Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 71 views

    Historical Background 1760 Montreal 1780s Start of Industrial 1768-1771 Revolution in

    Uploaded by

    Dewan Olin Chotepadae
    Lavoisier made many important contributions to chemistry in the late 18th century. He proved that water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen (1783). He developed a new system of chemical nomenclature with other chemists (1787). And he attacked the prevalent phlogiston theory and established that combustion reactions involve gases like oxygen from the air (1785). Lavoisier's work helped establish chemistry as a modern science and laid the foundations for organic chemistry developed by later scientists like Berzelius, Dumas, and Liebig. He was executed during the French Revolution in 1794.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Historical Background 1760 Montreal 1780s Start of Industrial 1768-1771 Revolution in

    Uploaded by

    Dewan Olin Chotepadae
    71 views5 pages
    Lavoisier made many important contributions to chemistry in the late 18th century. He proved that water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen (1783). He developed a new system of chemical nomenclature with other chemists (1787). And he attacked the prevalent phlogiston theory and established that combustion reactions involve gases like oxygen from the air (1785). Lavoisier's work helped establish chemistry as a modern science and laid the foundations for organic chemistry developed by later scientists like Berzelius, Dumas, and Liebig. He was executed during the French Revolution in 1794.

    Original Title

    Lavoisier

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Lavoisier made many important contributions to chemistry in the late 18th century. He proved that water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen (1783). He developed a new system of chemical nomenclature with other chemists (1787). And he attacked the prevalent phlogiston theory and established that combustion reactions involve gases like oxygen from the air (1785). Lavoisier's work helped establish chemistry as a modern science and laid the foundations for organic chemistry developed by later scientists like Berzelius, Dumas, and Liebig. He was executed during the French Revolution in 1794.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    71 views5 pages

    Historical Background 1760 Montreal 1780s Start of Industrial 1768-1771 Revolution in

    Uploaded by

    Dewan Olin Chotepadae
    Lavoisier made many important contributions to chemistry in the late 18th century. He proved that water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen (1783). He developed a new system of chemical nomenclature with other chemists (1787). And he attacked the prevalent phlogiston theory and established that combustion reactions involve gases like oxygen from the air (1785). Lavoisier's work helped establish chemistry as a modern science and laid the foundations for organic chemistry developed by later scientists like Berzelius, Dumas, and Liebig. He was executed during the French Revolution in 1794.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Historical Background

    1780s start of industrial


    Mid-18th century Outmoded

    1760 Montreal
    surrendered by

    1768-1771

    Revolution in

    England marked by
    Political system (ancien regime )
    France to Britain
    of cotton industry
    Australia for Britain
    1778 France intervened on the
    In France; government
    colonies in the

    1763 France conceded British

    Perennially bankrupt
    independence

    supremacy also in India

    1793 Louis XVI tried and

    expansion

    side of the 13
    American war of

    1789 French revolution began 1795, 1807 France took large

    Executed; region of terror, war with storming of the bastille


    Dictatorship in France

    james cook, who claimed


    Australia, for Britain

    parts of Prussia

    prison

    1804 Napoleon

    enthroned as
    Emperor of France

    Lavoisiers scientific work


    Alchemists believed in transmutation of substances Jean- Baptiste van Helmont
    (1579-1644) suggested all things are made of water, first used term gas
    Oxford chemists Robert Boyle (1627-1691 ) and john Mayow (1640-1679) experimented on air

    J.J . Becher (1635-1692) argued that combustion is due to a sulfurous earth.

    1765 first published paper on gymsum


    1774 published opuscules physiques et chimiques
    1772-1775 showed metals burn by absorbing vital principle form air
    1770 proved that water cannot be transmuted into earth (experiment started 1768)
    1768 road Hales vegetable staticks
    1777 developed theory of gaseous state which involves heat as a principle of expansion
    1776 decided that all acids contain oxygen
    1785 attacked theory of phogiston
    1783 showed that water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen
    1784 worked with pierre simon laplace (1749-1827) on caloriefic theory and animal heat using guinea pig
    1787 defined the chemical element and published method of chemical nomenclature with Guyton , claude- Louis
    berthollet fourcroy (1748-1822) and Antoine fourcroy
    1789 published textbook elementary treatise of chemistry
    1789 worked on respiration with armand seguin (1765-1835)
    1792-1794 prepared a collected edition of his papers

    LIFE, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE


    26 august 1743 antoine Laurent lavoiser born in Paris
    1766 won prize for essay on street lighting
    1763-1764 attended rouelles lectures at jardan du roi
    1763 baccalaureate in law from college marzarin
    1763-1766 geological tour of france with jean-etienne guettard (1715-1786)
    1768 elected to academy of sciences and bought shares in ferme generale
    1771 married marie-anne pierrette paulze
    1775 became heredatory nobleman and bought estates in country side
    1781 elected to represent third estate oreleanais
    1775 moved into paris arsenal as a commissioner of gun powder
    1789 founded new journal, annals de chimie, to oppose de la metheries periodical
    1793 arrested
    1788 elected foreign member of royal society
    5 may 1794 executd in paris
    1790 joined commission on metric system
    1791 became treasurer of academy of sciences and was sacked from gunpowder administration
    1766 henry Cavendish (1731-1810)English chemist, prepared inflammable air (hydrogen)
    1756 joseph black (1728-1799) Scottish chemist prepared fixed air carbon dioxide

    1727 stephen hales (1677-1761) English chemist , showed air takes part in chemical reactions; invented apparatus
    for investigating gases
    1723 george stahl (1660-1734) german chemist, developed phlogiston theory
    1742-1768 guillame fancois rouelle (1703-1779) taught phlogiston theory in france
    1766 j.t eller in germany argued water forms earth
    1751 first volume of encyclopedie published landmark of enlightenment in france
    1783 cavendish synthesized water
    1787 berthhollet concluded that not all acids contain oxygen
    1785-1795 j.c.de la metherie attacked lavoisers theories in his periodical
    1782 guyton de morveau urged reform of chemical language
    1787 process for producing soda developer by Nicolas lebanc(1742-1806)
    1791 the irish phlogiston Richard kirwan (1733-1812)adopted the new chemistry
    1798 count rumford (bebjamin Thomson) concluded that heat is a kind of motion
    ; he married mme Lavoisier in 1804
    1794 priestly emigrated to America after brimmingham mob attacked his house remained a convinced phlogistonist
    1802-1804 john Dalton (1766-1844) English chemist developed atomic theory based upon lavoisiers elements
    1807-1822 informal research society of arculi trained scientists including joseph gay lussac and francois arago
    1793 academy of sciences suppressed in 1795 became 1 st division of new national institute
    1794 foundation of the ecole polytechnique

    1787 process for producing soda developed by Nicolas leblanc (1742-1806)


    1775 priestley noticed dew is formed when hydrogen explodex oxygen
    1774 joseph Rutherford (1749-1819) physician , In Scotland identified nitrogen in air
    1771-1772 louis Bernard guyton de morveau 1737-1816 french lawyer and chemist ,showed that metal s increase in
    weight when burned
    1774 pierre bayen 1725-1798 french pharmacist investigated the properties of calx of mercury (mercuric oxide)
    On lavoisiers foundations,
    Organic chemistry developed by
    J.j berzelious (1779-1848-1848)
    j.b Dumas (1800-1884)
    j.von liebig (1803-1873)
    l. Pasteur (1822-1895)
    1869 dimitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) Russian chemist published periodic table of chemical elements

    You might also like