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12 Ānurũpyena

The document explains the method of 'anurupyena' or proportionality to find the product of two numbers that are near common bases like powers of 10. It involves selecting an appropriate working base that is a multiple of 10 near the given numbers. The differences of the numbers from the working base are written and the cross product is found. Based on the working base, the final product is obtained. Three examples are shown applying different methods by selecting working bases of 100/2, 5x10, 4x10 to find the products.

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shuklahouse
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© © All Rights Reserved
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90 views

12 Ānurũpyena

The document explains the method of 'anurupyena' or proportionality to find the product of two numbers that are near common bases like powers of 10. It involves selecting an appropriate working base that is a multiple of 10 near the given numbers. The differences of the numbers from the working base are written and the cross product is found. Based on the working base, the final product is obtained. Three examples are shown applying different methods by selecting working bases of 100/2, 5x10, 4x10 to find the products.

Uploaded by

shuklahouse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NURPYENA

The upa-Sutra 'anurupyena' means 'proportionality'. This Sutra is highly


useful to find products of two numbers when both of them are near the Common
bases i.e powers of base 10 . It is very clear that in such cases the expected
'Simplicity ' in doing problems is absent.
Example 1: 46 X 43
As

per

the
46

previous
-54

methods,
This

is

if

we

select

much more
43

100

difficult

as

base

and

of

we
no

get
use.
-57

Now by anurupyena we consider a working base In three ways. We can


solve the problem.
Method 1: Take the nearest higher multiple of 10. In this case it is 50.
Treat it as 100 / 2 = 50. Now the steps are as follows:
i) Choose the working base near to the numbers under consideration.
i.e.,
working
base
is
100
/
2
=
50
ii)

Write

the

numbers
i.e.

one
4

below
3

the

other

iii) Write the differences of the two numbers respectively from 50 against each
number
on
right
side
i.e.

46
43

-04
-07

iv) Write cross-subtraction or cross- addition as the case may be under the line
drawn.

v) Multiply the differences and write the product in the left side of the answer.
46
43
39

-04
-07
____________
x
7

-4

28

vi) Since base is 100 / 2 = 50 , 39 in the answer represents 39X50.


Hence divide 39 by 2 because 50 = 100 / 2
Thus 39 2 gives 19 where 19 is quotient and 1 is remainder . This 1 as
Reminder gives one 50 making the L.H.S of the answer 28 + 50 = 78(or
Remainder x 100 + 28 )
i.e. R.H.S 19 and L.H.S 78 together give the answer 1978 We represent it as
46
43

39

2)
19

-04
-07
/

28
28

= 19 / 78 = 1978
Example 2: 42 X 48.
With 100 / 2 = 50 as working base, the problem is as follows:
42
48
2)
20

40

/
/

-08
-02

16
16

42 x 48 = 2016
Method 2: For the example 1: 46X43. We take the same working base 50.
We treat it as 50=5X10. i.e. we operate with 10 but not with 100 as in method
now

(195

2)

1978

[Since we operate with 10, the R.H.S portion shall have only unit place .Hence
out of the product 28, 2 is carried over to left side. The L.H.S portion of the
answer shall be multiplied by 5, since we have taken 50 = 5 X 10.]

10

Now in the example 2: 42 x 48 we can carry as follows by treating 50 = 5 x

Method 3: We take the nearest lower multiple of 10 since the numbers are
46 and 43 as in the first example, We consider 40 as working base and treat it as
4
X
10.

Since 10 is in operation 1 is carried out digit in 18.


Since 4 X 10 is working base we consider 49 X 4 on L.H.S of answer i.e. 196
and 1 carried over the left side, giving L.H.S. of answer as 1978. Hence the
answer is 1978.

We

proceed

in

the

same

method

for

42

48

Let us see the all the three methods for a problem at a glance
Example
Method

1:

3:
Working

24
base

X
100

24
23
5)
5

2/5

27
/

12

20

04
03

12

=
552

23

52

[Since 2 / 5 of 100 is 2 / 5 x 100 = 40 and 40 + 12 = 52]


Method

2:

Working

base

10

20

Now as 20 itself is nearest lower multiple of 10 for the problem under


consideration, the case of method 3 shall not arise.
Let us take another example and try all the three methods.
Example 4: 492 X 404
Method

working

base

1000

492
404
2)

396

768

since

1000

is

500

-008
-096

in
operation

198 /
Method

2:

768

= 198768

working

base

100

500

Method
3.
Since 400 can also be taken as working base, treat 400 = 4 X 100 as
working
base.
Thus

No need to repeat that practice in these methods finally takes us to work


out all these mentally and getting the answers straight away in a single line.
Example

5:
Working

3998
base

10000

X
/

4998
2

3998
4998
2)

3996

1998 / 2004

2004

since

= 19982004

10,000

is

5000

-1002
-0002

in
operation

or

taking

What

working

happens

if we

base

take

4000

i.e. 4

1000

X 1000

5,000

and

as working

base?
_____
3998
0002
4998
0998
Since
1000
is
an
operation

4996
/
1996
___
___
As 1000 is in operation, 1996 has to be written as 1996 and 4000 as base,
the L.H.S portion 5000 has to be multiplied by 4. i. e. the answer is

A simpler example for better understanding.


Example
Working

6:
base

58
50

x
5

48
10

gives

Since 10 is in operation.

Use anurupyena by selecting appropriate working base and method.

Find
1.

46

4.

18

7.

47

the
46

18
x

10. 389 x 512

96

following

2.
5.

57
62

8.

x
x

57

3.

48

87965

product.

6.
x

99996

54
229
9.

x
x

45
230

49x499

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