Sound - Syno and Exercise1
Sound - Syno and Exercise1
Sound - Syno and Exercise1
1.
i)
ii)
y
X
(x,0)
3.
i)
dy
kA cos t kx
dx
v particle
k
slope of the wave
y A sin t kx , y A sink vt x
t x
y A sin2
T
y displacement of the particle located at
position 'x' at time 't'.
x Particle position at time 't'
k Propogation constant k
v)
2 y
1 2y
i)
v particle
ii)
v particle A 2 y 2
dy
A cos t kx
dt
PHASE :
In the plane progressive wave equation
t kx denotes phase.
Phase change with time:
The phase change at a given point in time
interval t is
2
t
T
2
x
INTENSITY OF A WAVE :
The wave intensity is defined as the average
amount of energy flowing in a medium per unit
time normal to unit area of cross section.
1
2a2v , 22 f2a2v
2
a amplitude, f frequency
v wave velocity ,
density of the medium
ii)
p
1
2
2
4r
r
energy Intensity
2 2f2a2
volume velocity
y 2 A Cos kx Sinwt
Cos kx 1 , kx n (or) x
(where n = 0,1,2, ...........)
n
2
2 3 4
, , ,
..........
2 2 2 2
x=(2n + 1)
wave is represented by
yr Ar sin t kx (or)
yr A r sin t kx
2) Reflection from free end : When a wave is
reflected from a free end, then there is no change
of phase
(Where n = 0, 1, 2, 3 .........)
4
3 5 7
, , ..............
4 4 4 4
x= ,
d
Mg 1
db
V
2n 1
3 5 7
, , ...............
4 4 4 4
x= ,
kx = n, x =
n
2
(Where n = 0, 1, 2, 3 ...........)
Nodes are formed at
2 3 4
, , ...........
2 2 2 2
x=0, ,
F = YA V =
VT
VB
ix)
M m
T
M
B
M m
M
m as s
A d
A d r 2d
le ng th
V=
Ad
Mg
g
13. FORMATION OF A STATIONARY WAVE
ON A STRETCHED STRING :
When a stretched string is plucked, a transverse
wave travels along its length, it gets reflected at
other end, the superposition of incident and
reflected waves form stationary wave.
i) Fundamental mode or first harmonic:
The string vibrates in fundamental mode when
the string is plucked at mid point
T
r 2d
v)
Y
d
YA
Ad
YA
STRINGS
ii)
YAe
YAe
T
YAe
Ye
m
d
d
T Mg 1
db
[ T = Mg]
one
AN
N
1
n
2
and 2 , n = ,
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
one
N three
1 l , n
x)
No.of
nodes
Ad
n ,
n1 1 n 2 2
T1
, are constants)
T2 (
l
then the
2P
b)
c)
d)
No.of
antinodes
, n1 = 2n
No.of
Loops
( , T are constants)
Ad
In this case n
a)
2
2
P T
P
2
2
Harmonics
(n+1)
(n-1)
1
(law of length)
e)
f)
Overtone
g)
b)
c)
d)
ii)
-3
-1
i)
ii)
P
PV
nRT
RT
mass
mass
M
V
RT
3 RT
; Vrms
;
Vrms 3
M
M
1/ 2
Effect of temperature :
With rise in temperature velocity of sound in a
gas increases.
273 t C
273 t C
0
V
T
V
V T 1 1 1
V2
T2
V2
t 0C
Vt
273 t 0C
Vt V0 1
V0
273
546
ii)
b)
AN
Fundamental
l=
1
4
,n1 =
v
4l
First overtone
l =
3 2
4
, n2 =
3v
i)
ii)
Second overtone
l=
Fundamental frequency is fC
5 3
4
4l
ii)
AN
N
AN
N
l
AN
AN
AN
, n3 =
5v
4l
V
4
ii)
2N 1 V
vii) Frequency n =
where N = 1, 2, 3
4
...... corresponding to order of mode of
vibration.
viii) Position of node from closed end,
3
x = 0, , ,
.........
2
2
L| = (L+2e)
3 5
,
x= ,
.........
4 4 4
v)
AN
AN
AN
N
N
N
AN
AN
N
Fundamental
l
i)
1
v
,n1
2
2
v
l
i)
AN
First overtone
3 3
3v
,n3
2
2l
Fundamental frequency is f0 =
V
2
1,2,3
......
NV
2
3 5
, ,
........
4 4 4
3
, ,
..........
2
2
2 1
, 2 e
4
4
2
2 2 1
v)
1 e
ii)
(N
N
V
2 L 1.2 r
AN
l 2 ,n2
f0
AN
AN
ii)
2 31
2
BEATS
34. BEATS : When two sound waves of slightly
different frequencies travelling in same direction
superimpose together, the resultant sound waxes
and wanes at regular intervals of time. This
waxing and waning of sound is called beats.
i) The phenomenon involved in beats is
superposition of waves.
ii) Beat frequency = no. of maxima heard per
second = no. of minima heard per second = no.
of beats per second = n1 ~ n2
n1, n2 are frequencies of parent sounds.
iii) As persistence of hearing is 0.1 sec, max no. of
beats that can be heard per second is 10. (If the
difference in frequences greater than 10Hz,
beats are formed but not heard)
iv) If n1 and n2 are the frequencies of the two sound
waves combined to produce beats, the
n1 n 2
combined wave has a frequency
2
v)
n1 n2
2
1
= Time interval between
n1 ~ n 2
x)
is 2 n ~ n
1
2
For the formation of beats, the amplitudes of
two waves need not be equal.(Imin 0)
I min a1 ~ a2 2
I1 I 2
I1 ~
2x
t1 t2
2x
t2 t1
2d Vc t
t
V = Velocity of sound
viii) A person standing between two parallel cliffs
fires a bullet. He receives first echo after 't1' sec
and second echo after 't 2' seconds after firing
then
2d2
2d1
V= t , V
t2 distance between two cliffs
1
d = d1+d2 =
V t1 t2
2
V
d = d1 + d2 = (2t1+t2)
2
In this case t
2d
V 2 u2
d
v2 u 2
VS
ii)
V0
O
n
v vs
V
n ;
V VS
|
observer n
b)
|
observer n V V n
c)
V V0
n
V
|
source n
d)
V V0
n
V
|
source n
e)
V V0
n
V VS
|
observer n
f)
V V0
n
source n
V VS
|
g)
h)
napp .
nrecd .
V V0
V V0
2 v0 n
v
v
n| = v v cos n
i)
V
n app
n ; n re c d
n
V Vs
V Vs
n app .
n recd .
v vs
v vs
napp . nrecd . = n _ s
v
n)
nA = v v cos n; nB = n; nC = v v cos n
s
s
j)
nA=nmax= v v n ; nB = n ; nC = nmin= v v n
nmaxnmin _
=
v
v v 0 cos 2
v
k)
v v 0 max
nmax = v v n
s
p)
Vs
image of
source
wall
v
nreflected
v vs
2 nv s
No. of beats = ndnr
v
v
n direct
v vs
q)
Vs
image of
source
wall
v
nd
n
v vs
r)
; nnr v v v n
observer
u
source
image of
source
wall
vu
n
vu
nd = n ; n r
n nd nr
2un
vu
c)
d)
Vs is to line of sight
c v
n1
n
c
c v
11
n
frequency of the wave from it is n
c v
(c is velocity of microwave )
Change in frequency n
2nv
c
8.
4.
5.
rad 4) 36 rad
2) 20 rad
3)
rad
1)
4)
1
1
1
1
s 2)
s 3)
s 4)
s
250
500
1000
350
x
sin 200 t where x is in cm
20
y= 0.8 cos
6.
7.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
4) 8.1 m
3
8
2)
2
3
3)
8
9
4)
9
4
303
288
3) 340 2
2) 340
288
303
4) 340
2 75
76
V2
V1
V1
V2
4) 2 1
If
1 1
1) 1 : 2 2) 4 : 1
3) 2 : 1
4) 1 : 4
Pipes :
31. An open organ pipe sounds a fundamental
note of frequency 330 Hz. If the speed in air
is 330 m/s then the length of the pipe is nearly
1) 0.25 m
3) f0 / 2
4) 2f0
8
3
2)
3
8
3)
1
2
4)
1
3
2) 0.3 cm
3) 1 cm
4) 1.2 cm
2) 332 m/s
3) 323.2 m/s
4) 300 m/s
1 1
:
3 5
1) 1 : 2 : 3
2) 1 :
3) 1 : 3 : 5
4) 5 : 3 : 1
n 1
2n 1
n
3)
2n 1
1)
2( n 1)
2n 1
n 1
4)
2n
2)
5
1
2) 4 and
49
1
3) 4 and
16
9
4) 2 and
49
1
4) 242 Hz
53. Two tuning forks A and B vibrating simultaneously produce 5 beats /s. Frequency of B is 512 Hz. If
tuning fork B is now loaded with wax, when it vibrated with A the number of beats become 6 beats
per second. Frequency of A is
1) 502 Hz 2) 507 Hz 3) 517 Hz
4) 522 Hz
54. A tuning fork of frequency 340 Hz produces 5 beats per second with a sonometer wire. If the
tension is slightly increased the number of beats becomes 4. The frequency of sonometer wire is
1) 335 Hz 2) 345 Hz 3) 330 Hz
4) 350 Hz
55. Two tuning forks x and y produce tones of frequencies 256 Hz and 262 Hz respectively. An unknown
tone sounded with x produces, beats. When it is sounded with y the number of beats produced is
doubled. The unknown frequency is
1) 254 Hz 2) 258 Hz 3) 264 Hz
4) 259 Hz
56. A source of frequency X gives 5 beats/s when sounded with a source of frequency 200 Hz. The
second harmonic of source gives 10 beats/s when sounded with a source of frequency 420 Hz. The
value of x is
4) 195 Hz
57. The minimum distance between the man and the reflecting surface so that he can hear the echo is
(velocity of sound 340 ms-1 )
1) 16.5 m 2) 17m
3) 18m
4) 16 m
58. A man standing at some distance from a cliff hears the echo of sound after 2s. He walks 495 m away
from the cliff. He produces a sound there and recieves the echo after 5s. What is the speed of
sound?
1) 330 m/s
2) 340 m/s
3) 390 m/s
4) 380 m/s
59. A person moving in a car with a velocity of 36 kmph towards a large wall blows a horn. If he hears
the echo after 3s, the distance of wall from him when he blows the horn
(velocity of sound 340 ms-1 )
1) 340 m 2) 1050m 3) 700m
4) 525 m
60. The height of a cloud above the earth is 100 m. If an observer hears the sound of a thunder 0.3s
after the lightening is seen, what is the velocity of sound on that rainy day
1) 300 m/s
2) 333.3 m/s
3) 100 m/s
4) 666.6 m/s
61. A rifle is fired in a valley formed between two parallel mountains. The echo from one mountain is
heard after 1.5s and from the other is heard 3s later. What is the width of the valley? (velocity of
sound = 340 ms-1 )
1) 1080 m2) 1060 m 3) 1040 m 4) 1020 m
62. A man standing between two parallel cliffs produces sound and heard the first echo after 4 secs and
next echo after 2 sec later v = 330 ms-1. when is the third echo heard
1) 4s
2) 5 s 3) 10s
4) 6 s
Doppler Effect :
63. A whistle producing sound waves of frequencies 9500 Hz and is approaching a stationary person
with speed ms1. The velocity of sound in air is 300 ms1. If the person can hear frequencies upto
a maximum of 10,000 Hz. The maximum value of upto which he can hear the whistle is
(AIEEE 2006)
1) 30 ms1
2) 15 2 ms1
3) 15 2 ms1
4) 15 ms1
64. A source of sound is travelling towards a stationary observer. The frequency of sound heard by the
observer is 25% more that the actual frequency. If the speed of sound is v, that of the source is
1)
v
5
2)
v
4
3)
v
3
4)
v
2
65. To an observer, the pitch of a stationary source of sound appears to be reduced by 20%. If the
speed of sound is 340m/s then speed and direction of the observer is
1) 86 m/s towards the source
2) 68 m/s towards the source
3) 86 m/s away from the source
4) 68 m/s away from the source
66. An observer moves towards a stationary source of sound with a velocity onefifth of velocity of
sound. The percentage increase in apparent frequency is
(AIEEE 2005)
2) 20%
3) Zero
4) 0.5%
1) 5%
V a
V
4) n
V a
V
2) 500 ms -1
4) 330 ms-1
1)
2)
3)
4)
2)
3)
4)
1) 25.00 , 2)
3)
0.08 2.0
,
0.04
1.0
,
4) 12.50 ,
2.0
2) x > 54
4) 36 > x > 18
11) 2
12) 1
13) 3
14) 3
15) 3
16) 3
17) 1
18) 1
19) 4
20) 3
21) 4
22) 2
23) 4
24) 2
25) 2
26) 3
27) 3
28) 1
29) 2
30) 3
31) 2
32) 2
33) 2
34) 3
35) 3
36) 2
37) 2
38) 4
39) 3
40) 1
41) 3
42) 3
43) 4
44) 1
45) 2
46) 1
47) 3
48) 2
49) 3
50) 1
51) 3
52) 2
53) 3
54) 1
55) 2
56) 3
57) 2
58) 1
59) 4
60) 2
61) 4
62) 3
63) 4
64) 1
65) 4
66) 2
67) 2
68) 3
69) 1
70) 2
71) 3
72) 3
73) 2
74) 1
75) 3
76) 2
77) 4
78) 2
79) 4
80) 1
81) 3
82) 4
83) 3
84) 2
85) 3
86) 3
87) 1
88) 1
89) 2
90) 2
91) 2
92) 1
93) 2
94) 2
4) 49m
ANSWERS
EXERCISE II(A)
1) 3
2) 2
3) 1
4) 1
5) 3
6) 2
7) 3
8)4
9) 2
10) 2