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    Extraction of Caffeine

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    Monamiele Yambao
    The document describes the methodology used to extract caffeine from tealeaves using single and multiple extractions. Tea bags were boiled in water to extract caffeine into the water. Dichloromethane was then used to extract the caffeine from the water through liquid-liquid extraction. Single extraction yielded 0.0290g of caffeine (0.45%), while multiple extractions yielded 0.0165g (0.25%). The results contradict the expectation that multiple extractions would yield more caffeine.

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    Extraction of Caffeine

    Uploaded by

    Monamiele Yambao
    144 views4 pages
    The document describes the methodology used to extract caffeine from tealeaves using single and multiple extractions. Tea bags were boiled in water to extract caffeine into the water. Dichloromethane was then used to extract the caffeine from the water through liquid-liquid extraction. Single extraction yielded 0.0290g of caffeine (0.45%), while multiple extractions yielded 0.0165g (0.25%). The results contradict the expectation that multiple extractions would yield more caffeine.

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    The document describes the methodology used to extract caffeine from tealeaves using single and multiple extractions. Tea bags were boiled in water to extract caffeine into the water. Dichloromethane was then used to extract the caffeine from the water through liquid-liquid extraction. Single extraction yielded 0.0290g of caffeine (0.45%), while multiple extractions yielded 0.0165g (0.25%). The results contradict the expectation that multiple extractions would yield more caffeine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    144 views4 pages

    Extraction of Caffeine

    Uploaded by

    Monamiele Yambao
    The document describes the methodology used to extract caffeine from tealeaves using single and multiple extractions. Tea bags were boiled in water to extract caffeine into the water. Dichloromethane was then used to extract the caffeine from the water through liquid-liquid extraction. Single extraction yielded 0.0290g of caffeine (0.45%), while multiple extractions yielded 0.0165g (0.25%). The results contradict the expectation that multiple extractions would yield more caffeine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4
    At a glance
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    The experiment aims to extract and compute the percent of caffeine from tealeaves using solid-liquid extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, and single vs multiple extraction.

    The two types of extraction methods discussed are solid-liquid extraction and liquid-liquid extraction.

    Dichloromethane was used for liquid-liquid extraction because caffeine is more soluble in it while tannins remain in the aqueous solution due to differences in solubility.

    Methodology

    The materials used in the experiment are the following: 3 teabags of Lipton
    tea, 400 mL beaker, 150 mL boiling water, separatory funnel, 60 mL of
    dichloromethane (Ch2Cl2), Erlenmeyer flask, 20 mL 6M sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 1
    spatula anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), evaporating dish and water bath.
    Single and Multiple extraction were performed to extract caffeine from the
    tealeaves. To start, the tea were removed from the bag for weighing and was later
    returned in the bag. The weights were recorded. The three tea bags were then
    placed in a 400 mL beaker with 150 mL boiling water. The tealeaves were boiled for
    five minutes. Ice were added to cool the tea extract and was transferred in a
    separatory funnel. Sixty (60) mL of Ch2Cl2 was added to the separatory funnel. The
    separatory funnel was swirled gently to avoid emulsion being formed. Once the two layers of liquid

    (Ch2Cl2) was drained into a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The


    upper layer was discarded. Lower layer was transferred in a separatory funnel and
    20 mL 6M NaOH was added. The separatory funnel was again swirled gently. Lower
    layer was drained into a clean dry 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The upper layer was
    discarded .One spatula anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na 2SO4) was placed in the flask
    with the lower layer. The contents were swirled and decanted. The residue of the
    mixture was discarded. The decantate was transferred in a pre-weighed evaporating
    dish and was evaporated over a water bath. Then, the collected caffeine was cooled
    and weighed. The Percent yield of caffeine was calculated and its description was
    recorded. Same procedures were done for the multiple extraction except that 20 mL
    of Ch2Cl2 was added into the separatory funnel then the funnel was swirled and the
    lower layer was then drained. These procedures were done for three times.
    were separated, the lower layer

    Table 1. Results for Single Extraction of Group 11 and Multiple Extraction of Group 9
    and 10
    Weight of tealeaves
    Weight of empty evap.
    dish
    Weight of empty evap.
    dish + caffeine
    Weight of caffeine
    Percent (%) caffeine
    Appearance of caffeine

    Single Extraction
    6.3962 g

    Multiple Extraction
    6.3769 g

    118.7896 g

    116.0002 g

    118.8186 g

    116.0167 g

    0.0290 g
    0.45 %
    Yellowish-white powder

    0.0165 g
    0.25 %
    White powder

    Table 1 shows that the usage of single extraction yielded 0.0290 g (0. 45%)
    caffeine which is greater than the 0.0165 g caffeine (0.25%) produced by multiple
    extraction. The results obtained contradicts to the idea that multiple extraction
    yields more caffeine compared to single extraction (site reference).

    Introduction
    Many organic compounds are obtained from natural sources through extraction. This
    method takes advantage of the solubility characteristics of a particular organic substance with a
    given solvent. The mixture is brought into contact with a solvent in which the substance of
    interest is soluble, but the other substances present are insoluble. Extractions use two immiscible
    phases to separate the substance from one phase into the other. There are two types of extraction
    namely solid-liquid extraction and liquid-liquid extraction.
    In solid-liquid extraction compounds are dissolved in a solvent separating them from
    other compounds due to differences in properties. . On the other hand, liquid-liquid extraction
    consists of transferring one solute to another immiscible solvent.
    Caffeine belongs to the family of heterocyclic compounds known as purines. The
    chemical formula is C8H10N4O2. Caffeine has a molar mass of 194.19 grams. Caffeine can be
    classified as an alkaloid, a term used for substances produced as end products of
    nitrogen metabolism in some plants. Like other alkaloids, caffeine has powerful physiological
    effects on humans and animals. It is soluble in water and in many organic solvents, and it appears
    in pure form as white crystals. Caffeine can be prepared by extraction from natural sources or
    by synthesis from uric acid. Caffeine is one of the main substances that make up tea solution.
    Other than tea, coffee, chocolate, and some cola drinks contain caffeine.[1]
    Tealeaves consist primarily of cellulose and is not soluble to water. In the experiment
    both solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction were performed. Caffeine is readily soluble in hot
    water (extracting solvent) and is thus separated from tea leaves. However, other complex
    substances such as tannins colored phenolic compoundsare also soluble to water. These
    tannins are insoluble in organic solvent such as dichloromethane. Caffeine is more soluble in
    dichloromethane. Thus, caffeine can be extracted from the tea solution using dichloromethane as
    solvent and tannins are remained in the aqueous solution. The difference in density of water and
    dichloromethane determines what layer should be discarded. Since water is less dense than
    dichloromethane, therefore water stays above the dichloromethane.
    This experiment aims to extract and to compute the percent of caffeine from tealeaves
    with the use of solid-liquid extraction (H2O as solvent), liquid-liquid extraction (dichloromethane
    as solvent), single and multiple extraction.

    References
    Battelheim, F. & Landesberg, J. (2001). Laboratory experiments for organic and
    biochemistry. Forth Worth: Saunders College.
    Engel, R. (2011). Introduction to organic laboratory techniques: a small scale
    approach. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole.
    Battelheim, F. & Landesberg, J. (2010). Laboratory experiments for introduction to
    general, organic and biochemistry. Australia: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.
    Vlab.amrita.edu,. (2011). Extraction of caffeine from tea. Retrieved 21 February
    2016, from vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=3&brch=64&sim=169&cnt=1

    Appendix B
    Computation of percent caffeine from tea leaves with the use of single and multiple
    extraction

    weight of caffeine
    Percent yield (g)
    =
    weight

    X 100

    of

    Single Extraction

    Percent yield =

    0.0290 g
    6.3962 g

    X 100 = 0.45%

    Multiple Extraction

    Percent yield =

    0.0165 g
    6.3769 g

    X 100 = 0.25%

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