Spe 50581 MS
Spe 50581 MS
Spe 50581 MS
.
.
SPE 50581
.
Petroleum Conference
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Abstract
This paper presents developments
in the management of
drilling fluids for use in high-pressure,
high-temperature
(HPHT) WCIIs, especially a process that includes both a
methodology (or the management of bottom 1101cmud pressure
and the usc of modeling software that enables it. The
developments have contributed to the success 01four HPHT
wells in the UKCS Central Grahen. This paper discusses three
essential elements for successful fluid engineering during,
HPHT drill in: t)pera(ions:
program
coupled
with a
an acc Llrate hydraulics
temperature simulator
COLIN MACDONALD,
CASTLE
SPE 50581
STEPHEN
(i)
Design Philosophy.
SPE 50581
CRITICAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR SUCCESSFUL FLUID ENGINEERING IN HIGH-p6EssuRE/HIGH-TEMPERATURE
WELLS: MODELLING TOOLS, DESIGN PROCEDURES AND BOTTOMHOLE PRESSURE MANAGEMENT
IN THE FIELD
_3
pressure
Ps~;,,i~ at a gi Vcll downbole
Hydrostatic
temperature profile.
Design Procedure.
COLIN MACDONALD,
tllc LJcsig!l
Information.
The design is based on the following
illforlllatioll:~s sulllnlz~risec[ in Table 1.
SPE 50581
WeIl
CASTLE
STEPHEN
SPE 50581
CRITICAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR SUCCESSFUL FL~D ENGINEERING IN HIGH-PRESxURE/HIGH-TEMPERATURE
WELLS: MODELLING TOOLS, DESIGN PROCEDURES AND BOTTOMHOLE PRESSURE MANAGEMENT
IN THE FIELD
Hydraulics
Specialist.
Hydraulics in HPHT sections are
complex. T() effectively kickstart the proposed changes into
cstabl ishcd practices, a hydraulics specialist was assigned to
the rig during the HPHT sections in the Heron project, The
hydraulics specialist was supported by and collaborated with
the onshore and offshore dri Iling engineers and was updated
with current li)rmation pressure data. For any given set of data,
rctrospcctivc, real-time or projccted$ the hydraulics specialist
would update the operational guidelines on hydraulics related
issues. He also provided the necessary knowledge transfer and
training 10 the offsllorc Iluid engineering team.
Criteria
for Bottonl
Hole Pressure
Management.
The
management of bottom 1101cpressure is straight Iorward once
Eq. I is wci I understood and th~ necessary tools are made
available. For any given WCII, the design cri[cria Ii)r bottom
hole mud pressure arc:
sufticicnl
support
[() prevent
hole
Collapse.
pore
pressure
or
cOIlapse
Once the
pressLlrcs
pressure
~fi,,,,,[,,,, is (11cIkacture pressure of the ~orma[iotl or the leakoff test if available. Replacing Eq. I into Eel. 2, it can be
obtained that:
(3)
q,,,,,<,,,,,,,,,,,
< [:,,,,;,+q,,,,,,,,l[t,AN:,,,,,;,,,,,
< P,,,,,,,,,,,,
Eq. 3 has also been illustrated in Fig. 4. Tbc al>ov~ ic]uation
can be directly used to derive the tolerable margins at di ffcrent
operations. For example, during normal drill ing (~pcration, one
of the main concerns is to avoid lracturing the Ii)rmation. The
max lmum [o Ierahle APtlYj]:,,}]iC
can be calculated :ts Iollows:
(4)
q,,,,,,,, = [{,8,,,,,,<,
( 1:,(,,,,+ y,,,,;,,,,,,)
Thereafter, the maximum a]fowafile pump ra[c or tolcr:~hle
mud rheology can be defined based on the maxilnum allowable
dynamic mud pressure. For tripping operations, of course,
151
COLIN MACDONALD,
directly
mud
weighl
under
downhole.
the
mud
weight
tends
to
increase
due
to
water
CASTLE
SPE50581
practical
STEPHEN
and
of the Hydraulics
Progranl.
1hc hydraulics
program was used for the hydraulics design during the 8 3/8
Application
152
SPE 50581
CRITICAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR SUCCESSFUL FLUID ENGINEERING IN HIGH-PRESSURE/HIGH-TEMPERATURE
WELLS: MODELLING TOOLS, DESIGN PROCEDURES AND BOTTOMHOLE PRESSURE MANAGEMENT
IN THE FIELD
Procedures.
To ensure tile success of driiling the
HPHT sections, a series of procedures as summarised in Table
3 were cievcioped and applied. Table 3 was posted in the
Driilers consoie and discussed with tile driiling crew. This
ensured tilat tile driil crew understood
how i>articular
oi>erations affect the bottom iloie i~ressure. Before Liriliing the
HPHT interval, a summary sileet as shown in Table 3 was
(rene~clted :uILJ widciy distributed to lile rig persollllei
[0
~
iligiliigilt
tile i~otentiai risks. Tilis tabie was updated on an ongoin: b:~sis ~~smore infornl:ltion W[lSmade :lv;~ii:lbl~.
Other
COLIN MACDONALD,
prCSSUrCS Si:llifiC:\Il(l
V.
Field Results
No drilling related problems occurred
Future Developments
Tile succcss ciiscussed in [ilis paper is encouraging, but the
procedures arc far from pcr~ccl. Wcilave reviewed data from
annular pressure
tools, A comparison
between
model
prc(iictions i~ild ac[LIai mc~surcd ECD from ano[iler project has
i)ccllsilown in Fij. 10. A y[)o(i agreement hetwcen the
i~]casurcd and predicted pressures ilas been observeci. Both the
ily(irauiics program anti tcmpcraturc simuiator wiii be further
rclincd Iis more data is macic avaiiilhic.
Nomenclature
P,,,,,,,= totai mudpressure acting onhoiebot[om
P,lo,clcoll,,,)sc
z pore or coiiapsc pressure whicilever is higher
pressure
titttic
= mud ilydrostatic
ppts
= psi / i ()()()ii
mud pressure incrcasc due to cuttings loading
APc,,lti,)Ys
=
A~<Iy,,;,,))r,
= pressure ciuc (() (iisturi~ancc to tile muci
Conclusions
developments
Successful
dri[lillg
()[
impor[ancc
01 a s(ablc
as
the
prcscn[cd
[\)L1l
lllLld systcm,
HC~Oll
contributed
to
HPI-IT WCilS.
dcL:Lilcd
driiling
SPE 50581
Reamilzg.
When reaming into lhc bole. IIlc well would
experience IJ(JII1suryc and normal ECDtl. Tbr rccommcndcd
reaming speeds should hc Ii)llowcd whcnc\fcr Li rcanlin:
operation iscarricd oul.
Recent
CASTLE
cot]stant
CqUi V:dell(
STEPHEN
[hc
.
Acknowiedgrnents
Tile authors would like ([) [bank lhe management
of
Sciliumbcrgcr
Dowcii and Silcii U.K. Expiration
and
Prociuction, {)perator in tile UKCS of the Nortil Sea on behaif
01Si]cii an(i Esso, for aiiowing us to pubiish tilis paper. Wed
also iikc [o thank the Shell and Sedco 714 teams. both onshore
and olfsilorc Ii)r tilcir contributions and usefui ciiscussions
[hc HPHT
sections.
Ti~cir discussions
and
during
encouragement to tilis new way of mud management in driiiing
rhC
program
154
SPE 505.81
CRITICAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR SUCCESSFUL FLUID ENGINEERING IN HIGH-PRESSURE/HIGH-TEMPERATURE
WELLS: MODELLING TOOLS, DESIGN PROCEDURES AND BOTTOMHOLE PRESSURE MANAGEMENT IN THE FIELD
6. Anfinsen,
to apply
HP/HT
ODT95
Kingdom,
References
1. Aberdeen
Drilling
1. Sorelle,
Hi~/1 Pr~~.s.sI{ILJ,
Hi,q// TcIjz/~crc[frfre
Schoul:
1997.
BLrranthoI, C., Alfen~)re, J., Cotteriil,
M.D. and Ioux-Guillaume,
G.: rDetenninfition
ot Hydrostatic
Pressure and Dynamic ECD
Gibson,
Educotion,
M .T.,
Aberdeen,
Bel-gcro(,
J.L.
United
Kingdom,
and Httmphreys:
March
5.
Aberdeen,
Alfenore,
Selecting
paper
at the
London,
conference
HP/HT
United Kingdom,
Going
Btrokley,
P. and Barrios,
.,.
CumpressibiIity
and temperature
Affect
Bottom-Hole
Pressure, Oil & Gas Journal, 22 March 1982.
I (). Marken,
of Drilling
While Drilling
Data
SPE/IADC
37588,
held in
into
shoe
MD/TvD
How
Mud
~ 7/8
J.R.:
Conditions
c~n Annular
Pressure Losses, SPE 24598: pape;
presented at the 67ti SPE Annual Technical
Conferences and
Exhibition
held in Washington, DC, 4-7 October 1992.
__..
1ndtsstry Forum,
96:
R. A.,
United
presented
Production,
R. R., Jxrdiolin,
Aberdeen,
Greater Understanding
01 the Well Hydraulics ill HP/HT Wells:
An UpLIa(ed Study 01 the Wells in the Elgin/Franklin
Fields,
paper presented at Drilling
(Offshore
Drilling
Technology),
22-23 November 1995,
14,
Developing
Mathematical
Field Model Predicts Downhole Density Changes
in Static Drilling Fluids, SPE I 1118, paper presented at the 57(1
SPE Annual Fall Technical Conference and Exhibition held in
New Orleans, LA, 26-29 September 1982.
December
Trai/7i/7,qC{~[[r.Yc~,
2.
x 3/8
14178-15613
[[
I3873 ft12,494 psi, 314 F
343 F
90 Ii / 30 I ft
40 F
(>() F
tetnper:~turc
250 pptf
300
200
250
()
150
Pump rsstc (gpm)
95
113
125
I34
60
Flowline temper:lture (F)l:
343
276
332301
286
Derived temp @ TD depth (F):
910
915**
910
910
910
EMW @ 13,873 ft TVD (pptl)
200
131
131
131
131
Overbalance Q) 13,X73 ft TVD (psi )
Est:lblishcd
tenlpcr:ltttrcs
using
the
temperature
simulator
except
those
Note: ( 1)
at () gpm which :Irc [Ilc gcotbermal temperatures.
(~) :::~The c:llcultltiotl w:is inadc under geotherm:d tempcra[urc gradient.
(3) 13,873 [t TVD is the lop of reservoir.
155
350
142
272
911
I45
10
COLIN MACDONALD,
STEPHEN
CASTLE
SPE 50581
gradient
>
,
.-. _ .,
-.:
~.-.
,P ore
pressure
gradient
-----
Fracture
pressure
gradient
.-,
,
~..-.~
sa
E
L.
______
-----
. -----
----
-----
---
7
,
.-
350
r
~
Q
300 -
: 250 z
1~ 200w
L
~
$
z
z
m Time.
8 hr
150 j
.
1~
Geothermal
100
Time=24
hr.
Time.48
hr.
.X
50,
1
!
4000
800f-
12000
0 .\.-..
16000 -:
DEPTH (ft)
907
903
70
80
90
100
110
120
TEMPERATURE
156
130
(Deg F)
140
150
160
SPE 50581
CRITICAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR SUCCESSFUL FLUID ENGINEERING IN HIGH-PRESSURE/HIGH-TEMPERATURE
WELLS: MODELLING TOOLS, DESIGN PROCEDURES AND BOTTOMHOLE PRESSURE MANAGEMENT
IN THE FIELD
11
12
COLIN MACDONALD,
STEPHEN
CASTLE
SPE 50581
Fracture
,:%>:x.<
.<. ,
----
Static
pressure
mud
pressure
Pore/collapse
pressure
Criteria:
where;
~,,,
&,(,,i,.
+N;A,l,,;(,
+&,,,,i,,q,
(surface
-...
935
\.>.
,,, ........
,,...-.
.
versus
temperature
. .
....
1
*
.,?.
. ..
931
~~+...
+-::,, ,1
.
L.
~
907
903
70
80
90
110
100
120
TEMPERATURE
130
140
150
160
(Deg F)
,-------I
955
Fracture
Prassure
..-
940
935
.k..
150
200
250
PUMP
300
RATE (gpm)
158
350
400
ECD(915
mud)
pptf
ECD(920pp[f
Il>ud)
SPE 50581
CRITICAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR SUCCESSFUL FLUID ENGINEERING IN HIGH-PRESSURE/HIGH-TEMPERATURE
WELLS: MODELLING TOOLS, DESIGN PROCEDURES AND BOTTOMHOLE PRESSURE MANAGEMENT IN THE FIELD
...
.......
casing shoe
-~
1
/
~
/
A
1
.
-..
. ..-
.
t
0.0
0
3,140
9;42U
6,260
MEASURED
DEPTH
12,560
15,700
(ft)
2g4il---a
70
80
100
90
110
130
J2.O
150
140
i 60
TEMPERATURE (Deg F)
TARGET
ACTUAL
al
al
=
16 hole section
TW squeeze
1n.
Ill
16cccli
--
25
75
50
DAYS
159
lW
125
150
13
14
COLIN MACDONALD,
STEPHEN
CASTLE
Mo620.
-rti
ECD
6CC0
7m
---
~.
8W
Dspth
(ft)
.-
lm
SPE 50581