1 4 Part 2 Feeder OC EF Protection
1 4 Part 2 Feeder OC EF Protection
1 4 Part 2 Feeder OC EF Protection
Feeder OC Protection
By far the most common
type of protection for
radial distribution feeders
is Overcurrent protection.
Typical distribution
system voltages are 33 kV
& 11 kV
The point of supply is
normally a few kilometers
from the load.
feeder from the power system or out of the feeder from the
generator.
A directional relay or element must be used to supervise the
Problem
on high fault
currents B will
trip first
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Main Relay
11
Main Relay
Backup Relay
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Main Relay
Backup Relay
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Main Relay
Backup Relay
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Main Relay
Backup Relay
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When fault current can flow in both directions through the relay
location, it may be necessary to make the response of the relay
directional by the introduction of a directional control facility. The
facility is provided by use of additional voltage inputs to the relay.
Directional over-current protection comprises over-current relay
and power directional relay- in a single relay casing. The power
directional relay does not measure the power but is arranged to
respond to the direction of power flow.
The directional relay recognizes the direction in which fault occurs,
relative to the location of the relay. It is set such that it actuates for
faults occurring in one direction only. It does not act for faults
occurring in the other direction.
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When fault current can flow in both directions through the relay
location, it may be necessary to make the response of the relay
directional by the introduction of a directional control facility. The
facility is provided by use of additional voltage inputs to the relay.
Directional over-current protection comprises over-current relay
and power directional relay- in a single relay casing. The power
directional relay does not measure the power but is arranged to
respond to the direction of power flow.
The directional relay recognizes the direction in which fault occurs,
relative to the location of the relay. It is set such that it actuates for
faults occurring in one direction only. It does not act for faults
occurring in the other direction.
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Earth-Fault Protection
When the fault current flows through earth return path, the fault
is called Earth Fault.
Other faults which do not involve earth are called phase faults.
Since earth faults are relatively frequent, earth fault protection
is necessary in most cases.
When separate earth fault protection is not economical, the
phase relays sense the earth fault currents. However such
protection lacks sensitivity. Hence separate earth fault
protection is generally provided.
Earth fault protection senses earth fault current. Following are
the method of earth fault protection.
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Fig.1
Fig.2
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Fig.1
Fig.2
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Fig 3
Fig. 4
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Fig. 5