Technology's Generation

SAAD AHMED
BE (VI)
Using Analog signals

Listen to handset
Frequency typically 150MHz & above
Poor voice quality

Poor battery life
Large phone size
No security
Frequent call drops
Limited capacity and poor handoff
reliability.
2G phones using global system for mobile communications

(GSM) were first used in the early 1990 s in Europe. GSM provides
voice and limited data services and uses digital modulation for
improved audio quality. Digital AMPS , CDMA were some of the 2G
systems.
FEATURES INCLUDES:
An interim stage that is taken between 2G and

3G that is 2.5G
Features includes:o Phone calls/ Fax

o
o
o
o
o
o
Voice mail
Send/Receive e-mail messages
web browsing
camera phones
speed: 64-144 kb/sec
Time to download a 3 min MP3 song: 6-9 min
To meet the growing demand in network capacity,
rates required
for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications , 3G

standards started evolving.
It is based on the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards.
3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider
range of more advanced services.

Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video-calls and
broadband wireless data , all in a mobile environment.

The data are sent through the technology called
Packet switching.Voice calls are interpreted
through circuit switching.
Phone calls/ fax

Global roaming
Send/receive large email messages
High speed web
Navigation / maps
Video conferencing
TV streaming
Electronic agenda meeting reminder
Speed: 200 kb/sec-2mb/sec
Time to download a 3 min MP3 song:
11 sec-1.5 min
Music is an important mobile

Content category.
Mobiles cant compete with Ipads
True mobility immediate & direct
access to downloadable music,with
no cables or PC.
3G technology has taken the gaming to the next level.
Real-time multiplayer gaming is possible in 3G system.
Innovative new services are being added by developer

daily.
Not simply rebroadcast of TV or website

Enhanced existing service for mobile environment.
Multi-faceted 24*7 access to multiple
live streams , video , image & text
content , voting , messaging.
content
User interaction on multiple levels.
Fully integrated in browser one click access.
New radio spectrum to relieve
overcrowding in
existing systems.
More bandwidth , security & reliability.
Inter-portability between services providers.
High data rates.
Rich multimedia services.
Always online devices.
Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses.

Numerous differences in the licensing terms.
It is a challenge to build the necessary
infrastructure for 3G
Expense of 3G phones .
Lack of buybuy-in by 2G mobile users for the new 3G
wireless services.
Large cell phones.
Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere

One of the terms used to describe 4G is:
Mobile Multimedia
Anytime Anywhere
Global mobility Support
Integrated wireless solution and
Customized personal service.
Faster and more reliable 100 Mbps

Lower cost than previous generations.
Multi
Multi-standard wireless system
Bluetooth , Wifi
Coverage of wide area.
Wide Variety of services capability.
IPv6 core
Potentially IEEE standards 802.11
Only packet switching used unlike previous generations.
MIMO(Multiple In Multiple Out) replace CDMA spread spectrum radio
technology..
technology
For the customer

Video streaming , TV broadcast
Video calls , video clips- news , music , sports
Enhanced gaming , chat , location services
For Business
High speed Tele-working / VPN access

Sales force automation
Video conferencing
Real-time financial information
Specifications
3G
Frequency band
1.5- 2.8 GHz
Band width
5-20 MHz
Data rate
upto 2 Mbps
4G
2-8 GHz
5-20 MHz
20 Mbps or more
Access
wideband CDMA
Multi-carrier-CDMA or
OFDM(TDMA)
FEC
Turbo codes
concatenated codes
Switching
Circuit/ Packet
Top speeds
200kmph
Packet
200kmph
High usability: anytime, anywhere and with any technology.

Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost.
Higher bandwidth , tight network security.
The equipment required to implement a next generation

network is still very expensive.
Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure
that expenses are kept realistic.

Technology's Generation

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SAAD AHMED

Using Analog signals

Poor voice quality

2G phones using global system for mobile communications

An interim stage that is taken between 2G and

Features includes:o Phone calls/ Fax

To meet the growing demand in network capacity,

for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications , 3G

range of more advanced services.

broadband wireless data , all in a mobile environment.

Packet switching.Voice calls are interpreted

through circuit switching.

Phone calls/ fax

Music is an important mobile

True mobility immediate & direct

access to downloadable music,with

3G technology has taken the gaming to the next level.

Real-time multiplayer gaming is possible in 3G system.

Innovative new services are being added by developer

Not simply rebroadcast of TV or website

New radio spectrum to relieve

Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses.

Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere

Faster and more reliable 100 Mbps

For the customer

High speed Tele-working / VPN access

1.5- 2.8 GHz

High usability: anytime, anywhere and with any technology.

The equipment required to implement a next generation

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