uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasd fghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzx cvbnm qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc Training of Software vbnmq werty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqw Modi Institute of Technology 9/8/2021 ertyui opasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuio pasdfg Department of Mechanical Engineering
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vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfg hjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfg hjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwert yuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq wertyuiopas Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Modi Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Course Objectives:
1. Learn to sketch and take field dimensions.
2. Learn to take data and transform it into graphic drawings.
3. Learn basic engineering drawing formats.
4. Learn the basic commands and tools necessary for professional 2D drawing, design and drafting using AutoCAD.
Day-1
➢ Introduction to Engineering Drawing: Principles of Engineering Drawing/Graphics –
Various Drawing Instruments – Conventions in Drawing- Dimensioning-Planes.
Day-2
Orthographic Projection and Isometric Projections: - Principles of Orthographic Projections –
Conventions – First and Third Angle projections (Introduction). Principles of Isometric Projection – Isometric Scale – IsometricViews– Conventions – Plane Figures. Day-3 ➢ AutoCAD: Introduction Day-4 ➢ Commands and Operation in AutoCAD. Day-5 ➢ Drawing Work on AutoCAD Day-6 ➢ Practice on drawing
Day-7
➢ Practice on drawing
Day-8
➢ Project and Feedback
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Day-2
Orthographic Projection and Isometric Projections
Projection: Projection is defined as an Image or drawing of the object made on a plane. The linesform the object to the Plane are called projectors.
Methods of Projections: In Engineering drawing the following four methods of
Projectionare commonly used they are (1) Orthographic Projection (2) Isometric projection (3) Oblique projection (4) Perspective Projection
In orthographic projection an object is represented by two are three views on the mutual perpendicular projection planes each projection view represents two dimensions of an object. In iso, oblique and perspective projections represents the object by a pictorial view as eyes see it. In these methods of projects in three dimensional object is represented on a projection plane by oneview only.
Orthographic Projection When the Projectors are parallel to each other and also perpendicular to the plane the projection iscalled orthographic Projection. Example: Orthographic projection of a car shown in below figure.
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering We can represent in orthographic projection two to three views enough as shown in below figures
Orthographic projection of given object
Orthographic Projection is a way of drawing an 3D object from different directions. Usually a
front, side and plan view is drawn so that a person looking at the drawing can see all the important sides. Orthographic drawings are useful especially when a design has been developed to a stage whereby it is almost ready to manufacture.
Plane of projection: Two planes employed for the purpose of orthographic projections are called reference planes or planes of projection. they are intersect each other at right angle to each other the vertical plane of projection is usually denoted by the letters VP and the other Plane is horizontal plane of Projection is denoted by HP . The line in which they intersect is termed as the reference line and is denoted by the letters xy. Four quadrants:
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
The intersection of mutual perpendicular Planes i.e Vertical Plane and Horizontal Plane Form Four quadrants as shown above figure 5.5. Here planes to be assumed transparent here the object may be situated any one of four quadrants. The projections are obtained by drawing perpendiculars from the object to the planes, i.e by looking from the Front and Top. It should be remembered that the first and third quadrants always opened out while rotating the planes. The position of views with respect to the reference line will change according to quadrant in which object may be situated as shown in below figures
First angle Projection:
We have assumed the object to be situated in front of the VP and above the HP i.e First quadrant and then projected it on these planes, the method of projection is known as First angle projection method. Here object lies between observer and plane of projection. In this method when the views are drawn in their relative positions the Top view comes below the front view.
Third angle Projection:
Here the object is assumed to be situated in third quadrant, here Plane of projection assumed to be transparent. It lies between Object and the observer. In this method when the views are drawn in their relative positions the Top view comes below the front view.
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Reference Line: While representing Projections it can be seen that while considering the front view which is seen from front the HP coincides with the line xy in their words xy represents HP. Similarly while considering Top view which view obtained by looking from above, the same line xy represents the VP hence, when the projections are drawn in correct relationship with each other xy represents both the HP and VP this is called as Reference line.
Problems:
Draw the front view, Top view and Side view of the given figure?
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Isometric projection:
Isometric projection is a type of pictorial projection in which the three dimensions of a solid are not only shown in one view but their actual sizes can be measured directly from it. The three lines AL, AD and AH, meeting at point A and making 1200 angles with each other are termed Isometric Axes. The lines parallel to these axes are called Isometric Lines. The planes representing the faces of the cube as well as other planes parallel to these planes are called Isometric Planes.
Isometric scale:
When one holds the object in such a way that all three dimensions are visible then in the process all dimensions become proportionally inclined to observer’s eye sight and hence appear apparent in lengths. This reduction is 0.815 or 9/11 (approx.). It forms a reducing scale which is used to draw isometric drawings and is called Isometric scale. In practice, while drawing isometric projection, it is necessary to convert true lengths into isometric lengths for measuring and marking the sizes. This is conveniently done by constructing an isometric scale as described on next page.
Construction of isometric scale:
From point A, with line AB draw 300 and 450 inclined lines AC & AD respective on AD. Mark divisions of true length and from each division-point draw vertical lines up to AC line. The divisions thus obtained on AC give lengths on isometric scale.
Isometric scale [Line AC] required for Isometric Projection:
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Terminology:
Isometric axes: The Three Lines CB, CD, CG meeting at a point C and making an angle of 1200 with each other are called Isometric axes.
Isometric Lines: The Lines parallel to the Isometric Axis are termed as Isometric lines. Example from above fig. AB, AD, GF, GH, BF, DH are Isometric Lines.
Non-Isometric Lines: The lines which are not parallel to the isometric axes are known as Non- Isometric Lines Example from above fig. BD, AC, CF, BG are Non-Isometric Lines.
Isometric Planes: The planes representing the faces of the cube as well as other planes parallel to these planes are termed as Isometric Planes Example from above fig. ABCD, BCGF, CGHD are Isometric Planes
Isometric Scale: It is the scale which is used to convert the true length in to Isometric Length
Isometric views of planes:
Simple Problems: Problem: Draw the isometric view of a square with 40mm side? Solution:
Problem: Draw the isometric view of a Hexagon with 40mm side such that its surface is Parallel to the HPand a side Parallel to the VP? Solution:
