2.5third Angle Projection

Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education
HD in Mechanical Engineers
ENG3602 Drafting & Design Technology
Fundamentals of Drafting - Third Angle Orthographic Projection

Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
To explain with the aid of drawings the principle of Third Angle

Orthographic Projection in terms of:
(a) positioning of the viewing object
(b) principal planes and auxiliary vertical plane
To identify and draw the views of an object projected on to the
principal planes and the auxiliary vertical plane in Third Angle
Orthographic Projection.
To recognise the symbol for Third Angle Orthographic Projection.
To apply the principle of Third Angle Orthographic Projection to
engineering drawing problems.
To differentiate between First Angle and Third Angle Orthographic
Projection.
The principle
The object is positioned in the third quadrant between the principal planes. Similar to First
Angle Orthographic Projection, a system of parallel projectors from the object boundaries is
projected on to the principal planes in Third Angle Orthographic Projection.
Principal planes forming
4 quadrants (angles)
Object in the
third quadrant (angle)
Since the principal planes come between the observer and the object, it is imaged that the
planes are to be transparent, and the object is viewed through the planes (i.e. the views are
projected back to the principal planes)
Views projected on to the planes
Opening out the horizontal plane
Chapter 2.5 Fundamentals of Drafting - Third Angle Orthographic Projection
Page 1 of 6

The name of the view projected on to the principal planes are:

(i)
on the vertical plane:
(ii)
on the horizontal plane:
ELEVATION
(also known as FRONT VIEW, FRONT ELEVATION)
PLAN
(also known as PLAN VIEW)
Auxiliary vertical plane

The views projected on to the principal planes (VP and HP) in Third Angle Orthographic
Projection are not always sufficient to describe an object clearly and completely. Therefore a
third view projected on to an auxiliary vertical plane (AVP) is drawn.
This plane is at right angle to both the vertical and horizontal planes. It may be placed in either
side of the vertical plane. The choice of the AVP depends on which face of the object is the
more important.
Similar to the principal planes, a view of the object is projected by drawing parallel lines from
the object to the AVP.
Third Angle Projection of a solid
with principal planes and AVP
Third Angle Projection of a solid

on to the AVP
When opening out the horizontal plane and the auxiliary vertical plane, the three views appear
in the positions as shown below.
Page 2 of 6

The names of the views projected on to the three planes are:

(i)
on the vertical plane
(ii)
on the horizontal plane:
(iii)
on the auxiliary vertical

plane:
ELEVATION
(also known as FRONT VIEW, FRONT ELEVATION)
PLAN
(also known as PLAN VIEW)
END VIEW
(also known as END ELEVATION, SIDE VIEW,
SIDE ELEVATION)
Principal views
Third Angle Orthographic Projection can be used to describe even complex objects fully and
clearly. A number of views are projected on to the principal planes and an auxiliary vertical
plane. In some cases, it may be necessary to draw views on both the AVPs.
Third angle projection of a solid
on to the left AVP
Third angle projection of a solid

on to the right AVP
When the two AVPs are opened out with the horizontal plane, the four views appear in the
positions as shown below.
When drawing these views, it should be noted that:

(i)
Allow enough space for the required views before beginning.
(ii) Use a minimum number of views to describe the object completely.
(iii) Heights in the elevation and end views are equal and drawn at the same level.
(iv) Plan view is obtained by viewing the elevation from the top and projecting upward,
keeping the corresponding points on the same vertical line.
(v) Depth in the plan is equal to the width in end views.
(vi) Each view shows what would be seen by looking on the near side of an adjacent view
(i.e. on the same side of the viewing direction).
e.g. When viewing the elevation from the left hand side, then the end view is drawn
on the left hand side of the elevation
Page 3 of 6

(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
It is the principle of third angle orthographic projection to position the views in a fixed
pattern. Do not draw the views in other ways.
Draw in short dashed lines to represent those hidden outlines and edges.
Build up all the views together to avoid making measurement on two or more views
separately.
Third angle projection symbol

The system of projection used on a drawing should be indicated by an appropriate symbol.
Third angle projection symbol (BS EN ISO 5456-2)
The symbol is derived from projecting a circular taper on to the VP and AVP, so that it shows
a front view and a left end view of the circular taper.
Worked example
Draw in Third Angle Orthographic Projection the following views of the detail shown below.
(a) Elevation in the direction of arrow A
(b) Plan view projected from view (a)
(c) End view in the direction of arrow B
(d) End view in the direction of arrow C
All Views
Page 4 of 6

Comparison of 1st and 3rd Angle Projection
The object
Projection
First angle projection
Third angle projection
Projection symbol
Position of principal views
Plan view looking from top
End view looking from arrow A
Sectional views
Sectional views are drawn in the same principle of

orthographic projection, e.g.
Sectional elevation is drawn in the postion of elevation.
Sectional plan is drawn in the position of plan view.
Sectional end view is drawn in the same position of end
view.
Page 5 of 6

Drawing practice
Textbook
Page 32
Question No. 1 (Referring to Figure 5.17)

Figure 5.17 shows components A, B, C, D, E, and F in pictorial projection.
The direction of viewing indicated by the arrows corresponds to the front
views.
Select from the given orthographic views 1 to 18 the relevant front views,
end views and plan views, and insert your answers in a table like the one
provided.
Textbook
Page 33

Draw in Third Angle Projection the components shown below. Each
construction square represents a 10 mm measurement.
Follow your tutor's instruction to draw the three views (elevation, plan and
end view) as required.
Textbook
Page 35

Complete the third view for each object shown in third angle projection in
Figure 5.21. Squared or tracing paper may be used.
Page 6 of 6

2.5third Angle Projection

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Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education

ENG3602 Drafting & Design Technology

Fundamentals of Drafting - Third Angle Orthographic Projection

To explain with the aid of drawings the principle of Third Angle

Opening out the horizontal plane

Chapter 2.5 Fundamentals of Drafting - Third Angle Orthographic Projection

Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education

ENG3602 Drafting & Design Technology

The name of the view projected on to the principal planes are:

on the vertical plane:

on the horizontal plane:

Auxiliary vertical plane

Third Angle Projection of a solid

Chapter 2.5 Fundamentals of Drafting - Third Angle Orthographic Projection

Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education

ENG3602 Drafting & Design Technology

The names of the views projected on to the three planes are:

on the vertical plane

on the horizontal plane:

on the auxiliary vertical

Third angle projection of a solid

When drawing these views, it should be noted that:

Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education

ENG3602 Drafting & Design Technology

Third angle projection symbol

Chapter 2.5 Fundamentals of Drafting - Third Angle Orthographic Projection

Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education

ENG3602 Drafting & Design Technology

Comparison of 1st and 3rd Angle Projection

First angle projection

Third angle projection

Position of principal views

Plan view looking from top

End view looking from arrow A

Sectional views are drawn in the same principle of

Chapter 2.5 Fundamentals of Drafting - Third Angle Orthographic Projection

Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education

ENG3602 Drafting & Design Technology

Question No. 1 (Referring to Figure 5.17)

Question No. 3 (Referring to Figure 5.19)

Question No. 5 (Referring to Figure 5.21)

Chapter 2.5 Fundamentals of Drafting - Third Angle Orthographic Projection

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