Cstrtqela 8

G R A D E
CA L I F O R N I A S TA N DA R D S T E S T
EnglishLanguage Arts
Released Test Questions
Introduction - Grade 8 EnglishLanguage Arts
The following released test questions are taken from the Grade 8 EnglishLanguage Arts Standards Test. This
test is one of the California Standards Tests administered as part of the Standardized Testing and Reporting
(STAR) Program under policies set by the State Board of Education.
All questions on the California Standards Tests are evaluated by committees of content experts, including
teachers and administrators, to ensure their appropriateness for measuring the California academic content
standards in Grade 8 EnglishLanguage Arts. In addition to content, all items are reviewed and approved to
ensure their adherence to the principles of fairness and to ensure no bias exists with respect to characteristics
such as gender, ethnicity, and language.
This document contains released test questions from the California Standards Test forms in 2003, 2004, 2005,
2006, 2007, and 2008. First on the pages that follow are lists of the standards assessed on the Grade 8 English
Language Arts Test. Next are released passages and test questions. Following the questions is a table that gives
the correct answer for each question, the content standard that each question is measuring, and the year each
question last appeared on the test.
The following table lists each strand/reporting cluster, the number of items that appear on the exam, and the
number of released test questions that appear in this document.
NUMBER OF
QUESTIONS
ON EXAM
NUMBER OF
RELEASED
TEST QUESTIONS
11
Reading Comprehension
18
27
Literary Response and Analysis
15
23
Writing Strategies
17
25
Written Conventions
16
28
TOTAL
75
114
STRAND/REPORTING CLUSTER
Word Analysis
In selecting test questions for release, three criteria are used: (1) the questions adequately cover a selection of
the academic content standards assessed on the Grade 8 EnglishLanguage Arts Test; (2) the questions
demonstrate a range of difficulty; and (3) the questions present a variety of ways standards can be assessed.
These released test questions do not reflect all of the ways the standards may be assessed. Released test
questions will not appear on future tests.
For more information about the California Standards Tests, visit the California Department of Educations
Web site at http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/tg/sr/resources.asp.
1
This is a sample of California Standards Test questions. This is NOT an operational test form. Test scores cannot be projected
based on performance on released test questions. Copyright 2009 California Department of Education.
G R A D E
READING
The Reading portion of the Grade 8 California EnglishLanguage Arts Standards Test has three strands/
reporting clusters: Word Analysis, Reading Comprehension, and Literary Response and Analysis. Each of
these strands/clusters is described below.
The Word Analysis Strand/Cluster

The following three California EnglishLanguage Arts content standards are included in the Word Analysis
strand/cluster and are represented in this booklet by 11 test questions for grade 8. These questions represent
only some ways in which these standards may be assessed on the Grade 8 California EnglishLanguage Arts
Standards Test.
8RW1.0 WORD ANALYSIS, FLUENCY, AND SYSTEMATIC VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT:
Students use their knowledge of word origins and word relationships, as well as
historical and literary context clues, to determine the meaning of specialized
vocabulary and to understand the precise meaning of grade-level appropriate words.
8RW1.1
Vocabulary and Concept Development: Analyze idioms, analogies, metaphors, and

similes to infer the literal and figurative meanings of phrases.
8RW1.2 Vocabulary and Concept Development: Understand the most important points in the
history of English language and use common word origins to determine the historical
influences on English word meanings.
8RW1.3 Vocabulary and Concept Development: Use word meanings within the appropriate
context and show ability to verify those meanings by definition, restatement, example,
comparison, or contrast.
2
G R A D E

The Reading Comprehension Strand/Cluster
The following seven California EnglishLanguage Arts content standards are included in the Reading
Comprehension strand/cluster and are represented in this booklet by 27 test questions for grade 8. These
questions represent only some ways in which these standards may be assessed on the Grade 8 California
EnglishLanguage Arts Standards Test.
8RC2.0 READING COMPREHENSION (FOCUS ON INFORMATIONAL MATERIALS): Students
read and understand grade-level-appropriate material. They describe and connect the
essential ideas, arguments, and perspectives of the text by using their knowledge of
text structure, organization, and purpose. The selections in Recommended Readings
in Literature, Kindergarten Through Grade Eight illustrate the quality and complexity
of the materials to be read by students. In addition, students read one million words
annually on their own, including a good representation of narrative and expository
text (e.g., classic and contemporary literature, magazines, newspapers, online
information).
8RC2.1 Structural Features of Informational Materials: Compare and contrast the features and
elements of consumer materials to gain meaning from documents (e.g., warranties,
contracts, product information, instruction manuals).
8RC2.2
Structural Features of Informational Materials: Analyze text that uses proposition and
support patterns.
8RC2.3
Comprehension and Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Find similarities and

differences between texts in the treatment, scope, or organization of ideas.
8RC2.4 Comprehension and Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Compare the original

text to a summary to determine whether the summary accurately captures the main ideas,
includes critical details, and conveys the underlying meaning.
8RC2.5
Comprehension and Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Understand and

explain the use of a complex mechanical device by following technical directions.
8RC2.6 Comprehension and Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Use information from a

variety of consumer, workplace, and public documents to explain a situation or decision
and to solve a problem.
8RC2.7
Expository Critique: Evaluate the unity, coherence, logic, internal consistency, and
structural patterns of text.
3
G R A D E
The Literary Response and Analysis Strand/Cluster

The following seven California EnglishLanguage Arts content standards are included in the Literary
Response and Analysis strand/cluster and are represented in this booklet by 23 test questions for grade 8.
These questions represent some ways in which these standards may be assessed on the Grade 8 California
EnglishLanguage Arts Standards Test.
8RL3.0
LITERARY RESPONSE AND ANALYSIS: Students read and respond to historically or

culturally significant works of literature that reflect and enhance their studies of
history and social science. They clarify the ideas and connect them to other literary
works. The selections in Recommended Readings in Literature, Kindergarten
Through Grade Eight illustrate the quality and complexity of the materials to be read
by students.
8RL3.1
Structural Features of Literature: Determine and articulate the relationship between the
purposes and characteristics of different forms of poetry (e.g., ballad, lyric, couplet, epic,
elegy, ode, sonnet).
8RL3.2
Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Evaluate the structural elements of

the plot (e.g., subplots, parallel episodes, climax), the plots development, and the way in
which conflicts are (or are not) addressed and resolved.
8RL3.3
Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Compare and contrast motivations

and reactions of literary characters from different historical eras confronting similar
situations or conflicts.
8RL3.4
Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Analyze the relevance of the

setting (e.g., place, time, customs) to the mood, tone, and meaning of the text.
8RL3.5
Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Identify and analyze recurring

themes (e.g., good versus evil) across traditional and contemporary works.
8RL3.6
Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Identify significant literary devices

(e.g., metaphor, symbolism, dialect, irony) that define a writers style and use those
elements to interpret the work.
8RL3.7
Literary Criticism: Analyze a work of literature, showing how it reflects the heritage,
traditions, attitudes, and beliefs of its author. (Biographical approach)
4
G R A D E
WRITING
The Writing portion of the Grade 8 California EnglishLanguage Arts Standards Test has two strands/
reporting clusters: Writing Strategies and Written Conventions. Each of these strands/clusters is described
below.
The Writing Strategies Strand/Cluster

The following four California EnglishLanguage Arts content standards are included in the Writing Strategies
Standards Test.
8WS1.0
WRITING STRATEGIES: Students write clear, coherent, and focused essays. The
writing exhibits students awareness of audience and purpose. Essays contain
formal introductions, supporting evidence, and conclusions. Students progress
through the stages of the writing process as needed.
8WS1.1
Organization and Focus: Create compositions that establish a controlling impression,

have a coherent thesis, and end with a clear and well-supported conclusion.
8WS1.2
Organization and Focus: Establish coherence within and among paragraphs through
effective transitions, parallel structures, and similar writing techniques.
8WS1.3
Organization and Focus: Support theses or conclusions with analogies, paraphrases,

quotations, opinions from authorities, comparisons, and similar devices.
8WS1.6
Evaluation and Revision: Revise writing for word choice; appropriate organization;
consistent point of view; and transitions between paragraphs, passages, and ideas.
5
G R A D E
The Written Conventions Strand/Cluster

The following six California EnglishLanguage Arts content standards are included in the Written Conventions
Standards Test.
8WC1.0
WRITTEN AND ORAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE CONVENTIONS: Students write and

speak with a command of standard English conventions appropriate to this grade
level.
8WC1.1
Sentence Structure: Use correct and varied sentence types and sentence openings to
present a lively and effective personal style.
8WC1.2
Sentence Structure: Identify and use parallelism, including similar grammatical forms, in
all written discourse to present items in a series and items juxtaposed for emphasis.
8WC1.3
Sentence Structure: Use subordination, coordination, apposition, and other devices to

indicate clearly the relationship between ideas.
8WC1.4
Grammar: Edit written manuscripts to ensure that correct grammar is used.
8WC1.5
Punctuation and Capitalization: Use correct punctuation and capitalization.
8WC1.6
Spelling: Use correct spelling conventions.
6
G R A D E
Read the following two selections. Think about how they are alike and how they are different.
Reminiscing
by Ralph Cortez
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Watermelons were so much sweeter then,

When boys were the stuff of super men,
And summers seemed so much longer too,
With nothing pending and nothing due.
We were swordsmenswashbuckling heroes,
Eternal victorsnever zeroes;
Second basemen and clean-up hitters;
Forever winners, never quitters.
Play was a ritual in those days,
To go on magical mind forays,
To play the game with aplomb and ease,
To venture forth when and where wed please.
We would feign death, and then rise up again.
Watermelons were so much sweeter then.
Piano
by D. H. Lawrence
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Softly, in the dusk, a woman is singing to me:

Taking me back down the vista of years, till I see
A child sitting under the piano, in the boom of the tingling strings
And pressing the small, poised feet of a mother who smiles as she sings.
In spite of myself, the insidious mastery of song
Betrays me back, till the heart of me weeps to belong
To the old Sunday evenings at home, winter outside
And hymns in the cozy parlor, the tinkling piano our guide.
So now it is vain for the singer to burst into clamor
With the great black piano appassionato. The glamour
Of childish days is upon me, my manhood is cast
Down in the flood of remembrance, I weep like a child for the past.
[Public Domain]
CSR1P098
7
G R A D E
8
1
The word appassionato in line 10 of Piano

contains a Latin root that tells you that the
music is played
A
softly and quietly.
loudly and humorously.
with a gentle touch.
with strong feeling.
In Piano, what causes the speaker to recall

a memory?
A
a winter day
a woman singing
the sight of a piano
familiar music
CSR10208.098
CSR01333.198
What is the main purpose of Reminiscing?
The structure of Reminiscing is similar to

that of Piano in that both poems
to tell a story about a childhood experience
separate ideas into stanzas.
to capture a feeling from the past
alternate the length of lines.
to debate whether childhood or adulthood is

better
organize lines into rhyming couplets.
use the same number of syllables per line.
to describe a person who was important in the

life of a child
CSR10200.098
In lines 11 and 12 of Piano, the words my

manhood is cast down in the flood of
remembrance mean that the speaker feels
A
proud of what he has accomplished.
strongly connected to his father.
that his mother relied on him when he was
a child.
as if he were a child.
CSR01334.198
CSR10199.098
G R A D E

Document A
Evergreen Teen Book Club Offer

The Evergreen Teen Book Club invites you to join us and take full advantage of our limited-time introductory offer.
If you join our club, you will receive a certificate for 3 free books. These are yours
to keep, even if you decide to cancel your membership. However, if you decide to
purchase just one book at regular club price, you will receive a certificate for an
additional 3 free selections after your first order is placed.
As our member, you can benefit from all of our super sales and our Bonus
Program. You accumulate 2 bonus points with each cash purchase of one book.
Every 6 bonus points will earn you a certificate for one free book!
To join our club, fill in the brief application listing your name, address, and phone number on the postage-paid card
at the bottom of this page. Then drop the card in the mail and our current catalog will be immediately mailed out to
you for your 3 free selections!
This catalog offers a wide selection of over 500 books in every issue, including mysteries, romances, adventures,
biographies, cookbooks, crafts, sports, and many more. Our catalog also contains such highlights as interviews with
your favorite authors, reviews of newly released novels, and a teen top-ten list for both fiction and nonfiction.
Once you are a member, you will receive our catalog bimonthly, but you are under no obligation to purchase any
selections. We send you only exactly what you order.
If you join before June 30th, we will also provide complimentary shipping and handling on your first selections,
even if you choose to order nothing except your 3 free books.
You can build a great book collection!
Begin now by taking advantage of this phenomenal offer.
Document B
Evergreen Teen Book Club Return Policy

When receiving your order, please check all items. If you are not completely satisfied with your purchase,
you may return it to us within 21 days of receipt. This can be done by attaching the pre-addressed return
label enclosed in every shipment.
Upon receiving a returned book or order, your refund will be processed, but you will not be reimbursed for
shipping charges. You will receive a full refund for all returned items on the condition that they are
unworn, undamaged, and returned within 21 days. You can choose to have a check mailed to your
shipping address or to have the amount credited to your account. Your preference can be noted by
checking the appropriate box on the return label.
Any return due to shipping error or product defect may be returned free of charge. Simply notify us of the
problem, and we will be happy to include the shipping amount in your refund.
In this instance, contact our Customer Service Department by calling 1-800-613-XXXX between 9:00 a.m.
and 5:00 p.m. (EST). Our customer representatives will be happy to assist you.
Thank you for your business. Evergreen Teen values its customers, and your satisfaction is our goal!
CSR0P278
9
G R A D E
8
6

9
Read this sentence from Document A.
You checked a box on the mailing label.
You listed it ahead of time on your

application.
A phenomenal offer is one that is
You called the Customer Service Department.
not true.
You indicated it on the certificate you used.
standard.
temporary.
extraordinary.
Begin now by taking advantage of this

phenomenal offer.
CSR02039.278
10
CSR02036.278
How does the club know what to do about your

refund?
Document A tries to do all of these except

A
interest you in reading.
convince you to buy something.
offer you extra benefits.
explain a warranty to you.
Shipping charges for returns will be paid by the

club when
A
you return a book within 21 days.
you request credit rather than a check.
the wrong order was shipped.
a book is not as interesting as advertised.
CSR02034.278
CSR02043.278
The purpose of Document B is to explain

A
why damaged items cannot be returned.
why shipping charges for returns will not

be paid.
how a return should be processed.
how customer representatives will help you.

CSR02047.278
10
G R A D E
Document A
Sun Veil Sunscreen 30

Dont Go Out Without It.
Every day you run the risk of skin damage caused by the sun. Harmful
ultraviolet rays are dangerous even on cold, cloudy days. Sunscreen is
important year-round no matter where you live.
Sun Veil is the ultimate in sun and skin care products. Sun Veil Sunscreen
reduces the harmful effects of the sun. Remember, you are being struck by the
suns powerful rays when you are . . .
DRIVING A CAR
WALKING TO THE STORE
PLAYING ON THE PLAYGROUND
RELAXING AT THE BEACH OR POOL
PARTICIPATING IN OUTDOOR
SPORTS OR RECREATION
Sun Veil Sunscreen protects you so you can have fun in the sun, young or old.
Sun Veil Sunscreen is guaranteed 100% effective or your money back.
11
G R A D E
Document B
Sunscreen
30
Sun Veil Sunscreen provides long-lasting waterproof protection from the suns burning UVA and
UVB rays that will last for a full six hours in or out of water. Sun Veils nonirritating and mild
formula is ideal for youngsters.
DIRECTIONS:
Apply Sun Veils disappearing blue-colored sunblock liberally to completely cover all exposed
skin. The blue color disappears as you rub Sun Veil Sunscreen into the skin. The coloring is safe
and easily washes from most clothing. For best results, allow Sun Veil Sunscreen to dry for
15 minutes before exposure to the sun.
NOTE: Prolonged swimming, excess sweating, or frequent towel drying may reduce the
effectiveness of sunscreen. Reapplication is recommended when these circumstances exist.
WARNING:
Avoid contact with eyes.
If the skin becomes irritated or a rash develops, discontinue use immediately.
In case of accidental swallowing, contact the poison control center immediately.
Sun Veil Sunscreen is NOT recommended for infants under the age of 6 months.
SUN ALERT:
According to the National Council of Dermatologists, limiting sun exposure, wearing protective
clothing, and using sunscreens may reduce the risk of skin damage and other harmful effects of
the sun.
Questions or Comments?
Call 1-311-555-0132
MondayFriday
9 AM5 PM
South Shore Cosmetics, Inc.

CSR1P096
12
The purpose of including the list of activities in

Document A is to illustrate to the consumer
that Sun Veil Sunscreen 30 is
for both adults and children.
necessary almost all of the time.
available almost everywhere.
better than others on the market.
14
What information appears in Document A that

does not appear in Document B?
A
directions for using the product
the extent of the product guarantee
how long the product lasts once applied
what to do if the product causes a rash

CSR10496.096
CSR10168.096
12
The smiling face that serves as the Sun Veil logo

implies that the product makes being in the sun
15
While the advertisement (Document A) is

written to persuade the consumer, the purpose
of the product label (Document B) is
fun.
to influence.
easy.
to encourage.
practical.
to inform.
adventurous.
to entertain.
CSR10171.096
13

11
G R A D E
CSR00543.057
16
Read this sentence from Document B.
Sun Veil Sunscreen provides long-lasting

waterproof protection from the suns
burning UVA and UVB rays that will last
for a full six hours in or out of water.
Both documents tell the consumer

A
how to use the Sun Veil product.
how to contact the manufacturer.
where to purchase the product.
about the dangers of sun exposure.
CSR10174.096
In which sentence does the word burning have

the same meaning as in the sentence above?
A
The burning candle gave off a wonderful

scent.
What to have for lunch that day was the

burning issue.
Lin had a burning need to know the outcome

of the game.
Angeline ran barefoot across the burning

pavement.
CSR10176.096
13
G R A D E
Murphy
from Dogs That Have Known Me
How I Got to Be Perfect
by Jean Kerr
1
The dog that gave us the most trouble was a beagle named Murphy. As far
as Im concerned, the first thing he did wrong was to turn into a beagle. I had
seen him bounding around on the other side of a pet-shop window, and I went
in and asked the man, How much is that adorable fox terrier in the window?
Did he say, That adorable fox terrier is a beagle? No, he said, Ten dollars,
lady. Now, I dont mean to say one word against beagles. They have rights
just like other people. But it is a bit of a shock when you bring home a small
ball of fluff in a shoebox, and three weeks later its as long as the sofa.
Murphy was the first dog I ever trained personally, and I was delighted at the enthusiasm with which he
took to the newspaper. It was sometime later that we discovered, to our horror, thatlike so many dogshe
had grasped the letter but not the spirit of the thing. Until the very end of his days he felt a real sense of
obligation whenever he saw a newspaperany newspaperand it didnt matter where it was. I cant bring
myself to go into the details, except to mention that we were finally compelled to keep all the papers in the
bottom of the icebox.
He had another habit that used to leave us open to a certain amount of criticism from our friends who were
not dogophiles. He never climbed up on beds or chairs or sofas. But he always sat on top of the piano. In the
beginning we used to try to pull him off of there. But after a few noisy scuffles in which he knocked a picture
off the wall, scratched the piano, and smashed a lamp, we just gave inonly to discover that, left to his own
devices, he hopped up and down as delicately as a ballet dancer.
Its not just our own dogs that bother me. The dogs I meet at parties are even worse. I dont know what
Ive got that attracts them; it just doesnt bear thought. My husband swears I rub chopped meat on my ankles.
But at every party its the same thing. I am sitting with a group in front of the fire when all of a sudden the
large mutt of the host appears in the archway. Then, without a single bark of warning, he hurls himself upon
me. He settles down peacefully on my lap. I blow out such quantities of hair as I havent swallowed and
glance at my host, expecting to be rescued. He murmurs, Isnt that wonderful? You know, Brucie is usually
so distant with strangers.
At a dinner party last week, after I had been mugged by a large sheepdog, I announced quite piteously,
Oh dear, he seems to have swallowed one of my earrings. The hostess looked really distressed for a
moment, until she examined the remaining earring. Then she said, Oh, I think it will be all right. Its small
and round.
Nowadays if I go anywhere I just ask if they have a dog. If they do, I say, Maybe Id better keep away
from himI have this bad allergy. This does not really charm the lady of the house. In fact, she behaves
rather as though shed just discovered that I was back in analysis for my kleptomania. But it is safer. It
really is.
Copyright 1957 Cond Nast Publications Inc. All rights reserved. Originally published in Vogue. Reprinted by permission.
14
CSR1P263

17
19
Read this sentence from paragraph 1 of

the essay.
But it is a bit of a shock when you bring

home a small ball of fluff in a shoebox,
and three weeks later its as long as the
sofa.
G R A D E
In paragraph 6, why does the author avoid

contact with dogs?
Exposure to dogs causes her to sneeze.
Dogs cause mishaps to occur.
Hosts insist on saving her from their dogs.
She dislikes most types of dogs.
CSR12581.263
The author uses a hyperbole to illustrate that

the dog grew
A
surprisingly affectionate.
comfortable in the house.
too large to fit on a couch.
larger than expected.
CSR12123.263
18
Which excerpt reveals the authors inability to

train Murphy?
A I had seen him bounding around on the other
side of a pet-shop window . . .
B . . . we were finally compelled to keep all the
papers in the bottom of the icebox.
C He never climbed up on beds or chairs . . .
D . . . all of a sudden the large mutt of the host
appears . . .
CSR12128.263
15
G R A D E
The Blind Men and the Elephant

by John Godfrey Saxe
10
15
20
It was six men of Indostan

To learning much inclined,
Who went to see the Elephant
(Though all of them were blind),
That each by observation
Might satisfy his mind.
25
30
The First approached the Elephant,

And happening to fall
Against his broad and sturdy side,
At once began to bawl:
God bless me! but the Elephant
Is very like a wall!
35
The Second, feeling of the tusk,

Cried, Ho! what have we here
So very round and smooth and sharp?
To me tis mighty clear
This wonder of an Elephant
Is very like a spear!
40
The Third approached the animal,

And happening to take
The squirming trunk within his hands,
Thus boldly up and spake:
I see, quoth he, the Elephant
Is very like a snake!
45
The Fourth reached out an eager hand,

And felt about the knee.
What most this wondrous beast is like
Is mighty plain, quoth he;
Tis clear enough the Elephant
Is very like a tree!
The Fifth, who chanced to touch the ear,
Said: Een the blindest man
Can tell what this resembles most;
Deny the fact who can
This marvel of an Elephant
Is very like a fan!
The Sixth no sooner had begun
About the beast to grope,
Than, seizing on the swinging tail
That fell within his scope,
I see, quoth he, the Elephant
Is very like a rope!
And so these men of Indostan
Disputed loud and long,
Each in his own opinion
Exceeding stiff and strong,
Though each was partly in the right,
And all were in the wrong!
[Public Domain]
16
G R A D E
My Fingers
by Mary ONeill
10
15
20
25
My fingers are antennae.
Whatever they touch:
Bud, rose, apple,
Cellophane, crutch
They race the feel
Into my brain,
Plant it there and
Begin again.
This is how I knew
Hot from cold
Before I was even
Two years old.
This is how I can tell,
Though years away
That elephant hide
Feels leathery grey.
My brain never loses
A touch I bring:
Frail of an eggshell,
Pull of a string,
Beat of a pulse
That tells me life
Thumps in a person
But not in a knife.
Signs that say:
Please do not touch,
Disappoint me
Very much.
From FINGERS ARE ALWAYS BRINGING ME NEWS by Mary ONeill.

Copyright 1969 by Mary ONeill. Copyright renewed 1997 Abigail Hagler
and Erin Baroni. Used by permission of Marion Reiner.
CSR1P183
17
G R A D E
8
20
The first stanza in The Blind Men and the

Elephant has which rhyming pattern?
A
abcabc
abbacc
abcbdb
aabbcc

23
CSR12441.183
21
They both misunderstand what an elephant is

like.
They have both felt the skin of an elephant.
They both know what an elephant looks like.
They both have strong opinions about the

nature of an elephant.
In line 1 of My Fingers, the speaker is

referring to her fingers
length.
color.
sensitivity.
shape.
CSR12452.183
24
CSR12450.183
22
How does the speaker in My Fingers

resemble the first man in The Blind Men
and the Elephant?
Read these lines from My Fingers.
The speaker in My Fingers and the men

in The Blind Men and the Elephant both
touch things
A
because they dont know what an elephant is.
because it is the only way they can discover

anything.
in order to remember what things feel like.
in order to learn things about their world.
Frail of an eggshell,
Pull of a string,
CSR12448.183
These lines suggest that the speaker
is a very small child.
cannot see very well.
appreciates lifes little details.
is a painter or photographer.
CSR12439.183
18
G R A D E
Setting the Shutter Speed
on the Higgins CS-12 Camera
The shutter is a mechanical device that opens and closes in front of the lens of the camera, allowing
you to control the amount of light that strikes the film. The shutter dial indicates shutter speeds in
fractions of a second (1000 = 1/1000th of a second; 500 = 1/500th of a second). Beginning with 1000,
each shutter speed gradation is approximately twice the preceding speed. The following chart serves as
a general guide.
Brightness
Shutter Speed (seconds)
Indoors
1/30 to 1/60
Outdoors
1/125 to 1/250
Bright beach sandssnow-covered landscape 1/500 to 1/1000

In order to choose the correct shutter speed, you must consider two main factors:
the brightness of the setting and the amount of movement in the subject.
For Indoor Photography:

In a normally lit room1/30 of a second
In a brightly lit room1/60 of a second
60
125
25
30
For Outdoor Photography:
00
10
500
Cloudy conditions1/125 of a second

Sunny conditions1/250 of a second
Extremely bright conditions1/500
or 1/1000 of a second
For Photography in Very Dark Settings:

1The 1 stands for 1 second.
2The 2 stands for 2 seconds.
BThe B is for long exposures. The shutter remains open for as long as
the shutter button is held down.

19
CSR0P130
G R A D E
8
25
Which of the following words in the passage is

based on a Latin root that means break?
28
The circled settings on the shutter dial

represent
control
settings for outdoor photographs.
exposure
exposures of one second or more.
landscape
settings when using a long lens.
fractions
shutter speeds when using a flash unit.
CSR00966.130
26
29
The purpose of a cameras shutter is

A
to scatter light.
to narrow a light beam.
to include or exclude light.
to separate light into wavelengths.
CSR00967.130
CSR00965.130

27
For which of these subjects would a shutter

speed of 125 be appropriate?
A
a performer on a school stage
children playing on a beach
a girl with an umbrella on a rainy day
a boy shooting baskets in a gym

CSR00969.130
Generally, for indoor photography the

shutter must
A
remain open longer.
open more quickly.
close quickly.
open only partially.

CSR00964.130
20
G R A D E
Should students do the grading?

The Supreme Court says the practice doesnt violate a students right to privacy, but is it right for students to
grade one another?
Document A
Pro
1
The Supreme Court was absolutely correct to say its OK for students to grade one
anothers homework, quizzes, and tests; in fact, its a great idea.
By grading one anothers papers and seeing the problems their peers encounter, as well
as their own, students double their exposure to the troubles that they may meet on future
exams and tests. The basic purpose of school is to learn not just what others have done
right, but to learn from what they have done wrong. How better to teach this than to put
it directly into the lives of students?
Teachers are underappreciated

and
underpaid
forworking.
the number of hours they have to
Turn the
page
and continue
work to be able to really teach well. Grading all their students papers can take hours on
end. Some of that time and energy can be saved by spending a few minutes in class, while
providing an invaluable learning experience.
I understand that some individuals are sensitive to their classmates seeing their work
or grades. School is a place where every mistake can be learned from, and self-esteem
can be built. Any good teacher would make allowances for students who dont want their
classmates to grade their assignments.
Grading one anothers papers may be one of the best ways for students to reinforce
within themselves the ways to respond to the most difficult parts of what they are
learning. It simply cant be denied that in-class grading of assignments is a great way
to learn, and those with personal issues can resolve those issues if they just present
their problems to their teachers. Allowing students to learn in the best way they are able
should be the responsibility of society. If learning in school upsets some students and
their parents, perhaps they dont really realize what they are upset about.
Document B
Con
1
A girl cringes as her classmate announces her failing test grade and hands her the
paper, bathed in the red ink of the student grader. The composure of the classroom
gradually deteriorates.
21
G R A D E
With the increase in student grading over the past few years, scenes like this have
become a bitter reality in schools across the nation. Teachers are not only instructing
their students to grade one anothers papers, but also to announce the final grades to the
class, subjecting them to the harsh judgment of their peers. Teachers and schools should
not advocate student grading and public announcement of grades because it provides a
traumatizing breach of privacy for students and families and it subjects students to harsh
judgments and treatment by their peers.
Since 1974, a law known as the Buckley Amendment has prohibited the release of
education records maintained by schools in order to preserve the privacy of students
and their families. I strongly disagree with the Courts ruling that this law [the Buckley
Amendment] does not pertain to student grading.
I can think of no greater breach of privacy than the exposure of ones personal
information to a group of peers. This can be very embarrassing and cause unfair
judgment by ones colleagues. Releasing this sort of personal information should
be avoided, especially by institutions that seek to provide a supportive environment
conducive to mutual learning during essential years of human development.
page
and
continue
working.
Adapted from THE NEW YORK TIMES UPFRONT, Turn
April 8,the
2002.
Copyright
2002 by The
New York Times Company and Scholastic Inc. Reprinted by
permission of Scholastic Inc.
CSR1P150
30
Which summary of paragraph 3 of Document A

is the most accurate?
A
Students can do a better job of grading than

teachers can.
Teachers should be paid higher salaries for

grading.
Teachers can devote more time to teaching

duties if students do the grading.
Students learn more from one another than

from teachers.
31
Read this sentence from Document A.
Grading one anothers papers may be one

of the best ways for students to reinforce
within themselves the ways to respond to
the most difficult parts of what they are
learning.
In this sentence, the verb to reinforce has the
same meaning as
CSR11909.150
to deliver.
to imagine.
to strengthen.
to create.
CSR11918.150
22

32
What is the main pattern of organization used

in Document A?
34
A identification of a problem followed by a

solution
B presentation of a main idea followed by
supporting details
C criticism of opponents position point by point
Given the structure and content of both of these

documents, they can best be described as
expository.
narrative.
persuasive.
descriptive.
D description of causes and effects of a certain

issue
CSR11916.150
33
G R A D E
Consider the main support the author of

Document B offers for his position. Which of
these statements best contradicts his supporting
points?
A There are other methods of student grading
that do not cause embarrassment.
Turn the page and continue working.
B Some students do not mind sharing their work
with others.
C Many teachers do not allow their students to
grade each other.
D Student grading has been performed in
schools for many years.
CSR11906.150
23
CSR11915.150
G R A D E
The following passage is an advertisement for a new game. Use it to answer the following questions.
Its Fast! Its Fun!

Its a Hand-Held Electronic Pinball Game!
Feel the vibrations as your Rocket Ball glides through the universe, scoring
points as it glances off Saturns rings or skids past Jupiter. Whenever a comet,
asteroid, or meteor takes a direct hit, your score will soar.
START/PAUSE
GETTING STARTED
1. Press ON/OFF to turn on power.
2. Press the clear plastic STAR button to control light, sound, and vibration.
Press
STAR changes to
What is activated?
Once
yellow
lights
Twice
blue
lights and sounds
Three Times
red
lights, sounds, and vibrations
Four Times
black
NO lights, sounds, or vibrations
SELECT
USE PAUSE PAU
3. Press START/PAUSE two times to begin play.

NOTE: You can press START/PAUSE once at any time.
Then the word P-A-U-S-E scrolls across the screen until you
press START/PAUSE again to restart the game.
ON/OFF
LAUNCH
PLUTO
NEPTUNE
URANUS
SATURN
JUPITER
MARS
EARTH
VENUS
MERCURY
Flippers
4. Press SELECT to play Game One.

Press SELECT two times to play Game Two.
PLAYING THE GAME
The object of the game is to score points by hitting as many of the
planets as possible before the Rocket Ball drops into the blazing sun.
SCORING TABLE
OBJECT
POINTS
Mercury or Jupiter
10
Venus or Saturn
20
Earth or Uranus
30
Mars or Neptune
40
Pluto
50
Game One is played with three balls.

First, press the LAUNCH bar to send your
Rocket Ball soaring into the solar system.
Keep the Rocket Ball in orbit by using the
right (R) and left (L) FLIPPERS to rebound
the ball and prevent it from dropping into
the sun and being destroyed.
Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors

are BONUS OBJECTS
worth 60 points each.
If you reach 5,000 points before all three balls drop

into the sun, you are a Rocket Ball Champ!
Game Two is also played with three balls,

but moving comets, asteroids, and
meteors make it more exciting. Each time
you are able to use your flippers to
bounce your Rocket Ball off these moving
objects, you score bonus points.
24

35
38
The style in which the words Rocket Ball

are written at the top of the advertisement is
intended to make the reader think of
A
speed.
space.
sound.
time.
The most action-packed variation would be

A
Game One with a blue star.
Game Two with a black star.
Game One with a yellow star.
Game Two with a red star.
39
Rocket Ball could best be described as a game of
Which buttons directly control the movement of

the Rocket Ball?
common sense.
quick response.
LAUNCH and FLIPPERS
strength.
STAR and FLIPPERS
knowledge.
START/PAUSE and FLIPPERS
LAUNCH and SELECT
CSR00524.054
CSR00515.054
37
Game Two would probably be preferred by

someone who is
A
a new player.
a busy adult.
an experienced player.
a young child.
CSR00514.054
CSR00523.054
36
G R A D E
CSR00519.054
25
G R A D E
Departure
by Sherwood Anderson
1
Young George Willard got out of bed at four in the morning. It was April and the young tree leaves were
just coming out of their buds. The trees along the residence streets in Winesburg are maple and the seeds are
winged. When the wind blows they whirl crazily about, filling the air and making a carpet underfoot.
George came downstairs into the hotel office carrying a brown leather bag. His trunk was packed for
departure. Since two oclock he had been awake thinking of the journey he was about to take and wondering
what he would find at the end of his journey. The boy who slept in the hotel office lay on a cot by the door.
His mouth was open and he snored lustily. George crept past the cot and went out into the silent deserted main
street. The east was pink with the dawn and long streaks of light climbed into the sky where a few stars still
shone.
Beyond the last house on Trunion Pike in Winesburg, there is a great stretch of open fields. The fields
are owned by farmers who live in town and drive homeward at evening along Trunion Pike in light creaking
wagons. In the fields are planted berries and small fruits. In the late afternoon in the hot summers when the
road and the fields are covered with dust, a smoky haze lies over the great flat basin of land. To look across
it is like looking out across the sea. In the spring when the land is green the effect is somewhat different. The
land becomes a wide green billiard table on which tiny human insects toil up and down.
All through his boyhood and young manhood, George Willard had been in the habit of walking on Trunion
Pike. He had been in the midst of the great open place on winter nights when it was covered with snow and
only the moon looked down at him; he had been there in the fall when bleak winds blew and on summer
evenings when the air vibrated with the song of insects. On the April morning he wanted to go there again,
to walk again in the silence. He did walk to where the road dipped down by a little stream two miles from
town and then turned and walked silently back again. When he got to Main Street clerks were sweeping the
sidewalks before the stores. Hey, you George. How does it feel to be going away? they asked.
The westbound train leaves Winesburg at seven forty-five in the morning. Tom Little is conductor. His
train runs from Cleveland to where it connects with a great trunk line railroad with terminals in Chicago and
New York. Tom has what in railroad circles is called an easy run. Every evening he returns to his family. In
the fall and spring he spends his Sundays fishing in Lake Erie. He has a round red face and small blue eyes.
He knows the people in the towns along his railroad better than a city man knows the people who live in his
apartment building.
George came down the little incline from the New Willard House at seven oclock. Tom Willard carried his
bag. The son had become taller than the father.
26
G R A D E
On the station platform everyone shook the young mans hand. More than a dozen people waited about.
Then they talked of their own affairs. Even Will Henderson, who was lazy and often slept until nine, had
got out of bed. George was embarrassed. Gertrude Wilmot, a tall thin woman of fifty who worked in the
Winesburg post office, came along the station platform. She had never before paid any attention to George.
Now she stopped and put out her hand. In two words she voiced what everyone felt. Good luck, she said
sharply and then turning went on her way.
When the train came into the station George felt relieved. He scampered hurriedly aboard. Helen White
came running along Main Street hoping to have a parting word with him, but he had found a seat and did not
see her. When the train started Tom Little punched his ticket, grinned and, although he knew George well and
knew on what adventure he was just setting out, made no comment. Tom had seen a thousand George Willards
go out of their towns to the city. It was a commonplace enough incident with him. In the car there was a man
who had just invited Tom to go on a fishing trip to Sandusky Bay. He wanted to accept the invitation and talk
over details.
George glanced up and down the car to be sure no one was looking, then took out his pocketbook and
counted his money. His mind was occupied with a desire not to appear green. Almost the last words his father
had said to him concerned the matter of his behavior when he got to the city. Be a sharp one, Tom Willard had
said. Keep your eyes on your money. Be awake. Thats the ticket. Dont let anyone think youre a greenhorn.
10
After George counted his money he looked out of the window and was surprised to see that the train was
still in Winesburg.
11
The young man, going out of his town to meet the adventure of life, began to think but he did not think of
anything very big or dramatic.
12
He thought of little thingsTurk Smollet wheeling boards through the main street of his town in the
morning, Butch Wheeler, the lamp lighter of Winesburg, hurrying through the streets on a summer evening
and holding a torch in his hand, Helen White standing by a window in the Winesburg post office and putting a
stamp on an envelope.
13
The young mans mind was carried away by his growing passion for dreams. One looking at him would
not have thought him particularly sharp. With the recollection of little things occupying his mind, he closed
his eyes and leaned back in the car seat. He stayed that way for a long time and when he aroused himself and
again looked out of the car window, the town of Winesburg had disappeared and his life there had become but
a background on which to paint the dreams of his manhood.
[Public Domain]
CSR1P077
27
G R A D E
8
40
In paragraph 3, the author uses the term tiny

human insects to emphasize
A
the habits of the farmers.
the emotional state of the farmers.
his viewpoint.
his superiority.
42
The author uses the phrase his life there had

become but a background on which to paint the
dreams of his manhood to show that
A George will completely forget his life in
Winesburg.
B George wishes he could cover up his past life.
C George will never return to Winesburg to visit
his old friends and family.
CSR11824.077
41
D Georges childhood has prepared him for his

future.
Read this sentence from paragraph 9.
CSR11835.077
Be a sharp one, Tom Willard had said.
43
In which sentence does the word sharp have the

same meaning as in the sentence above?
A
Evas sharp words hurt Mollys feelings.
Lindsey felt a sharp pain in her forehead as

she gobbled her ice cream.
Keep a sharp eye out for errors as you

proofread your paper.
Be careful with that knife; it is very sharp.
The content of Departure reveals that the

author probably believes that
A young people should not leave their
hometowns.
B moving away from home can be an exciting
adventure.
C people from small towns will probably not
adapt well to life in a city.
D living your whole life in one place is both
boring and cowardly.
CSR11829.077
CSR11836.077
28
Sheepdog
10
15
20
25
30
In the green field stand the scattered sheep,
pretending innocence,
and the Shepherd standing
just beyond the field
and at the Shepherds feet, poised,

the rough-coat collie dog, with one thought only.
It is the woolies.
Her eyes, one blue, one brown
never leave them.
When the Shepherds whistle
releases her,
shes off, like an arrow, running east,
her bared teeth showing
the wolf that still lives in her.
She circles wide, closing in,
a black and white blur at
the edge of a sheeps bad dream.
But the Shepherd whistles, twice for right
and once for left,
and the dog holds back,
bringing order out of her own wildness,
serving the mans need.
By sundown,
the circle is complete.
The sheep are penned.
The tired Shepherd, the panting dog
head for home, each
more than they would be alone,
the ring the dog marked, running,
symbol of their union.
29
G R A D E
G R A D E
Jackson Is Only One of My Dogs

by Pam Houston
1
I have a dog named Jackson, who between the ages of four and five, in people years, became suicidal. In a
period of less than twelve months, Jackson jumped out of the back of a speeding pickup truck, ate a fourteenpound bag of nonorganic garden fertilizer, and threw himself between the jaws of a hundred-and-fifty-pound
Russian wolfhound.
Jackson is only one of my dogs. The other dog, the good dog, whose name is Hailey, passed through her
early adulthood without any discernable personality changes. Hailey is matronly and brindle-colored, with a
rear end that is slightly out of alignment. Jackson is shaggy and blond, all ears and feathers.
While Jackson is clearly a human being trapped in a dogs body (one day he lost his senses and buried a
bone in the yard and I was no more embarrassed for him than he was for himself), Hailey knows what she
is and is proud of it. What she likes to do, more than anything, is to get her belly wet and then lie around in
the dirt. Jackson is athletic, graceful, obnoxious, and filled with conceit, while Hailey is slow, a little fat, and
gentle to her bones.
Jackson also has a truck neurosis. His whole life is centered around making sure that the truck I drive
doesnt leave without him. When he is in the house he keeps one eye on it in the driveway, when were on
the road I never have to tell him to stay. Its where he likes to eat and drink, where he wants to spend his
afternoons; its the only place hell let himself sleep soundly. Sometimes, when we are backpacking, and thirty
miles from anywhere, Ill say, Go get in the truck, Jackson, just to play with his mind.
I have always had a better relationship with Jackson than with Hailey. Part of it, I guess, is that you always
love the problem child a little more, and part of it is the squeaky-wheel thing; Hailey is simply a low-maintenance
dog. Jackson, on the other hand, is a charm machine. He has cost me over two thousand dollars in vet bills,
I dont even keep track of the money that goes to the dogcatcher, and who gets all the treats? Just ask Hailey.
About once a month I have to go and bail Jackson out at the pound. I walk into the dark, urine-splattered
corridor to find him resting comfortably, paws crossed. Hes shooting the breeze with the malamute next to
him. Whatre you in for this time? hes saying. Dog at large, or something worth talking about? He raises
one furry eyebrow in my direction. Hi, Mom, he says. What kept you?
Jackson Is Only One of My Dogs from Cowboys Are My Weakness by Pam Houston, Copyright 1992 by Pam Houston. Used by permission of
W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
CSR0P052
30

44
Why is line 7 (It is the woolies.) in Sheepdog

italicized?
A
to show this is the dogs appearance
to give the text of the poem variety
to indicate that is the dogs thought
to indicate a change in the tone
47
What literary device is used in lines 1012 of

Sheepdog (When the Shepherds whistle /
releases her, / shes off, like an arrow, running
east. . .)?
A
metaphor
simile
symbol
pun
Which conflict is present in both selections?

A
good versus evil
order versus chaos
man versus nature
simple versus complex
CSR00510.052
CSR00511.052
45
46
G R A D E
Although the sheepdog and Jackson are

portrayed differently, what do they have in
common?
A They are both difficult for their owners to
manage.
B They are costly for their owners to maintain.
C They contribute to the quality of their owners
lives.
D They spend long hours working beside their
owners.
CSR00509.052
CSR00506.052
31
G R A D E
Aunt Charlotte Said

by Kim R. Stafford
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Rosemary, this story my daddy

told me when I was your age: Down
by the caves in the canyon his father
said to him, Dont ever go in. Dark
and cave-slime cover your face.
You might never come out, might never
get dragged out. I didnt raise you
for that, to lie in a narrow slot
stuck silent before youre grown.
But then my daddy was a little older
than you, Rosemary. He found a cave, pulled
a tree aside, went in where only he
on hands and knees could slither deeper
on his belly, could hitch along
after the candle flicker, the plunk
of water somewhere past the tunnels
bend, breathing all his breath away
deep at the tight place to be
smaller than he was: wispy little
body way down under the cold
rock of the world.
The dark opened
in a room. He wiped mud off his eyes,
held the candle up. On the wall
was a word scrawled the way a child
his own age would write: his fathers
little name.
Oh his daddys gone, Rosemary.
And my daddys gone. But I keep that story.
You remember now: there are two names there
in the dark of the cave, down in the earth
where they were not supposed to go.
Aunt Charlotte Said from Places & Stories by Kim Stafford, copyright 1987 by Kim Stafford. Used by permission of Carnegie Mellon University Press.
32
G R A D E
excerpt from House Made of Dawn

by N. Scott Momaday
My grandmother was a storyteller; she knew her way around words. She
never learned to read and write, but somehow she knew the good of
reading and writing; she had learned how to listen and delight. She had
learned that in words and in language, and there only, she could have
whole and consummate being. She told me stories, and she taught me how
to listen. I was a child and I listened. She could neither read nor write, you
see, but she taught me how to live among her words, how to listen and
delight. Storytelling; to utter and to hear . . . And the simple act of
listening is crucial to the concept of language, more crucial even than
reading and writing, and language in turn is crucial to human society.
There is proof of that, I think, in all the histories and prehistories of
human experience. When that old Kiowa woman told me stories, I
listened with only one ear. I was a child, and I took the words for granted.
I did not know what all of them meant, but somehow I held on to them; I remembered them, and I remember
them now. The stories were old and dear; they meant a great deal to my grandmother. It was not until she died
that I knew how much they meant to her. I began to think about it, and then I knew. When she told me those old
stories, something strange and good and powerful was going on. I was a child, and that old woman was asking
me to come directly into the presence of her mind and spirit; she was taking hold of my imagination, giving me
to share in the great fortune of her wonder and delight. She was asking me to go with her to the confrontation
of something that was sacred and eternal. It was a timeless, timeless thing; nothing of her old age or of my
childhood came between us.
Excerpt from House Made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday, copyright 1968 by N. Scott Momaday. Used by permission of the author.
CSR1P94
48
49
Although Momaday and Stafford are both

modern writers, which of these references in
Momadays story is reminiscent of an earlier
historical period?
A She told me stories, and she taught me how
to listen.
B . . . language in turn is crucial to human
society.
Aunt Charlotte tells the story of her father in

order to
show that her father was obedient.
show that she listened to her father.
keep the story from being forgotten.
make the caves location known.
CSR00531.055
C When that old Kiowa woman told me stories,

I listened. . . .
D I began to think about it, and then I knew.
CSR00529.055
33
G R A D E
8
50
In Aunt Charlotte Said, the description of the

child squeezing into the cave is intended
52
How does Aunt Charlottes father react to

seeing his fathers name in the cave?
to frighten.
He keeps it a secret.
to delight.
He adds his own name.
to encourage.
He searches for other caves.
to tease.
He leaves the cave immediately.
CSR00535.055
51
CSR10167.094
Both Aunt Charlotte in Aunt Charlotte Said

and the speakers grandmother in House Made
of Dawn
A
are unable to read or write.
recite a story in the text of the poem.
pass on stories to younger family members.
tell stories about the adventures of relatives.
53
What characteristic of the ballad form does

Aunt Charlotte Said lack?
a compelling narrative
rhythmical patterns
a summarizing stanza
detailed characterization
CSR10158.094
34
CSR10511.094
G R A D E
Document A
Precautionary Measures
Rarely do we consider the tremendous effects of the sun on our daily lives. On a fundamental level, the sun
provides light and warmth. Without the sun, the moon would not shine, vegetation would not grow, the earth
would freeze, and life as we know it would not exist. The sun gives life to the world.
Along with the many positive aspects of the sun, however, there are dangerous effects to consider. When
spending time under direct sunlight, one must take precautions against ultraviolet (UV) rays. UV rays are
invisible light waves that release more energy than any other rays produced by the sun. Two types of UV rays
exist within our atmosphere: UVA and UVB. UVA rays do not immediately affect the skin but cause longterm adverse effects, like skin aging, wrinkles, and, in some cases, skin cancer. UVB rays produce immediate
negative effects and are the main culprits of sunburns.
Skin protection is extremely important. In an effort to promote a healthy lifestyle, manufacturers of

sunblock introduced the Sun Protection Factor (SPF). SPF is the amount of time a person can spend in the sun
without burning. As a guide on manufactured sunscreen and sunblock, the indicated SPF, like 15, 30, or 45,
shows the amount of protection given by each prospective lotion. Under the SPF scale, if a persons skin burns
after 10 minutes in the sun, the SPF for this person is 10 minutes; hence, if this person used a sunscreen with
SPF 15, it would provide 15 times the persons SPF of 10 minutes, or 150 minutes of protection time. SPF
provides a helpful aid in preventing unnecessary health problems from overexposure to sunlight.
If we take the necessary precautions and exercise moderation, we can still have fun in the sun.
CSR1P123-1
35
G R A D E
Document B
HE
EAL
ALTH IISSUES
SSUES
ISSUE
RE
ELA
LATE
ED
D TO T
THE
HE SUN
UN
Most health professionals and health agencies agree that exposure to the suns ultraviolet rays presents a health
risk. Besides the blistering, swelling, and pain associated with sunburn, ultraviolet rays may cause long-term skin
damage. Taking the following preventive steps will help to protect you from the adverse effects of sun exposure.
1) The sun's rays are strongest and most direct between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. These
intense UV rays penetrate even water and cloud cover. Therefore, it is advisable to
avoid or greatly limit exposure to the sun between these hours.
2) Use a sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB rays and has a sun protection
factor (SPF) of at least 15. Apply to all exposed body parts including scalp, lips,
ears, and eyelids. Reapply every 2 to 3 hours and after swimming or sweating.
3) Wear sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat or sit under a beach umbrella.
TIPS:
Sunscreen should NOT be used on babies
under 6 months of age.
PABA-free sunscreens are available for people
who are allergic to PABA.
UV rays reflect off light-colored surfaces
like water, sand, concrete, and snow.
Use of sunscreen is advised when it is necessary to
spend extended time in these environments.
CSR1P123-2
36
57
Document A fails to explain

A
the potential effects of PABA on the skin.
the kind of damage done by each type of

UV ray.
the meaning of the SPF number on sunscreen

products.
the source of UV rays.
Suppose a person who normally spends

two hours in direct sunlight does not usually
suffer from sunburn. What is the best reason for
this person to use a sunscreen?
A The amount of time spent in direct sunlight is
usually underestimated.
B The person may want to get a suntan.
C The person can still suffer long-term damage
from UVA rays.
CSR13098.123
55

54
G R A D E
D The normal SPF for a person is only

10 minutes.
Read this excerpt from the introductory

paragraph of Document B.
CSR13107.123
Besides the blistering, swelling, and pain

associated with sunburn, ultraviolet rays
may cause long-term skin damage. Taking
the following preventive steps will help to
protect you from the adverse effects of sun
exposure.
Which word is nearest in meaning to the
underlined word in the excerpt?
A
temporary
unusual
fatiguing
unfavorable
58
A . . . the sun provides light and warmth.

B
. . . life as we know it would not exist.
Two types of UV rays exist. . . .
If we take the necessary precautions . . .
CSR13108.123
59
How is the purpose of Document B different

from the purpose of Document A?
A Document B gives specific instructions on
avoiding damage from the sun.
B Document B includes more information about
the types of UV rays.
CSR13100.123
56
Which idea from Document A is more

thoroughly explained in Document B?
Which would best protect a 3-month-old baby

from the sun?
C Document B discusses the technical theory

behind the SPF system.
using a product with a high SPF
D Document B suggests ideas for living a

generally healthy lifestyle.
limiting exposure to the sun between

10 a.m. and 3 p.m.
reapplying sunscreen to the baby every

2 to 3 hours
applying a PABA-free sunscreen
CSR13109.123
CSR13103.123
37
G R A D E
The following questions are not about a passage. Read

and answer each question.
60
61
Read this sentence.
Every day you run the risk of skin damage

caused by the sun.
Which word is derived from the Latin root

word meaning to cut?
A
contract
partial
section
junction
Which word can best be used to replace the

word run without changing the meaning of the
sentence?
CSR00284.OSA
stretch
operate
take
flee
CSR10175.096
38
G R A D E
Edwards English class was given an assignment to write a letter to the city council members about a community
concern. Edward wrote the following letter, which may contain errors.
Dear Greendale City Council Members:

1
I am writing about a problem that has arisen in my neighborhood. I live at 212 Parker
Street in the Northridge Park subdivision. Two doors down from my familys home
sits a house that has been abandoned. Mr. Jones used to rent that house, but he
moved out over six months ago. Since then, no one has occupied it. The problem is
that whoever owns the house has not kept the grass cut or trimmed the hedges. This
house makes our whole neighborhood look sloppy, and something must be done soon.
I am a pretty resourceful guy, so before writing to you, I tried to solve the problem myself.
My father suggested that maybe the owner of the house might live out of town and not
know the extent of the problem. I thought that if I could find a name and address for the
owner, I could write him or her a letter explaining what is happening to the property. I
used the Internet to access public records about the house, but the owner of that house
is not listed. I would gladly volunteer to cut the grass on that property to keep it from
looking so ugly; instead, to go on that property without the owners permission would be
trespassing. At this point, though, I cant think of any other way to solve the problem.
I am writing to ask you to please help our neighborhood find a way to take care of this
eyesore. Perhaps you can access records that are not available to us and contact the
owner or give us his or her name and address.
Sincerely,
Edward Thompson
CSW0P008
39
G R A D E
8
62
In which of the following sentences is Edwards

personal style most apparent?
64
A Since then, no one has occupied it.
Which of these would make the best concluding

sentence to Edwards letter?
A My neighbors and I want our neighborhood to
return to the beautiful place it once was.
B I live at 212 Parker Street in the Northridge

Park subdivision.
B The city council doesnt have much else to

do, so why not help our neighborhood?
C I am a pretty resourceful guy, so before

writing to you, I tried to solve the problem
myself.
D I used the Internet to access public records
about the house, but the owner of that house
is not listed.
C This person is obviously ignoring his or her

property and should not be allowed to get
away with it any longer.
D The Internet may be a valuable tool to some,
but I dont agree.
CSL00020.008
63
CSW00064.008
I would gladly volunteer to cut the grass

on that property to keep it from looking so
ugly; instead, to go on that property
without the owners permission would be
trespassing.
In this sentence, the word instead does not
correctly link ideas. Which of these should be
used instead?
A
obviously
however
still
likewise
CSW00062.008
40
G R A D E
The following is a rough draft of a students report, which may contain errors.
The Lost Art of Letter Writing
(1) Many people use email today to communicate with each other. (2) If you have access
to a computer, its a great way to send messages easily, in a quick manner, and on as many
occasions as you like. (3) No longer is it necessary to find a pen or paper, not to mention an
envelope or a stamp.
(4) Are we missing anything by not writing actual letters to people? (5) Is the experience
of receiving such letters worth the trouble of writing them? (6) Most people would probably
reply No it was a waste of paper anyway; this is a much better system. (7) Its hard to argue
against such a logical viewpoint. (8) However, I would like to try.
(9) I believe that the kinds of letters people used to write tended to be more meaningful
than the vast majority of the billions of emails sent today. (10) Of course, when it comes
to sending quick messages to convey specific information, email is the best. (11) If time is
important, email is particularly useful. (12) If, however, you want to really reach out and
touch someone, a letter is more personal.
(13) Handwritten letters are the most personal. (14) If you can type fast, you can fit a lot
into a letter. (15) Whats lacking is that special sense of the person that comes from seeing
her or his handwriting. (16) As long as its legible, it doesnt matter how tidy it is. (17) When
someone sits down and writes just for you, you feel that when youre reading it.
(18) Though Im a teenager, I confess that I too feel thrilled to receive a letter in the mail.
(19) I love seeing my name written by hand on an envelope. (20) You make yourself a nice cup
of cocoa or lemonade, sit down in a cozy place, open your letter, and enjoy everything that the
person put into those words just for you. (21) What a gift!
CSL1P079
41
G R A D E
8
65

68
How should the underlined part of sentence 2

be rewritten to create a parallel structure?
A
easily, quickly, and as often as
in an easy way, quicker, and as many times
easy, quick, and as frequently as
easily, quick, and as many if
A Eliminate it so that images already presented

are not repeated.
B Divide it into four short sentences, one for
each action described.
C Rewrite it in the first person to match the
previous two sentences.
CSL10682.079
66
D Omit the pronouns to transform descriptions

into simple commands.
How should sentence 6 be written to reflect the

correct use of punctuation and capitalization?
A Most people would probably reply, no, it
was a waste of paper anyway, this is a much
better system.
CSL10686.079
69
B Most people would probably reply, No, it

was a waste of paper anyway. This is a much
better system.
C Most people would probably reply, no, it
was a waste of paper anyway; and this is a
much better system.
CSL10689.079
How should the underlined word in sentence 17

be written?
A
youre
your
youre
Leave as is.
Which sentence would be the best thesis

statement for the report?
A Thanks to the convenience of email, we can
keep in touch with family and friends who
live far away.
B Long ago, people had no choice but to write
letters and mail them, not knowing if or when
their messages would be received.
D Most people would probably reply No it was

a waste of paper anyway; this is a much better
system.
67
How should sentence 20 be changed to maintain

a consistent point of view?
C Creating handwritten letters and sending them

to people we miss is an art that should be
revived.
D Scribbling brief notes is just not the same as
writing long letters in which you pour out
deep thoughts and feelings.
CSL10681.079
CSL10688.079
42
G R A D E
The following is a rough draft of a students report. It contains errors.

The Amazing Maize Maze
(1) When the Egyptians built the pyramids, they included mazes to trap thieves.
(2) Even if a thief managed to enter a pyramid, they would probably never find his or her
way out. (3) Other ancient mazes have been found, from Sweden to New Mexico.
(4) Some are carved in rock or painted on cave walls, while others are built from dirt,
stones, or bricks. (5) In Ireland and Wales, pictures of mazes are put on jewelry and in
paintings. (6) Mazes have been built into the tall hedges of grand gardens in England.
(7) In 1986 the Fulks family of Fredericksburg, Virginia, decided to create a maze in
their cornfield on the Belvedere Plantation. (8) Donnie Fulks and his four sons cut some
paths here and there through the tall corn. (9) Soon this Maize Maze was so popular
with friends and nieghbors that the Fulkses found themselves creating a new maze each
year as a new crop filled the field.
(10) Some people return each year. (11) To keep it challenging for them, each corny
maze is somewhat different from the previous ones. (12) In 1998 the Fulks family hired
world-famous maze designer Adrian Fisher to create a huge maze covering 15 acres, or
650,000 square feet. (13) Each new pattern is first worked out on a computer, and the
one used in 2001 had to be changed eighteen times before it was just right. (14) After it
was finished, Donnie Fulks and his sons took a detailed drawing of the pattern divided
into squares. (15) They then started cutting the pattern into the cornfield.
(16) People from all over the country come out to the Belvedere Plantation to try to
find their way through the Fulks familys maze. (17) It is open while the corn is tall, from
mid-July through early November. (18) Visitors are given flags to mark their progress,
and for waving for help if they become lost. (19) Kids and adults have a wonderful time
working together to find their way to the end. (20) Built into the 2001 maze were several
surprises. (21) Sixty speakers provided music throughout the journey. (22) Just to be
different, the 2001 maize maze started in the center of the cornfield, making it the
worlds only inside-out maze!
CSL1P080
43
G R A D E
8
70

73
How should sentence 2 be rewritten to reflect

the use of correct grammar?
How could sentence 18 best be rewritten?
A Even if thieves managed to enter a pyramid,

they would probably never find their way out.
A Visitors are given flags to mark their

progress; and waving for help if becoming
lost.
B Even if a thief managed to enter a pyramid,

they would probably never find their way out.
B Visitors are given flags to mark their progress

and to wave for help if they become lost.
C Even if a thief managed to enter a pyramid,

he or she would probably never find their
way out.
C Visitors are given flags to mark their

progress: wave them for help if they become
lost.
D Even if thieves managed to enter a pyramid,

he or she would probably never find their
way out.
D Visitors are given flags for marking their

progress and to wave for help if they become
lost.
CSL10700.080
71
CSL10693.080
How could the phrase all of whom are strong

and talented best be placed in sentence 8 to
describe Donnie Fulks and his four sons?
74
A All of whom are strong and talented, Donnie

Fulks and his four sons cut some paths here
and there through the tall corn.
B Donnie Fulks and his four sons cut some
paths here and there through the tall corn, all
of whom are strong and talented.
Which phrase from the report contains an

underlined word that is spelled incorrectly?
A
ancient mazes
friends and nieghbors
previous ones
several surprises
C Donnie Fulks and his four sons, all of whom

are strong and talented, cut some paths here
and there through the tall corn.
D Donnie Fulks cut some paths here and there
through the tall corn, with his four sons, all of
whom are strong and talented.
CSL10699.080
72
What is the correct way to write the underlined

word in sentence 16?
A
familys
families
familys
Leave as is.
CSL10702.080
44
CSL10709.080
G R A D E
Michaels social studies teacher has asked the class to write reports. Below are the first three paragraphs from
Michaels rough draft. It may contain errors.
Faces of Stone
1
Easter Island is just a dot in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Chile. It is a
relatively small island. It has a total area of only 63 square miles. It is volcanic. This
is probably why it has no trees. The island is shaped like a boomerang, and each of
its three corners has an extinct volcano.
Easter Island was relatively unknown until 1722, when Dutch Admiral Roggeveen
arrived with the first Europeans ever to set foot on the island. To their surprise, they
were greeted by hundreds of mammoth stone statues lining the shores. To the
Europeans, the giant legless creatures appeared strange indeed. All were figures of
men with short square bodies and strangely oversized heads, many balancing red
stone cylinder-like hats on their heads. They were very similar to one another, each
with a large nose and long ears, but they were not identical. Each face was taller
than a human being, and many were as tall as a four-story building.
For an early society to have made these enormous figures with only stone tools
was an amazing feat in itself. What was even more baffling was how the people
moved the creations, some of which weighed many tons. The discovery of a large
stone quarry unlocked clues. It was apparent that this was the site where the statues
had been carved before being moved to their final resting places. Some statues
appeared to be complete, while others were barely started. When work on these
statues was suddenly abandoned, some were in the process of being moved. It was
obvious that the statue builders had cut down the islands trees to make rolling logs
and wooden scaffolds, which were then used to carry the huge statues from the
quarry to the islands perimeter.
CSW0P079
45
G R A D E
8
75

77
Read these sentences from paragraph 1 of

Michaels report.

Michaels report.
It is a relatively small island. It has a total

area of only 63 square miles.
To their surprise, they were greeted by

hundreds of mammoth stone statues
lining the shores.
What is the best way to combine these sentences

without changing the meaning?
A
It is a relatively small island because it has a

total area of only 63 square miles.
It is a relatively small island with a total area

of only 63 square miles.
It has a total area of only 63 relatively small

square miles on the island.
It is only 63 square miles of total area on the

relatively small island.
CSW00471.079
76
How should Michael change the underlined

words to make the sentence the most dramatic?
A
Much to their surprise,
To their great surprise,
To their utter amazement,
Suddenly,
CSW00474.079
78

Michaels report.
Read these sentences from paragraph 1 of

Michaels report.
For an early society to have made these

enormous figures with only stone tools
was an amazing feat in itself.
It is volcanic. This is probably why it has

no trees.
What is the correct way to spell the underlined

word?
What is the best way to combine these sentences

A
It is probably volcanic because it has no trees.
It is volcanic and this is probably why it has

no trees.
It is volcanic and has no trees and this is

probably why.
It is volcanic, which is probably why it has no

trees.
79
CSW00475.079
feet
fete
feite
Leave as is.
CSL00126.079
The best way for Michael to improve this report

would be to
A
make the report shorter and add something

funny.
use fewer facts and details and more personal

feelings.
tell about Admiral Roggeveens naval career.
include an ending that summarizes his main

points.
CSW00473.079
46
G R A D E
Laura Garca is running for student council president. Brad Daniels wrote this letter for publication in the
student newspaper. It contains errors.
Vote for Laura
Dear Glenview Junior High Student Body,
1
In two weeks, we will be voting for student council president. Dont let the sun set on election
day without voting for Laura Garca. As the campaign manager for Laura, I would like to tell
you why she is the best person to lead our student council and student body.
Laura is a good leader. As the vice president of the student council last year, Laura was able
to accomplish a great deal for the students on our campus. She could see the value of pep
rallies for football games; for example, she wanted other sports, clubs, and organizations to
benefit from the spirit and encouragement our students show at pep rallies. It was Laura who
organized the other rallies our students enjoyed last year. Laura was also responsible for the
victory pizza parties and the picnics. As a student leader, Laura knows the importance of
celebrating the successes of all the students at Glenview Junior High School.
If elected president this year, Laura promises to do even more for our student body. Laura
wants Glenview to become more involved in our community. She believes that if our students
become more involved in community activities, our community will become more involved in
our school activities. Laura believes that there is no limit to what our campus can accomplish.
She knows that we can achieve great things with our communitys help.
With her proven record of achievement and dedication, Laura is the clear choice for student
council president.
Sincerely,
Brad Daniels
CSL1P204-3
47
G R A D E
8
80
Read this sentence from paragraph 2 of Brads

letter.
82
She could see the value of pep rallies for

football games; for example, she wanted
other sports, clubs, and organizations to
benefit from the spirit and encouragement
our students show at pep rallies.
Laura is a good leader.
Given the content of paragraph 2, what is the

most precise way to rewrite this sentence?
A
Laura is an okay leader.
Laura is a typical leader.
Laura is an experienced leader.
Laura is a cautious leader.
In this sentence, ; for example, does not

correctly link the ideas. Which of these should
be used?
CSW00004.204
81 Read this sentence from paragraph 2.
, and
, or
; since
; instead
CSL11886.204
83
As the vice president of the student

council last year, Laura was able to
accomplish a great deal for the students
on our campus.
Which of the following sentences should be
added to support Brads claim and link ideas in
the paragraph?
A For example, schools that have pep rallies
win more games.
Which of these sentences could best be added at

the end of paragraph 3?
A Lauras mother is president of the athletic
booster club and teaches social studies at a
nearby high school.
B Lauras long-term goals include majoring in
political science and becoming a politician in
our local government.
C Laura has already begun attending city
council meetings in order to establish a
relationship with community leaders.
B For example, Laura thought the school was

fine as it was.
D None of these could be added.
C For example, pep rallies are a great idea for

school spirit.
CSW00001.204
D For example, it was Lauras idea to have more

pep rallies.
CSL11885.204
48

84
Which of these would make the best concluding

sentence to this letter?
86
A Laura has a family history of being a leader:

her brother was the president of the student
council five years ago.
B We can have the best year in Glenview Junior
High history if you cast your vote for Laura
Garca on October 14.
How is the organization of Brads letter best

described?
A
comparison/contrast
main idea and supporting details
sequence of events
step-by-step process
C Glenview Junior High has a strong history of

achievement; in fact, we were number one in
football last year.
D Laura Garca will go down in history as one
of Glenviews best student council vice
presidents.
CSL11887.204
85
G R A D E
In which of the following sentences is Brads

personal style most apparent?
A Dont let the sun set on election day without
voting for Laura Garca.
B It was Laura who organized the other rallies
our students enjoyed last year.
C Laura wants Glenview to become more
involved in our community.
D Laura believes that there is no limit to what
our campus can accomplish.
CSL00001.204
49
CSW00002.204
G R A D E

Jane Addams: A Woman of Character
(1) When you think of women in history who have been true pioneers, the name
Jane Addams should come to mind. (2) In the late 1800s, she founded Hull House, an
institution called a settlement house, in Chicago, Illinois. (3) Hull House was established
as a resource for immigrants as well as for any other residents of Chicago in need of
assistance. (4) Its mission reflected the compassionate spirit of its founder, who had visited
a similar institution, called Toynbee Hall, while visiting London, England.
(5) Throughout her life, Jane Addams worked real hard. (6) She was a skillful fundraiser,
and when an economic downturn occurred, it was up to her to acquire the funds necessary to
keep Hull House running. (7) She did this task by writing and lecturing across the country.
(8) She earned money through her hard work. (9) She continually used the money to improve
the lives of others. (10) Fundraising, however, was certainly not her most noteworthy
accomplishment.
(11) Among her many accomplishments, Addams was a leader in the movement to secure
voting rights for women. (12) In 1931 she was honored with one of the most important awards
in the world, the Nobel Peace Prize. (13) This recognition was especially significant because
Jane Addams was the first American woman ever to receive this prize. (14) Jane Addamss
devotion and selflessness are qualities that will live on through others who are inspired by her
sense of dedication and courage.
CSL1P119-3
50

87
88
Read this sentence.
The money she earned through her hard work

was the money continually used to improve
the lives of others.
She earned money through her hard work,

and she continually used the money to
improve the lives of others.
She continually used the money she earned

through her hard work to improve the lives of
others.
Continually improving the lives of others was

the purpose of the money she earned through
her hard work.
What is the most accurate replacement for the

underlined word in this sentence?
done
centered on
looked at
accomplished
How are sentences 8 and 9 best combined?
She did this task by writing and lecturing

across the country.
G R A D E
CSL11092.119
CSL11068.119
51
G R A D E

Clarisse Jones
Social Studies
Ms. Montoya
May 9, 2003
The Massachusetts 54th Infantry Regiment

1
In 1863, Governor John Andrew of Massachusetts made an important decision

when he allowed African-American men to enlist as Union soldiers in the Civil War.
Some of these new enlistees was assigned to the 54th Infantry Regiment. Members
of the 54th were not the first African Americans to fight. Their brave acts made the
group one of the most famous.
In May 1863, the 54th Infantry Regiment, led by Colonel Robert Shaw, completed
its training and headed into battle. In July, the troops were sent to take Fort Wagner,
a Confederate military installation, in Charleston, South Carolina. A small part of
this beach was the only entrance to this target on Morris Island. Members of the 54th
believed that the Union Navy had already weakened the fort; however, the soldiers
faced tremendous gunfire as they approached the forts walls. Their commanding
officer ordered the troops over the wall and into their worst battle. The soldiers fought
hard, but realized that they had little chance of winning. Sergeant William Carney,
the flag bearer of the 54th, was severely injured as he carried the flag back to safety.
As a result of his bravery, Carney was the first African American to receive the
Congressional Medal of Honor.
Almost half of the soldiers in the 54th Infantry Regiment were wounded or killed
in the onslaught at Fort Wagner. Word of the courageous acts of these Union soldiers
spread throughout the northern states and led to a great increase in the enlistment
of African Americans. The regiment unit even played a role in securing equivalent pay
for African-American soldiers.
After fighting at Fort Wagner, however, the men of the 54th had no time to rest. The
54th Infantry Regiment went on to fight in several other battles, and in August 1865,
the soldiers were discharged from the United States Army. In 1897, a Monument was
sculpted in Boston, Massachusetts, to commemorate the heroism of the 54th. This
memorial honors these heroes appropriately by depicting Colonel Shaw and his troops
marching into battle.
CSL1P159-3
52

89
Read these sentences from paragraph 1 of the

report.
91
In 1863, Governor John Andrew of

Massachusetts made an important
decision when he allowed AfricanAmerican men to enlist as Union soldiers
in the Civil War. Some of these new
enlistees was assigned to the 54th Infantry
Regiment.
part of the second sentence to maintain
consistency of verb tense?
A
have been assigned
were assigned
are being assigned
are assigned

report.
Members of the 54th were not the first

African Americans to fight. Their brave acts
made the group one of the most famous.
Which sentence demonstrates the best way to
combine these two sentences?
A Members of the 54th were not the first African
Americans to fight, but their brave acts made
the group one of the most famous.
B Members of the 54th were not the first African
Americans to fight, and their brave acts made
C Members of the 54th were not the first African
Americans to fight, because their brave acts
made the group one of the most famous.
CSL12004.159
90
G R A D E
Which sentence could best be added at the

beginning of the report to attract the attention
of the reader?
D Members of the 54th were not the first African

Americans to fight, so their brave acts made
A As amazing as it may seem, sometimes one

decision alters the course of history.
B A governor changed a law that altered history.
C One famous battle that made history started
with a simple decision.
D During the Civil War, John Andrew was
governor of one of the Union states.
CSL12003.159
53
CSL12005.159
G R A D E
8
92

94
Read this sentence from paragraph 2 of the

report.

report.
A small part of the beach was the only

entrance to this target on Morris Island.
The 54th Infantry Regiment went on

to fight in several other battles, and in
August 1865, the soldiers were discharged
from the United States Army. In 1897,
a Monument was sculpted in Boston,
Massachusetts, to commemorate the
heroism of the 54th.
What is the best way to revise this sentence to

make the meaning more clear?
A A part of the beach was the only land entrance
to the oppositions well-guarded place on
Morris Island.
B A narrow strip of beach created a land bridge
to the Confederacys well-guarded fortress on
Morris Island.
C A bit of the beach made up the only bridge
to the well-guarded site of the enemys on
Morris Island.
Which underlined word from the sentences

should not be capitalized?
A
August
Army
Monument
Boston
D A slice of beach led to the fort on Morris

Island where the well-guarded enemy was
waiting.
CSL12013.159
CSL12008.159
93
Which sentence could best be added to the

beginning of paragraph 3 to improve the
transition between paragraphs 2 and 3?
A
African Americans fought a mighty battle

that day.
The soldiers fiercely attacked Fort Wagner.
The Medal of Honor is a prestigious award.
Carney was one of many soldiers injured

that day.
CSL12010.159
54
G R A D E
The following is a rough draft of a students letter. It may contain errors.

Dear Sebastian Valley School Board:
1
Currently, school commences before most people even dream about waking up.
I would like to ask that the starting time be changed at our school. Classes at
Sebastian Valley Middle School simply start too early in the morning.
In spite of what many people believe, teens and pre-teens need as much sleep as
younger children. Getting the recommended eight to nine hours of sleep each night is
almost inconceivable when classes begin at 7:30 A.M. In order to shower, dress, get
organized, eat a quick breakfast, and meet the school bus by 6:45, I would have to get
up at 5:45.
Early in the morning, students are too sleepy to learn well. Sleep is food for the brain.
Without sufficient sleep, young people cannot think clearly, complete assignments, or
enjoy learning. According to a report entitled Are Students Getting Enough Sleep?
from a recent edition of Sebastian Valley Times, sleepiness decreases concentration,
reduces short-term memory, and causes bad moods.
Researchers have learned that teens routinely fall asleep and wake up later than
adults. Teens who stay up late at night have trouble getting up early in the morning.
Studies show that some schools have already adjusted school hours to better match
the teen sleep cycle; consequently, students in these schools are learning better on
the new schedule.
Some of my classmates argue that starting school an hour later will prevent them
from participating in after-school athletic programs and extracurricular activities.
A solution would be to hold extracurricular activities before school instead of after
school. Those students who are involved in sports, drama, and clubs would continue
to arrive at the usual time. The rest of the student body could get a little more sleep
and arrive an hour or so later.
To sum up, teens need as much or more sleep than adults, have a later sleep cycle,
and learn and behave better when rested. For these reasons, I would like to suggest
that we have an assembly to discuss the issue of the school start time and give all
students an opportunity to vote.
Thank you for considering this request,
Tom Sullivan, Grade 8
CSL2P071-3
55
G R A D E
8
95

98
Which sentence could best be added at the

end of the first paragraph to generate reader
interest?
A
There is something I want to discuss.
I have a simple solution to a schoolwide
problem.
We start school very early.
It is difficult to wake up in the morning.
Researchers have learned that teens

routinely fall asleep and wake up later
than adults.
What is the best word to replace the underlined
word in the sentence and still convey the same
meaning?
CSL20310.071
96
Read this sentence from paragraph 4 of the

letter.
Which statement best represents the controlling

idea of the letter?
normally
occasionally
The school day should commence an hour

later.
always
Many student activities should be rescheduled.
randomly
Many teens stay up too late.
Students prefer sleep to outside activities.
CSL20316.071
99
Which quotation would best support the thesis

of the letter?
CSL20323.071
A As our gym teacher states, No one disputes

the importance of outside activities.
97 Which sentence would serve as the best

transition between paragraphs 2 and 3?
B Formal study times are essential for longterm student success, suggests one report.
A I hope my letter serves its purpose of

explaining my problem.
B Lack of sleep can prevent students from doing
their best in school.
C When teens stay up late, they might find it
challenging to participate in sports.
C According to one researcher, Students learn

best in those schools with late start times.
D The health teacher asserts, Eating well
provides the body with important nutrients.
CSL20322.071
D The time for a vote is nowbefore a new

semester of school begins.
CSL20313.071
56
G R A D E
The following is a rough draft of a students letter. It contains errors.

Dear Consumer:
1
Are you concerned about the quality of our environment? Do you look for new ways
to conserve energy? Do you ever wonder what can be done to protect our natural
resources? Consumers can and must make a difference by considering alternate
energy options.
Each year electric utilities in the United States provide trillions of kilowatt-hours to
their customers, but this energy source gives off tons of carbon monoxide. Carbon
monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas and is poisonous and is sometimes deadly. This
situation makes it necessary to use other sources of electrical power sources that are
safer cleaner and renewable. Two types of environmentally friendly energy sources are
hydropower and solar power. Even these sources have those pros and cons.
Solar power, which transforms the suns energy into electricity, can be used anywhere
there is abundant sunlight, and this type of energy system can operate for long
periods without replacement. After collecting energy from the sun, huge panels store
the solar power. Once installed, solar panels do not need to be monotored very often.
They do need a large, expensive battery bank; consequently, the cost of installation
can be high.
Hydropower which uses the movement of water to create energy, is less expensive
per kilowatt-hour than solar power and does not require a battery bank. Hydropower
plants must be located near water and can be very expensive to install because the
water source must be diverted to the plant.
Both solar power and hydropower produce less pollution than electrical power, and
both are renewable. Solar power and hydropower are quiet, you can rely on them,
and clean. These two sources of power provide possible alternatives to coal- and
fossil-fuel-burning plants, which create pollutants in our air and water. While the
initial cost and effort of using environmentally friendly power sources might be high,
the price of not using them is even higher.
Sincerely,
A Concerned Citizen
CSL1P133-3
57
G R A D E
8
100

102
Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless

gas and is poisonous and is sometimes
deadly.
Even these sources have those pros and

cons.
What is the correct way to rewrite the
underlined word in the sentence?
Which is the best way to rewrite the sentence?

A Carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless
gas, is poisonous and sometimes deadly.
B A colorless and odorless gas, carbon
monoxide is a poisonous and is sometimes a
deadly gas.
C Poisonous, sometimes deadly, carbon
monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas.
these
its
their
them
CSL11195.133
103
D Colorless and odorless, carbon monoxide is

a poisonous gas, and it can sometimes be a
deadly one.
Once installed, solar panels do not need to

be monotored very often.
CSL11944.133
101

What is the correct spelling of the underlined
word in the sentence?
This situation makes it necessary to use
other sources of electrical power sources
that are safer cleaner and renewable.
What is the correct way to punctuate the

underlined part of the sentence?
monitorred
monatored
monoterred
monitored
CSL11946.133
other sources of electrical power, sources that

are safer cleaner and renewable.
other sources of electrical power; sources that

are safer; cleaner; and renewable.
other sources of electrical power, sources that

are safer, cleaner, and renewable.
other sources of electrical power sources, that

are safer, cleaner and renewable.
CSL11945.133
58

104
105
G R A D E
Hydropower which uses the movement of

water to create energy, is less expensive
per kilowatt-hour than solar power and
does not require a battery bank.
Solar power and hydropower are quiet,

you can rely on them, and clean.
What is the best way to rewrite the underlined
part of the sentence using parallel structure?
Where should a comma be added in the

sentence above?
A
after Hydropower
after water
after expensive
after power
reliable
relied upon
relying on them
are reliable
CSL11192.133
CSL11198.133
59
G R A D E
The following is a rough draft of Carlas report. It contains errors.

Florence Nightingale, Mathematician
1
People think of Florence Nightingale as the perfect nurse spending her whole
life working with patients. The truth is that she spent only three important years
as a nurse. The rest of her career was spent writing letters and working to improve
hospitals by using statistical studies.
Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 to a wealthy British family. During this
time, young girls were not usually provided a regerous education. Their only future
would be as good wives and mothers. At the age of 16, Florence Nightingale grew tired
of sewing and other female activities. She begged her family to allow her to get extra
tutoring in mathematics.
By age 24, she decided that she wanted to be a nurse. This decision was terrible
news to her family. It was widely believed that only poor women with few morals
became nurses. There was no training available in England because being a nurse
was just an unpleasant, unskilled job. Florence Nightingale, however, did receive
some training in France. She then became the superintendent of the nurses at the
Hospital for Invalid Gentlewomen in London. She did an excellent job. In 1855 the
British Minister of War asked her to help out in a British hospital in Turkey during
the Crimean War.
Florence Nightingale agreed to go, and she spent three years in the Crimea. She
found the hospital was dirty when she arrived. Many of the soldiers, instead of being
cured, died from disease or from dirt in their wounds. She cleaned up the hospital
and, by writing angry letters, got better supplies and food from England for the men.
Because of her efforts, the death rate at the hospital dropped from 42 percent to
2.2 percent.
When Florence Nightingale returned from the Crimea, she was very ill. She
remained ill for most of her life. From that point on, she worked by writing thousands
of letters to the government. She used her mathematical skills to prove that
cleanliness was extremely important in hospitals. Since most people would not follow
difficult mathematics formulas, she invented pie charts. In these charts, wedges in a
circle show the relative size of numbers. Because of her letters and use of statistics,
hospitals began changing the way they take care of patients. Also, they started
training their nurses better.
In 1860, Florence Nightingale used government funds to open the Nightingale

School and Home for Nurses in London. Only the best women applicants were
accepted. This institution provided the first official opportunity for educated women in
England to learn how to take care of patients. Nursing eventually became an accepted
and honored profession.
60
G R A D E
In 1907, King Edward VII awarded Florence Nightingale the Order of Merit. She
was the first woman to receive this honor. Florence Nightingale changed the medical
profession forever, but the way she changed it was not through direct service but
through mathematics.
CSL0P022-5
106
Read this sentence from paragraph 2 of Carlas

report.
108

report.
During this time, young girls were not

usually provided a regerous education.
She found the hospital was dirty when she

arrived.
What is the correct way to spell the underlined

word?
Which is the best way to write this sentence

rigarous
rigerus
The hospital she found was dirty when she

arrived.
rigorous
When she arrived, she found the hospital dirty.
Leave as is.
The hospital she found when she arrived was

dirty.
She was dirty when she arrived and found the

hospital.
CSL00112.022
107

report.
From that point on, she worked by writing

thousands of letters to the government.
Which phrase should Carla add to this sentence
for emphasis?
A
By the way,
Once and for all,
To be specific,
In fact,
CSW00462.022
61
CSW00461.022
G R A D E
8
109

report.
The following questions are not about a passage. Read

and answer each question.
111
Because of her letters and use of

statistics, hospitals began changing the
way they take care of patients.
Read this sentence.
If you walk up the street and take a left, I

believe you will find it.

words?
A
they are taking care of
they took care of
they have taken care of
Leave as is.

words?
A
left I believe
left I believe,
left, I, believe
Leave as is.
CSW00458.022
110 What is the organizational pattern of Carlas

report?
A
order of importance
comparison and contrast
problem and solution
chronological order
CSL00228.OSA
112
Read this sentence.
Found deep underwater most of the

worlds glowing creatures are.
CSW00459.022
What is the correct way to write this sentence?

A
Most of the worlds glowing creatures are

found deep underwater.
Deep underwater found are most of the

worlds glowing creatures.
Deep underwater are found most of the

worlds creatures, glowing.
Leave as is.
CSL00218.OSA
62

113
114
Read this sentence.
G R A D E
Read this sentence.
Violetta cooked the spaghetti, Gino made

the salad, and I prepared the soup.
I cant go to the party tomorrow night

because Im work on my report all evening.
How is this sentence best written?

A Violetta cooked the spaghetti, Gino the salad,
and I preparing the soup.
B Violetta cooked the spaghetti, Gino makes the
salad, and I the soup.
C Violetta cooked the spaghetti, Gino making
the salad, and I prepare the soup.
How is the underlined part of this sentence best

written?
A
I work
Ill be working
Ive worked
Leave as is.
CSL40111.OSA
D Leave as is.
CSL40106.OSA
63
G R A D E
Question Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Correct Answer
D
B
D
B
C
D
D
C
A
C
B
A
D
B
C
D
D
B
B
C
C
C
B
D
D
C
A
B
C
questionCremoved
questionCremoved
questionBremoved
questionAremoved
questionCremoved
A
Standard
8RW1.2
8RL3.7
8RL3.6
8RL3.2
8RL3.1
8RW1.3
8RC2.2
8RC2.2
8RC2.6
8RC2.6
8RC2.7
8RC2.2
8RW1.3
8RC2.3
8RC2.1
8RC2.3
8RL3.6
8RL3.2
8RL3.2
8RL3.1
8RL3.6
8RL3.7
8RL3.3
8RL3.3
8RW1.2
8RC2.5
8RC2.5
8RC2.1
8RC2.5
8RC2.4
8RW1.3
8RC2.2
8RC2.7
8RC2.2
8RC2.1
Year of Release
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
64
G R A D E

Question Number
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Correct Answer
A
C
D
B
C
C
D
B
C
B
B
Standard
8RC2.5
8RC2.5
8RC2.5
8RC2.2
8RW1.1
8RW1.3
8RL3.6
8RL3.7
8RL3.6
8RW1.1
8RL3.5
Year of Release
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
C
C
C
A
C
B
B
A
D
B
C
D
A
C
C
C
B
A
A
B
D
C
C
A
8RL3.3
8RL3.3
8RL3.2
8RL3.4
8RL3.3
8RL3.2
8RL3.1
8RC2.7
8RW1.3
8RC2.6
8RC2.6
8RC2.3
8RC2.3
8RW1.2
8RW1.3
8WC1.1
8WS1.2
8WS1.1
8WC1.2
8WC1.5
8WC1.4
8WS1.6
8WS1.1
8WC1.4
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2003
2006
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2004
65
G R A D E
Question Number
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
Correct Answer
C
D
B
B
B
D
C
D
D
C
D
A
C
B
A
B
D
C
B
A
A
B
D
C
B
A
B
A
C
A
C
C
D
A
A
Standard
8WC1.3
8WC1.6
8WC1.2
8WC1.6
8WS1.2
8WS1.2
8WS1.6
8WC1.6
8WS1.1
8WS1.6
8WS1.3
8WS1.2
8WS1.3
8WS1.1
8WC1.1
8WS1.6
8WS1.6
8WC1.3
8WC1.4
8WC1.1
8WC1.3
8WS1.6
8WS1.6
8WC1.5
8WC1.1
8WS1.1
8WS1.2
8WS1.6
8WS1.3
8WC1.3
8WC1.4
8WC1.4
8WC1.6
8WC1.5
8WC1.2
Year of Release
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
66
G R A D E

Question Number
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
Correct Answer
C
D
B
B
D
D
A
D
B
Standard
8WC1.6
8WS1.1
8WS1.6
8WS1.2
8WS1.1
8WC1.5
8WC1.3
8WC1.2
8WC1.4
Year of Release
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2006
2006
2008
2008
67

Cstrtqela 8

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Cstrtqela 8

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G R A D E

Released Test Questions

Introduction - Grade 8 EnglishLanguage Arts

Literary Response and Analysis

Released Test Questions

The Word Analysis Strand/Cluster

Vocabulary and Concept Development: Analyze idioms, analogies, metaphors, and

Released Test Questions

Comprehension and Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Find similarities and

8RC2.4 Comprehension and Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Compare the original

Comprehension and Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Understand and

8RC2.6 Comprehension and Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Use information from a

Released Test Questions

The Literary Response and Analysis Strand/Cluster

LITERARY RESPONSE AND ANALYSIS: Students read and respond to historically or

Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Evaluate the structural elements of

Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Compare and contrast motivations

Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Analyze the relevance of the

Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Identify and analyze recurring

Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text: Identify significant literary devices

Released Test Questions

The Writing Strategies Strand/Cluster

Organization and Focus: Create compositions that establish a controlling impression,

Organization and Focus: Support theses or conclusions with analogies, paraphrases,

Released Test Questions

The Written Conventions Strand/Cluster

WRITTEN AND ORAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE CONVENTIONS: Students write and

Sentence Structure: Use subordination, coordination, apposition, and other devices to

Grammar: Edit written manuscripts to ensure that correct grammar is used.

Punctuation and Capitalization: Use correct punctuation and capitalization.

Spelling: Use correct spelling conventions.

Released Test Questions

Watermelons were so much sweeter then,

Softly, in the dusk, a woman is singing to me:

Released Test Questions

The word appassionato in line 10 of Piano

softly and quietly.

loudly and humorously.

with a gentle touch.

with strong feeling.

In Piano, what causes the speaker to recall

the sight of a piano

What is the main purpose of Reminiscing?

The structure of Reminiscing is similar to

to tell a story about a childhood experience

separate ideas into stanzas.

to capture a feeling from the past

alternate the length of lines.

to debate whether childhood or adulthood is

organize lines into rhyming couplets.

use the same number of syllables per line.

to describe a person who was important in the

In lines 11 and 12 of Piano, the words my

proud of what he has accomplished.

strongly connected to his father.

that his mother relied on him when he was

Released Test Questions

Evergreen Teen Book Club Offer

Evergreen Teen Book Club Return Policy

Released Test Questions

Read this sentence from Document A.

You checked a box on the mailing label.

You listed it ahead of time on your

A phenomenal offer is one that is

You called the Customer Service Department.

You indicated it on the certificate you used.

Begin now by taking advantage of this

How does the club know what to do about your

Document A tries to do all of these except

interest you in reading.

convince you to buy something.

offer you extra benefits.

explain a warranty to you.

Shipping charges for returns will be paid by the

you return a book within 21 days.

you request credit rather than a check.