle center I,J; negative direction
of rotation; end point coordinates X = +50 und Y = +0
N120 G27 R10 * ........................................................ Smooth (tangential) departure
N130 G00 G40 X+50 Y40 * ...................................... Retract the tool in X, Y; cancel radius compensation
N140 Z+100 M02 * .................................................... Retract the tool in Z
N9999 %S520I G71 *
5-20
TNC 360
5.4
Circular path G02/G03/G05 with defined radius

The tool moves on a circular path with the radius R.
Clockwise rotation
Counterclockwise rotation
The tool moves in the direction of rotation
defined in an earlier block.

G02
G03
G05
Input
Coordinates of the arc end point
Arc radius R
Fig. 5.26:
Circular path from S to E with

radius R
To program a full circle you must enter two successive G02/G03

blocks.
The distance from the starting point to the end point cannot be
larger than the diameter of the circle.
The maximum permissible radius is 30 m (9.8 ft).
E1=S2
S1=E2
Fig. 5.27:
Full circle with two G02 blocks
Central angle CCA and arc radius R

Starting point S and end point E can be connected by four different arcs with the same radius.
The arcs differ in their curvatures and lengths.
CCA
Large circular arc: CCA>180 (the circular arc is

longer than a semicircle)
Input: radius R with negative sign (R<0).
R
S
Small circular arc: CCA<180 (the circular arc is

shorter than a semicircle)
Input: radius R with positive sign (R>0).
CCA>180
Fig. 5.28:
TNC 360
CCA
CCA<180
Circular arcs with central angles greater than and less

than 180
5-21
5.4
Direction of rotation and arc shape

This direction of rotation determines whether the arc is
convex (curved outward) or
G02 G41 (R<0)
Fig. 5.29:
Convex path
concave (curved inward)
G03 G41 (R>0)
Fig. 5.30:
Concave path
To program a circular arc with defined radius:
G
e.g.
e.g.
Program the circle with Cartesian coordinates and clockwise rotation.
1 0
5 +/
END
Enter the coordinates of the arc end point, for example X = 10 mm,
Y = 2 mm.
Enter the arc radius, for example R = 5 mm, and determine the size of
the arc using the algebraic sign, here the negative sign.

Radius compensation
Feed rate
Resulting NC block: G02 G41 X+10 Y+2 R5
5-22
TNC 360
5.4
Example for exercise: Milling a concave semicircle

Semicircle radius:
= 50 mm
X
Y
=
=
X
Y
= 100 mm
= 0
Tool radius:
= 25 mm
Milling depth:
= 18 mm
Coordinates of the
arc starting point:
Coordinates of the
arc end point:
Z
0
0
Y
100
50
100
18
20
Part program
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z20 * .................................. Define the workpiece blank
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N30 G99 T1 L+0 R+25 * ............................................ Define the tool
N40 T1 G17 S780 * .................................................... Call the tool
N50 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M06 * ............................... Retract the spindle and insert the tool
N60 X+25 Y-30 * ........................................................ Pre-position in X, Y
N70 Z18 M03 * ........................................................ Pre-position to the working depth
N80 G01 G42 X+0 Y+0 F100 * .................................. Move with radius compensation and reduced feed to
the first contour point
N90 G02 X+100 Y+0 R50 * ...................................... Mill circular arc to the end point X = 100, Y = 0;
radius = 50, negative direction of rotation
N9999 %S523I G71 *
TNC 360
5-23
5.4
Circular path G06 with tangential connection

The tool moves in an arc that starts at a tangent
with the previously programmed contour.
S
A transition between two contour elements is

called tangential when one contour element makes
a smooth and continuous transition to the next.
There is no visible corner at the intersection.
Input
Coordinates of the arc end point.
Prerequisites
The contour element to which the tangential arc
connects with G06 must be programmed
immediately before the G06 block.
There must be at least two positioning blocks
defining the tangentially connected contour
element before the G06 block.
Fig. 5.31:
The straight line 1 - 2 is connected tangentially to the

circular arc S - E .
L1
3
2
1
L2
L3
E
Fig. 5.32:
The path of a tangential arc depends on the preceding

contour element.
A tangential arc is a two-dimensional operation: the coordinates in the G06 block and the positioning block before it
should be in the plane of the arc.
To program a circular path G06 with tangential connection:
Circular path with tangential connection.
Enter the coordinates of the arc end point as relative coordinates, for
example X = 50 mm, Y = 10 mm.
Y +/
1 0
END

Radius compensation
Feed rate
Resulting NC block: G06 G42 G91 X+50 Y10 *
5-24
TNC 360
5.4
Example for exercise: Circular arc connecting to a straight line

Coordinates of the
transition point from
the line to the arc:
Z
X
Y
= 10 mm
= 40 mm
X
Y
= 50 mm
= 50 mm
Milling depth:
= 15 mm
Tool radius:
= 20 mm
Coordinates of the
arc end point:
Y
100
90
X
50
40
100
15
50
10
Part program
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z20 * .................................. Define workpiece blank
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N30 G99 T12 L-25 R+20 * ......................................... Define the tool
N40 T12 G17 S1000 * ................................................ Call the tool
N60 X+30 Y30 * ....................................................... Pre-position in X, Y
N80 G01 G41 X+50 Y+0 F100 * ................................ Move with radius compensation and reduced
feed to the first contour point
N90 X+10 Y+40 * ...................................................... Straight line connecting tangentially to the arc
N100 G06 X+50 Y+50 *
Arc to end point with coordinates X = 50 and Y = 50;
connects tangentially to the straight line in block N90
N110 G01 X+100 * .................................................... End of contour
N120 G00 G40 X+130 Y+70 * ................................... Retract the tool in X, Y; cancel radius compensation
N9999 %S525I G71 *
TNC 360
5-25
5.4
Corner rounding G25

The tool moves in an arc that connects tangentially
both with the preceding and the subsequent
contour elements.
1
G1
The function G25 is useful for rounding corners.
R
Input
Radius of the arc
Feed rate for the arc
R
G2
Prerequisite
On inside corners, the rounding arc must be large
enough to accommodate the tool.
2
Fig. 5.33:
Rounding radius R between G1 and G2
In the preceding and subsequent positioning blocks both coordinates should lie in the plane of the arc.
The corner point E is cut off by the rounding arc and is not part of the contour.
A feed rate programmed in the G25 block is effective only in that block. After the G25 block the previous feed
rate becomes effective again.
To program a tangential arc between two contour elements:
ENT
Select corner rounding.
ENT
Enter the rounding radius, for example R = 10 mm.
ROUNDING RADIUS
e.g.
1
e.g.
1 0 0
Enter the feed rate for the rounding radius, for example
F = 100 mm/min.
END
Resulting NC block: G25 R 10 F 100
5-26
TNC 360
5.4
Example for exercise: Rounding a corner

Coordinates of
the corner point:
X
Y
= 95 mm
= 5 mm
Rounding radius:
= 20 mm
Milling depth:
= 15 mm
Tool radius:
= 10 mm
Y
100
R = 20
X
100
95
15
Part program
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N40 T7 G17 S1500 * .................................................. Call the tool
N60 X10 Y-5 * .......................................................... Pre-position in X, Y
N80 G01 G42 X+0 Y+5 F100 *
Move with radius compensation and reduced feed to
the first contour element
N90 X+95 * ................................................................ Program the first straight line for the corner
N100 G25 R20 * ........................................................ Insert radius R = 20 mm between the two contour elements
N110 Y+100 * ............................................................ Program the second straight line for the corner
N120 G00 G40 X+120 Y+120 * ................................. Retract the tool in X, Y; cancel radius compensation
N9999 %S527I G71 *
TNC 360
5-27
5.5 Path Contours - Polar Coordinates

Polar coordinates are useful for programming:
Positions on circular arcs
Positions from workpiece drawings showing
angular dimensions
Section 1.2 "Fundamentals of NC" (see page 1-8)
provides a detailed description of polar coordinates.
Polar coordinate origin: Pole I, J, K
You can define the pole anywhere in the program before the blocks
containing polar coordinates. Enter the pole in Cartesian coordinates as a
circle center in a I, J, K block. A pole definition remains effective until a
new pole is defined. The designation of the pole is derived from its
position in the working plane.
Working plane
POLE
XY
I, J
YZ
J, K
ZX
K, I
Pol
I
Fig. 5.34:
The pole is entered as circle

center
You can define the last programmed position as POLE by entering G29.
Straight line at rapid traverse G10

Straight line with feed rate G11 F ...
You can enter any value from 360 to +360 for H.

Enter the algebraic sign for H relative to the angle reference axis:
For an angle from the reference axis counterclockwise to R: H>0
For an angle from the reference axis clockwise to R: H<0
G91 H
G91 H
G91 H
R
H
G91 H
J
I
Fig. 5.35:
lines
Contour consisting of straight

with polar coordinates
Straight line with polar coordinates at rapid traverse.
Enter the radius from the pole to the straight line end point, for
example PR = 5 mm.
END
Enter the angle from the angle reference axis to R, for example
H = 30.
Resulting NC block: G10 R5 H30 *
5-28
TNC 360
5.5
Path Contours - Polar Coordinates
Example for exercise: Milling a hexagon

Corner point coordinates:
1
= 180
= 45 mm
= 120
= 45 mm
60
= 45 mm
= 45 mm
= 300
= 45 mm
= 240
= 45 mm
Milling depth:
= 10 mm
Tool radius:
5 mm
100
R =45
60
100
J=5
5
0
I=5
10
5
Part program
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N60 I+50 J+50 * ........................................................ Set the pole
N70 G10 R+70 H190 * ............................................. Pre-position in X, Y to polar coordinates
N80 Z10 M03 * ........................................................ Pre-position to working depth
N90 G11 G41 R+45 H+180 F100 * ............................ Move to contour point 1
N100 H+120 * ........................................................... Move to contour point 2
N110 H+60 * ............................................................. Move to contour point 3
N120 G91 H60 * ...................................................... Move to contour point 4, incremental value
N130 G90 H60 * ...................................................... Move to contour point 5, absolute value
N160 G10 G40 R+70 H+170 * ................................... Retract the tool in X, Y; cancel radius compensation
N9999 %S530I G71 *
TNC 360
5-29
5.5
Circular path G12/G13/G15 around pole I, J, K

The polar coordinate radius is also the radius of the arc. It is already
defined by the distance from the POLE to the starting point S .
Y
E
Input
Polar coordinate angle H for arc end point
G13
H
You can enter values from 5400 to +5400 for H.
J
S
I
Fig. 5.36:
Circular path around a pole

You can program the following directions of rotation:
Clockwise direction of rotation
Counterclockwise direction of rotation
The tool moves in the direction of
rotation defined in an earlier block.
G
H
Program the circle with polar coordinates and clockwise rotation.
G12
G13
G15
END
Enter the angle of the arc end point, for example H = 30.

Radius compensation R
Feed rate F
Resulting NC block: G12 H30 *
5-30
TNC 360
5.5
Example for exercise: Milling a full circle
Circle center
coordinates:
X
Y
= 50 mm
= 50 mm
Radius:
= 50 mm
Milling depth:
= 5 mm
Tool radius:
= 15 mm
Y
100
X
0
J=5
100
I=5
Part program
%S532I G71 * .................................................................................. Begin program
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z20 * ........................................................ Define the workpiece blank
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N30 G99 T25 L+0 R+15 * ................................................................ Define the tool
N40 T25 G17 S1500 * ...................................................................... Call the tool
N50 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M06 * ..................................................... Retract the spindle and insert the tool
N60 I+50 J+50 * .............................................................................. Set the pole
N70 G10 R+70 H+280 * .................................................................. Pre-position in X, Y to polar coordinates
N80 Z5 M03 * ................................................................................ Pre-position to working depth
N90 G11 G41 R+50 H90 F100 * .................................................... Move with radius compensation and reduced
feed to the first contour point
N100 G26 R10 * .............................................................................. Smooth (tangential) approach
N110 G12 H+270 * .......................................................................... Circle to end point H = 270, negative direction
of rotation
N120 G27 R10 * .............................................................................. Smooth (tangential) departure
N130 G10 G40 R+70 H110 * ......................................................... Retract tool in X, Y; cancel radius compensation
N140 Z+100 M02 * .......................................................................... Retract tool in Z
N9999 %S532I G71 *
TNC 360
5-31
5.5
Circular path G16 with tangential connection

The tool moves on a circular path, starting tangentially (at 2 ) from a
preceding contour element ( 1 to 2 ).
Input:
E
Polar coordinate angle H of the arc end point E

Polar coordinate radius R of the arc end point E
H
J
I
Fig. 5.37:
Circular path around a pole,

tangential connection
The transition points must be defined exactly.

The POLE is not the center of the contour arc.
8 0
Circle with polar coordinates and clockwise rotation.
Enter the distance from the pole to the arc end point, for example
R= 10 mm.
END
Enter the angle from the angle reference axis to R, for example
H = 80; terminate the block.

Radius compensation R
Feed rate F
Resulting NC block: G16 R+10 H+80 *
5-32
TNC 360
5.5
Helical interpolation
A helix is the combination of a circular movement in
a main plane and a linear movement perpendicular
to the plane.
Z
Y
I, J
A helix is programmed only in polar coordinates.
X
Applications
You can use helical interpolation with form cutters
to machine:
Large-diameter internal and external threads
Lubrication grooves
Input
Fig. 5.38: Helix: a combination of circular and linear paths
Total incremental angle of tool traverse on the helix

Total height of the helix
Input angle
Calculate the incremental polar coordinate angle G91 H as follows:
H = n . 360.
n = number of revolutions of the helical path
For G91 H you can enter any value from 5400 to +5400 (n = 15).
Input height
Enter the helix height h in the tool axis. The height is calculated as:
h = n x P,
n = number of thread revolutions
P = thread pitch
Radius compensation
Enter the radius compensation for the helix
according to the table at right.
Internal thread
Work direction
Rotation
Radius comp.
Right-hand
Left-hand
Z+
Z+
G13
G12
G41
G42
Right-hand
Left-hand
Z
Z
G12
G13
G42
G41
External thread
Work direction
Rotation
Radius comp.
Right-hand
Left-hand
Z+
Z+
G13
G12
G42
G41
Right-hand
Left-hand
Z
Z
G12
G13
G41
G42
Fig. 5.39:
TNC 360
The shape of the helix determines the direction of rotation

and the radius compensation
5-33
5.5
To program a helix:
Helix in clockwise direction of rotation.
Enter the total angle of tool traverse along the helix as an incremental
value, for example H = 1080.
8 0
H
Z
5
END
Enter the total height of the helix in the tool plane as an incremental
value, for example Z = 4.5 mm.

Radius compensation
Feed rate F
Resulting NC block: G12 G91 H+1080 Z+4.5 *
5-34
TNC 360
5.5
Example for exercise: Tapping

Given data
Thread:
Right-hand internal thread
Pitch P:
Start angle AS:
End angle AE:
Thread revolutions nT:
M64 x 1.5
AE =0
1.5 mm
0
360 = 0 at ZE = 0
8
Thread overrun
at start of thread nS:
at end of thread nE:
0.5
0.5
Number of cuts:
A = 180
A = 0
G13
AS =0
Calculating the input values

Total height h:
H = P.n
P = 1.5 mm
n = nT + nA + nE= 9
h = 13.5 mm
Incremental polar coordinate angle H:
H = n . 360
n = 9 (see total height H)
IPA = 360 . 9 = 3240
Start angle AS with thread overrun nS:
nS = 0.5
The start angle of the helix is advanced by 180 (n = 1 corresponds

to 360). With positive rotation this means that
AS with nS = AS 180 = 180
Starting coordinate:
Z = P . (nT + nS)
= 1.5 . 8.5 mm
= 12.75 mm
The thread is being cut in an upward direction towards ZE = 0;

therefore ZS is negative.
Part program
%S536I G71 * ........................................... Begin program
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z20 * ................. Define the workpiece blank
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N30 G99 T11 L+0 R+5 * ........................... Define the tool
N40 T11 G17 S2500 * ............................... Call the tool
N50 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M06 * .............. Retract the spindle and insert the tool
N60 X+50 Y+30 * ..................................... Pre-position in the bore center in X, Y
N70 G29 * ................................................. Capture position as a pole
N80 Z12 M03 * ....................................... Move the tool to starting depth
N90 G11 G41 R+32 H180 F100 * ........... Move with radius compensation and reduced feed to the first contour
.................................................................. point
N100 G13 G91 H+3240 Z+13.5 F200 * Helical interpolation; incremental angle and tool movement in the Z axis
N110 G00 G40 G90 X+50 Y+30 * ............ Retract in X, Y(absolute values), cancel radius compensation
N120 Z+100 M02 * ................................... Retract in Z
N9999 %S536I G71 *
TNC 360
5-35
5.6 M Functions for Contouring Behavior and Coordinate Data

The following miscellaneous functions enable you to change the standard
contouring behavior of the TNC in certain situations, such as:
Smoothing corners
Inserting transition arcs at non-tangential transitions between straight
lines
Machining small contour steps
Machining open contour corners
Entering machine-reference coordinates
Smoothing corners: M90

Standard behavior - without M90
At angular transitions such as internal corners and contours without radius
compensation, the TNC stops the axes briefly.
G40
Advantages:
Reduced wear on the machine
High definition of (outside) corners
Note:
In program blocks with radius compensation (G41/G42), the TNC automatically inserts a transition arc at external corners.
Fig. 5.40:
Smoothing corners with M90
Standard contouring behavior with

G40 and without M90
The tool moves around corners at constant speed.

Advantages:
Provides a smoother, more continuous surface
Reduces machining time
Application example:
Surfaces consisting of several straight line elements.
G40
Duration of effect
The miscellaneous function M90 is effective only in the blocks in which it
is programmed. Operation with servo lag must be active.
A limit value can be set in machine parameter MP7460 (see page 119) below which the tool will move at constant feed rate (valid for
operation both with servo lag and with feed precontrol). This value is
valid regardless of M90.
5-36
Fig. 5.41:
Contouring behavior with G40 and

M90.
TNC 360
5.6
M Functions for Contouring Behavior
Machining small contour steps: M97

Standard behavior without M97
The TNC inserts a transition arc at outside corners.
At very short contour steps this would cause the
tool to damage the contour. In such cases the TNC
interrupts the program run and displays the error
message TOOL RADIUS TOO LARGE.
X
Fig. 5.42:
Standard behavior without M97 if the block were to be

executed as programmed
Machining contour steps with M97

The TNC calculates the contour intersection S
(see figure) for the contour elements as at inside
corners and moves the tool over this point. M97
is programmed in the same block as the outside
corner point.
Y
S
Duration of effect
13
16 17
The miscellaneous function M97 is effective only in

the blocks in which it is programmed.
14
15
X
Fig. 5.43:
Contouring behavior with M97
A contour machined with M97 is less complete than one without. You may wish to rework the contour with a
smaller tool.
Program example
.
.
.
N5
.
.
.
N20
N30
N40
N50
N60
.
.
.
G99 L ... R+20 ................................................. Large tool radius
G01 X ... Y ... M97 ........................................... Move to contour point 13

G91 Y0.5 ........................................................ Machine the small contour step 13-14
X+100 .............................................................. Move to contour point 15
Y+0.5 M97 ...................................................... Machine the small contour step 15-16
G90 X ... Y ... ................................................... Move to contour point 17
The outer corners are programmed in blocks N20 and N50: these are the
blocks in which you program M97.
TNC 360
5-37
5.6
Machining open contours: M98

Standard behavior without M98
The TNC calculates the intersections S
of the radius-compensated tool paths at inside
corners and changes traverse direction at these
points. If the corners are open on one side, however, machining is incomplete.
Fig. 5.44:
Tool path without M98
Machining open corners with M98

With the miscellaneous function M98 the TNC
temporarily suspends radius compensation to
ensure that both corners are completely machined.
10
Duration of effect
The miscellaneous function M98 is effective only in
the blocks in which it is programmed.
11
Fig. 5.45:
12
Tool path with M98
Program example
.
.
.
N10
N20
N30
.
.
.
5-38
X ... Y ... G41 F .. ............................................. Move to contour point 10

X ... Y... M98 .................................................. Machine contour point 11
X + ... ............................................................... Move to contour point 12
TNC 360
5.6
Programming machine-referenced coordinates: M91/M92

Standard behavior
Coordinates are referenced to the workpiece datum (see page 1-9).
Scale reference point
The position feedback scales are provided with one or more reference
marks. Reference marks are used to indicate the position of the scale
reference point. If the scale has only one reference mark, its position is
the scale reference point. If the scale has several distance-coded
reference marks, then the scale reference point is indicated by the leftmost reference mark (at the beginning of the measuring range).
Machine datum miscellaneous function M91
XMP
The machine datum is required for the following

tasks:
Defining the limits of traverse (software limit
switches)
Moving to machine-referenced positions (e.g.
tool-change position)
Setting the workpiece datum
XMP
X(Z,Y)
X(Z,Y)
The machine tool builder defines the distance for

each axis from the scale reference point to the
machine datum in a machine parameter.
If you want the coordinates in a positioning block to
be referenced to the machine datum, end the block
with the miscellaneous function M91.
Fig. 5.46:
Scale reference point

and machine datum
scales with one or several reference marks
for
Coordinates that are referenced to the machine

datum are indicated in the display with REF.
Additional machine datum miscellaneous function M92

Besides to the machine datum, the machine tool
builder can define another machine-referenced
position, the additional machine datum.
The machine tool builder defines the distance for
each axis from the machine datum to the additional
machine datum.
If you want the coordinates in a positioning block to
be referenced to the additional machine datum, end
the block with the miscellaneous function M92.
The values for radius compensation remain effective, even if you have programmed the coordinates with M91 of
M92.
TNC 360
5-39
5.6
Workpiece datum
ZM
The user enters the coordinates of the datum for

workpiece machining in the MANUAL OPERATION
mode (see page 2-7).
Z
YM
Y
X
XM
Fig. 5.47:
5-40
Machine datum
and workpiece datum
TNC 360
5.7 Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)

In the POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT mode of operation you
can use G07 to enter and execute single-axis positioning blocks. The
entered positioning blocks are not stored in the TNC memory.
Application examples:
Pre-positioning
Face milling
POSITIONING MANUAL DATA INPUT

Select the MDI function.
G
G
Select a single axis positioning block.
7
9
X 5
1 5 0 0
For example: Select programming absolute values.
For example: Position in X at 5 mm.
For example: Feed rate F=1500 mm/min; terminate the block.
END
TNC 360
Start the positioning block.
5-41

Subprograms and program section repeats enable you to program a
machining sequence once and then run it as often as you wish.
Labels
Subprograms and program section repeats are marked by labels.
A label carries a number from 0 to 254. Each label number (except 0) can
only appear once in a program. Labels are assigned with the command
G98.
LABEL 0 marks the end of a subprogram.
6.1 Subprograms
N1
Principle
The (main) program is executed up to the block in
which the subprogram is called with Ln,0 ( 1 ).
Then the subprogram is executed from beginning to
end (G98 L0) ( 2 ).
Finally, the main program is resumed from the
block after the subprogram call ( 3 ).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
N9999
Fig. 6.1:
% ... *
1
L1, 0 *
S
3
R
Z + 100 M2 *
G98 L1 *
2
G98 L0 *
% ... *
Flow diagram for a subprogram;
S = jump, R = return jump
Operating limits
One main program can contain up to 254
subprograms.
Subprograms can be called in any sequence and
as often as desired.
A subprogram cannot call itself.
Subprograms should be located at the end of the
main program (after the block with M2 or M30).
If subprograms are located in the program before
the block with M02 or M30, they will be executed at least once even without being called.
6-2
TNC 360
6
6.1

Subprograms
Programming and calling subprograms

To mark the beginning of the subprogram:
Select the label setting function.
ENT
LABEL NUMBER?
e.g.
In this example, the subprogram begins with LABEL 5.
END
Resulting NC block: G98 L5 *

To mark the end of the subprogram:
A subprogram must always end with label number 0.
ENT
LABEL NUMBER?
End of subprogram.
END

To call the subprogram:
A subprogram is called with its label number.
END
Calls the subprogram following LBL 5.
Resulting NC block: L5,0 *

The command L0,0 is not allowed because label 0 can only be used to mark the end of a subprogram.
TNC 360
6-3
6.1
Subprograms
Example for exercise: Group of four holes at three different locations

The holes are drilled with cycle G83 PECKING.
You enter the total hole depth, setup clearance,
drilling feed rate, etc. once in the cycle. You can
then call the cycle with the miscellaneous function M99 (see page 8-3).
Coordinates to the first hole in each group:

Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
X = 15 mm
X = 45 mm
X = 75 mm
Y = 10 mm
Y = 60 mm
Y = 10 mm
20
60
Spacing of holes:
X
Y
=
=
20 mm
20 mm
Hole diameter:
5 mm
10 mm
15
10
Total hole depth (DEPTH):

Z
=
5
20
20
45
75
Part program
%S64I G71 * .................................................................. Begin program
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z20 * ...................................... Define the workpiece blank
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N30 G99 T1 L+0 R+2.5 * ............................................... Define the tool
N40 T1 G17 S3500 * ...................................................... Call the tool
N50 G83 P01 2 P02 10 P03 5 P04 0
P05 100 * ....................................................................... Cycle definition PECKING (see page 8-5)
N60 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M06 * ................................... Retract the spindle and insert the tool
N70 X+15 Y+10 * .......................................................... Move to hole group 1
N80 Z+2 M03 * .............................................................. Pre-position in the infeed axis
N90 L1,0 * ..................................................................... Subprogram call (with block N90 the subprogram is
....................................................................................... executed)
N100 X+45 Y+60 * ........................................................ Move to hole group 2
N110 L1,0 * ................................................................... Subprogram call
N120 X+75 Y+10 * ........................................................ Move to hole group 3
N130 L1,0 * ................................................................... Subprogram call
N140 Z+100 M02 * ........................................................ Retract tool;
....................................................................................... End of main program (M2); the subprogram is
....................................................................................... entered after M2
N150 G98 L1 * ............................................................... Beginning of subprogram
N160 G79 * .................................................................... Execute pecking for the first hole
N170 G91 X+20 M99 * .................................................. Move to incremental position for second hole and drill
N180 Y+20 M99 * ......................................................... Move to incremental position for third hole and drill
N190 X20 G90 M99 * .................................................. Move to incremental position for fourth hole and drill;
....................................................................................... Switch to absolute coordinates (G90)
N200 G98 L0 * ............................................................... End of subprogram
N9999 %S64I G71 * ...................................................... End of program
6-4
TNC 360
6.2 Program Section Repeats

As with subprograms, program section repeats are
marked with labels.
Principle
The program is executed up to the end of the
labelled program section (block with Ln,m)
( 1 , 2 ).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Then the program section between the called

LABEL and the label call is repeated the number of
times entered for m ( 3 , 4 ).
After the last repetition, the program is resumed
( 5 ).
Programming notes
A program section can be repeated up to 65 534
times in succession.
The total number of times the program section
will be carried out is always one more than the
programmed number of repetitions.
N9999
Fig. 6.2:
% ... *
1
G98 L1 *
2
L1,2 *
5
% ... *
Flow diagram with program section repeats;

R = return jump
Programming and calling a program section repeat

To mark the beginning:
ENT
LABEL NUMBER?
e.g.
Repeat the program section beginning with LABEL 7, for example.
END

Number of repetitions
The number of repetitions is entered in the block which calls the label.
This block also identifies the end of the program section.
END
Repeat the program section from LABEL 7 to this block 10 times. In

this example, the program section will therefore be executed a total of
11 times.
Resulting NC block: L7,10 *
TNC 360
6-5
6.2
Program Section Repeats
Example for exercise: Row of holes parallel to X axis

Coordinates
of first hole:
X
Y
=
=
5 mm
10 mm
Spacing between
holes:
IX
15 mm
Number of
holes:
Total hole depth:
10
Hole diameter:
5 mm
Y
5
15
5
10
Part program
%S66I G71 * .............................................................. Begin program
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z20 * ................................... Define the workpiece blank
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N30 G99 T1 L+0 R+2.5 * ........................................... Define the tool
N60 X10 Y+10 Z+2 M03 * ........................................ Pre-position in the negative X direction
N70 G98 L1 * ............................................................. Beginning of program section to be repeated
N80 G91 X+15 * ......................................................... Move to incremental hole position
N90 G01 G90 Z10 F100 * ......................................... Drill (absolute value)
N100 G00 Z+2 * ......................................................... Retract the tool
N110 L1,5 * ................................................................ Call LABEL 1; repeat program section between blocks N70
.................................................................................... and N110 five times (for six holes)
N9999 %S66I G71 *
6-6
TNC 360
6.2
Program Section Repeats
Example for exercise: Milling with program section repeat without radius compensation
Machining sequence
Upward milling direction
After each upward pass, the tool is moved by

an increment of +2.5 mm in the Y axis.
The illustration to the right shows the block

numbers containing the end points of the
corresponding contour elements.
4
78,35
0
89 10
100
6
21,64
Machine the area from X = 0 to 50 mm

(program all X coordinates with the tool
radius subtracted) and from Y = 0 to
100 mm : G98 L1
Machine the area from X = 50 to 100 mm
(program all X coordinates with the tool
radius added) and from Y = 0 to 100 mm :
G98 L2
50
11
R30
20,2
30
51
70
100
30
20 2
00
90 1
1
110
220
210
200
Part program
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z70 * .................................. Define workpiece blank (note: blank form has changed)
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N60 X20 Y1 M03 * ................................................. Pre-position in the X, Y plane
N70 G98 L1 * ............................................................. Begin program section 1
N80 G90 Z51 *
N90 G01 X+1 F100 *
N100 X+11.646 Z20.2 * ........................................... Program section for machining from
N110 G06 X+40 Z+0 * ............................................... X = 0 to 50 mm and Y = 0 to 100 mm
N120 G01 X+41 *
N130 G00 Z+10 *
N140 X20 G91 Y+2.5 *
N150 L1,40 * ............................................................. Call LABEL 1, repeat program section between blocks
................................................................................... N70 and N150 40 times
N160 G90 Z+20 * ...................................................... Retract the tool
N170 X+120 Y1 * ..................................................... Pre-position for program section 2
N180 G98 L2 * ........................................................... Beginning of program section 2
N190 G90 Z51 *
N200 G01 X+99 F100 *
N210 X+88.354 Z20.2 * ........................................... Program section for machining from
N220 G06 X+60 Z+0 * ............................................... X = 50 to 100 mm and Y = 0 to 100 mm
N230 G01 X+59 *
N240 G00 Z+10 *
N250 X+120 G91 Y+2.5 *
N260 L2,40 * ............................................................. Call LABEL 2, repeat program section between blocks
N180 and N260 40 times
N270 G90 Z+100 M02 * ............................................ Retract the tool
N9999 %S67I G71 *
TNC 360
6-7
6.3 Main Program as Subprogram

Principle
A program is executed until another program is
called (block with %) ( 1 ).
The called program is executed from beginning to
end ( 2 ).
Execution of the program from which the other
program was called is then resumed with the block
following the program call ( 3 ).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
% A ... *
1
%B*
3
R
N9999
Fig. 6.3:
% A ... *
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
N9999
% B ... *
%B*
Flow diagram of a main program as subprogram;

S = jump, R = return jump
Operating limits
Programs called from an external data storage
medium must not contain any subprograms or
program section repeats.
No labels are needed to call main programs as
subprograms.
The called program must not contain the miscellaneous functions M2 or M30.
The called program must not contain a jump into
the calling program.
To call a main program as a subprogram

0
/0
PROGRAM NAME?
Enter the main program call and the name of the program you want to call.
Resulting NC block: % NAME
A main program can also be called with cycle G39 (see page 8-38).
6-8
TNC 360
6.4 Nesting
Subprograms and program section repeats can be nested in the following
variations:
Subprograms in subprograms
Program section repeats in program section repeats
Subprograms can be repeated
Program section repeats can appear in subprograms
Nesting depth
The nesting depth is the number of successive levels for which subprograms or program sections can call further subprograms or program
section repeats.
Maximum nesting depth for subprograms: 8
Maximum nesting depth for calling main programs: 4
Subprogram in a subprogram
Program layout
% UPGMS G71 *
.
.
.
e.g. N17 L1,0 * ....................................................... Call of subprogram at G98 L1

.
.
.
e.g. N35 G00 G40 Z+100 M2 * .............................. Last program block of main program (with M2)
N36 G98 L1 *
.
.
.
e.g. N39
.
.
.
L2,0 *
Subprogram 1
with program call of
subprogram 2
e.g. N45 G98 L0 * ................................................... End of subprogram 1

N46 G98 L2 *
.
.
.
Subprogram 2
e.g. N62 G98 L0 * ................................................... End of subprogram 2

N9999 % UPGMS G71 * ..................................... End of main program
Sequence of program execution
TNC 360
Step 1:
Main program UPGMS is executed up to block 17.
Step 2:
Subprogram 1 is called and executed up to block 39.
Step 3:
Subprogram 2 is called and executed up to block 62.

End of subprogram 2 and return to the subprogram from
which it was called.
Step 4:
Subprogram 1 is executed from block 40 to block 45.

End of subprogram 1 and return to main program UPGMS.
Step 5:
Main program UPGMS is executed from block 18 to block 35.

Return jump to block 1 and program end.
6-9
6.4
Nesting
Example for exercise: Group of four holes at three positions (see page 6-4), but with three different tools
Machining sequence:
Countersinking - Pecking - Tapping
Z
The drilling operation is programmed with cycle
G83: PECKING (see page 8-4) and cycle G84:
TAPPING (see page 8-6). The groups of holes
are approached in one subprogram, and the
machining is performed in a second subprogram.
100
75
15
Coordinates of the first hole in each group:

1
X = 15 mm
Y = 10 mm
2
X = 45 mm
Y = 60 mm
3
X = 75 mm
Y = 10 mm
Spacing between
holes
IX = 20 mm
IY = 20 mm
Hole data:
Countersinking
Pecking
Tapping
ZC = 3 mm
ZP = 15 mm
ZT = 10 mm
= 7 mm
= 5 mm
= 6 mm
20
20
15
20
Part program
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N30 G99 T25 L+0 R+2.5 * ......................................... Tool definition for pecking
N40 G99 T30 L+0 R+3 * ............................................ Tool definition for countersinking
N50 G99 T35 L+0 R+3.5 * ......................................... Tool definition for tapping
N60 T30 G17 S3000 * ................................................ Tool call for countersinking
N70 G83 P01 2 P02 3 P03 3 P04 0
P05 100 * ................................................................... Cycle definition for pecking
N80 L1,0 * ................................................................. Call of subprogram 1
N90 T25 G17 S2500 * ................................................ Tool call for pecking
N100 G83 P01 2 P02 25 P03 10 P04 0
P05 150 * ................................................................... Cycle definition for pecking
N110 L1,0 * ............................................................... Call of subprogram 1
N120 T35 G17 S100 * ................................................ Tool call for tapping
N130 G84 P01 2 P02 15 P03 0.1 P04 100 * .......... Cycle definition for tapping
N140 L1,0 * ............................................................... Call of subprogram 1
N150 Z+100 M02 * .................................................... Retract the tool; end of main program
N160 G98 L1 * ........................................................... Beginning of subprogram 1
N170 G00 G40 G90 X+15 Y+10 M03 * ..................... Move to hole group 1
N180 Z+2 * ................................................................ Pre-position in the infeed axis
N190 L2,0 * ............................................................... Call subprogram 2
N200 X+45 Y+60 * .................................................... Move to hole group 2
N220 X+75 Y+10 * .................................................... Move to hole group 3
N240 G98 L0 * ........................................................... End of subprogram 1
N250 G98 L2 * ........................................................... Beginning of subprogram 2
N260 G79 *
N270 G91 X+20 M99 * .............................................. Machine holes by sequentially activating the three cycles
N280 Y+20 M99 *
N290 X20 G90 M99 *
N300 G98 L0 * ........................................................... End of subprogram 2
N9999 %S610I G71 *
6-10
TNC 360
6.4
Nesting
Repeating program section repeats

Program layout
.
.
.
e.g. N15
.
.
.
e.g. N20
.
.
.
e.g. N27
.
.
.
e.g. N35
.
.
.
N9999
% REPS G71 *
1
G98 L1 *
1
1x 4
G98 L2 *
21
2x 2 1x 4 2x 5
L2,2 * ....................................................... Program section between this block and G98 L2 (block 20) is
repeated twice
3
L1,1 * ....................................................... Program section between this block and G98 L1 (block 15) is
repeated once
7
% REPS G71 *
TNC 360
Step 1:
Main program REPS is executed up to block 27.
Step 2:
Program section between block 27 and block 20 is repeated

twice.
Step 3:
Main program REPS is executed from block 28 to block 35.
Step 4:

once.
Step 5:
Repetition of step 2 within step 4 .
Step 6:
Repetition of step 3 within step 4 .
Step 7:
Main program REPS is executed from block 36 to block 50.

End of program.
6-11
6.4
Nesting
Repeating subprograms
Program layout
% UPGREP G71 *
.
.
.
e.g.
N10
N11
N12
.
.
.
e.g.
e.g.
N19
N20
.
.
.
G98 L1 *
2x 3
L2,0 * ...................................................
Subprogram call
L1,2 * ................................................... Program section repeat
G00 G40 Z+100 M2 * .......................... Last program block of main program with M2
G98 L2 * .............................................. Beginning of subprogram
2
5
N28
G98 L0 * .............................................. End of subprogram
N9999 % UPGREP G71 * ............................... End of main program
6-12
Step 1:
Main program UPGREP is executed to block 11.
Step 2:
Subprogram 2 is called and executed.
Step 3:

twice: subprogram 2 is repeated twice.
Step 4:
Main program UPGREP is executed from block 13 to

block 19. End of program.
TNC 360
Q Parameters are used for:

Programming families of parts
Defining contours through mathematical functions
A family of parts can be programmed in the TNC in a single part program. You do this by entering variables called Q parameters instead
of numerical values.
Q parameters can represent for example:
Coordinate values
Feed rates
Spindle speeds
Cycle data
Q6
Q1
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q5
A Q parameter is designated by the letter Q and a number between 0 and

123.
Q parameters also enable you to program contours that are defined
through mathematical functions.
Fig. 7.1: Q parameters as variables
With Q parameters you can make the execution of machining steps

dependent on logical conditions.
Q parameters and numerical values can also be mixed within a program.
The TNC automatically assigns data to some Q parameters. For example, parameter Q108 is
assigned the current tool radius. You will find a list of these parameters in Chapter 11.
7-2
TNC 360
7.1 Part Families Q Parameters Instead of Numerical Values

The Q parameter function D0: ASSIGN is used for assigning numerical
values to Q parameters.
Example: N10 D00 Q10 P01+25 *
This enables you to enter variable Q parameters in the program instead of
numerical values.
Example: G00 G40 G90 X + Q10 (corresponds to X + 25)
For part families, the characteristic workpiece dimensions can be programmed as Q parameters. Each of these parameters is then assigned a
different value when the parts are machined.
Example
Q1
Cylinder with Q parameters

Cylinder radius
Cylinder height
R
H
=
=
Q1
Q2
Cylinder Z1:
Q1 = +30
Q2 = +10
Cylinder Z2:
Q1 = +10
Q2 = +50
Q1
Q2
Q2
Z2
Z1
Fig. 7.2: Workpiece dimensions as Q parameters
To assign numerical values to Q parameters:
ENT
Select function D0: ASSIGN.
PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT?

e.g.
ENT
Enter Q parameter number.
FIRST VALUE / PARAMETER?

e.g.
ENT
Enter value or another Q parameter whose value is to be assigned to

Q5.
Resulting NC block: N20 D00 Q05 P01 +6 *
TNC 360
7-3
7.1
Q Parameters Instead of Numerical Values
Example for exercise: Full circle

Z
Circle center I,J:

X = 50 mm
= 50 mm
Beginning and end of the circular arc:

X = 50 mm
Y = 0 mm
Milling depth:
ZM = 5 mm
Tool radius:
= 15 mm
Y
I, J
50
50
Part program without Q parameters

%S520I G71 * ............................................................ Start of program
N10 G30 G17 X+1 Y+1 Z-20 * ................................... Definition of blank form MIN point
N20 G30 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 * ............................ Definition of blank form MAX point
N40 T6 G17 S500 * .................................................... Tool call
N50 I+50 J+50 * ........................................................ Coordinates of the circle center
N70 X+30 Y20 * ....................................................... Pre-position the tool
N80 Z5 M03 * .......................................................... Pre-position the tool to working depth
N90 G01 G41 X+50 Y+0 F100 * ................................ Move to first contour point with radius compensation
N100 G02 X+50 Y+0 * ............................................... Mill circular arc around circle center I,J; coordinates of end
point X = +50 and Y = 0; positive direction of rotation (G02)
N9999 %S520I G71 *
Part program with Q parameters
%3600741 G71 *
N10 D00 Q01 P01 +100 * .......................................... Clearance height
N20 D00 Q02 P01 +30 * ............................................ Start pos. X
N30 D00 Q03 P01 20 * ............................................ Start-End pos. Y
N40 D00 Q04 P01 +70 * ............................................ End pos. X
N50 D00 Q05 P01 5 * .............................................. Milling depth
N60 D00 Q06 P01+50 * ............................................. Circle center X
N70 D00 Q07 P01 +50 * ............................................ Circle center Y
N80 D00 Q08 P01 +50 * ............................................ Circle start point X
N90 D00 Q09 P01 +0 * .............................................. Circle start point Y
N100 D00 Q10 P01 +0 * ............................................ Tool length L
N110 D00 Q11 P01 +15 * .......................................... Tool radius R
N120 D00 Q20 P01 +100 * ........................................ Milling feed rate F
N130 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z20 *
N140 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N150 G99 T1 L+Q10 R+Q11 *
N160 T1 G17 S500 *
N170 I+Q6 J+Q7 *
N180 G00 G40 G90 Z+Q1 M06 *
N190 X+Q2 Y+Q3 *
N200 Z+Q5 M03 *
N210 G01 G41 X+Q8 Y+Q9 FQ20 *
N220 G02 X+Q8 Y+Q9 *
N230 G01 G40 X+Q4 Y+Q3 *
N240 Z+Q1 M02 *
N9999 %3600741 G71 *
7-4
Blocks N10 to N120:

Assign numerical values to the
Q parameters
Blocks N130 to N240:

Corresponding to blocks N10 to
N120 from program S520I
TNC 360
7.2 Describing Contours Through Mathematical Functions

Overview
The mathematical functions assign the results of one of the following
operations to a Q parameter:
D00: ASSIGN
e.g. N10 D00 Q05 P01 +60 *
Assigns a value directly
D01: ADDITION
e.g. N10 D01 Q01 P01 Q2 P02 5 *
Calculates and assigns the sum of two values
D02: SUBTRACTION
e.g. N10 D02 Q01 P01 +10 P02 +5 *
Calculates and assigns the difference between two values
D03: MULTIPLICATION
e.g. N10 D03 Q02 P01 +3 P02 +3 *
Calculates and assigns the product of two values
D04: DIVISION
e.g. N10 D04 Q04 P01 +8 P02 +Q02 *
Calculates and assigns the quotient of two values
Note: Division by 0 is not possible!
D05: SQUARE ROOT
e.g. N10 D05 Q20 P01 +4 *
Calculates and assigns the square root of a number
Note: Square root of a negative number is not possible!
The "values" in the overview above can be:
two numbers
two Q parameters
a number and a Q parameter
The Q parameters and numerical values in the equations can be entered
with positive or negative signs.
TNC 360
7-5
7.2
Describing Contours Through Mathematical Functions
Programming example for fundamental operations

Assign the value 10 to parameter Q5, and assign the product of Q5 and 7
to parameter Q12.
ENT
Select Q parameter function D00 (ASSIGN).
PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT ?
ENT
Enter parameter number, for example 5, and confirm.
FIRST VALUE / PARAMETER ?
1 0
END
ENT
Assign numerical value to Q5, terminate block.
Select Q parameter function D03 (MULTIPLICATION).
PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT?
1 2
ENT
Enter parameter number, for example Q12, and confirm.
FIRST VALUE OR PARAMETER?
Q 5
ENT
Enter Q5 (=10) and confirm.
SECOND VALUE OR PARAMETER?
END
Enter 7, terminate block.
Resulting NC blocks: N20 D00 Q05 P01 +10 *

N30 D03 Q12 P01 +Q5 P02 +7 *
7-6
TNC 360
7.3 Trigonometric Functions

Sine, cosine and tangent are the terms for the ratios of the sides of right
triangles. Trigonometric functions simplify many calculations.
For a right triangle,
Sine:
sin = a / c
Cosine:
cos = b / c
Tangent:
tan = a / b = sin / cos
Where
c is the side opposite the right angle

a is the side opposite the angle
b is the third side
The angle can be derived from the tangent:
= arctan = arctan (a / b) = arctan (sin / cos )
Example: a = 10 mm
b = 10 mm
= arctan (a / b) = arctan 1 = 45
Furthermore:
a2 + b2 = c2
c=
Fig. 7.3:
Sides and angles on a right triangle
(a2 = a . a)
2
a +b
Overview
D06: SINE
e.g. N10 D06 Q20 P01 Q05 *
Calculate the sine of an angle in degrees () and
assign it to a parameter
D07: COSINE
e.g. N10 D07 Q21 P01 Q05 *
Calculate the cosine of an angle in degrees () and
D08: ROOT SUM OF SQUARES
e.g. N10 D08 Q10 P01 +5 P02 +4 *
Take the square root of the sum of two squares, and
D13: ANGLE
e.g. N10 D13 Q20 P01 +10 P02 Q01 *
Calculate the angle from the arc tangent of two sides or from
the sine and cosine of the angle, and assign it to a parameter
TNC 360
7-7
7.4 If-Then Operations with Q Parameters

If-Then conditional operations enable the TNC to compare a Q parameter
with another Q parameter or with a numerical value.
Jumps
The jump target is specified in the block through a label number. If the
programmed condition is true, the TNC continues the program at the
specified label; if it is false, the next block is executed.
To jump to another program, you enter a program call after the block with
the target label (see page 6-8).
Overview
D09: IF EQUAL, JUMP
e.g. N10 D09 P01 +Q01 P02 +Q03 P03 5 *
If the two values or parameters are equal,
jump to the specified label (here label 5).
D10: IF NOT EQUAL, JUMP
e.g. N10 D10 P01 +10 P02 Q05 P03 10 *
If the two values or parameters are not equal,
D11: IF GREATER THAN, JUMP
e.g. N10 D11 P01 +Q01 P02 10 P03 5 *
If the first value or parameter is greater
than the second value or parameter,
D12: IF LESS THAN, JUMP
e.g. N10 D12 P01 +Q05 P02 +0 P03 1 *
If the first value or parameter is less
than the second value or parameter,
7-8
TNC 360
7.4
If-Then Operations with Q Parameters
Unconditional jumps
Unconditional jumps are jumps which are always executed because the
condition is always true.
Example:
N20 D09 P01 +10 P02 +10 P03 1 *
Program example
When Q5 becomes negative, a jump to program 100 will occur.
.
.
.
N50 D00 Q05 P01 +10 * ............................................ Assign value, for example 10, to parameter Q5
.
.
.
N90 D02 Q05 P01 +Q5 P02 +12 * ............................ Reduce the value of Q5
N100 D12 P01 +Q5 P02 +0 P03 5 * .......................... If +Q5 is less than 0, jump to label 5
.
.
.
N150 G98 L5 * ........................................................... Label 5
N160
%100 * ............................................................. Jump to program 100
.
.
.
TNC 360
7-9
7.5 Checking and Changing Q Parameters

Q parameters can be checked during program run or during a test run, and
changed if necessary.
Preparation:
A running program must be aborted (e.g. press machine STOP button
and STOP key).
If you are doing a test run, you must interrupt it.
To call a Q parameter:
e.g.
1 0
ENT
Select desired Q parameter (in this example Q10).
Q10 = + 100
The TNC displays the current value (in this example Q10 = 100).
e.g.
ENT
ENT
7-10
Change Q parameter (in this example Q10 is changed to 0).

Leave the Q parameter unchanged.
TNC 360
7.6 Output of Q Parameters and Messages

Displaying error messages
With the function D14: ERROR NUMBER you can call messages that
were pre-programmed by the machine tool builder.
If the TNC encounters a block with D14 during a program run or test run, it
interrupts the run and displays an error message. The program must then
be restarted.
Input example:
N50 D14 P01 254 *
The TNC will display the text of error number 254.
Error number to be entered

0 to 299
300 to 399
400 to 483
484 to 499
Prepared dialog text

ERROR 0 to ERROR 299
PLC ERROR 01 to PLC ERROR 99
DIALOG 1 to 83
USER PARAMETER 15 to 0
The machine tool builder may have programmed a text that differs from the above.
Output through an external data interface

The function D15: PRINT transmits the values of Q parameters and error
messages over the data interface. This enables you to send such data to
external devices, for example to a printer.
D15: PRINT with numerical values up to 254
Example: N100 D15 P01 20 *
Transmits the corresponding error message (see overview for D14).
D15: PRINT with Q parameter
Example: N200 D15 P01 Q20 *
Transmits the value of the corresponding Q parameter.
Up to six Q parameters and numerical values can be transmitted simultaneously.
Example: N250 D15 P01 4 P02 Q05 P03 4 P04 Q25 *
Assigning values for the PLC

Function D19: PLC transmits up to two numerical values or Q parameters
to the PLC.
Input increment and unit of measure: 1m or 0.001
Example: N25 D19 P01 +10 P02 +Q3 *
The number 10 corresponds to 10 m or 0.01
TNC 360
7-11
7.7 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe During Program Run

The 3D touch probe can measure positions on a workpiece during program run.
Applications:
Measuring differences in the height of cast surfaces
Checking tolerances during machining
Enter G55 to activate the touch probe.
The touch probe is automatically pre-positioned (with rapid traverse from
MP6150) and probes the specified position (with feed rate from MP6120).
The coordinate measured for the probe point is stored in a Q parameter.
L?
100
X
100
The TNC interrupts the probing process if the probe is not deflected within
a certain range (range selected with MP6130).
10
Fig. 7.4:
Workpiece dimensions to be
measured
To program the use of a touch probe:
ENT
Select the touch probe function.
PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT ?

e.g.
Enter the number of the Q parameter to which the coordinate is to be

assigned, for example Q5.
ENT
PROBING AXIS/PROBING DIRECTION?

Enter the probing axis for the coordinate, for example X.
X
e.g. +/
e.g.
e.g.
X 5
e.g.
Y 0
e.g.
Z +/
END
Select and confirm the probing direction.
Enter all coordinates of the pre-positioning point values,

for example X = 5 mm, Y = 0, Z = 5 mm.
Conclude input.
Resulting NC block: N150 G55 P01 05 P02 X- X+5 Y+0 Z-5 *

Pre-position the touch probe manually such that it will not collide with the workpiece when it moves toward the
programmed position.
7-12
TNC 360
7.7
Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe During Program Run
Example for exercise: Measuring the height of an island on a workpiece

Coordinates for pre-positioning the
3D touch probe
Touch point 1:
X = + 20 mm (Q11)
Y = 50 mm (Q12)
Z = 10 mm (Q13)
Touch point 2:
X = + 50 mm (Q21)
Y = 10 mm (Q22)
Z =
0 mm (Q23)
Part program
%3600717 G71 *
N10 D00 Q11 P01 +20 *
N20 D00 Q12 P01 +50 *
N30 D00 Q13 P01 +10 *
N40 D00 Q21 P01 +50 *
N50 D00 Q22 P01 +10 *
N60 D00 Q23 P01 +0 *
Begin the program; assign the coordinates for prepositioning the touch probe to Q parameters
N70 T0 G17 *
N80 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M06 * ............................... Insert touch probe
N90 G55 P01 10 P02 Z- X+Q11 Y+Q12 Z+Q13 * ...... The Z coordinate probed in the negative direction is stored in
Q10 (1st point)
N100 X+Q21 Y+Q22 * ............................................... Move to auxiliary point for second pre-positioning
N110 G55 P01 20 P02 Z- X+Q21 Y+Q22 Z+Q23 * .... The Z coordinate probed in the negative direction is stored in
Q20 (2nd point)
N120 D02 Q01 P01 +Q20 P02 +Q10 ......................... Measure the height of the island and assign to Q1
N130 G38 * ................................................................ Q1 can be checked after the program run has been stopped
(see page 7-10)
N140 Z+100 M02 *
N9999 %3600717 G71 * ............................................ Retract the tool and end the program
TNC 360
7-13
7.8 Examples for Exercise

Rectangular pocket with corner rounding and tangential approach
Pocket center coordinates
24
X = 50 mm (Q1)
Y = 50 mm (Q2)
Pocket length X = 90 mm
Pocket width Y = 70 mm
25
26
(Q3)
(Q4)
27
17
Working depth Z = () 15 mm (Q5)

Corner radius R = 10 mm
(Q6)
Milling feed
F = 200 mm/min (Q7)
32
23
21
31
29
28
22
30
20
Note:
At corners 21 and 31 the workpiece will be
machined slightly differently than shown in
the drawing!
Part program
%360077 G71 *
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z20 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
Program start and workpiece blank
N30
N40
N50
N60
N70
N80
N90
Assign the rectangular pocket data to Q parameters
D00 Q01 P01 +50 *

D00 Q02 P01 +50 *
D00 Q03 P01 +90 *
D00 Q04 P01 +70 *
D00 Q05 P01 +15 *
D00 Q06 P01 +10 *
D00 Q07 P01 +200 *
N100 G99 T1 L+0 R+5 *

N110 T1 G17 S1000 *
N120 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M6 *
Define and insert the tool
N130 D04 P01 Q13 P02 +Q03 P03 +2 *

N140 D04 P01 Q14 P02 +Q04 P03 +2 *
Enter half the pocket length and width for the paths of
traverse in blocks N200, N220, N300
N150 D04 P01 Q16 P02 +Q06 P03 +4 * ................... Rounding radius for smooth approach
N160 D04 P01 Q17 P02 +Q07 P03 +2 * ................... Feed rate in corners is half the rate for linear movement
N170 X+Q01 Y+Q02 M03 * ....................................... Pre-position in X and Y (pocket center), spindle ON
N180 Z+2 * ................................................................. Pre-position over workpiece
N190 G01 ZQ05 FQ07 * ........................................... Move to working depth Q5 (= 15 mm) with feed rate Q7
(= 100)
N200 G41 G91 X+Q13 G90 Y+Q02 *
Approach the pocket in a tangential arc
N210 G26 RQ16 *
N220 G91 Y+Q14 *
N230 G25 RQ6 FQ17 *
N240 XQ3 *
N250 G25 RQ6 FQ17 *
N260 Y-Q4 *
N270 G25 RQ6 FQ17 *
N280 X+Q3 *
N290 G25 RQ6 FQ17 *
N300 Y+Q14 *
Mill the frame of the rectangular pocket
N310 G27 RQ16 *

N320 G00 G40 G90 X+Q1 Y+Q2 *
Depart to pocket center in a tangential arc
N330 Z+100 M02 * .................................................... Retract tool

N9999 %360077 G71 *
7-14
TNC 360
7.8
Examples for Exercise
Bolt hole circles
Bore pattern 1 distributed over a full circle:

Entry values are listed below in program blocks
N10 to N80.
Movements in the plane are programmed
with polar coordinates.
25
90
30
Bore pattern 2 distributed over a circle sector:
25
The holes are executed with cycle G83:

PECKING (see page 8-4)
70
Entry values are listed below in blocks N150 to

N190; Q5, Q7 and Q8 remain the same.
35
2
30
90
Part program
%3600715 G71 * ....................................................... Load data for bolt hole circle 1
N10 D00 Q01 P01 +30 * ............................................ Circle center X coordinate
N20 D00 Q02 P01 +70 * ............................................ Circle center Y coordinate
N30 D00 Q03 P01 +11 * ............................................ Number of holes
N40 D00 Q04 P01 +25 * ............................................ Circle radius
N50 D00 Q05 P01 +90 * ............................................ Starting angle
N60 D00 Q06 P01 +0 * .............................................. Hole angle increment (0: distribute holes over 360)
N70 D00 Q07 P01 +2 * .............................................. Setup clearance
N80 D00 Q08 P01 +15 * ............................................ Total hole depth
N90 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z-20 *
N100 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N110 G99 T1 L+0 R+4 *
N120 T1 G17 S2500 *
N130 G83 P01 -Q07 ................................................... Definition of the pecking cycle/setup clearance
P02 -Q08 .......................................................... Total hole depth according to the load data
P03 -5 .............................................................. Pecking depth
P04 0 ............................................................... Dwell time
P05 250 * ........................................................ Feed rate for pecking
N140 L1,0 * ................................................................ Call bolt hole circle 1
Load data for bolt hole circle 2 (only re-enter changed data)
N150 D00 Q1 P01 +90 * ............................................ New circle center X coordinate
N160 D00 Q2 P01 +25 * ............................................ New circle center Y coordinate
N170 D00 Q3 P01 +5 * .............................................. New number of holes
N180 D00 Q4 P01 +35 * ............................................ New circle radius
N190 D00 Q6 P01 +30 * ............................................ New hole angle increment (not a full circle, 5 holes at 30
intervals)
N200 L1,0 * ................................................................ Call bolt hole circle 2
N210 G00 G40 G90 Z+200 M02 * ............................. End of main program
Continued...
TNC 360
7-15
7.8
N220 G98 L1 * ........................................................... Subprogram bolt hole circle

N230 D00 Q10 P01 +0 * ............................................ Set the counter for finished holes
N240 D10 P01 +Q6 P02 +0 P03 10 * ........................ If the hole angle increment has been entered, jump to LBL 10
N250 D04 Q6 P01 +360 P02 +Q3 * ........................... Calculate the hole angle increment, distribute holes over 360
N260 G98 L10 *
N270 D01 Q11 P01 +Q5 P02 +Q6 * .......................... Calculate second hole position from the start angle and hole
angle increment
N280 I+Q1 J+Q2 * ..................................................... Set pole at bolt hole circle center
N290 G10 G40 G90 R+Q4H+Q5 M03 * .................... Move in the plane to 1st hole
N300 G00 Z+Q7 M99 * .............................................. Move in Z to setup clearance, call cycle
N310 D01 Q10 P01 +Q10 P02 +1 * ........................... Count finished holes
N320 D09 P01 +Q10 P02 +Q3 P03 99 * ................... Finished?
N330 G98 L2 *
N340 G10 R+Q4 H+Q11 M99 * ................................. Make a second and further holes
N350 D01 Q10 P01 +Q10 P02 +1 * ........................... Count finished holes
N360 D01 Q11 P01 +Q11 P02 +Q6 * ........................ Calculate angle for next hole (update)
N370 D12 P01 +Q10 P02 +Q3 P03 2 * ..................... Not finished?
N380 G98 L99 *
N390 G00 G40 G90 Z+200 * ...................................... Retract in Z
N400 G98 L0 * ........................................................... End of subprogram, return jump to main program
N9999 %3600715 G71 *
7-16
TNC 360
7.8
Ellipse
X coordinate calculation:
Y coordinate calculation:
X = a . cos
Y = b . sin
Y
b
a, b : Semimajor and semiminor axes of the

ellipse
:
Angle between the leading axis and
the connecting line from P to the
center of the ellipse
X2
X1
Y2
Process:
The points of the ellipse are calculated and
connected by many short lines. The more
points that are calculated and the shorter
the lines between them, the smoother the
curve.
Y1
Y
Q5
DR
The machining direction can be varied by

changing the entries for start and end angles.
0 = E
Q4
DR+
The input parameters are listed below in blocks

N10 to N120 of the part program.
Part program
%376015 G71 * ........................................................ Load data
N10 D00 Q01 P01 +50 * ........................................... X coordinate for center of ellipse
N20 D00 Q02 P01 +50 * ........................................... Y coordinate for center of ellipse
N30 D00 Q03 P01 +50 * ........................................... Semiaxis in X
N40 D00 Q04 P01 +20 * ........................................... Semiaxis in Y
N50 D00 Q05 P01 +0 * ............................................. Start angle
N60 D00 Q06 P01 +360 * ......................................... End angle
N70 D00 Q07 P01 +40 * ........................................... Number of calculating steps
N80 D00 Q08 P01 +0 * ............................................. Rotational position
N90 D00 Q09 P01 +10 * ........................................... Depth
N100 D00 Q10 P01 +100 * ....................................... Plunging feed rate
N110 D00 Q11 P01 +350 * ....................................... Milling feed rate
N120 D00 Q12 P01 +2 * ........................................... Setup clearance Z
N130 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z-20 * ................................. Definition of workpiece blank
N140 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N150 G99 T1 L+0 R+2.5 *
N160 T1 G17 S2500 *
N170 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 * ..................................... Retract in Z
N180 L10,0 * ............................................................. Call subprogram ellipse
N190 G00 Z+100 M02 * ............................................ Retract in Z, end of main program
Continued...
TNC 360
7-17
7.8
N200 G98 L10 *

N210 G54 X+Q1 Y+Q2 * ........................................... Shift datum to center of ellipse
N220 G73 G90 H+Q8 * ............................................. Activate rotation, if Q8 is loaded
N230 D02 Q35 P01 +Q6 P02 +Q5 *
N240 D04 Q35 P01 +Q35 P02 +Q7 * ....................... Calculate angle increment
N250 D00 Q36 P01 +Q5 * ........................................ Current angle for calculation = set start angle
N260 D00 Q37 P01 +0 * ........................................... Set counter for milled steps
N270 L11,0 * ............................................................. Call subprogram for calculating the points of the ellipse
N280 G00 G40 X+Q21 Y+Q22 M03 * ....................... Move to start point in the plane
N290 Z+Q12 * ........................................................... Rapid traverse in Z to setup clearance
N300 G01 Z-Q9 FQ10 * ............................................. Plunge to milling depth at plunging feed rate
N310 G98 L1 *
N320 D01 Q36 P01 +Q36 P02 +Q35 * ..................... Update the angle
N330 D01 Q37 P01 +Q37 P02 +1 * .......................... Update the counter
N340 L11,0 * ............................................................. Call subprogram for calculating the points of the ellipse
N350 G01 X+Q21 Y+Q22 FQ11 * ............................. Move to next point
N360 D12 P01 +Q37 P02 +Q7 P03 1 * .................... Not finished?
N370 G73 G90 H+0 * ................................................ Reset rotation
N380 G54 X+0 Y+0 * ................................................ Reset datum shift
N390 G00 G40 Z+Q12 * ............................................ Move in Z to setup clearance
N400 G98 L0 * .......................................................... End of subprogram for milling the ellipse
N410 G98 L11 *
N420 D07 Q21 P01 +Q36 *
N430 D03 Q21 P01 +Q21 P02 +Q3 * ....................... Calculate X coordinate
N440 D06 Q22 P01 +Q36 *
N450 D03 Q22 P01 +Q22 P02 +Q4 * ....................... Calculate Y coordinate
N460 G98 L0 *
N9999 %376015 G71 *
7-18
TNC 360
7.8
Machining a hemisphere with an end mill

Notes on the program:
The tool moves upwards in the ZX plane.
You can enter an oversize in block N120
(Q12) if you want to machine the contour
in several steps.
The tool radius is automatically compensated
with parameter Q108.
The program works with the following values:
Solid angle:
Sphere radius
Setup clearance
Plane angle:
Center of sphere:
Milling feed rate
Oversize
Start angle
End angle
Increment
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Start angle Q6
End angle
Q7
Increment
Q8
X coordinate Q9
Y coordinate Q10
Q11
Q12
The parameters additionally defined in the

program have the following meanings:
Q15: Setup clearance above the sphere
Q21: Solid angle during machining
Q24: Distance from center of sphere
to center of tool
Q26: Plane angle during machining
Q108: TNC parameter with tool radius
Part program
%360712 G71 *
N10 D00 Q1 P01 + 90 *
N20 D00 Q2 P01 + 0 *
N30 D00 Q3 P01+ 5 *
N40 D00 Q4 P01 + 45 *
N50 D00 Q5 P01 + 2 *
N60 D00 Q6 P01+ 0 *
Assign the sphere data to the paramN70 D00 Q7 P01 + 360 *
eters
N80 D00 Q8 P01 + 5 *
N90 D00 Q9 P01 + 50 *
N100 D00 Q10 P01 + 50 *
N110 D00 Q11 P01 + 500 *
N120 D00 Q12 P01 + 0 *
N130 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z50 *
N140 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
Workpiece blank; define and insert tool
N150 G99 T1 L+0 R+5 *
N160 T1 G17 S1000 *
N170 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M06 *
N180 L 10,0 * ............................................................. Subprogram call
N190 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M02 * ............................. Retract tool; return jump to beginning of program
Continued...
TNC 360
7-19
7.8
N200 G98 L10 *

N200 D01 Q15 P01 +Q5 P02 +Q4 *
N220 D00 Q21 P01 +Q1 *
N230 D01 Q24 P01 +Q4 P02 +Q108 *
N240 D00 Q26 P01 +Q6 *
Determine starting and calculation values
N250 G54 X+Q9 Y+Q10 Z-Q4 * ................................. Shift datum to center of sphere
N260 G73 G90 H+Q06 * ............................................ Rotation for program start (starting plane angle)
N270 I+0 J+0 * .......................................................... Pole for pre-positioning
N280 G10 G40 G90 R+Q24 H+Q6 * .......................... Pre-positioning before machining
N290 G98 L1 *
N300 K+0 I+Q108 *
N310 G01 Y+0 Z+0 FQ11 * ........................................ Pre-positioning at the beginning of each arc
N320 G98 L2 *
N330 G11 G40 R+Q4 H+Q21 FQ11 *
N340 D02 Q21 P01 +Q21 P02 +Q03 *
N350 D11 P01 +Q21 P02 +Q02 P03 2 *
Mill the sphere upward until the highest point is reached
N360 R+Q04 H+Q02 *

N370 G01 Z+Q15 F1000 *
N380 G00 G40 X+Q24 *
Mill the highest point and then retract the tool
N390 D01 Q26 P01 +Q26 P02 +Q08 * ...................... Prepare the next rotation increment
N400 D00 Q21 P01 Q01 * .......................................... Reset solid angle for machining to the starting value
N410 G73 G90 H+Q26 *
N420 D12 P01 +Q26 P02 +Q07 P03 1 *
N430 D09 P01 +Q26 P02 + Q07 P03 1 *
Rotate the coordinate system about the Z axis until plane end
angle is reached
N440 G73 G90 H+0 * ................................................. Reset rotation

N450 G54 X+0 Y+0 Z+0 * .......................................... Reset datum shift
N460 G98 L0 * ........................................................... End of subprogram
N9999 %360712 G71 *
7-20
TNC 360
Cycles
8.1 General Overview of Cycles

Frequently recurring machining sequences comprising several steps are
stored in the TNC memory as cycles. Coordinate transformations and
other special functions are also available as cycles.
The cycles are divided into several groups:
Simple fixed cycles such as pecking and tapping as well as the milling
operations slot milling, circular pocket milling and rectangular pocket
milling.
SL (Subcontour List) cycles, which allow machining of relatively
complex contours composed of several overlapping subcontours.
Coordinate transformation cycles which enable datum shift, rotation,
mirror image, enlarging and reducing for various contours.
Special cycles such as dwell time, program call and oriented spindle
stop.
Programming a cycle
Defining a cycle
Select the desired cycle and program it in the dialog by entering the
appropriate G function. The following example shows how to define any
cycle:
Select a cycle, for example RIGID TAPPING.
ENT
SETUP CLEARANCE?
e.g.
+/
Enter setup clearance, for example 2 mm.
ENT
TOTAL HOLE DEPTH?

e.g.
+/
Enter total hole depth, for example 30 mm.
ENT
THREAD PITCH?
e.g.
Enter thread pitch, for example 0.75 mm.
END
Resulting NC block: G85 P012 P0230 P03+0.75 *
8-2
TNC 360
8
8.1
Cycles
General Overview of Cycles
Cycle call
The following cycles become effective immediately upon being defined in
the part program:
Coordinate transformation cycles
Dwell time
The SL cycle G37 CONTOUR GEOMETRY
All other cycles must be called separately. Further information on cycle
calls is provided in the descriptions of the individual cycles.
If the cycle is to be executed after the block in which it was called up,
program the cycle call
with G79
with the miscellaneous function M99.
If the cycle is to be run after every positioning block, it must be called with
the miscellaneous function M89 (depending on the machine parameters).
M89 is cancelled with M99.
Prerequisites:
The following data must be programmed before a cycle call:
Blank form for graphic display

Tool call
Positioning block for starting position X, Y
Positioning block for starting position Z (setup clearance)
Direction of rotation of the spindle (miscellaneous functions M3/M4)
Cycle definition.
Dimensions in the tool axis

The dimensions for tool axis movement are always referenced to the
position of the tool at the time of the cycle call and interpreted by the
control as incremental dimensions. It is not necessary to program G91.
The algebraic signs for SETUP CLEARANCE, TOTAL HOLE DEPTH and
JOG INCREMENT define the working direction. They must be entered
identically (usually negative).
The TNC assumes that at the beginning of the cycle the tool is positioned over the workpiece at the clearance
height.
TNC 360
8-3
Cycles
8.2 Simple Fixed Cycles

PECKING G83
Process:
1.
The tool drills at the entered feed rate to the first

pecking depth.
The tool is then retracted at rapid traverse to the
starting position and advances again to the first
pecking depth, minus the advanced stop distance t (see calculations).
The tool advances with another infeed at the
programmed feed rate.
These steps are repeated until the programmed
total hole depth is reached.
After a dwell time at the bottom of the hole, the
tool is retracted to the starting position at rapid
traverse for chip breaking.
2.
3.
4.
A
C
A
C
A
t
B
C
Fig. 8.1:
PECKING cycle
Input data
SETUP CLEARANCE A :
Distance between tool tip (at starting position) and workpiece surface.
TOTAL HOLE DEPTH B :
Distance between workpiece surface and bottom of hole (tip of drill
taper).
PECKING DEPTH C :
Infeed per cut.
If the TOTAL HOLE DEPTH equals the PECKING DEPTH, the tool will
drill to the programmed hole depth in one operation. The PECKING
DEPTH does not have to be a multiple of the TOTAL HOLE DEPTH. If
the PECKING DEPTH is greater than the TOTAL HOLE DEPTH, the tool
only advances to the TOTAL HOLE DEPTH.
DWELL TIME:
Length of time the tool remains at the total hole depth for chip breaking.
Calculations
The advanced stop distance is automatically calculated by the control:
Total hole depth up to 30 mm: t = 0.6 mm
Total hole depth over 30 mm: t = Total hole depth / 50
maximum advanced stop distance: 7 mm
8-4
TNC 360
8
8.2
Cycles
Simple Fixed Cycles
Example: Pecking
Hole coordinates:
1
= 20 mm
= 30 mm
= 80 mm
= 50 mm
Hole diameter:
6 mm
Setup clearance:
2 mm
Total hole depth:
15 mm
Pecking depth:
10 mm
Dwell time:
Feed rate:
1 s
80 mm/min
Y
6
2
50
30
80
20
PECKING cycle in a part program

%S85I G71 * ....................................................................
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z20 * .........................................
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N30 G99 T1 L+0 R+3 * ....................................................
N40 T1 G17 S1200 * ........................................................
N50 G83 P01 2 P02 15 P03 10 P04 1 P05 80 * ..........
N60 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M06 * .....................................
N70 X+20 Y+30 M03 * ....................................................
N80 Z+2 M99 * ................................................................
N90 X+80 Y+50 M99 * ....................................................
N100 Z+100 M02 * ..........................................................
N9999 %S85I G71 *
TNC 360
Begin program
Define workpiece blank
Tool definition
Tool call
Cycle definition PECKING
Retract the spindle, insert the tool
Pre-positioning for first hole, spindle ON
Pre-positioning in Z to setup clearance, cycle call
Move to second hole, cycle call
Retract tool and end program
8-5
Cycles
8.2
Simple Fixed Cycles
TAPPING with floating tap holder G84

Process
1.
2.
The thread is cut in one pass.

When the tool reaches the total hole depth, the
direction of spindle rotation is reversed. After the
programmed dwell time the tool is retracted to
the starting position.
At the starting position, the direction of rotation
is reversed once again.
3.
4.
Required tool
A floating tap holder is required for tapping. The
floating tap holder compensates the tolerances for
feed rate and spindle speed during the tapping
process.
Fig. 8.2: TAPPING cycle
Input data
SETUP CLEARANCE A :
Distance between tool tip (starting position) and workpiece surface.
Standard value: 4x thread pitch.
TOTAL HOLE DEPTH B (thread length):
Distance between workpiece surface and end of thread.
DWELL TIME:
Enter a dwell time between 0 and 0.5 seconds to prevent wedging of
the tool when retracted. (Further information is available from the
machine tool builder.)
FEED RATE F:
Traversing speed of the tool during tapping.
Calculations
The feed rate is calculated as follows:
F = Sxp
F: Feed rate (mm/min)
S: Spindle speed (rpm)
p: Thread pitch (mm)
When a cycle is being run, the spindle speed override control is disabled. The feed rate override control is only
active within a limited range (preset by the machine tool builder).
For tapping right-hand threads activate the spindle with M3; for left-hand threads use M4.
8-6
TNC 360
8
8.2
Cycles
Simple Fixed Cycles
Example: Tapping with a floating tap holder

Cutting an M6 thread at 100 rpm
Coordinates of the hole:
X = 50 mm
= 20 mm
Pitch
1 mm
F = Sxp F =
100 . 1 = 100 mm/min
Setup clearance:
3 mm
Thread depth:
20 mm
Dwell time:
0.4 s
Feed rate:
100 mm/min
X
20
50
TAPPING cycle in a part program

N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z20 * ................................... Define workpiece blank
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N30 G99 T1 L+0 R+3 * .............................................. Tool definition
N40 T1 G17 S100 * .................................................... Tool call
N50 G84 P01 5 P02 20 P03 0.4 P04 100 * ............. Cycle definition TAPPING
N60 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M06 * ............................... Retract the spindle, insert the tool
N70 X+50 Y+20 M03 * .............................................. Pre-positioning in the X/Y plane, spindle ON
N80 Z+3 M99 * .......................................................... Pre-positioning in Z to setup clearance, cycle call
N90 Z+100 M02 * ...................................................... Retract tool and end program
N9999 %S87I G71 *
TNC 360
8-7
Cycles
8.2
Simple Fixed Cycles
RIGID TAPPING G85

Process
The thread is cut without a floating tap holder in one or several passes.
Advantages over tapping with a floating tap holder:
Higher machining speeds
Repeated tapping of the same thread; repetitions are made possible by
spindle orientation to the 0 position during cycle call
(depending on machine parameters)
Increased traverse range of the spindle axis
Machine and control must be specially prepared by the machine manufacturer to enable rigid tapping.
Input data
SETUP CLEARANCE A :
Distance between tool tip (starting position) and workpiece surface.
TAPPING DEPTH B :
Distance between workpiece surface (beginning of thread) and
end of thread
THREAD PITCH C :
The sign differentiates between right-hand and left-hand threads:
+ = Right-hand thread
= Left-hand thread
X
B
Fig. 8.3:
Input data for the RIGID TAPPING

cycle
The control calculates the feed rate from the spindle speed. If the spindle speed override knob is turned during
tapping, the control automatically adjusts the feed rate accordingly. The feed rate override is disabled.
8-8
TNC 360
8
8.2
Cycles
Simple Fixed Cycles
SLOT MILLING G74

Process
Roughing process:
The tool penetrates the workpiece from the
starting position and mills in the longitudinal
direction of the slot.
After downfeed at the end of the slot, milling is
performed in the opposite direction.
These steps are repeated until the programmed
milling depth is reached.
Finishing process:
The control advances the tool in a quarter circle
at the bottom of the slot by the remaining
finishing cut. The tool subsequently climb mills
the contour (with M3).
At the end of the cycle, the tool is retracted in
rapid traverse to the setup clearance.
If the number of infeeds was odd, the tool
returns to the starting position at the level of the
setup clearance.
Fig. 8.4:
SLOT MILLING cycle
Required tool
This cycle requires a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641). The cutter diameter
must not be larger than the width of the slot and not smaller than half the
width of the slot. The slot must be parallel to an axis of the current
coordinate system.
A
C
Input data
SETUP CLEARANCE A
MILLING DEPTH B : Depth of the slot
PECKING DEPTH C
FEED RATE FOR PECKING:
Traversing speed of the tool during penetration.
FIRST SIDE LENGTH D :
Length of the slot. Specify the sign to determine the first milling
direction.
SECOND SIDE LENGTH E :
Width of the slot
FEED RATE:
Traversing speed of the tool in the working plane.
Fig. 8.5:
Infeeds and distances for the

SLOT MILLING cycle
Fig. 8.6:
TNC 360
Side lengths of the slot
8-9
Cycles
8.2
Simple Fixed Cycles
Example: Slot milling

A horizontal slot 50 mm x 10 mm and a vertical
slot 80 mm x 10 mm are to be milled.
The starting position takes into account the tool
radius in the longitudinal direction of the slot.
Starting position slot 1 :
X = 76 mm
Y = 15 mm
Y
100
90
10
Starting position slot 2 :

X = 20 mm
Y = 14 mm
SLOT DEPTHS:
15 mm
Setup clearances:
2 mm
Milling depths:
15 mm
Pecking depths:
5 mm
Feed rate for pecking:
80 mm/min
1
Slot length
1st milling direction
Slot widths:
Feed rate:
50 mm
80 mm
+
10 mm
10
10
X
15
30
80
100
120 mm/min
SLOT MILLING cycle in a part program

N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N40 T1 G17 S2000 * .................................................. Tool call
N50 G74 P01 2 P02 15 P03 5 P04 80 P05 X50
P06 Y+10 P07 120 * ................................................... Define slot parallel to X axis
N70 X+76 Y+15 M03 * .............................................. Move to starting position, spindle ON
N90 G74 P01 2 P02 15 P03 5 P04 80 P05 Y+80
P06 X+10 P07 120 * ................................................... Define slot parallel to Y axis
N100 X+20 Y+14 M99 * ............................................ Move to starting position, cycle call 2
N110 Z+100 M02 * .................................................... Retract tool and end program
N9999 %S810I G71 *
8-10
TNC 360
8
8.2
Cycles
Simple Fixed Cycles
POCKET MILLING G75/G76

Process
The rectangular pocket milling cycle is a roughing cycle, in which
the tool penetrates the workpiece at the starting position (pocket
center)
the tool subsequently follows the programmed path at the specified
feed rate (see Fig. 8.9).
A
The cutter begins milling in the positive axis direction of the longer side.
With square pockets, the cutter begins in the positive Y direction. At the
end of the cycle, the tool returns to the starting position.
C
B
Requirements / Limitations
This cycle requires a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641) or a separate pilot
drilling operation at the pocket center. The pocket sides are parallel to the
axes of the coordinate system.
Fig. 8.7:
Infeeds and distances for the

POCKET MILLING cycle
Direction of rotation for roughing out

Clockwise direction of rotation: G75
Counterclockwise direction of rotation: G76
Input data
Setup clearance A
Milling depth B
Pecking depth C
FIRST SIDE LENGTH D :
Length of the pocket, parallel to the first main axis of the working
plane.
SECOND SIDE LENGTH E :
Width of the pocket
The signs of the side lengths are always positive.
FEED RATE:
G76
G75
F
D
Fig. 8.8:
Side lengths of the pocket
Calculations
Stepover factor k:
k = KxR
K:
R:
Overlap factor (preset by the machine tool builder)

Cutter radius
Rounding radius
The pocket corners are rounded with the cutter radius.
Fig. 8.9:
TNC 360
Tool path for roughing out
8-11
Cycles
8.2
Simple Fixed Cycles
Example: Rectangular pocket milling

Pocket center coordinates:
X
= 60 mm
= 35
Setup clearance:
mm
2 mm
10 mm
Pecking depth:
4 mm
55
80 mm/min
First side length:
80 mm
Second side length:
40 mm
Milling feed rate:

Direction of the cutter path:
100 mm/min
Milling depth:
40
15
80
20
X
100
POCKET MILLING cycle in a part program

N20 G31 G90 X+110 Y+100 Z+0 *
N40 T1 G17 S2000 * .................................................. Tool call
N50 G76 P01 2 P02 10 P03 4 P04 80 P05 X+80
P06 Y+40 P07 100 * ................................................... Cycle definition POCKET MILLING
N70 X+60 Y+35 M03 * .............................................. Move to starting position (pocket center), spindle ON
N9999 %S812I G71 *
8-12
TNC 360
8
8.2
Cycles
Simple Fixed Cycles
CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING G77/G78

Process
Circular pocket milling is a roughing cycle. The tool penetrates the
workpiece from the starting position (pocket center).
The cutter then follows a spiral path at the programmed feed rate (see
Fig. 8.10). The stepover factor is determined by the value of k (see
POCKET MILLING cycle G75/G76: calculations).
The process is repeated until the programmed milling depth is reached.
At the end of the cycle the tool returns to the starting position.
Required tool
This cycle requires a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641) or a separate pilot
drilling operation at the pocket center.
Fig. 8.10:
Tool path for roughing out
Direction of rotation for roughing out

Clockwise direction of rotation G77
Counterclockwise direction of rotation G78
Input data
SETUP CLEARANCE A
MILLING DEPTH B : DEPTH of the pocket
PECKING DEPTH C
CIRCLE RADIUS R :
Radius of the circular pocket.
FEED RATE:
A
C
B
Fig. 8.11:
Distances and infeeds with

CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING
F
G78
G77
R
Fig. 8.12:
TNC 360
Direction of the cutter path
8-13
Cycles
8.2
Simple Fixed Cycles
Example: Milling a circular pocket

Pocket center coordinates:
X = 60 mm
Y =
50 mm
Setup clearance:
Z
2 mm
Milling depth:
12 mm
Pecking depth:
6 mm
80 mm/min
Circle radius:
35 mm
Milling feed rate:

Direction of the cutter path:
100 mm/min
Y
12
35
50
60
CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING cycle in a part program

N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N40 T1 G17 S2000 * .................................................. Tool call
N50 G77 P01 2 P02 12 P03 6 P04 80 P05 35
P06 100 * ................................................................... Cycle definition CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING
N70 X+60 Y+50 M03 * .............................................. Move to starting position (pocket center), spindle ON
N9999 %S814I G71 *
8-14
TNC 360
Cycles
8.3 SL Cycles
Subcontour list (SL) cycles are very powerful cycles that enable you to mill
any required contour. They are characterized by the following features:
A contour can consist of superimposed subcontours. Pockets and
islands compose the subcontours.
The subcontours are programmed as subprograms.
The control automatically superimposes the subcontours and calculates
the points of intersection of the subcontours with each other.
Cycle G37: CONTOUR GEOMETRY contains the subcontour list and is a
purely geometric cycle, containing no cutting data or infeed values.
The machining data are defined in the following cycles:
PILOT DRILLING G56
ROUGH-OUT G57
CONTOUR MILLING G58/G59
Each subprogram defines whether radius compensation G41 or G42

applies. The sequence of points determines the direction of rotation in
which the contour is to be machined. The control deduces from these
data whether the specific subprogram describes a pocket or an island:
For a pocket the tool path is inside the contour
For an island the tool path is outside the contour
The way the SL contour is machined is determined by MP 7420.

We recommend a graphical test run before you machine the part. This will show whether all contours were
correctly defined.
All coordinate transformations are allowed in the subprograms for the subcontours.
F and M words are ignored in the subprograms for the subcontours.
The following examples will at first use only the ROUGH-OUT cycle.
Later, as the examples become more complex, the full range of possibilities of this group of cycles will be illustrated.
Programming parallel axes
Machining operations can also be programmed in parallel axes as SL
cycles. The parallel axes must lie in the working plane. (In this case,
graphic simulation is not available).
Input
Parallel axes must be programmed in the first coordinate block (positioning block, I,J,K block) of the first subprogram that is called with cycle G37:
CONTOUR GEOMETRY. All other coordinates are then ignored.
TNC 360
8-15
Cycles
8.3
SL Cycles
CONTOUR GEOMETRY G37

Application
C
A
Cycle G37: CONTOUR GEOMETRY contains the list

of subcontours that make up the complete contour.
D
B
Input data
Enter the LABEL numbers of the subprograms. A
maximum of 12 subprograms can be listed.
Effect
Cycle G37 becomes effective as soon as it is
defined.
Fig. 8.13:
Example of an SL contour: A, B = pockets; C, D = islands
Example:
G99 T3 L+0 R+3.5 *
T3 G17 S1500 * .......................................................... Working plane perpendicular to Z axis
G37 P01 1 P02 2 P03 3 *
.
.
. G40 Z+100 M2 *
G00
.
.
. L1 ........................................................................ First contour label of the CONTOUR GEOMETRY cycle G37
G98
G01 G42 X+0 Y+10 .................................................... Machining in the X/Y plane
X+20 Y+10
I+50 J+50
.
.
.
8-16
TNC 360
8
8.3
Cycles
SL Cycles
ROUGH-OUT G57
Process
Cycle G57 specifies the cutting path and partitioning.
The tool is positioned in the tool axis above the first infeed point, taking
the finishing allowance into account.
Then the tool penetrates into the workpiece at the programmed feed
rate for pecking.
Milling the contour:
The tool mills the first subcontour at the specified feed rate, taking the
finishing allowance into account.
When the tool returns to the infeed point, it is advanced to the next
pecking depth.
This process is repeated until the programmed milling depth is reached.
Further subcontours are milled in the same manner.
Roughing out pockets:
After milling the contour the pocket is roughed out. The stepover is
defined by the tool radius. Islands are jumped over.
If necessary, pockets can be cleared out with several downfeeds.
At the end of the cycle the tool returns to the setup clearance.
Required tool
This cycle requires a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641) if the pocket is not
separately pilot drilled or if the tool must repeatedly jump over contours.
Input data
SETUP CLEARANCE A
MILLING DEPTH B
PECKING DEPTH C
FINISHING ALLOWANCE D :
Allowance in the working plane (positive number).
ROUGH-OUT ANGLE :
Feed direction for roughing out. The rough-out angle is relative to the
angle reference axis and can be set such that the resulting cuts are as
long as possible with few cutting movements.
FEED RATE:
A
C
B
D
Fig. 8.14:
Infeeds and distances with the

ROUGH-OUT cycle
Machine parameters determine whether

the contour is first milled and then surface machined, or vice-versa
the contour is milled conventionally or by climb milling
all pockets are first roughed out to the full milling depths and then
contour milled, or vice-versa
contour milling and roughing out are performed together for each
pecking depth.
Fig. 8.15:
TNC 360
Tool path for rough-out
8-17
Cycles
8.3
SL Cycles
Example: Roughing out a rectangular island
Coordinates of the island corners:

X
Y
70 mm
60 mm
1
15 mm
60 mm
2
15 mm
20 mm
3
70 mm
20 mm
4
20
15
70
Starting point for machining:

Y = 60 mm
5 X = 40 mm
2
15
8
100
0
00
500
G98 L1
Coordinates of the auxiliary pocket:

X
Y
5 mm
5 mm
6
105 mm
5 mm
7
105 mm
105 mm
8
5 mm
105 mm
9
Setup clearance:
Milling depth:
Pecking depth:
Finishing allowance:
Rough-out angle:
Feed rate for milling:
Y
60
Tool: center-cut end mill (ISO 1641),

radius 5 mm.
12
Rectangular island with rounded corners
mm
mm
mm
mm/min
G98 L2
mm/min
Cycle in a part program

N20 G31 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N40 T1 G17 S2500 * .................................................. Tool call
N50 G37 P01 2 P02 1 * .............................................. Define in cycle CONTOUR GEOMETRY that the contour
elements are described in subprograms 1 and 2
N60 G57 P01 2 P02 15 P03 8 P04 100 P05 +0
P06 +0 P07 500 * ....................................................... Cycle definition ROUGH-OUT
N80 X+40 Y+50 M03 * .............................................. Pre-positioning in X and Y, spindle ON
N100 Z+100 M02 *
N110 G98 L1 *
N120 G01 G42 X+40 Y+60 *
N130 X+15 *
N150 Y+20 *
N160 G25 R12 *
N170 X+70 *
N180 G25 R12 *
N190 Y+60 *
N200 G25 R12 *
N210 X+40 *
N220 G98 L0 *
N230 G98 L2 *
N240 G01 G41 X-5 Y-5 *
N250 X+105 *
N260 Y+105 *
N270 X5 *
N280 Y5 *
N290 G98 L0 *
N9999 %S818I G71 *
8-18
Subprogram 1:
Geometry of the island
(From radius compensation G42 and counterclockwise
machining, the control concludes that the contour element is
an island)
Subprogram 2:
Geometry of the auxiliary pocket:
External limitation of the machining surface
(From radius compensation G41 and counterclockwise
machining, the control concludes that the contour element is
a pocket)
TNC 360
8
8.3
Cycles
SL Cycles
Overlapping contours
Pockets and islands can be overlapped to form a new contour. The area of
a pocket can thus be enlarged by another pocket or reduced by an island.
Starting position
Machining begins at the starting position of the first pocket in cycle G37
CONTOUR GEOMETRY. The starting position should be located as far as
possible from the overlapping contours.
Fig. 8.16:
Examples of overlapping contours
Example: Overlapping pockets

Machining begins with the first contour label defined in block 6. The first
pocket must begin outside the second pocket.
Inside machining with a center-cut end mill

(ISO 1641), tool radius 3 mm.
50 mm
50 mm
Circle radii
50
R = 25 mm
Setup clearance:
10 mm
Pecking depth:
5 mm
500 mm/min
Finishing allowance:
Rough-out angle:
Milling feed rate:
2 mm
Milling depth:
R2
Y =
Y =
X = 35 mm
X = 65 mm
R2
1
2
Coordinates of the circle centers:
X
35
65
500 mm/min
Continued...
TNC 360
8-19
Cycles
8.3
SL Cycles

N20 G31 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N40 T1 G17 S2500 * .................................................. Tool call
N50 G37 P01 1 P02 2 * .............................................. Define in cycle CONTOUR GEOMETRY that the contour
elements are described in subprograms 1 and 2
N60 G57 P01 2 P02 15 P03 8 P04 100 P05 +0
P06 +0 P07 500 * ....................................................... Cycle definition ROUGH-OUT
N80 X+50 Y+50 M03 * .............................................. Pre-positioning in the X/Y plane, spindle ON
N100 Z+100 M02 *
N110 G98 L1 *
.
.
.
N140 G98 L0 *
N150 G98 L2 *
.
.
.
N180 G98 L0 *
N9999 %S820I G71 *
Subprograms: Overlapping pockets

The pocket elements A and B overlap.
The control automatically calculates the points of intersection S1 and S2,
so these points do not have to be programmed.
The pockets are programmed as full circles.
S1
N110
N120
N130
N140
G98 L1 *
G01 G41 X+10 Y+50 *
I+35 J+50 G03 X+10 Y+50 *
G98 L0 *
Left pocket
N150
N160
N170
N180
N9999
G98 L2 *
G01 G41 X+90 Y+50 *
I+65 J+50 G03 X+90 Y+50 *
G98 L0 *
% S820I G71 *
Right pocket
A
S2
Fig. 8.17:
Depending on the control setup (machine parameters), machining starts

either with the outline or the surface:
Fig. 8.18:
8-20
Outline is machined first
Fig. 8.19:
Points of intersection S1 and S2 of

pockets A and B
Surface is machined first
TNC 360
8
8.3
Cycles
SL Cycles
Area of inclusion
Both areas (element A and element B) are to be
machined including the area of overlap.
A and B must be pockets.
The first pocket in cycle G37 must start outside
the second.
N110
N120
N130
N140
G98 L1 *
G01 G41 X+10 Y+50 *
I+35 J+50 G03 X+10 Y+50 *
G98 L0 *
N150
N160
N170
N180
G98 L2 *
G01 G41 X+90 Y+50 *
I+65 J+50 G03 X+50 Y+50 *
G98 L0 *
B
A
Fig. 8.20:
Overlapping pockets: area of inclusion
Area of exclusion
Surface A is to be machined without the portion
overlapped by B
A must be a pocket and B an island.
A must start outside of B.
N110
N120
N130
N140
G98 L1 *
G01 G41 X+10 Y+50 *
I+35 J+50 G03 X+10 Y+50 *
G98 L0 *
N150
N160
N170
N180
G98 L2 *
G01 G42 X+90 Y+50 *
I+65 J+50 G03 X+90 Y+50 *
G98 L0 *
B
A
Fig. 8.21: Overlapping pockets: area of exclusion
Area of intersection
Only the area of intersection of A and B is to be
machined.
A and B must be pockets.
A must start inside B.
N110
N120
N130
N140
G98 L1 *
G01 G41 X+60 Y+50 *
I+35 J+50 G03 X+60 Y+50 *
G98 L0 *
N150
N160
N170
N180
G98 L2 *
G01 G41 X+90 Y+50 *
I+65 J+50 G03 X+90 Y+50 *
G98 L0 *
Fig. 8.22:
Overlapping pockets: area of intersection
The subprograms are used in the main program on page 8-20.
TNC 360
8-21
Cycles
8.3
SL Cycles
Subprogram: Overlapping islands

An island always requires a pocket as an additional boundary (here,
G98 L1). A pocket can also reduce several island surfaces. The starting
point of this pocket must be inside the first island. The starting points of
the remaining intersecting island contours must lie outside the pocket.
%S822I G71 *
N10
G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z20 *
N20
G31 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N30
G99 T1 L+0 R+2.5 *
N40
T1 G17 S2500 *
N50
G37 P01 2 P02 3 P03 1 *
N60
G57 P01 2 P02 10 P03 5 P04 100
P05 +0 P06 +0 P07 500 *
N70
G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M06 *
N80
X+50 Y+50 M03 *
N90
Z+2 M99 *
N100 Z+100 M02 *
N110 G98 L1 *
N120 G01 G41 X+5 Y+5 *
N130 X+95 *
N140 Y+95 *
N150 X+5 *
N160 Y+5 *
N170 G98 L0 *
N180 G98 L2 *
.
.
.
N210
N220
.
.
.
G98 L0 *
G98 L3 *
N250 G98 L0 *
N9999 %S822I G71 *
Area of inclusion
Elements A and B are to be left unmachined
including the area of overlap:
A and B must be islands.
The first island must start outside the second
island.
N180
N190
N200
N210
N220
N230
N240
N250
N9999
G98 L2 *
G01 G42 X+10 Y+50 *
I+35 Y+50 G03 X+10 Y+50 *
G98 L0 *
G98 L3 *
G01 G42 X+90 Y+50 *
I+65 J+50 G03 X+90 Y+50 *
G98 L0 *
% S822 I G71
Fig. 8.23:
Overlapping islands: area of inclusion
The supplements and subprograms are entered in the main program on page 8-22.
8-22
TNC 360
8
8.3
Cycles
SL Cycles
Area of exclusion
All of surface A is to be left unmachined except the
portion overlapped by B:
A must be an island and B a pocket.
B must start inside A.
N180
N190
N200
N210
N220
N230
N240
N250
N9999
G98 L2 *
G01 G42 X+10 Y+50 *
I+35 J+50 G03 X+10 Y+50 *
G98 L0 *
G98 L3 *
G01 G41 X+40 Y+50 *
I+65 J+50 G03 X+40 Y+50 *
G98 L0 *
S822I G71*
Fig. 8.24:
Overlapping islands: area of exclusion
Area of intersection
Only the area of intersection of A and B is to be left
unmachined.
A and B must be islands.
A must start inside B.
N180
N190
N200
N210
N220
N230
N240
N250
N9999
G98 L2 *
G01 G42 X+60 Y+50 *
I+35 J+50 G03 X+60 Y+50 *
G98 L0 *
G98 L3 *
G01 G42 X+90 Y+50 *
I+65 J+50 G03 X+90 Y+50 *
G98 L0 *
% S822I G71
Fig. 8.25:
TNC 360
Overlapping islands: area of intersection
8-23
Cycles
8.3
SL Cycles
Example: Overlapping pockets and islands
Tool: Center-cut end mill (ISO 1641),

radius 3 mm.
16
50
R
A and B (two overlapping pockets) as well as

C and D (two islands within these pockets).
16
5
R2
The contour is composed of the elements:
16
25
PGM S824I is an expansion of PGM S820I for

the inside islands C and D.
35
65

%S824I G71 *
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+0 Z20 *
N20 G31 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N30 G99 T1 L+0 R+3 *
N40 T1 G17 S2500 *
N50 G37 P01 1 P02 2 P03 3 P04 4 *
N60 G57 P01 2 P02 10 P03 5 P04 100 P05 +2 P06 +0 P07 500 *
N70 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 M06 *
N80 X+50 Y+50 M03 *
N90 Z+2 M99 *
N100 Z+100 M02 *
N110 G98 L1 *
N120 G01 G41 X+10 Y+50 *
N130 I+35 J+50 G03 X+10 Y+50 *
N140 G98 L0 *
N150 G98 L2 *
N160 G01 G41 X+90 Y+50 *
N170 I+65 J+50 G03 X+90 Y+50 *
N180 G98 L0 *
N190 G98 L3 *
N200 G01 G41 X+27 Y+42 *
N210 Y+58 *
N220 X+43 *
N230 Y+42 *
N240 X+27 *
N250 G98 L0 *
N260 G98 L4 *
N270 G01 G42 X+57 Y+42 *
N280 X+73 *
N290 X+65 Y+58 *
N300 X+57 Y+42 *
N310 G98 L0 *
N9999 %S824I G71 *
8-24
TNC 360
8
8.3
Cycles
SL Cycles
Fig. 8.26:
Milling the outlines
Fig. 8.27:
Milling completed
PILOT DRILLING G56
Process
Pilot drilling of holes for cutter infeed at the starting points of the subcontours. With SL contours that consist of several overlapping surfaces, the
cutter infeed point is the starting point of the first subcontour:
The tool is positioned above the first infeed point.
The subsequent drilling sequence is identical to that of cycle G83:
PECKING.
The tool is then positioned above the next infeed point, and the drilling
process is repeated.
X
Input data
SETUP CLEARANCE
MILLING DEPTH
PECKING DEPTH
DWELL TIME
FEED RATE
Fig. 8.28:
Identical to cycle G83

PECKING
FINISHING ALLOWANCE
Allowed material for the drilling operation (see Fig. 8.29).
The sum of tool radius and finishing allowance should be the same for
pilot drilling and roughing out.
Example of cutter infeed for

PECKING
Y
D
R
X
Fig. 8.29:
TNC 360
Finishing allowance
8-25
Cycles
8.3
SL Cycles
CONTOUR MILLING G58/G59

Cycles G58/G59 are used to finish-mill the contour pocket.
This cycle can also be used generally for milling contours.
Process
The tool is positioned above the first starting point.
The tool then penetrates at the programmed feed rate to the first
pecking depth.
On reaching the first pecking depth, the tool mills the first contour at
the programmed feed rate and in the specified direction of rotation.
At the infeed point, the tool is advanced to the next pecking depth.
This process is repeated until the programmed milling depth is reached.

The remaining subcontours are milled in the same manner.
C
B
Fig. 8.30:
Infeeds and distances for

CONTOUR MILLING
Required tool
This cycle requires a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641).
Direction of rotation for CONTOUR MILLING
With clockwise direction of rotation G58:
M3 defines climb milling for pocket and island.
With counterclockwise direction of rotation G59:
M3 defines up-cut milling for pocket and island.
Input data
SETUP CLEARANCE A
MILLING DEPTH B
PECKING DEPTH C
FEED RATE:
Y
D
X
Fig. 8.31: Finishing allowance
8-26
TNC 360
8
8.3
Cycles
SL Cycles
The following scheme illustrates the application of the cycles Pilot Drilling,
Rough-Out and Contour Milling in part programming:
1. List of contour subprograms
G37
Cycle call not required.
2. Drilling
Define and call drilling tool
G56
Pre-positioning
Cycle call required!
Fig. 8.32:
PILOT DRILLING cycle
Fig. 8.33:
ROUGH-OUT cycle
Fig. 8.34:
CONTOUR MILLING cycle
3. Rough-out
Define and call tool for rough milling
G57
Pre-positioning
4. Finishing
Define and call finish milling tool
G58/G59
Pre-positioning
5. Contour subprograms
M02 *
Subprograms for the subcontours.
TNC 360
8-27
Cycles
8.3
SL Cycles
Example: Overlapping pockets with islands

Inside machining with pilot drilling, roughing out
and finishing.
PGM S829I is based on S824I:
The main program has been expanded by the
cycle definitions and cycle calls for pilot drilling
and finishing.
The contour subprograms 1 to 4 are identical to
those in PGM S824I (see page 8-24) and are
added after block N300.

N20 G31 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N30 G99 T1 L+0 R+2.5 * ........................................... Tool definition drill
N40 G99 T2 L+0 R+3 * .............................................. Tool definition rough mill
N50 G99 T3 L+0 R+2.5 * ........................................... Tool definition finish mill
N60 L10,0 * ................................................................ Subprogram call for tool change
N70 G38 M06 * .......................................................... Stop program run
N80 T1 G17 S2500 * .................................................. Tool call drill
N90 G37 P01 1 P02 2 P03 3 P04 4 * .......................... Cycle definition CONTOUR GEOMETRY
N100 G56 P01 2 P02 10 P03 5 P04 500 P05 +2 * .. Cycle definition PILOT DRILLING
N110 Z+2 M03 *
N120 G79 * ................................................................ Cycle call PILOT DRILLING
N130 L10,0 *
N140 G38 M06 * ........................................................ Tool change
N150 T2 G17 S1750 * ................................................ Tool call rough mill
N160 G57 P01 2 P02 10 P03 5 P04 100 P05+2
P06+0 P07 500 * ........................................................ Cycle definition ROUGH-OUT
N170 Z+2 M03 *
N180 G79 * ................................................................ Cycle call ROUGH-OUT
N190 L10,0 *
N200 G38 M06 * ........................................................ Tool change
N210 T3 G17 S2500 * ................................................ Tool call finish mill
N220 G58 P01 2 P02 10 P03 10 P04 100
P05 500 * ................................................................... Cycle definition CONTOUR MILLING
N230 Z+2 M03 *
N240 G79 * ................................................................ Cycle call CONTOUR MILLING
N250 Z+100 M02 *
N260 G98 L10 * ......................................................... Subprogram for tool change
N270 T0 G17 *
N280 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 *
N290 X20 Y20 *
N300 G98 L0 *
From block N310: add the subprograms listed on page 8-24
N9999 %S829I G71 *
8-28
TNC 360
Cycles
8.4 Cycles for Coordinate Transformations

Coordinate transformations enable a programmed
contour to be changed in its position, orientation or
size. A contour can be:
shifted (DATUM SHIFT cycles G53/G54)

mirrored (MIRROR IMAGE cycle G28)
rotated (ROTATION cycle G73)
made smaller or larger
(SCALING FACTOR cycle G72)
The original contour must be identified as a subprogram or program section.

Activation of coordinate transformations
Immediate activation: A coordinate transformation
becomes effective as soon as it is defined (it does
not have to be called). The transformation remains
effective until it is changed or cancelled.
To cancel a coordinate transformation:
Define cycle for basic behavior with new values,
for example scaling factor 1.
Execute miscellaneous function M02, M30 or
block N 9999 % ... (depending on machine
parameters).
Select a new program.
TNC 360
Fig. 8.35:
Examples of coordinate transformations
8-29
Cycles
8.4
Cycles for Coordinate Transformations
DATUM SHIFT G54

Z
Application
You can repeat machining operations at various locations on the workpiece by shifting the datum.
Activation
X
When the DATUM SHIFT cycle has been defined, all coordinate data are
based on the new datum. Shifted axes are identified in the status display.
Input data
Only the coordinates of the new datum need to be entered. Absolute
values are based on the workpiece datum manually defined with datum
setting. Incremental values are based on the last valid datum; this datum
can itself be shifted.
Fig. 8.36:
Activation of the datum shift
IY
X
IX
Fig. 8.37: Datum shift, absolute
Fig. 8.38: Datum shift, incremental
Cancellation
To cancel a datum shift, enter the datum shift coordinates X = 0, Y = 0
and Z = 0.
When combining transformations, program the datum shift first.
8-30
TNC 360
8
8.4
Cycles
Example: Datum shift

A machining sequence in the form of a
subprogram is to be executed twice:
a)
b)
once, referenced to the specified datum 1

X+0/Y+0 and
a second time, referenced to the shifted
datum 2 X+40/Y+60.
15
20
25
40
20
15
60
30
25 30

N20 G31 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N40 T1 G17 S1500 * .................................................. Tool call
N50 G00 G40 G90 Z+100 * ........................................ Retract the tool
N60 L1,0 * .................................................................. Execute sequence 1 without datum shift
N70 G54 X+40 Y+60 *
N80 L1,0 * .................................................................. Execute sequence 2 with datum shift
N90 G54 X+0 Y+0 * ................................................... Cancellation of datum shift
N100 Z+100 M02 *
N110 G98 L1 *
.
.
.
N230 G98 L0 *
N9999 %S840I G71 *
TNC 360
8-31
Cycles
8.4
Subprogram:
N110 G98 L1 *
N120 X10 Y10 M03 *
N130 Z+2 *
N140 G01 Z5 F200 *
N150 G41 X+0 Y+0 *
N160 Y+20 *
N170 X+25 *
N180 X+30 Y+15 *
N190 Y+0 *
N200 X+0 *
N210 G40 X10 Y10 *
N220 G00 Z+2 *
N230 G98 L0 *
The location of the subprogram (NC block) depends on the transformation
cycle:
LBL 1
Datum shift
Mirror image, rotation, scaling
8-32
block N110
block N130
LBL 0
block N230
block N250
TNC 360
8
8.4
Cycles
MIRROR IMAGE G28

Application
This cycle makes it possible to machine the mirror

image of a contour in the working plane.
Y
X
Fig. 8.39:
MIRROR IMAGE cycle
Activation
The MIRROR IMAGE cycle becomes active as soon
as it is defined. Mirrored axes are identified in the
status display.
If one axis is mirrored, the machining direction of

the tool is reversed. This does not apply to fixed
cycles, however.
If two axes are mirrored, the machining direction
remains the same.
The mirror image depends on the location of the

datum:
If the datum is located on the mirrored contour,
the part "turns over" at that point.
If the datum is located outside the mirrored
contour, the part turns over and also "jumps" to
another location.
Fig. 8.40:
Multiple mirroring and milling direction
Input data
Enter the axis that you wish to mirror. The tool axis
cannot be mirrored.
Y
X
Cancellation
To cancel the mirror image, program G28 without
defining an axis.
Fig. 8.41:
TNC 360
Datum lies outside the mirrored contour
8-33
Cycles
8.4
Example: Mirror Image

A machining sequence (subprogram 1) is to be
executed once as originally programmed
referenced to the datum X+0/Y+0 1 and then
again referenced to X+70/Y+60 2 mirrored 3
in X.
Z
Z
Y
Y
3
X
60
20
15
70
25 30
MIRROR IMAGE cycle in a part program

N20 G31 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N40 T1 G17 S1500 * .................................................. Tool call
N60 L1,0 * .................................................................. Execute sequence 1, not mirrored
N70 G54 X+70 Y+60 * ............................................... Datum shift
N80 G28 X * ............................................................... Activate mirror image
N90 L1,0 * .................................................................. Execute sequence 2 with datum shift and mirror image
N100 G28 * ................................................................ Cancel mirror image
N110 G54 X+0 Y+0 * ................................................. Cancel datum shift
N120 Z+100 M02 *
N130 G98 L1 *
.
.
.
The subprogram is identical to the subprogram shown on page 8-32
N250 G98 L0 *
N9999 %S844I G71 *
8-34
TNC 360
8
8.4
Cycles
ROTATION G73
Application
Within a program the coordinate system can be rotated around the active
datum in the working plane.
Activation
A rotation becomes active as soon as the cycle is defined. This cycle is
also effective in the POSITIONING WITH MANUAL INPUT mode.
Reference axis for the rotation angle:
X/Y plane
Y/Z plane
Z/X plane
X axis
Y axis
Z axis
The active rotation angle is indicated in the status display.

Parallel axes U,V,W cannot be rotated.
Input data
The angle of rotation is entered in degrees ().
Entry range: 360 to +360 (absolute or incremental)
Cancellation
To cancel a rotation, enter a rotation angle of 0.
Example: Rotation
A contour (subprogram 1) is to be executed
once as originally programmed referenced
to the datum X+0/Y+0 and then executed again
referenced to X+70 Y+60 and rotated by 35.
Z
Z
X
Y
35
60
70
Continued...
TNC 360
8-35
Cycles
8.4

N20 G31 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N40 T1 G17 S1500 * .................................................. Tool call
N60 L1,0 * .................................................................. Execute sequence 1, non-rotated
N70 G54 X+70 Y+60 *
N80 G73 G90 H+35 *
N90 L1,0 * .................................................................. Execute sequence 2 with datum shift and rotation
N100 G73 G90 H+0 * ................................................. Cancel rotation
N120 Z+100 M02 *
N130 G98 L1 *
.
.
.
This subprogram is identical to the subprogram on page 8-32
N250 G98 L0 *
N9999 %S846I G71 *
The corresponding subprogram (see page 8-32) is programmed after M2.
SCALING FACTOR G72

Application
This cycle allows you to increase or reduce the size of contours within a
program, such as for shrinkage or finishing allowances.
Activation
A scaling factor becomes effective as soon as the cycle is defined. Scaling
factors can be applied
in the working plane or to all three coordinate axes at the same time
(depending on MP7410)
to the dimensions in cycles
also in the parallel axes U, V, W.
Input data
The cycle is defined by entering the scaling factor F. The TNC multiplies
the coordinates and radii by the F factor (as described under "Activation"
above).
To increase the size:
enter F greater than 1 (max. 99.999 999)
To reduce the size:
enter F smaller than 1 (down to 0.000 001)
Cancellation
To cancel a scaling factor, enter a scaling factor of 1.
Prerequisite
Before entering a scaling factor it is advisable to set the datum to an edge
or corner of the contour.
8-36
TNC 360
8
8.4
Cycles
Example: Scaling factor

A contour (subprogram 1) is to be executed
once as originally programmed referenced
to the manually set datum X+0/Y+0 and then
executed again referenced to X+60/Y+70 and
reduced by a scaling factor of 0.8.
Z
Z
Y
Y
16
12
2
70
20
15
20
24
60
25 30
SCALING FACTOR cycle in a part program

N20 G31 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 *
N40 T1 G17 S1500 * .................................................. Tool call
N60 L1,0 * .................................................................. Execute sequence 1 at original size
N70 G54 X+70 Y+60 *
N80 G72 F0.8 *
N90 L1,0 * .................................................................. Execute sequence 2 with datum shift and scaling factor
N100 G72 F1 * ........................................................... Cancel scaling factor
N120 Z+100 M02 *
N130 G98 L1 *
.
.
.
This subprogram is identical to the subprogram shown on page 8-32
N250 G98 L0 *
N9999 %S847I G71 *
The corresponding subprogram (see page 8-32) is programmed after M2.
TNC 360
8-37
Cycles
8.5 Other Cycles

DWELL TIME G04
Application
Within a running program, the execution of the next block is delayed by
the programmed dwell time.
A dwell time cycle can be used, for example, for chip breaking.
Activation
This cycle becomes effective as soon as it is defined. Modal conditions
(such as spindle rotation) are not affected.
Input data
The dwell time is programmed with G04 followed by F and the desired
dwell time in seconds.
Entry range: 0 to 30 000 s (approx. 8.3 hours) in increments of 0.001 s.
Example NC block: N135 G04 F3 *
PROGRAM CALL G39

Application and activation
Part programs such as special drilling cycles, curve milling or geometric
modules, can be written as main programs and then called for use just like
fixed cycles.
Input data
Enter the file name of the program to be called.
The program is called with
G79 (separate block) or
M99 (blockwise) or
M89 (modally)
Example: Program call
A callable program (program 50) is to be called into a program with a cycle
call.
Part program
.
.
.
G39 P01 50 ................................................................. Definition: "Program 50 is a cycle"

G00 G40 X+20 Y+50 M99 .......................................... Call of program 50
.
.
.
8-38
TNC 360
8
8.5
Cycles
Other Cycles
ORIENTED SPINDLE STOP G36

Application
The TNC can address the machine tool spindle as a 5th axis and turn it to
a certain angular position. Oriented spindle stops are required for:
Tool changing systems with a defined tool change position
Orientation of the transmitter/receiver window of the TS 511 Touch
Probe System from HEIDENHAIN.
OO
Activation
The angle of orientation defined in the cycle is positioned to with M19.
If M19 is executed without a cycle definition, the machine tool spindle will
be oriented to the angle set in the machine parameters.
Fig. 8.42:
Oriented spindle stop
Oriented spindle stops can also be programmed in machine parameters.
Prerequisite
The machine must be set up for this cycle.
Input data
Angle of orientation S (based on the angle reference axis of the working
plane)
Input range:
Input resolution:
TNC 360
0 to 360.
0.1.
8-39
The TNC features an RS-232-C data interface for

transferring data to and from other devices. It can
be used in the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING
operating mode and in a program run mode.

SELECTION = ENT/END = NOENT
PROGRAM DIRECTORY
READ-IN ALL PROGRAMS
READ-IN PROGRAM OFFERED
READ-IN SELECTED PROGRAM
READ-OUT SELECTED PROGRAM
READ-OUT ALL PROGRAMS
Possible applications:
Blockwise transfer (DNC mode)
Downloading program files into the TNC
Transferring program files from the TNC to
external storage devices
Printing files
9.1
Fig. 9.1:
Menu for external data transfer
Menu for External Data Transfer

To select external data transfer:
EXT
Menu for external data transfer appears on the screen.
Use the arrow keys to select the individual menu

options.
Function
Menu option
Display program numbers of the programs

on the storage medium
PROGRAM DIRECTORY
Transfer all programs from the storage medium

into the TNC
READ-IN ALL PROGRAMS
Display programs for transfer into the TNC
READ-IN PROGRAM OFFERED
Transfer selected program into the TNC
READ-IN SELECTED PROGRAM
Transfer selected program to an external device
READ-OUT SELECTED PROGRAM
Transfer all programs which are in TNC memory

to an external device
READ-OUT ALL PROGRAMS
Aborting data transfer

To abort a data transfer process, press END.
If you are transferring data between two TNCs, the receiving control must be started first.
Blockwise transfer
In the operating modes PROGRAM RUN/FULL SEQUENCE and SINGLE
BLOCK, it is possible to transfer programs which exceed the memory
capacity of the TNC by means of blockwise transfer with simultaneous
execution (see page 3-6).
9-2
TNC 360
9.2
Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for Data Interfaces
RS-232-C/V.24 Interface
HEIDENHAIN devices
External unit
eg. FE
GND
TXD
RXD
RTS
CTS
DSR
GND
DTR
Fig. 9.2:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
HEIDENHAIN
standard cable
3m
RS-232-C
adapter block
HEIDENHAIN
connecting cable
max. 17 m
Id.-Nr. 242 869 01
Id.-Nr. 239 758 01
Id.-Nr. 239 760..
ws/br
ws/br
gn
ge
gr
rs
bl
rt
br
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
ws/br
ws/br
ge
gn
rs
gr
br
rt
bl
X21
TNC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
GND
RXD
TXD
CTS
RTS
DTR
GND
Chassis
Receive Data
Transmit Data
Clear To Send
Request To Send
Data Terminal Ready
Signal Ground
DSR Data Set Ready
Pin layout of the RS-232-C/V.24 interface for HEIDENHAIN devices
The connecting pin layout on the TNC logic unit (X25) is different from that on the adapter block.
Non-HEIDENHAIN devices
The connector pin layout on a non-HEIDENHAIN device may differ considerably from that on a HEIDENHAIN device. The pin layout will depend on
the unit and the type of data transfer.
TNC 360
9-3
9.3
Preparing the Devices for Data Transfer
HEIDENHAIN devices
HEIDENHAIN devices (FE floppy disk unit and ME magnetic tape unit) are
designed for use with the TNC. They can be used for data transfer without
further adjustments.
Example: FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit
Connect the power cable to the FE

Connect the FE and the TNC with data transfer cable
Switch on the FE
Insert a diskette into the upper drive
Format the diskette if necessary
Set the interface (see page 10-3)
Transfer the data
The baud rate can be selected on the FE 401 floppy disk unit.
Non-HEIDENHAIN devices
The TNC and non-HEIDENHAIN devices must be adapted to each other.
Adapting a non-HEIDENHAIN device for the TNC
PC: Adapt the software
Printer: Adjust the DIP switches
Adapting the TNC for a non-HEIDENHAIN device
Set user parameter 5020.
9-4
TNC 360
10
MOD Functions
The MOD functions provide additional displays and input possibilities. The
MOD functions available depend on the selected operating mode.
Functions available in the operating modes PROGRAMMING AND EDITING and TEST RUN:
Display NC software number

Display PLC software number
Enter code number
Set the data interface
Machine-specific user parameters
Functions available in all other modes:
Display NC software number

Display PLC software number
Select position display
Select unit of measurement (mm/inch)
Select programming language
Set traverse limits
10.1 Selecting, Changing and Exiting the MOD Functions

To select the MOD functions:
Select the MOD functions.
MOD
To change the MOD functions:

Select the desired MOD function with the arrow keys.
ENT
Page through the MOD functions until you find the desired function.
Repeatedly
To exit the MOD functions:

END
Close the MOD functions.
10.2 NC and PLC Software Numbers

The software numbers of the NC and PLC are displayed in the dialog field
when the corresponding MOD function is selected.
10-2
TNC 360
10
MOD Functions
10.3 Entering the Code Number

The TNC asks for a code number before allowing access to certain
functions:
Function
Code number
Cancel erase/edit protection (status P)
86357
Select user parameters
123
Timers for:
Control ON
Program run
Spindle ON
857282
Code numbers are entered in the dialog field after the corresponding MOD
function is selected.
10.4 Setting the External Data Interfaces

Two functions are available for setting the external data interface:
BAUD RATE
RS-232 INTERFACE
Use the vertical arrow keys to select the functions.
BAUD RATE
The baud rate is the speed of data transfer in bits per second.
Permissible baud rates (enter with the numerical keys):
110, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400 baud
The ME 101 has a baud rate of 2400.
RS-232-C Interface
The proper setting depends on the connected device.
Use the ENT key to select the baud rate.
External device
RS-232-C interface =
HEIDENHAIN FE 401 and FE 401B

floppy disk units
HEIDENHAIN ME 101 magnetic tape
unit (no longer in production)
Non-HEIDENHAIN units such as printers,
tape punchers, and PCs without TNC.EXE
No transfer of data, e.g. digitizing without
transfer of the digitized data or operation
without connecting a device
TNC 360
FE
ME
EXT
empty
10-3
10
MOD Functions
10.5 Machine-Specific User Parameters

The machine tool builder can assign functions to up to 16 USER PARAMETERS. For more detailed information, refer to the operating manual for the
machine tool.
10.6 Selecting Position Display Types

2
The positions indicated in Fig. 10.1 are:
Starting position A
Target position of the tool Z
Workpiece datum W
Scale datum M
Z
4
Fig. 10.1:
Characteristic positions on the workpiece and scale
The TNC position display can show the

following coordinates:
Nominal position (the value presently
commanded by the TNC) 1 ...................................................... NOML.
Actual position (the position at which the
tool is presently located) 2 ........................................................ ACTL.
Servo lag (difference between the nominal
and actual positions) 3 .............................................................. LAG
Reference position (the actual position as
referenced to the scale datum) 4 .............................................. REF
Distance remaining to the programmed position
(difference between actual and target position) 5 .................... DIST.
Select the desired information with the ENT key. It is then displayed
directly in the status field.
10-4
TNC 360
10
MOD Functions
10.7 Selecting the Unit of Measurement

This MOD function determines whether coordinates are displayed in
millimeters or inches.
Metric system: e.g. X = 15.789 (mm)
MOD function CHANGE MM/INCH
The value is displayed with 3 places after the decimal point
Inch system: e.g. X = 0.6216 (inch)
MOD function CHANGE MM/INCH
The value is displayed with 4 places after the decimal point
10.8 Selecting the Programming Language

The MOD function PROGRAM INPUT lets you choose between programming in HEIDENHAIN plain language format and ISO format:
To program in HEIDENHAIN format:
Set the PROGRAM INPUT function to HEIDENHAIN
To program in ISO format:
Set the PROGRAM INPUT function to: ISO
TNC 360
10-5
10
MOD Functions
10.9 Setting the Axis Traverse Limits

The MOD function AXIS LIMIT allows you to set
limits to axis traverse within the machine's maximum working envelope.
Possible application:
to protect an indexing fixture from tool collision.
Z
Z
Z
max
min
The maximum traverse range is defined by software limit switches. This range can be additionally
limited through the MOD function AXIS LIMIT. With
this function you can enter the maximum traverse
positions for the positive and negative directions.
These values are referenced to the scale datum.
min
max
Y
max
min
X
Fig. 10.2:
Traverse limits on the workpiece
Working without additional traverse limits

To allow certain coordinate axes to use their full range of traverse, enter
the maximum traverse of the TNC (+/30 000 mm) as the AXIS LIMIT.
To find and enter the maximum traverse:

Select POSITION DISPLAY REF.
Move the spindle to the desired positive and negative end positions of the X, Y and Z axes.
Write down the values, noting the algebraic sign.
MOD
Select the MOD functions.
Enter the values that you wrote down as LIMITS in the corresponding axes.
END
Exit the MOD functions.
The tool radius is not automatically compensated in the axis traverse limits values.
Traverse range limits and software limit switches become active as soon as the reference marks are
crossed over.
In every axis the TNC checks whether the negative limit is smaller than the positive one.
The reference positions can also be captured directly with the function "Actual Position Capture"
(see page 4-20).
10-6
TNC 360
11
11.1 General User Parameters

General user parameters are machine parameters which affect the
behavior of the TNC. These parameters set such things as:
Dialog language
Interface behavior
Traversing speeds
Machining sequences
Effect of the overrides
Selecting the general user parameters

General user parameters are selected with code number 123 in the MOD
functions.
MOD functions also include machine-specific user parameters.
Parameters for external data transfer

These parameters define control characters for blockwise transfer.
Input values:
Number between 0 and 32 382

(ASCII character with 16-bit coding)
Note:
The character defined here for end of program is also valid for the setting
of the standard interface.
MP5010
11-2
Function
MP
Bit
End of program
Beginning of program
5010.0 .................................................................................. 0 to 7
5010.0 .................................................................................. 8 to 15
Data input
Data output
5010.1 .................................................................................. 0 to 15
5010.2 .................................................................................. 0 to 15
Beginning of command block

End of command block
5010.3 .................................................................................. 0 to 7
5010.3 .................................................................................. 8 to 15
Positive acknowledgment
Negative acknowledgment
5010.4 .................................................................................. 0 to 7
5010.4 .................................................................................. 8 to 15
End of data transfer
5010.5 .................................................................................. 0 to 15
TNC 360
11
Integrating the TNC interfaces to external devices:

Data format and transmission stop
Input value: number between 0 and 255
The entry value is the sum of the individual values.
MP5020
Function
Selections
Value
Number of data bits
7
8
Block Check Character (BCC)
BCC can be any character ............................................................ +0

BCC control character not allowed ............................................... +2
Transmission stop with RTS
Active ........................................................................................... +4
Inactive ......................................................................................... +0
Transmission stop with DC3
Active ........................................................................................... +8
Inactive ......................................................................................... +0
Character parity
Even ............................................................................................. +0
Odd ............................................................................................. +16
Character parity
Not desired ................................................................................... +0

Desired ....................................................................................... +32
Number of stop bits
11/2
2
1
1
data bits (ASCII code, 8th bit = parity) .................................... +0

data bits (ASCII code, 9th bit = parity) .................................... +1
stop bits ................................................................................ +0

stop bits .............................................................................. +64
stop bit .............................................................................. +128
stop bit .............................................................................. +192
Example
To adapt the TNC interface to an external nonHEIDENHAIN device, use the following setting:
8 data bits, BCC any character, transmission stop with DC3, even character parity, character parity desired, 2 stop bits.
Input value:
1+0+8+0+32+64 = 105, so enter 105 for MP 5020.
Interface type
MP5030
TNC 360
Function
Selections
Value
Interface type
Standard .......................................................................................... 0
Interface for blockwise transfer ...................................................... 1
11-3
11
Parameters for 3D touch probes

Signal transmission type
MP6010
Function
Value
Cable transmission ........................................................................................................................................... 0

Infrared transmission ....................................................................................................................................... 1
Traversing behavior of touch probe

Parameter
Function
Value
MP6120
Probing feed rate in mm/min ............................................................... 80 to 30 000
MP6130
Maximum measuring range to first scanning point in mm .................... 0 to 30 000
MP6140
Safety clearance over probing point

during automatic probing, in mm ........................................................... 0 to 30 000
MP6150
Rapid traverse for probe cycle in mm/min ........................................... 80 to 30 000
Parameters for TNC displays and the editor

Programming station
MP7210
Function
Value
TNC with machine ........................................................................................................................................... 0

TNC as programming station with active PLC ................................................................................................. 1
TNC as programming station with inactive PLC .............................................................................................. 2
11-4
TNC 360
11
Block number increment with ISO programming
MP7220
Function
Value
Block number increment ...................................................................................................................... 0 to 255
Dialog language
MP7230
Function
Value
National dialog language .................................................................................................................................. 0

Dialog language English (standard) .................................................................................................................. 1
Edit-protect OEM cycles

For protection against editing of programs whose program number is the
same as an OEM cycle number.
MP7240
Function
Value
Edit-protect OEM cycles .................................................................................................................................. 0

No edit protection of OEM cycles ................................................................................................................... 1
Defining a tool table (program 0)

Input: numerical value
TNC 360
Parameter
Function
Value
MP7260
Total number of tools in the table ......................................... 0 to 99
MP7261
Number of tools with pocket numbers ................................. 0 to 99
MP 7264
Number of reserved pockets next to special tools ................. 0 to 3
11-5
11
Settings for MANUAL OPERATION mode

Entry values 0 to 3:
Sum of the individual values from the value column.
MP7270
Function
Selections
Value
Display feed rate in manual mode
Display feed rate .......................................................................... +1

Do not display feed rate ............................................................... +0
Spindle speed S and M functions

still active after STOP
S and M still active ....................................................................... +0

S and M no longer active .............................................................. +2
Decimal character
MP7280
Function
Value
Decimal point ................................................................................................................................................... 1

Decimal comma ............................................................................................................................................... 0
11-6
TNC 360
11
Display steps for coordinate axes
MP7290
Function
Value
Display step 0.001 mm .................................................................................................................................... 0

Display step 0.005 mm .................................................................................................................................... 1
Q parameters and status display
MP7300
Function
Selections
Value
Q parameters and status display
Do not erase ................................................................................. +0

Erase with M02, M30 and N9999 ................................................ +1
Last programmed tool after

power interruption
Do not activate ............................................................................. +0

Activate ........................................................................................ +4
Graphics display
Entry range: 0 to 3 (sum of the individual values)
MP7310
Function
Selections
Value
View in 3 planes
according to ISO 6433, Part 1
Projection method 1 .................................................................... +0

Projection method 2 .................................................................... +1
Rotate coordinate system

by 90 in the working plane
Rotate ........................................................................................... +2
Do not rotate ................................................................................ +0
Parameters for machining and program run

Effect of cycle G72 SCALING
MP7410
Function
Value
SCALING effective in 3 axes ............................................................................................................................ 0

SCALING effective in the working plane ......................................................................................................... 1
MP7411 Tool compensation data in the TOUCH PROBE block

Function
Value
Overwrite current tool data with the calibrated data of the touch probe ......................................................... 0
Retain current tool data .................................................................................................................................... 1
TNC 360
11-7
11
Behavior of machining cycles

This general user parameter affects pocket milling.
Entry value: 0 to 15 (sum of the individual values in the value column)
MP7420
Function
Selections
Value
Milling direction for a

channel around the contour
Clockwise for pockets, counterclockwise for islands .................. +1

Counterclockwise for pockets, clockwise for islands .................. +0
Sequence of roughing out and

channel milling
First mill contour channel, then rough out .................................... +0

First rough out, then mill contour channel .................................... +2
Merge contours
Merge compensated contours ..................................................... +0

Merge uncompensated contours ................................................. +4
Milling in depth
At each pecking depth, mill channel and rough out

before going to next depth ........................................................... +8
Mill contour channel to full pocket depth, then
rough out to full pocket depth ...................................................... +0
Overlapping with pocket milling

Overlap factor with pocket milling:
product of MP7430 and the tool radius
MP7430
Function
Value
Overlap factor for pockets ............................................................................................................. 0.1 to 1 414
Effect of M functions
The M functions M6 and M89 are influenced by MP 7440:
Entry range: 0 to 7
(Sum of the individual values in the value column)
MP7440
11-8
Function
Selections
Value
Programmable stop with M06
Program stop with M06 ............................................................... +0

No program stop with M06 .......................................................... +1
Modal cycle call with M89
Modal cycle call with M89 ........................................................... +2

M89 vacant M function ................................................................ +0
Axes are stopped when

M function is carried out
Axis stop with M functions .......................................................... +4

No axis stop .................................................................................. +0
TNC 360
11
Safety limit for machining corners at constant path speed

Corners whose inside angle is less than the entered value are no longer
machined at constant path speed with M90.
MP7460
Function
Value
Maintain constant path speed at inside corners for angles of (degrees) ...................................... 0 to 179.999
Coordinate display for rotary axis
MP7470
Function
Value
Angle display up to 359.999 ........................................................................................................................ 0

Angle display up to 30 000 .......................................................................................................................... 1
Parameters for override behavior and electronic handwheel

Override
Entry range: 0 to 7 (sum of the individual values in the value column)
MP7620
TNC 360
Function
Selections
Value
Feed rate override when rapid traverse

key pressed in program run mode
Override effective ............................................................. +1

Override not effective ....................................................... +0
Feed rate override when rapid traverse key

and machine axis direction button pressed
Override effective ............................................................. +4

Override not effective ....................................................... +0
Increments for overrides
1% increments ................................................................. +0
0.01% increments ............................................................ +8
11-9
11
Setting the TNC for handwheel operation

Entry range: 0 to 5
MP7640
Function
Value
No handwheel .................................................................................................................................................. 0
HR 330 with additional keys the keys for traverse direction
and rapid traverse are evaluated by the NC ..................................................................................................... 1
HR 130 without additional keys ....................................................................................................................... 2
HR 330 with additional keys the keys for traverse direction
and rapid traverse are evaluated by the PLC ................................................................................................... 3
HR 332 with 12 additional keys ....................................................................................................................... 4
Multi-axis handwheel with additional keys ...................................................................................................... 5
11-10
TNC 360
11
11.2 Miscellaneous Functions (M Functions)

Miscellaneous functions with predetermined effect
M
Function
Effective at
start of
block
end of
block
M00
Stop program run / Spindle stop / Coolant off
M02
Stop program run / Spindle stop / Coolant off. Clear the status display
(depending on machine parameter) / Return to block 1
M03
Spindle on clockwise
M04
Spindle on counterclockwise
M05
Spindle stop
M06
Tool change / Stop program run (depending on machine parameter) / Spindle

stop
M08
Coolant on
M09
Coolant off
M13
Spindle on clockwise / Coolant on
M14
Spindle on counterclockwise / Coolant on
M30
Same function as M02
M89
Vacant miscellaneous function
or
Cycle call, modally effective (depending on machine parameter)
TNC 360
M90
Smoothing corners
M91
Within the positioning block:

Coordinates are referenced to the machine datum
M92

Coordinates are referenced to a position defined by the
machine tool builder (such as a tool change position)
M93

Coordinates are referenced to the current tool position.
Effective in blocks with R0, R+, R
M94
Reduce display of rotary axis to a value under 360
M95
Reserved
M96
Reserved
M97
Machine small contour steps
M98
Completely machine open contours
M99
Blockwise cycle call
11-11
11
11.2 Miscellaneous Functions (M Functions)
Vacant miscellaneous functions

Vacant M functions are defined by the machine tool builder. They are
described in the operating manual of your machine tool.
Effect of vacant miscellaneous functions
Function
Effective at
start of
block
M01
M07
M11
M12
Effective at
M50
M51
M53
M54
M55
M16
M56
M17
M57
M18
M58
M59
end of
block
M52
M15
M19
M20
M60
M21
M61
M22
M62
M23
M63
M24
M64
M25
M65
M26
M66
M27
M67
M28
M68
M29
M69
M31
M70
M32
M71
M33
M72
M34
M73
M35
11-12
Function
start of
block
end of
block
M10
M74
M36
M75
M37
M76
M38
M77
M39
M78
M40
M79
M41
M80
M42
M81
M43
M82
M44
M83
M45
M84
M46
M85
M47
M86
M48
M87
M49
M88
TNC 360
11
11.3 Preassigned Q Parameters

The Q parameters Q100 to Q113 are assigned values by the TNC. Such
values include:
Values from the PLC
Tool and spindle data
Data on operating status, etc.
Values from the PLC: Q100 to Q107
The TNC uses the parameters Q100 to Q107 to transfer values from the
PLC to an NC program.
Tool radius: Q108
The radius of the current tool is assigned to Q108.
Tool axis: Q109
The value of parameter Q109 depends on the current tool axis.
Tool axis
Parameter value
No tool axis defined

Z axis
Y axis
X axis
Q109
Q109
Q109
Q109
= 1
= 2
= 1
= 0
Spindle status: Q110

The value of Q110 depends on the M function last programmed for the
spindle.
M function
Parameter value
No spindle status defined

M03: Spindle on clockwise
M04: Spindle on counterclockwise
M05 after M03
M05 after M04
Q110
Q110
Q110
Q110
Q110
= 1
= 0
= 1
= 2
= 3
Coolant on/off: Q111
TNC 360
M function
Parameter value
M08: Coolant on
M09: Coolant off
Q111 =
Q111 =
1
0
11-13
11
11.3 Preassigned Q Parameters
Overlap factor: Q112

The overlap factor for pocket milling (MP 7430) is assigned to Q112.
Unit of measurement: Q113

The value of parameter Q113 specifies whether the highest-level NC
program (for nesting with %) is programmed in millimeters or inches.
After NC start, Q113 is set as follows:
Unit of measurement (main program)
Parameter value
Millimeters
Inches
Q113 =
Q113 =
0
1
Current tool length: Q114

The current value of the tool length is assigned to Q114.
Coordinates from probing during program run

Parameters Q115 to Q118 are assigned the coordinates of the spindle
position upon probing during a programmed measurement with the 3D
touch probe. The length and radius of the stylus are not compensated for
these coordinates.
Coordinate axis
Parameter
X axis
Y axis
Z axis
IV axis
Q115
Q116
Q117
Q118
Current tool radius compensation

The current tool radius compensation is assigned to parameter Q123 as
follows:
11-14
Current tool compensation
Parameter value
R0
RL
RR
R+
R
Q123 = 0
Q123 = 1
Q123 = 2
Q123 = 3
Q123 = 4
TNC 360
11
11.4 Diagrams for Machining

Spindle speed S
The spindle speed S can be calculated from the tool radius R and the
cutting speed v as follows:
S =
V
2 . R .
Units:
S in
V in
R in
rpm
m/min
mm
You can read the spindle speed directly from the diagram.
Example:
Tool radius
Cutting speed
Spindle speed
R = 15 mm
V = 50 m/min
S 500 rpm
(calculated S = 497 rpm)
Tool radius
R [mm]
Cutting velocity
V [m/min]
TNC 360
11-15
11
Feed rate F
The feed rate F of the tool is calculated from the number of tool teeth n,
the permissible depth of cut per tooth d, and the spindle speed S:
F= n.d.S
Units:
F
d
S
in
in
in
mm/min
mm
rpm
The feed rate read from the diagram must be multiplied by the number of
tool teeth.
Example:
Depth of cut per tooth
Spindle speed
Feed rate from diagram
Number of tool teeth
Feed rate to enter
d
S
F
n
F
=
=
=
=
=
0.1 mm
500 rpm
50 mm/min
6
300 mm/min
The diagram provides approximate values and assumes the following:

Downfeed in the tool axis = 0.5 . R and the tool is cutting through solid metal, or
Lateral metal-to-air ratio = 0.25 . R and downfeed in the tool axis = R
Depth of cut per tooth

d [mm]
Spindle speed
S [rpm]
11- 16
TNC 360
11
Feed rate F for tapping

The feed rate for tapping F is calculated from the thread pitch p and the
spindle speed S:
F = p.S
Units:
F
p
S
in
in
in
mm/min
mm/1
rpm
The feed rate for tapping can be read directly from the diagram below.
Example:
Thread pitch
Spindle speed
Feed rate for tapping
p = 1 mm/rev
S = 100 rpm
F = 100 mm/min
Thread pitch
p [mm/rev]
Spindle speed
S [rpm]
TNC 360
11-17
11
11.5 Features, Specifications and Accessories

TNC 360
Description
Contouring control for up to 4 axes, with oriented spindle stop.
Components
Logic unit, keyboard, monochrome flat luminescent screen or CRT.
Data interface
RS-232-C / V.24
Simultaneous axis control for contour elements
Straight lines up to
Circles in
Helices
3 axes
2 axes
3 axes
Background programming
For editing one part program while the TNC is running another.
Test run
Internally and with test run graphics.
Program types
HEIDENHAIN plain language format and ISO programs
Tool table (program 0)
Program memory
Battery-buffered for up to 32 programs
Capacity: approximately 4000 program blocks
Tool definitions
Up to 254 tools in one program or up to 99 tools in the tool table
(program 0).
11-18
TNC 360
11
Programmable Functions
Contour elements
Straight line, chamfer, circular arc, circle center, circle radius, tangentially
connecting arc, corner rounding.
Program jumps
Subprogram, program section repeat, main program as subprogram.
Fixed cycles
Pecking, tapping (also with synchronized spindle), rectangular and circular
pocket milling, slot milling, milling pockets and islands from a list of
subcontour elements.
Coordinate transformations
Datum shift, mirroring, rotation, scaling factor.
Probing functions for measuring and datum setting, digitizing 3D surfaces
(optional, only available with HEIDENHAIN plain language programming).
Mathematical functions
Basic operations +, , . and %, trigonometric functions
sin, cos, tan and arctan.
Square roots ( a ) and root sum of squares ( a2 + b2 ).
Logical comparisons greater than, smaller than, equal to, not equal to.
TNC Specifications
TNC 360
Block execution time
1500 blocks/min (40 ms per block)
Control loop cycle time
6 ms
Data transfer rate
Max. 38400 baud
Ambient temperature
0C to 45C (operation)
30C to 70C (storage)
Traverse
Max. 30 m (1181 inches)
Traversing speed
Max. 30 m/min (1181 ipm)
Spindle speed
Max. 99 999 rpm
Input resolution
As fine as 1 m (0.0001 in.) or 0.001
11-19
11
Accessories
FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit
Description
Portable bench-top unit
Applications
All TNC contouring controls,

TNC 131, TNC 135
Data interfaces
Two RS-232-C interface ports
Data transfer rate
TNC :
PRT :
Diskette drives
Two drives, one for copying,

capacity 795 kilobytes (approx.
25 000 blocks), up to 256 files
Diskette type
3.5", DS DD, 135 TPI
2400 to 38400 baud

110 to 9600 baud
Triggering 3D Touch Probes

Description
Touch probe system with ruby tip

and stylus with rated break point,
standard shank for spindle insertion
Models
TS 120: Cable transmission,

integrated interface
TS 511: Infrared transmission,
separate transmitting
and receiving units
Spindle insertion
TS 120: manual
TS 511: automatic
Probing reproducibility
Better than 1 m (0.000 04 in.)
Probing speed
Max. 3 m/min (118 ipm)
Electronic Handwheels
11-20
HR 130
Integrable unit
HR 330
Portable version with cable

transmission, equipped with
axis address keys, rapid traverse
key, safety switch, emergency
stop button.
TNC 360
11
11.6 TNC Error Messages

The TNC automatically generates error messages when it detects such
things as
Incorrect data input

Logical errors in the program
Contour elements that are impossible to machine
Incorrect use of the touch probe system
An error message containing a program block number was caused by an

error in that block or in the preceding block. To clear an error message,
first correct the problem and then press the CE key.
Some of the more frequent error messages are explained in the following
list.
TNC error messages during programming

BLOCK NUMBER ALLOCATED
Assign a new block number with N that has not been used yet in the program.
ENTRY VALUE INCORRECT

Enter a correct LABEL number.
Press the correct key.
EXT. IN-/OUTPUT NOT READY

The external device is not correctly connected.
FURTHER PROGRAM ENTRY IMPOSSIBLE

Erase some old files to make room for new ones.
JUMP TO LABEL 0 NOT PERMITTED

Do not program L 0,0.
LABEL NUMBER ALLOCATED

Label numbers can only be assigned once.
TNC 360
11-21
11
TNC error messages during test run and program run

ANGLE REFERENCE MISSING
Define the arc and its end points unambiguously.
If you enter polar coordinates, define the polar coordinate angle correctly.
ARITHMETICAL ERROR
You have attempted to calculate with illegal values.
Define values within the range limits.
Choose probe positions for the 3D touch probe that are farther separated.
Calculations must be mathematically possible.
AXIS DOUBLE PROGRAMMED

Each axis can only have one value for position coordinates.
BLK FORM DEFINITION INCORRECT

Program the MIN and MAX points according to the instructions.
Choose a ratio of sides less than 84:1.
When programming with %, copy G30/G31 into the main program.
CHAMFER NOT PERMITTED

A chamfer block must be inserted between two straight line blocks
with the same radius compensation.
Do not change the program during program run.
Do not edit the program while it is transferred or executed.
CIRCLE END POS. INCORRECT

Enter complete information for tangential arcs.
Enter end points that lie on the circular path.
CYCL INCOMPLETE
Define the cycle with all data in the proper sequence.

Do not call coordinate transformation cycles.
Define a cycle before calling it.
Enter a pecking depth other than 0.
EXCESSIVE SUBPROGRAMMING
Conclude subprograms with G98 L0.
Program subprogram calls without repetition (L ..,0).
Program a call for program section repeats to include the repetitions
(L ..,5).
Subprograms cannot call themselves.
Subprograms cannot be nested in more than 8 levels.
Main programs cannot be nested as subprograms in more than 4
levels.
11-22
TNC 360
11
FEED RATE IS MISSING

Enter the feed rate for the positioning block.
Enter FMAX in each block.
GROSS POSITIONING ERROR

The TNC monitors positions and movements. If the actual position
deviates to greatly from the nominal position, this blinking error message
is displayed. Press the END key for a few seconds to correct this error
(warm start).
KEY NON-FUNCTIONAL
This message always appears when you press a key that is not needed for
the current dialog.
LABEL NUMBER NOT ALLOCATED

You can only call labels numbers that have been assigned.
PATH OFFSET WRONGLY ENDED

Do not cancel tool radius compensation in a block with a circular
path.
PATH OFFSET WRONGLY STARTED

Use the same radius compensation before and after a G24 and G25
block.
Do not begin tool radius compensation in a block with a circular path.
PGM SECTION CANNOT BE SHOWN

Enter a smaller tool radius.
Movements in a rotary axis cannot be graphically simulated.
Enter a tool axis for simulation that is the same as the axis in block
G30.
PLANE WRONGLY DEFINED

Do not change the tool axis while a basic rotation is active.
Define the main axes for circular arcs correctly.
Define both main axes for I, J, K.
PROBE SYSTEM NOT READY

Orient transmitting/receiving window of TS 511 to face receiving unit.
Check whether the touch probe is ready for operation.
PROGRAM-START UNDEFINED
Program the first traverse block with G00 G90 G40 (tool must be called
previously).
Do not resume an interrupted program at a block with a tangential arc
or pole transfer.
TNC 360
11-23
11
RADIUS COMPENSATION UNDEFINED

Enter radius compensation in the first subprogram to cycle G37:
CONTOUR GEOM.
ROUNDING OFF NOT DEFINED

Enter tangentially connecting arcs and rounding arcs correctly.
ROUNDING RADIUS TOO LARGE

Rounding arcs must fit between contour elements.
SELECTED BLOCK NOT ADDRESSED

Before a test run or program run you must go to the beginning of the
program by entering GOTO 0.
STYLUS ALREADY IN CONTACT

Before probing, pre-position the stylus so that it is not touching the
workpiece surface.
TOOL RADIUS TOO LARGE

Enter a tool radius that
lies within the given limits, and
permits the contour elements to be calculated and machined.
TOUCH POINT INACCESSIBLE

Pre-position the 3D touch probe to a point nearer the surface.
WRONG AXIS PROGRAMMED
Do not attempt to program locked axes.

Program a rectangular pocket or slot in the working plane.
Do not mirror rotary axes.
Chamfer length must be positive.
WRONG RPM
Program a spindle speed within the permissible range.
WRONG SIGN PROGRAMMED

Enter the correct sign for the cycle parameter.
11-24
TNC 360
11
11.7 Address letters (ISO programming)

G Functions
Effective Refer to
blockwise
page
Group
Function
Positioning functions
00
01
02
03
05
06
07
10
11
12
13
15
16
04
28
36
37
39
54
56
57
58
59
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
83
84
85
Linear interpolation, Cartesian coordinates, at rapid traverse

Linear interpolation, Cartesian coordinates
Circular interpolation, Cartesian coordinates, clockwise
Circular interpolation, Cartesian coordinates, counterclockwise
Circular interpolation, Cartesian coordinates, no direction of rotation defined
Circular interpolation, Cartesian coordinates, tangential connection
Single axis positioning block
Linear interpolation, polar coordinates, at rapid traverse
Linear interpolation, polar coordinates
Circular interpolation, polar coordinates, clockwise
Circular interpolation, polar coordinates, counterclockwise
Circular interpolation, polar coordinates, no direction of rotation defined
Circular interpolation, polar coordinates, tangential connection
Dwell time
Mirror image
Oriented spindle stop
Definition of the pocket contour
Cycle for program call, cycle call with G79
Datum shift in a part program
Pilot drilling contour pockets (combined with G37)
Roughing out contour pockets (combined with G37)
Contour milling, clockwise (combined with G37)
Contour milling, counterclockwise (combined with G37)
Scaling factor
Rotation of the coordinate system
Slot milling
Rectangular pocket milling, clockwise
Rectangular pocket milling, counterclockwise
Circular pocket milling, clockwise
Circular pocket milling, counterclockwise
Pecking
Tapping with a floating tap holder
Rigid tapping
79
Cycle call
17
18
19
20
24
25
26
27
Select plane XY, tool axis Z

Select plane ZX, tool axis Y
Select plane YZ, tool axis X
Tool axis IV
Chamfer with chamfer length R
Corner rounding with radius R
Smooth approach of a contour with radius R
Smooth departure from a contour with radius R
*
*
*
*
29
Define the last programmed position as a pole
30
31
Define the blank form for graphic simulation, MIN point

Define the blank form for graphic simulation, MAX point
38
40
41
42
43
44
Stop program run

No tool compensation (R0)
Tool radius compensation, tool traverse to the left of the contour (RL)
Tool radius compensation, tool traverse to the right of the contour (RR)
Lengthening single-axis movements (R+)
Shortening single-axis movements (R)
50
51
55
Edit protection at the beginning of a program

Next tool number (with central tool memory)
Touch probe function
Unit of measurement
70
71
Unit of measurement: Inches (at beginning of program)

Unit of measurement: Millimeters (at beginning of program)
Definition of positions
90
91

98
Assigning a label number
99
Tool definition
Cycles
Selecting the
working plane
Chamfers
Corner rounding
Approaching and departing
a contour
Definition of the
workpiece blank
Traverse with/without
radius compensation
TNC 360
*
*
*
*
5-10
5-10
5-18
5-18
5-18
5-24
5-41
5-28
5-28
5-30
5-30
5-30
5-32
8-38
8-33
8-39
8-26
8-3
8-30
8-25
8-17
8-26
8-26
8-36
8-35
8-9
8-11
8-11
8-13
8-13
8-4
8-6
8-8
8-3
5-16
5-16
5-16
5-16
5-13
5-26
5-6
5-6
5-28
4-14
4-14
3-4
4-12
4-12
4-12
4-12
4-12
1-20
4-9
7-17
4-14
4-14
1-11
1-11
6-2
4-7
11-25
11
11.7 Address letters (ISO programming)
Other address letters
11-26
Address
letter
Function
Begin program or call program with G39
A
B
C
Rotate around the X axis

Rotate around the Y axis
Rotate around the Z axis
Parameter definition (program parameter Q)
F
F
F
Feed rate
Dwell time with G04
Scaling factor with G72
Traversing conditions
H
H
Polar angle in chain dimensions/absolute dimensions

Rotation angle with G73
I
J
K
X coordinate of circle center/pole

Y coordinate of circle center/pole
Z coordinate of circle center/pole
L
L
L
Assign a label number with G98

Jump to a label number
Tool length with G99
Help functions
Block number
P
P
Cycle parameters in fixed cycles

Parameters in parameter definitions
Program parameter/Cycle parameter Q
R
R
R
R
R
Polar radius
Circle radius with G02/G03/G05
Rounding radius with G25/G26/G27
Chamfer side length with G24
Tool radius with G99
S
S
Spindle speed
Oriented spindle stop with G36
T
T
Tool definition with G99

Tool call
U
V
W
Linear movement parallel to the X axis

Linear movement parallel to the Y axis
Linear movement parallel to the Z axis
X
Y
Z
X axis
Y axis
Z axis
End of block
TNC 360
11
11.7 Address Letters (ISO programming)
Parameter definitions
TNC 360
Function
00
Assign
7-3
01
02
03
04
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
7-5
7-5
7-5
7-5
05
Square root
7-5
06
07
Sine
Cosine
7-7
7-7
08
Root sum of squares (c =
09
10
11
12
If equal, jump
If not equal, jump
If greater than, jump
If less than, jump
7-8
7-8
7-8
7-8
13
Angle (calculated from c . sin and c . cos )
7-7
14
Error number
7-11
15
Print
7-11
19
Assign values for the PLC
7-11
Refer to page
a2 + b2)
7-7
11-27
11
Miscellaneous Functions (M Functions)

Miscellaneous functions with predetermined effect
M
Function
Effective at
start of
block
end of
block
M00
Stop program run / Spindle stop / Coolant off
M02
Stop program run / Spindle stop / Coolant off. Clear the status display (depending on machine parameter) / Return to block 1
M03
Spindle on clockwise
M04
Spindle on counterclockwise
M05
Spindle stop
M06
Tool change / Stop program run (depending on machine parameter) / Spindle

stop
M08
Coolant on
M09
Coolant off
M13
Spindle on clockwise / Coolant on
M14
Spindle on counterclockwise / Coolant on
M30
Same function as M02
M89
Vacant miscellaneous function
or
Cycle call, modally effective (depending on machine parameter)
11-28
M90
Smoothing corners
M91

Coordinates are referenced to the machine datum
M92

Coordinates are referenced to a position defined by the
machine tool builder (such as a tool change position)
M93

Coordinates are referenced to the current tool position.
Effective in blocks with R0, R+, R
M94
Limit display of rotary axis to value under 360
M95
Reserved
M96
Reserved
M97
Machine small contour steps
M98
Completely machine open contours
M99
Blockwise cycle call
TNC 360

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What are some of the programming functions addressed in the document?

What are some of the programming functions addressed in the document?

What are some of the operating modes described?

What are some of the operating modes described?

HEIDENHAIN

Keys and Controls on the TNC 360

Controls on the Visual Display Unit

Address Letters for ISO Programming

Assign a label number with G98/

Tool definition with G99/

Machine Operating Modes

Set a datum with the 3D touch probe system

PROGRAM RUN, FULL SEQUENCE

Select programs and files

Delete programs and files

Enter program call in a program

Select or enter coordinate axes

External data transfer

Moving the Cursor and Selecting Blocks, Cycles

Ignore dialog queries, delete words

Confirm entry and resume dialog

Move the cursor (highlight)

Go directly to blocks, cycles and

Graphic operating modes

Define blank form, reset blank form

Start graphic simulation

Clear numerical entry

Set workpiece datum

Determine spindle speeds

Traverse reference marks

Set the datum /

... with the 3D touch probe

... without the 3D touch probe

Entering and testing part programs

Enter part program

Test part program for errors

Test run: Run program

Machining the workpiece

Insert tool and

Sequence of Program Steps

1 Create or select program

11 Retract tool in spindle axis

9 Machining to last contour point

How to use this manual

Layout of the dialog flowcharts

DIALOG PROMPT (ON TNC SCREEN)

The functions of the keys are explained here.

Answer the prompt with

NEXT DIALOG QUESTION

Function of an alternative key.

A dashed line means that either

Or press this key

The trail of dots indicates that:

the dialog is not fully shown, or

Contents User's Manual

The TNC 360 .......................................................................................... 1-2

Fundamentals of Numerical Control (NC) .......................................... 1-6

Switch-On ........................................................................................... 1-14