En 1993 01
En 1993 01
En 1993 01
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Combined
JANUARY 1993
with
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Vol. 63 No. 12
ON THE COVER
E%ctranics.
DWI
NOW
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s
SSAVI OESCRAMBUIIG
CRYSTAL IISCIWTMIS
1992
DIGITAL
ANNUAL INDEX
VOICE
DICI LAL
NUKE
CHANGER
i.11!!
CHANGE)
Bed:11W
Volume 63
eo
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4EnOZE cone3oL
POWER 1WiZcH
these tR switches.
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411
w.,...:.i.+:.
PAGE 39
PAGE 43
PAGE 65
a service to readers, ELECTRONICS NOW publishes available plans or information relating to newsworthy products, techniques and scientific and technological developments.
Because of possible variances in the quality and condition of materials and workmanship used by readers, ELECTRONICS NOW disclaims any responsibility for the safe and proper
functioning of reader -built projects based upon or from plans or information published in this magazine.
As
Since some of the equipment and circuitry described in ELECTRONICS NOW may relate to or be covered by U.S. patents, ELECTRONICS NOW disclaims any liability for the infringement
of such patents by the making, using, or selling of any such equipment or circuitry, and suggests that anyone interested in such projects consult a patent attorney.
ELECTRONICSNOW, (ISSN 0033 -7862) January 1993. Published monthly by Gernsback Publications, Inc., 500-B Bi-County Boulevard, Farmingdale. NY 11735. Second -Class Postage
paid at Farmingdale, NY and additional mailing offices. Second-Class mail registration No. R125166280, authorized at Toronto, Canada. One -year subscription rate U.S.A. and
possessions $19.97, Canada $27.7'3 (includes G.S.T. Canadian Goods and Services Tax Registration No. R125166280), all other countries $28.97. All subscription orders payable in U.S.A.
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POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to ELECTRONICS NOW, Subscription Dept., Box 55115, Boulder, CO 80321 -5115.
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Electron
31 WORLD BAND RADIO RECEIVER
Enjoy better -than -store -bought shortwave reception from
brewed set!
home -
device.
David Williams
Use any remote control to turn appliances on and off.
Jaime Lasso
Don Lancaster
Rodney A. Kreuter
l_'Il+
5-)]
EHF. CET,
EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT
Brian C. Fenton, editor
Larry Steckler,
;,
contributing editor
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
Ruby M. Yee, production director
Karen S. Brown
advertising production
Marcella Amoroso
production assistant
Lisa Rachowitz
editorial production
TECHNOLOGY
CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT
Jacqueline P. Cheeseboro
45 CRYSTAL OSCILLATORS
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circulation director
Dan Becker
circulation analyst
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circulation assistant
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reprint bookstore
6 VIDEO NEWS
What's new in this fast changing field.
David Lachenbruch
16 EQUIPMENT REPORT
IC Master on CD -ROM
69 HARDWARE HACKER
High -side FET drivers, and
more.
Don Lancaster
80 AUDIO UPDATE
Poor man's FM antenna.
Larry Klein
83 DRAWING BOARD
Video descrambling
Robert Grossblatt
87 COMPUTER
Offices
98 Advertising Index
65 Annual Index
2
91
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WHAT'S NEWS
A review of the latest happenings in electronics.
Personal o1MMwwications
seivices spsgljgaw allocated
Iii September the FCC allocated
22 MHz of bandwidth in three
chunks for use by "emerging technologies," clearing the way for personal communications services
(PCS)-the so- called "poor man's
come into its
cellular phone "
own. Voice and data services based
on a PCS microcell network, as well
as other "future mobile services,"
are to have use of the frequencies
between 1.85 and 1.99 GHz, 2.11
and 2.15 GHz, and 2.16 and 2.2
-to
GHz.
Now that the bandwidth is available, the next challenge for PCS
suppliers is to clarify their positions
in relation to the cellular phones and
paging services already in use. To
accomplish that objective, Stamford, CT-based GTE Corp. is carrying out a PCS experiment.
Also in question are the rights of
"incumbent users" of the three designated bands. According to the
latest FCC figures, approximately
24,000 licensees already maintain
about 29,000 microwave links, with
channels ranging in width from 800
kHz to 10 MHz. Those licensees,
who are now using the bands for
public and private microwave communications, are up in arms.
As a compromise, the FCC has
set up a minimum transition period
of three years, during which current
users and PCS providers are to negotiate relocation terms on their
own. At the end of the transition
period, current users would retain
equal claims to the spectrum, with
the exception of cases in which
there is radio interference between
operations. If a PCS provider needs
the frequencies, he is expected to
work out a voluntary relocation settlement with the incumbent user. If
they are unable to reach a relocation
agreement, the PCS provider can
ask the FCC for an involuntary relocation (state and local govern-
-at
a
ment agencies are exempt)
cost. The PCS provider must pay all
relocation expenses, build the new
facilities, and test them to ensure
that they are compatible with the old
frequencies. According to FCC
Electrswia traffic
management
Dover Electronics (Binghamton,
NY) and AT /Comm (Marblehead,
MA) are working together to develop radio -frequency identification
systems for use in the transportation industry.
The first product, expected to be
available in the fourth quarter of
1992, is a system for non -stop electronic toll collection. The patented
"readwrite."
The system is to compete with
"read- only" toll -collection processes, in which vehicles have either bar-code tags or radio reflective
tags that are read as the vehicle
passes a toll. That process is troublesome to advocates of personal
privacy because it requires toll
agencies to maintain accounts and
travel records for all of their once anonymous patrons.
Read write refers to a non -stop
toll-collection process that provides
intelligence in the transponder. Not
only can the device be read as it
passes through a toll gate, but information can also be written onto the
transponder. For example, the entry
point of a turnpike could be entered
so that the proper toll could be calculated upon exit.
In
HDTV cooperative
agreement
Four major participants in the development of high- definition television (HDTV) have signed an
agreement to share the risks and
rewards for their respective ap-
Communications Commission as
the HDTV standard.
All of the participants are developing digital systems that are
being evaluated on technical merit
by the FCC. Under the agreement,
the parties have promised to work
with each other to enhance the system selected by the FCC. To maintain competitiveness, none of the
team's concepts will be merged or
enhanced prior to the FCC decision. The GI /MIT and Zenith /AT &T
teams will continue to promote their
respective systems until that deciR -E
sion is made.
ervic
ssons.
A Shocking Offer!
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LINEAR IC
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RPIF193
Q&A
Write to Q & A, Electronics Now, 500 -B Bi- County Blvd., Farmingdale, NY 11735
in
terms
of an electronics background,
you're making up in common sense.
Connecting both stereo outputs together at one speaker is what's
known as a "bad idea." You can get
away with that kind of stuff when
you're dealing with line -level signals,
but definitely not when you're playing around with the output of the
power amp.
The good news is that you don't
need a bunch of new equipment to
do what you have in mind. All you
need is a pair of resistors as shown
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Model 3040
For more information on the complete line of B +K PRECISION function generators or fcr
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After all the volunteer is a member of our new TAS 400 family of analog
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Scopes that add to a long list of low -cost Tektronix products. Like our handheld 60 MHz 224
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Write to Letters, Electronics Now, 500 -B Bi- County Blvd., Farmingdale, NY 11735
NEW ADDRESS
The address and telephone
3Y2 -inch
double -density (DD) and high -density (HD) diskettes. You anticipated
a host of comments from industry
experts. Here's one.
For the past 22 years, have been
I
products for many major manufacturers. For three -and -a -half years,
worked for Sony Corporation to develop an industry standard that was
adopted by the American National
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Cupertino, CA
12
RECYCLED TRANSFORMER
The "250 -Watt Power Inverter"
$52.78.
Keep up the good work.
LLOYD HARTENBERGER
Chester, IL
DIGITAL TACH FOR DIESEL CAR
In the November issue of Radio -
Hewitt of Florida, NY
was looking for a way to hook up a
digital tachometer to his diesel car.
He stated that he had put a disk with
holes around the circumference of
the alternator and was using an optical pickup.
It appears to me that he was overlooking the forest just to see a tree.
The alternator is an excellent signal
source to drive a tachometer. However, he will need to go inside the
alternator and attach a diode to the
junction where the stators feed the
rectifier diodes, run the other lead of
in Q&A Mr. J.
R -E
world.
They'll tell you success didn't come
easy...but it did come...thanks to their
CIE training. And today, a career in
electronics offers more rewards than
ever before.
PATENTED.
CIE's AUTO-PROGRAMMED lessons
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pioneered the first Electronics
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CIE
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40000011%7
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While some of our students have a
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others are just starting out. That's
why CIE has developed twelve career
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you're not sure which electronics
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started with core lessons applicable to
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completion of your Associate in
Applied Science Degree. So you can
work toward your degree in stages or
as fast as you wish. In fact, CIE is the
rYES!
-
FREE:
HANDBOOK!
Includes hundreds of the most
frequently used electronic symbols.
Published exclusively by CIE for
our students and alumni. Yours
free when you request a CIE
Course Catalog.
is
no obligation.)
AE46
Please print clearly
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I
Address
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Class of One. Since 1934.
A
J
15
EQUIPMENT REPORTS
1992 IC Master CD -ROM Plus
on disc.
The Sort menu lets you arrange
16
search information or load previously saved searches. On multiple -user systems, you can login our
logout, or get a list of current inquiries. The File menu also lets you exit
the IC Master and return to DOS.
The Info menu lets you find information on all manufacturers in the
IC master. Address, phone and fax
numbers, sales offices, distributors
and much more are included.
There's also a simple text editor that
lets you pull data from the disc and
insert it automatically into your text
file, which can be up to forty lines.
The Info submenus also let you
create lists of applications notes
and military parts, and find alternate
sources by device number.
The search menu lets you search
for devices by the type of device, by
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ri BP303- UNDERSTANDING
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HOBBYISTS HANDBOOK
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easy to use volume. Provides a range of useful reference material in a single
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basics of analog and digital meters. Methods of component testing includes
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NEW TRODUCTS.
Use the Free Information Card for more details on these products.
electronic components
ference between the measured and reference component values. Two selectable test frequencies (120
Hz and kHz) are available,
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comes with a pair of test
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an instruction manual.
The Model 878 LCR
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1
Others are simple statistics and plotting, and controlling and setting up the
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The binning feature sorts
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protective, sealed enclosure for stored components. Trays are lined with a
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29
THE
PARTS
PLACE
TECHLINETM
Tools
NEW! Autoranging
LCD Digital
Multimeter
Why pay more for mail- order? Your Radio Shack stocks 1000 electronic
components, and another 15,000 are available fast from our special -order
warehouse. Ordering is easy! Bring in the exact part number (or old part).
We'll check availability and order by phone. Delivery time to your nearby
Radio Shack for most items is a week.
TECHLINE 18 -Piece
Hex Key Set. Ideal for
engine and machinery
work. Heavy -duty steel
alloy. Standard sizes.
#64 -1816
#270 -294
Prices apply
at participating
30
4 99
IR
Transmitter Project
23/8 x 41/4"
enclosure.
4 49
DC Voltmeter. Measure
Dadielhaek
AMERICA'S
SINCE 1921
TECHNOLOGY STORE-
95
WORLD BAND
RADIO
RECEIVER
JOHN PIVNICHNY, N2DCH
BANDPASS
FILTERS
16.45 TO
FIRST
MIXER
(SIX)
(SEE TABLE 2
& FIG.8)
* FIRST
17.1 MHz
(SEE FIG.3)
I
* SECOND
IF
AMPLIFIER
FILTER
(SEE FIG.81
MIXER
BOARD 4
J
CRYSTAL
VARIABLE
FREQUENCY
OSCILLATOR
(SEE FIG.3)
OSCILLATORS
(FOUR)
(SEE FIG.4)
BOARD
L
9.83 MHz
* SECOND
CRYSTAL
FILTER
(SEE FIG.12)
IF
AUDIO
*DETECTOR
AMPLIFIER
BOARD 2
-*
AUDIO
AMPLIFIER
BOARD 5
L
AUTOMATIC
GAIN
CONTROL
BOARD
*SEE
FIG.
_3
1- FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SWX6 RECEIVER showing the partitioning of circuits on three principal circuit boards.
FIG.
BOARD
BOARD 2
BOARD
BOARD 3
BOARD
2 -VIEW OF THE INSIDE OF THE SWX6 RECEIVER showing the relative positions
of the three principal and two piggy -back circuit boards.
FIG.
32
+12V
FIRST IF AMPLIFIER
FIRST MIXER
R7
+12V
1.2K
R2
10
(14
13.45 -14.1
14.95 15.6
17.45 18.1
C14
1-
BANDPASS FILTERS
(VALUES IN MHz
(SEE FIG.8 -b)
ICI
:t
R5
1K
C15
.01
R8
FIG.4 a
R6
FIG.4-b
1K
OO-
FIG.4-c
S1-c
FIG.4-c
FIG.4-c
{{R7
_r0
16.45- 7.1MHz
S1-0
C18
0.1
It
C19
IC2
.001
MC1350
1K
C20
001
-3
7C
?100(3
ar+5V
R9
10K
(SEE FIG.8-a) R
C23
10F
CRYSTAL
FILTER
LM1498
.01
--0
O
NA
Ti
.01
12
+12V
R12
510
C16
3000
3000
11.45 -12.1
R4
R3
8200
9.45 -10.1
J1
ANTENNA
C2_
0.01
5.95 -6.6
C21
R7
5.1 K
.001
7C
1K
C17
.01
FIG.4-c
CRYSTAL OSCILLATORS
+12V
R14
1.2K
R17
R18
C25
5100
5100
.01
)l
+12V
T2
R15
8200.
14
8(
10
R22
10K
C27
1K
C15
0.01
t>1000
1K
1125
0.1
220(3
DETECTOR
0.10F
9.83MHz
R23
111-
= D2
MC1350
.01
SECOND
MIXER
C30
.001
/7777
R70
10K
10K i?
R27
R26
10K
2200
K-IC32
0.1
+12V
+ 12V
AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL
R65
10K
MPF132
RB2
R66
D5
18K
C38
1N914
400F
1169
10K
01
33K
R67
22K
J-
;
C42
1F
N+
+12V
R29
220
6
1N914
1164
1K
TO
J2 SPEAKER
R30
4
2
C41
400F
+K,O
IC5
LM388
R63
2.2M
C37
.05
AUDIO AMPLIFIER
D4
3
vI
100
+
C39
50F
C40
0.1
3-
SCHEMATIC FOR THE SWX6 RECEIVER with the principal functional circuits
labeled. Makre all connections between the contacts of switch Sl-a and the bandpass
filters with enameled magnet wire.
FIG.
.005
111F
R28
C 29
C26
VARIABLE
FREQUENCY
OSCILLATOR
C35
11434
.01
R20
+K
.01
360(3
C36
K.
51 N
C28
(SEE FIG.12) R 4
360(3
p1
C34
T3
FILTER
R21
R19
C24
CRYSTAL
12
IC3
11414911
R16
SECOND IF AMPLIFIER
vM
33
+5V BAND
R37
C51
L2
-16pF
C60
R45
2.0K
(3)
R41
,14
50pF
7MHz
O
R62
30052
C52
.01
(3)
7MHz
C53
10pF
R38
R39
33052
6.8K
74LS74
3
C55
C54 0.001
T33pF
7MHz
R43
10K
XTAL9
R44
2.2K
+5V BAND 4
INPUT (1) Q
+5V BAND
N914
INPUT
56K
1000
IC8
V1h
9.1K
C66
100pF'.
C67
INPUT (1)
12
5I
1.5MHz
-a.
+4
8
010
R55
2.2K
R57
9.1K
R60
3.3K
(3)
11
2N3904
OUTPUT (2)
1.0MHz
1
R58
22052
IC10
14
14
74LS74
+3
61
IC11
741S74
+2
SAA
R61
3.3K
(3)
4- SCHEMATICS FOR THE CRYSTAL -CONTROLLED oscillators that tune the six
5-
FILTER/MIXER BOARD layout with coaxial cabling and other wiring to the
band switch shown in foreground
FIG.
IC9
+5V BAND 6
34
OUTPUT (2)
2I 6I
14
10
FIG.
(3)
1N914
.01
R59
3.3K
(1)q
D8
3MHz
O
74LS74
R53
R50
9.1K
14
1N914
09
C65
OUTPUT (2)
-IDI
CO61
R49
2.2K
C62
.01
6MHz
100pF
100pri
D6
:R56
C64
741374
9.1K 7'
D7
XTAL10
IC7
C61
R54
15052
74LS74
+2
R52
9.1K
3 3K
14
-IOI
R47
100pF
300
08
2N3904
100pF
R40
9.1K
5MHz0
10MHz
.01
D
XTAL8
06
2N3904
-1OI
t9.1K
R46
C59
IC6
XTAL7
.01
R42
10K
2.7K
+ 5V BAND 3
INPUT (1) p
OUTPUT (2)
OUTPUT (2)
INPUT (1)
10.5MHz
O
15KS C5021MHz
+5V BAND 2
OUTPUT (2)
INPUT (1)
TABLE 1
DIMENSIONS FOR CIRCUIT BOARDS AND ENCLOSURE PANELS
Length (in.)
Function
Circuit boards
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Width (in.)
filter
31
3
5
3
23/s
3
1
Enclosure panels 2
10
9.9
7
3. Two sides 3
3.5
3.5
50
9.820
9.825
9.830
9.835
9.840
FREQUENCY -MHz
6- CRYSTAL
FILTER RESPONSE
curve showing relative gain in decibels
vs. frequency in kiloherz.
FIG.
nals and ensures that any signal outside the desired band is
sharply reduced prior to mixing
at the first oscillator. Further rejection occurs in the first IF
bandpass filter prior to any amplification. Only signals in the
selected band get through.
The separate bandpass filters
for each of the bands are built
on board 1, the largest of the five
circuit boards in the receiver
(see Fig. 1) shown in Fig. 5. This
filter-mixer board measures 3 1/4
x 6 -inchs and it contains the
oscillator /divider circuits for
each band and the first mixer
potentiometers,
TUNE
wiring.
You
35
*C1
116.7pF
L3
F-----
,,;
0.7716pH
(TAPPED)
-16pF
- VVVV -
- VVVV L4
L5
1.755pH
110pF
45.06pF
51.32pF
(TAPPED)
--41
o
1K
C3
-16pF
..----1 0.7716pH
110pF
K-----4-
*C2
C2
_
L6
<
__.__i`39pF
C4
2.0pH
l'--
1K
116.7pF
-16pF
Tr
PARALLEL VALUE
a
L3
L4
L6
0.7716H
1.755pH
0.7716F
(TAPPED)
(TAPPED)
5pF
5052
1K
39pF
PARALLEL VALUE
b
FIG.
8-
SCHEMATICS FOR THE BANDPASS FILTER fsr the 16.45 TO 17.1 MHz band, a,
and the five other bands, b.
Electronic circuitry
It is recommended that the receiver be built as a series of
modules that are individually
completed and tested before
final assembly and wiring. None
of the circuits in this receiver is
particularly challenging, and
construction should be well
within the skill level of the amateur who works with care and
attention to detail.
Printed circuit boards were
not used to build the SWX6 receiver circuitry so it will be necessary for you to plan the
locations of all components on
the boards before doing any assembly and soldering. After establishing a component layout
pattern, drill all of the holes necessary to insert the leads of the
boards.
Parts List
All resistors are 1/4- watt,
otherwise specified.
5 %
unless
-1 megohm
R38-6,800 ohms
R39-330 ohms
R57-
R41 -2700
ohms
R44, R49, R55-2200 ohms
R45 -2000 ohms
R51, R59, R60, R61 -3300 ohms
R54 -150 ohms
Capacitors
Cl, C4 -116.7 pF
Mouser 24PX016 or
1-
equivalent)
1-
equivalent)
C5, C7, C9, C11, -66pF (56pF in parallel with 10 pF)
C6, C10-49.7 pF (47 pF in parallel with
2.7 pF)
C8-68 pF
C12, C13 -180 pF
C14, C15, C16, C17, C22, C24, C25,
Semiconductors
(Motorola) or equivalent
01, Q3- MPF102 N- channel FET transistor
Q2- 2N3906 PNP transistor
Q4, Q5 -2N222 NPN transistor
Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9, Q10- 2N3904 NPN
transistor
C37- 0.05F
C38, C41- 40011F, electrolytic
Crystals
C39-50F, electrolytic
C43-735 pF (three 220 pF in parallel
with 75 pF, silvered mica or NPO ceramic
C44-5 pF, ceramic NPO
C45, C46, C47- 0.02F
C49-10-140 UNIT air dielectric tuning, Fair Radio Sales No. C12/T784 or
equivalent (surplus item)
C50-50 pF
C53-10 pF
C54-33 pF
panel -mount
R71 -5100 ohms
36
-16 pF trimmer,
equivalent)
R30-10 ohms
D1, D2-1N34
D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8-1N914
XTAL6-9830,4 MHz
Switches
S1- four -pole, six -position rotary,
Mouser 10WR046 or equivalent
panel- mounted, power
S2- slide,
Transformers
around the drilled holes to provide suitable isolation and insulation around the leads. It will
be necessary to drill rows of
holes for mounting the IC's.
BANDPASS FILTER
16.772 MHz
SIGNAL
GENERATOR
Component interconnection
ADJUST Cl
50 OHMS
FOR PEAK ON
RF VOLTMETER
1K
1K
_ 0
15
16
17
19
18
9-
TABLE
be used.
FIG. 10 -TEST SETUP TO TEST THE
END CAPACITOR.
Frequency (MHz)
Band
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
5.95
9.45
11.45
13.45
14.95
17.45
fc
- 6.6
- 10.1
- 12.1
- 14.1
- 15.6
- 18.1
6.267
9.770
11.770
13.771
15.272
17.772
f10
5.257
8.738
10.728
12.723
14.218
16.714
L1, L4
fill
L3
L2
Tap
turns
7.456
10.924
12.914
14.907
16.403
18.897
50
34
29
24
36
23
19
16
14
61
38
3
2
31
21
27
23
19
20
12
2
1
Parts List
50 -OHM
1K
-12
1K
Inductors
SIGNAL
GENERATOR
50 -OHM
17,897 MHz C2,L2
15,713 MHz C3,L3
RF
VOLTMETER
L1
RF VOLTMETER 50 OHMS
FREQUENCY -MHz
L2
C2
ADJUST
FOR NULL
Connectors
J1- coaxial
Miscellaneous:
1,
C12
C5
66pF
XTAL1
XTAL2
XTAL3 180pF
1oi---1aF---10i
C13
180pF XTAL4
)Hai
C11
XTAL5
iol
XTAL6
oHl---
36052
C6
C7
C8
49.7pF
66pF
68pF
C9
66pF
66pF
C10
360(
49.7pF
FIG. 12- SCHEMATIC FOR CRYSTAL FILTER showing the interconnection of 9830.4
kHz crystals and individual or parallel capacitors where needed to achieve desired
values.
37
PULLEY -TOSHAFT
ADAPTOR
-TUNER
VEE
GROOVE
BEZEL
3-INCH Q.D.
PULLEY
TUNE
KNOB
SLOTS IN RIM
GRADUATED
DIAL
(SEE TEXT)
MOUNTING BRACKET
TUNER
NYLON CORD
WOUND ON
SHAFT
FRONT PANEL
FIG. 13-EXPLODED VIEW OF DIAL DRIVE and tuning assembly with locking bearing.
Bandpass filter
After the second mixer is corn-
plete, you will have a tunable receiver covering the 16.45 to 17.1
MHz range. Now build and install the 16.45 to 17.1 MHz
bandpass filter. Refer to the
schematic, Fig. 8 -a. Build this
bandpass filter on board 4, a 1
x 3 -inch piece of copper-clad,
single -sided board stock so that
it can be easily removed. See Table 1.
111111111111
IIIIIIIIIII
11111111111
11111111111111
'1IIIIIIII1'
DIGITAL
VOICE
CHANGER/
DIGITAL
VOICE
\CHANGER
You can create unusual sound
Circuitry
to the schematic of
voice changer shown in Fig. 1.
The voice -changer circuit performs real -time digital signal
processing (DSP) of a person's
speech. The main circuit consists of ICI, IC3, and IC4 which
make up a 2 -stage microphone
preamplifier, a signal-processing unit and an audio power
amplifier.
The user's voice is picked up
DAVID WILLIAMS
data processing unit, and the 8bit digital values are stored in
the internal 1- kilobit RAM. Sithe data processing unit clocks the RAM data
into a digital -to -analog converter (DAC) that restores the analog signal. As long as the speech
data is clocked in and out of the
RAM at the same rate, the original signal is reproduced with no
change in pitch-this is the normal default mode of operation
when the voice changer is first
turned on. By pressing the
Table 1.
As the DAC frequency is in-
39
PARTS LIST
R3
LEDI
10K
VOLUME
9VDC
R12
R13
1K
1.5K
1.
R2-6800 ohms
C8
.047
SPKR
8/16 OHM
5VDC
Si
1.81781.05
ViN
S2
c...ON/OFF
SELECT
Vow
GND
4
5
R2
6.8KS
8
B1
c6=
9V
10
AUDIO OUT
11
12
C17
.,a,. C15
100F
XT
PD
STB
DGND
0.1
SG 19
32.2K
315K
MICIN
FIN2
LOUT
AOUT
LIN
AVDD
FINI
0.1
33pF
C4
101..tf
15
14
13
VV
Rt
51K
R6
220K
C5
10
Semiconductors
C13
IC1- MSM6322
220pF
IC4-a
1/2LM858
R8
Wk
R5
C12
5.6K
.01
AUDIO IN
15K
-VOICE CHANGER SCHEMATIC. The circuit performs real -time digital signal
processing of
-220
C1
-muF, 10 volts,
electrolytic
C2, C3-33 pF, ceramic
C4, C10-10 p.F, electrolytic
C5-1000 pF, ceramic
C6, C11, C14, C17- 0.111F, ceramic
C7, C9, C15 -100 p.F, electrolytic
C8 -0.047 RF, ceramic
C12-0.01 F, ceramic
C13, C16 -220 pF, ceramic
trol (OKI)
R9
27K
C14
SGC 17
16
DAO
-220 ohms
R12-1000 ohms
R13-1500 ohms
Capacitors
AGND 18
TEST2
R11
C2
33pF
20
NC
MS
2200
R7
is
4MHz
21
PRST
TESTI
R4-10 ohms
XTAL1
22
R11
R10
MICI
24
23
DWC
DVDD
UPC
ohms, potentiometer
R6-220,000 ohms
R7, R8- 15,000 ohms
R9-27,000 ohms
M8M8822
220pF
R3- 10,000
R5-5600 ohms
IC1
1C2
100F
100
10F
I(
FIG.
100f
R4
+ C10
C7
0.1
+C11
LM888
C16
C9
IC3
person's speech.
-9 -volt battery
(ICI)- $15.00
"/
board (with
e
INCHES
IC1
pre-mounted &
components-$59.00
Assembly
The MSM6322 pitch control
chip (IC1) is available from the
manufacturer (OKI) only in a
40
LOUT
LIN
FIN1
,1.r-t.1. r-----y
_.
y 15
MIN
14
T-...
FIN2
DAO
,1`
13
\l2
DVDD
9-BIT
LPF1
DAC
13/32"
3/8"
1/8"
BIAS
8 -BIT
0.57"
ADC
AOUT
I-
4-
0.60"
DATA
1.50"
PROCESSING
UNIT
Pw
2.40"4
FIG. 4-DRILL THE THREE HOLES in the
-
TIMING
STB,
CONTROL
1
OSC
MS,
`2
--t
T,
,T,
AGND
T2
DGND
2- INTERNAL DIAGRAM OF IC1. The input signal is amplified and then passed
through a 4th -order low -pass filter to an 8 -bit analog -to-digital converter which samples the speech signal at 8.33 kHz. The 8 -bit digital values are stored in the internal 1kbit RAM.
FIG.
B1
S2/R3
C10
IC3
L-,.---.._1
+ }
C16
-R4-
ca -CB-
IC7
3-
FIG.
PARTS- PLACEMENT DIAGRAM. IC1 is available only in a surface -mount package. The chip mounts on the foil side of the PC board. If you purchase the kit
mentioned in the Parts List, IC1 comes pre -soldered to the circuit board. LED1, S1, and
R3 also mount on the foil side to allow the parts to fit through the top of the enclosure.
shown
RST,
T1
S1, and R3 as
here.
-KBIT
RAM
41
TABLE
Step
D/A Sampling
Freq (KHz)
16.6
One octave up
14.0
Major sixth up
13.1
Minor sixth up
12.5
Fifth up
11.1
Fourth up
10.5
Major third up
9.00
Minor second up
8.83
First up
8.33
No change (normal)
16
7.87
First down
15
6.99
14
6.62
13
6.25
Fourth down
12
5.55
Fifth down
11
5.26
10
4.95
4.40
Pitch Shift
42
IC1
If you use the enclosure included in the kit, drill the three
holes in the top cover as shown
in Fig. 4. Then place the speaker over the 4 plastic pegs in the
case and secure it in place. Next,
remove the nut and washer
from the potentiometer R3, and
position the PC board so that
Si, LED1, and 52/R3 protrude
through the holes drilled in the
Operation
Install a 9 -volt battery, turn
the unit on, and set the volume
control about halfway. The LED
should light to show that the
unit is receiving power. Keep
the microphone away from the
speaker or you will experience a
loud feedback squeal. Each
time the voice changer is turned
on, it powers up in the normal
mode, where there's no pitch
change. If you speak into the
microphone at this point, you
should hear your normal voice
from the speaker.
Each time you press switch
Si, the pitch should rise one
step. After 8 presses, the voice
changer will be operating at the
maximum high pitch shift (one
full octave higher). On the 9th
press of Si, the circuit should
jump to the maximum low pitch
shift (one octave down). The
next 8 presses of Si will cause
the pitch to rise and finally return back to normal. The individual pitch change steps are
shown in Table 1.
If your unit is working properly, you should experiment to
see how your voice sounds at
each of the steps. Also, you can
bring the microphone near the
speaker to produce feedback deliberately. The feedback in the
normal mode is merely an annoying squeal, but with some of
the pitch shifts, you will hear
some interesting effects that
sound like a spaceship or a raygun.
R -E
these IR switches.
JAIME LASSO*
IN
How it works
Most TV remote controls
transmit a coded signal consisting of short bursts of a higher
frequency (between 30 and 60
kHz). In our case, we don't care
about the coded signal. All we
care about is the very first pulse
that the remote control transmits. Referring to the schematic in Fig. 1, IR pulses are
detected by the combination of
D1 (a Motorola infrared detector
diode MC821) and IC1 (a Motorola MC3373 infrared amplifier/
detector), which are the heart of
the circuit. Those two components capture the pulse, demodulate it, clean it up, amplify
it, and get rid of the power-line
IR emissions, which are abundant in most areas.
Infrared signals are detected
by the reversed-biased photo diode D1, and processed by amplifier- detector ICI, which provides a clean pulse at its output
pin 1. This low -going pulse triggers a one -shot monostable
multivibrator IC2 -a (half of an
MC74HC74) whose g output
(pin 5), in turn, goes low and
stays low for about 2 seconds.
The time is determined by C5
2t/e INCHES
43
D1
+5V
+5V
C31
R1
.1
47K
Cl
+3
R2
1/2
60 ms
Vcc
E--IN
MRD821 GND
OUT
2,
C4
12
=
tF1%
RS
TR1
2N8071A
CLK
71
R9
C2
1/2
+5V
C5
1F
+5V
TO
IC2
+5V
1MEG
O8
CLK
IE
IC2-b
MC74HC74
TR1
R4
1.2MEG
-+-4Mr
S01
MT2
PIN 3
GATE
MT1
+5V
R10
3ME6
R7
2K
R8
4.7K
MA
AM
O BLACK
D3
MODI
GP1U52X
D2
C9
.001
1N4733
C6I
1N4003
C7
4701-
O WHITE
AC 120V 60Hz
1011F
_J
L
FIG.
pS
GND RS1
1/2
13
secL10
I(
FILTER 6
1F
AM
Vcc
C8
.01
FILTER
O5
J,.S
R6
150L
AAA
68052
MC74HC74
14
R3
47K
IC1
MC3373
D1
4
PS
PEAK
HOLD
IC3
MOC3011
R5
47K
8.
.001
+5V
IC2 a
5V
-THIS
detector diode
C2
on
IF3
RB
C3
IC2
IC1
R4
-R3-R1--
+1402U
R5 ,10
Ct
D1
.l
R7
D1
BLACK
C7
-R6-
S 01
TO
AC LINE
1C3
C4
TR1
WHITE
TACK SOLDER
TR1
R9 (1MEG)
FROM PIN 3
OF IC2
TO GROUND
THE
ON
BACK
OF THE BOARD
liC
2- PARTS -PLACEMENT DIAGRAM for the IR switch that contains Di and IC1. TR1
must be placed with its metal side facing away from board, and the side of the
photodiode (D1) with the dot on it must also face away from the board.
FIG.
the GPIU52X
BLACK
-C9MODI
-}03
RS
C5
R10
R7
R4
D?
1C2
R5 6
+
C2
IC3
TO AC
SO1
LINE
+ C7-
R62
O WHITE
TRI
TR1
LI3
2
44
3-
PARTS- PLACEMENT DIAGRAM for the IR switch that contains MOD1. Use only
the parts shown on this board, and disregard the parts that are used only on the other
board.
FIG.
IR
module
Assembly
Each of the two IR detection
circuits makes use of a different
PC board, so we've provided the
Continued r' page 90
nators.
CRYSTAL
OSCILLATORS
Armed with the information
well present on the mechanical
and electrical properties of crystal resonators, you'll have a better understanding of how to
purchase and use low -cost crystals in your experiments or electronic projects.
Properties of crystals
The starting point in this
subject is crystallography, the
study of the form, structure,
properties, and classification of
45
PIEZOELECTRIC
CRYSTAL
VOLTMETER
Piezoelectric effect.
lb understand how and why a
crystal resonates as a tank circuit, it is necessary to understand the piezoelectric effect.
Occurring in both man -made
and natural crystals, there are
two reciprocal modes to this
effect. The first, as shown in
Fig. 1 -a, is the generation of a
voltage between the opposite
VOLTAGE
RESPONSE
TO STRESS
ELECTRODES
MECHANICAL
STRESS
46
PIEZOELECTRIC
CRYSTAL
AC
GENERATOR
ELECTRODES
MECHANICAL
VIBRATIONS
b
machines, and the transmitting elements of depth sounders, where they are also known
as transducers. In depthsounders and ultrasonic diagnostic
equipment, the transducer can
function both as a transmitting
and receiving element.
The piezoelectric effect is ex-
Crystal resonance
The mechanical resonant frequency of a crystal can be determined by applying an alternat-
09
50
20
8.0
10.0
Practical resonators
Figure 4 is a drawing of a typical crystal resonator with its
protective case or can removed.
The crystal resonator is sliced,
cut, and polished as a disk. It
has one deposited metal electrode on each face, about 1000
angstroms thick. Electrode
metal can be gold, silver, aluminum or other suitable metal.
The resonator is supported on
3-CRYSTAL SLICES ARE CUT FROM A QUARTZ blank at different angles with
respect to the axes to yield different mechanical and electrical characteristics.
FIG.
and are most useful in the 100 to 500 -kHz range. The MT cut
vibrates longitudinally and is
47
PINS (2)
HEADER
resonance crystals.
A series -tuned circuit is capacitive below its series -resonant frequency fs and inductive
above it. The series- resonant
INSULATOR
fs
2n- /L,Cs
SUPPORT STRUT (2)
fue.
METAL CAN
UPPER ELECTRODE
QUARTZ CRYSTAL
LOWER
ELECTRODE
4-A QUARTZ- CRYSTAL RESONATOR with its case removed. The silvered electrodes are on opposite sides of crystal disk and the disk is supported at its nodal
points.
FIG.
contamination. It is essential
that all moisture be removed
48
27r.JLSC
where
CSCP
=
Cs + CP
usually
more stable than a series -resonance crystal. The parallel -resonance crystal's change in inductive reactance per change in
frequency (LX/Af) is greater
above series resonance than at
INDUCTIVE
REACTANCE
XL
PARALLEL
RESONANCE
RANGE fP
N
W
ANTI -RESONANCE
FREQUENCY
CAPACITIVE
REACTANCE
Xc
ESR
SERIES
RESONANCE
resonator characteristics by
6-
plotting reactance vs. frequency. In the parallel resonance region, the magnitude of the
40
- 60
-60
-40
-20
TABLE 1
TYPICAL VALUES FOR A CRYSTAL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
CRYSTAL
f(MHz)
Cs (pF) Ls (mH) Rs (ohms) C
20
80
0,004
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.0012
633
905
9.0
2.2
3,3
62k
388
16
:
40
50
Other characteristics.
The relationship between a
quartz crystal's thickness and
resonant frequency is expressed as h = 65.5/R, where h
is the thickness in inches, and
fR is the resonant frequency in
kilohertz. This formula says
so
80
100
crystal resonator.
1:0
10
40
FIG. 7 -Plot of frequency change with respect to temperature for a typical AT-cut
plications.
0.100
20
TEMPERATURE (CELSIUS)
(pF) CL (pF)
RL
(ohms)
4
7
7
7
20
90k
32
575
24
32
Series' Resonance
Series Resonance
cutting
ELECTRONICS
or
COMPUTERS
Temperature stability
A crystal's resonant frequency
By Studying at Home
Grantham College of Engineering,
now in our 42nd year, is highly experienced in "distance education"
teaching by correspondence- through
printed materials, computer materials,
fax, and phone.
No commuting to class. Study at
your own pace, while continuing on
your present job. Learn from easy -tounderstand but complete and thorough
lesson materials, with additional help
from our instructors.
Our Computer B.S. Degree Program includes courses in BASIC,
PASCAL and C languages as well as
Assembly Language, MS DOS, CADD,
Robotics, and much more.
Our Electronics B.S. Degree Program includes courses in Solid -State
Circuit Analysis and Design, Control
Systems, Analog/ Digital Communications, Microwave Engr, and much more.
An important part of being prepared to move up is holding the right
college degree, and the absolutely necessary part is knowing your field.
Grantham can help you both ways
to learn more and to earn your degree
in the process.
Write or phone for our free
catalog. Toll free, 1-800 -955 -2527, or
see mailing address below.
Accredited by
the Accrediting Commission of the
National Home Study Council
GRANTHAM
College of Engineering
54
Calibration tolerance.
A
Aging
g is a gradual change in a
with respect to time. It is usually specified in parts per million per year (ppm/year). Typical
values range from 3 to 10 ppm/
year. For example, a 10 -MHz
crystal with an aging rate of 10
ppm/year can change by 100
hertz per year. One cause of
aging is the redistribution of
particles of quartz and embedded grinding compound that
were not removed by careful
cleaning.
These microscopic materials
remain within the holder after
hermetic sealing and are redistributed as a result of resonator vibration. Thus aging is
directly affected by the power input or drive level.
In addition, slow leaks in the
hermetic seal can allow air,
Standard holders
The holders were standardized by a military specification
years ago, and they are still referred to as HC numbers (for
HC -XX/U) to identify resonator
type and size. Crystal resonators are available from stock
with resonant frequencies from
about 70 kHz to 200 MHz. Specials can be ordered as custom
items. We wish to acknowledge
the assistance of Royden Freeland of International Crystal
Mfg., Co. Oklahoma City, OK, in
checking this manuscript for
accuracy.
R -E
i6\ i
OTRAYrr
THOMAS E. BLACK
YOU SLIP THE FLOPPY IN YOUR A:
and an
AC
power strip, as
ensv 4!,.iP._.`a.11if
,ieii
.eA1A:
software. The
RE -BBS
55
RJ 11 -.
TO PHONE LINE
117VAC
LED1
GREEN
ON
ON/STANDBY
OFF
LED
RED
POWER
S1
ON /OFF
S2
POWER
RING
THING
MODIFIED AC
POWER STRIP
IBM COMPATIBLE PC
FIG. 1-RING-THING ALLOWS THE REMOTE CONTROL of any AC- powered device via
standard telephone lines. An optional PC interface allows computer -controlled power -
downs.
TABLE
1- RING -THING
FEATURES
-2
-8
operation:
and
ON /STANDBY
POWER ON /OFF. They operate
follows.
ON /STANDBY
as
enables remote
functions in
Remote control
Activating the system for remote control by a PC takes five
simple steps.
1. Set your modem (or Fax
board) to answer on 1-4 rings.
See your board's documentation for instructions on how to
do that.
2. Set up your computer so that
your favorite modem (or Fax)
shut
Circuit overview
Ring -Thing consists of two
LED2
LED1
GREEN
RING
DETECT
CIRCUIT
TO
TELEPHONE
+5V0
+12VO
LED
DRIVERS
LINE
MAIN BOARD
RED
POWER ON
ON/STANDBY
---
POWER
SUPPLY
12VAC
1
1
SPEAKER
DRIVER
000
+12V
11'
7VAGI
A.4_0
-Z
ON /STANDBY
oS10
ON
RING
'Jul
COUNT
MODE
OFF
RING
PATTERN
MODE
RELAY
IC11
POWER ON /OFF
DRIVER
POWER BOARD
MC6BHC705K1
S2
117VAC
POWER
STRIP
L_-o
PATTERN /COUNT
Jul
JU2 10 RINGS
RING
JU2
1/10 RINGS
PARALLEL
PORT
INTERFACE
STANDARD PC
PARALLEL PORT
2-
ground circuits.
57
RY1- Relay,
WHITE
117VAC
1715-1A-12D
to 12VAC, 120 mA Transformer, Mouser 41PG120
PC board, plastic strain reliefs, plastic
spacers ( #4 x 1/4"), 4 -40 x 1/2" machine screws with nuts, 14 AWG
stranded wire
OPTIONAL PC POWER -DOWN
T1- 120VAC
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
ON/OFF
3
POWER
BOARD
PARTS
12VAC
IC3, IC4,
AC
POWER
STRIP
IC5- PS2502 -1
NEC
Optoisolator
D7, 08, D9- 1N4148 or 1N914 signal
diode
R16, R18, R19, R20 -2200 ohms
5- conductor cable (22 AWG, 6 feet),
J4
J3
TO BR1
TO
of
MAIN BOARD
B1
FIG. 3 -THE AC POWER STRIP contains a 12 -volt transformer and a 12 -volt relay
mounted on a separate circuit board. Wire the relay's contacts in series with the power
-9 -volt
NC1604 or equiv.
Multi- outlet AC power strip (see text)
with 6 -amp 3AG fuse and holder
ORDERING INFORMATION
The following parts are available from
R2
100K
IN4148T
OSC11
RES
Cl
IC1
XTAL1
MC6BHC705K1
PB1
27pF
4MHz
TO IC6-e
FROM
PARALLEL
PORT
DRIVER
C71
OSC2
15
C8
TO IC6-f
PBO
FROM RING
DETECT
CIRCUIT
IRO
GND
V,
14
Vcc
13
S1
Vcc
ON/OFF
R10
100K
C5\
PAO
C10
Vcc
S2
STANDBY
.1
R11
,Zo
PA7
100K
PA6
PA2
PA5
V cc
11
ON /STBY LED
10
BEEP
TO
ON/STANDBY
LED
ID,
R13
100K
FIG.
POWER
R12
100K
PA3
ED,
PA4
RLY
TO TONE
GENERATOR
TO RELAY
DRIVER
58
LED
.1
JU2
TO
POWER LED
PA1
C11
Jul
12
controller, enclosure, PC board set, documentation, less PC power-down feature): $79.95. PC power -down kit (parts,
DB25 cable, software): $9.95. Basic kit
(PC board set, microcontroller, transformer, relay, software, documentation):
$59.95. PC board set ( #RT001):
Microcontroller Ring -
-a
TO PARALLEL
PORT CIRCUIT
LED CIRCUIT
TO
LED2
IC5,PIN2
V00
C6-c
74HCT14
FROM
1/6
ICI,PIN12
RED
POWER
R22
47012
R1
47052
,es,
FROM
ICI,PIN11
74HCT14
1/6
LEDs
GREEN
ON/STANDBY
a
C3
R5
16V
2252
/IC2-b
1/z
FROM
MICROCONTROLLER
1/8
LM358N
IC6-b
74HCT14
10Nf
TONE GENERATOR
SPKR1
8S2
IC7-c
IC7-d
1/4 4001
8 1/4 4001
11
FROM
IC1,PIN10
10
'IC7 -b
1/4
4001
+12V
RELAY DRIVER
TO
POWER BOARD
RELAY COIL INPUTS
FROM
ICI,PIN9
c
5-
FIG.
SEPARATE MICROCONTROLLER OUTPUTS drive the LED (a), tone generator
(b), and relay (c) outputs.
Ring detect on
Phone ringing
Phone line in use
Manual AC power
Ring invoked power
AC power timeout
rapidly
On /Standby LED on
On /Standby LED flashing rapidly
On /Standby LED blinking slowly
Power -on LED On
Power -on LED blinking slowly
Power -on LED flashing rapidly (two- minute
warning).
-it
software is nonvolatile
remains even when power is removed-it is called firmware.
The firmware uses all 504 bytes
of program ROM to implement a
sophisticated real -time operat-
The
PAO
and
PAI
59
Board construction
As you already know, the Air
Hop is made from three separate sections, on three separate
PC boards. We've provided the
foil patterns for the boards in
case you want to make your
own. The parts- placement diagram for the transmitter board
is shown in Fig. 9, the optical
amplifier board in Fig. 10, and
the FM demodulator board in
Fig. 11. In Fig. 10, notice that
there are three holes for D1,
which allow you to mount the
PIN diode facing the front of the
board regardless of which PIN
diode you use. Also in Fig. 10, as
mentioned before, R4 and R5
make up one low -capacitance
resistor-solder one lead of each
When the input from the receiver exceeds the leakage signal, the loop locks to the real
MIC1
eliminated.
If you expect to transmit at
distances over 1500 feet, the FM
demodulator board must be
shielded from the optical amplifier board. Some copper-foil cov-
R17
C7
(
FIG.
C4
-R2-
C5
-C2-
C13
R12
R7
R3
-C1- +
-OA
R18
R16
C7
O1
C1I2
Ri?1
-C14-C15-
-0 B
TO FM
-0C
DEMODULATOR
BOARD
-pD
R43
06
R8
0
R4-C3-
R5
C11
R6
R1
R17
R2 R4
R19
R15
C16
R20
SEE TEXT
FIG. 10-OPTICAL AMPLIFIER parts -placement diagram. There are three holes for D1
to accommodate different PIN diodes. Resistors R4 and R5 are wired in series and
installed as one resistor.
+;V
SPKR1
o--
FROM
OPTICAL
AMPLIFIER
BOARD
C
D
R17
FIG.
11
-FM
C11Y
R18
61
R1- 100,000
R2- 10,000
ohms
ohms
-22
R20-360 ohms
Capacitors
Cl, C4, C8-10
fit
F, 16 volts, electrolytic
C2, C5, C9 0.1 F, ceramic
C3, C12, C14-C16 -0.01 F, ceramic
C6, C7, C11 -470 pF, ceramic, 10%
C10-0,001 F, ceramic, 10%
C13-100 F, 16 volts, electrolytic
Semiconductors
Q1-MPS918
-PIN
Other components
SPKR1
-8-
to 45 -ohm speaker
RI
Capacitors
Cl-C3, C6-1
F, 16 volts, electrolytic
C4 -100 F, 16 volts, electrolytic
C5, C9-10 F, 16 volts, electrolytic
C7 -0.001 F, ceramic
C8, C10, C11 -0.01 p,F, ceramic
Semiconductors
IC1 -NE555
timer
Q12N3904 NPN transistor
LED1- LED4 -1R LED (Optek 0P293A
880nm, Optek OP295A 880nm narrow
beam, Lytron 940nm, see text)
04-
Other components
MIC1-electret microphone
Miscellaneous: 4 "AA" batteries and
holder, PC board, PVC pipe and plastic
disks, hardware, wire, solder. etc.
and finding
distancesperformed. Remember
focal
were
that when you align the lenses,
you can't see the infrared signal. There's nothing like focusing an image that you can't see!
The only way you can tell if the
signal is improving is by
monitoring either TP1 or TP2;
you should see a 50- kilohertz
sinewave. The amplitude of the
signal is proportional to the received signal strength. Expect
tens to hundreds of millivolts.
The prototype worked well at
INCHES
INCHES
able from
potentiometer
R9. R14, R15- 68.000 ohms
R17 -4700 ohms
R18- 10,000 ohms, potentiometer
R19- 22,000 ohms
R20- 470,000 ohms
R21 -10 ohms
Capacitors
Cl, C6, C10, C16-1
F, 16 volts, elec-
trolytic
C2, C5, C9. C12 -0.1 F, ceramic
C3-100 F, 16 volts, electrolytic
C4, C7 -0.001 F, ceramic, 10%
Semiconductors
IC1 -LM311 or LT1011 comparator
IC2-CD4046
KIT- $30.00
KIT- $12.00
audio amplifier
(Motorola)
Q1- 2N3904 NPN transistor
Miscellaneous: 9 -volt battery and clip,
IC3- MC34119
63
Calculating distance
In central Pennsylvania
where the author lives, it's hard
to find a straight stretch of road
longer than about a half mile.
(Roads are good for testing because the distance can be measured by using the odometer in
your car or bike.) When the original Air Hop was tested in
southwestern Virginia, short distance ranges were set up
along a road. Long- distance
ranges were set up from mountaintop to mountaintop and
measured with topographical
maps.
There is a way to calculate
how far your system will work
without using a long optical
path. The transmitter must be
fitted with its collimating lens
and adjusted for best performance because the lens -gain
equations work only for the receiving optics. No lens should
be used on the receiver for this
test.
Set up your transmitter and
receiver a reasonable distance
apart-say 100 feet. Adjust the
transmit optics for the best signal, and then move the receiver
back until the signal gets a little
noisy. (This experiment can occupy the best part of a day because the physical alignment
must be performed each time
you move the receiver.) If you obtain a distance of 250 feet, and
were to add a three -inch lens
with a gain of 24.5 to the receiver, the usable distance
would be 6125 feet.
Variations
The bandwidth can be increased by increasing the car-
10K
,N
CO
TO
0.001F
(10%)
OUTPUT
TO
OF
COMPARATOR
INPUT
OPTICAL
AMPLIFIER
10mH
(TOKO)
10K
FIG. 14 -THIS LC FILTER, placed between the output of the optical amplifier
and the FM demodulator, can increase
the usable distance by decreasing the
bandwidth.
lenses.
The efficiency of an LED falls
with temperature, so keeping
the LED cool will help. As a matter of fact, that's one of the major reasons why the author lost
the original Air Hop competition. His opponent attached a
heat sink to his LED by soldering some heavy copper foil to
the LED's cathode lead, the lead
on which the die is mounted. If
you look closely inside an LED,
you will see that one of the lead
ends is larger than the other
and is bent 90 degrees. That
lead carries the heat out of the
being able to see it. By mounting four red LED's around the
infrared LED, the collimation of
the four red units was visible.
Because the IR LED was in the
middle of the red units, it could
also be aimed.
Even though the winning
contestant had "cheated" by
heatsinking an LED and running it at five times the rated
current, the author would like
to thank Gene Wood for challenging him to the original Air
Hop contest -otherwise this
project would not exist.
R -E
1992
ANNUAL INDEX
Oct 75
Dec 12
Nov 61
Oct 69
Sep 58
Sep 16
Jun 57
Nov 38
Jun
12
Apr 31
Jul 33
Oct 35
Mar 33
Nov 38
Oct 12
Jan 12
Sep 71
Sep 37
AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY CONVENTION
AES: Audio Fact and Fantasy (Klein)(AUD)
Mar 80
Let's Phase the Music: More from
May 73
the AES Convention (Klein)(AUD)
Testing the Testers (Klein)(AUD)
Jun 76
AUDIO UPDATE (Klein)(D
Jan 73,Feb 85,Mar 80
Apr 70,May 73,Jun 76,Ju182
Sep 92,Oct 78,Nov 78,Dec 94
AES: Audio Fact and Fantasy
Mar 80
Audio Evaluations:
A Non-Mystical Approach
Nov 78
Format Future Shock
Sep 92
Hear Today, Gone Tomorrow
Apr 70
It's a Matter of Hear Today,
Gone Tomorrow
Dec 94
Kit Era Passes:
Heath Pulls the Plug
Let's Phase the Music:
Jul 82
May 73
Feb 85
Jan 73
Jun 76
Oct 78
Aug
14
Nov 57
Apr 31
Jul 57
May 82
Jan 75
B
Back to Automotive Regulators and
Foward to our Oscilloscope (Grossblatt)(DB) May 82
Battery Tester. Car (Fox)(C)
Jul 57
Beckman Industrial
DM1OXL Digital Multimeter (ER)
Sep 22
Dec 16
Breadboarding
JPC International TD107
Digital Designer (ER)
Nov 22
BUILD A/THE/THIS
FM Stereo Broadcaster (Stroud)(C)
Hardi-Talkie (Wray)(C)
Jul 33
Oct 35
High Power Audio Amp for
your Car (Metz and Boyce)(C)
Apr 31
Hyper Clock (Schmidt)(C )
Feb 33
Microprocessor Development
System (Dage)(C)
Apr 57, May 57
MIDI Interface for your PC (Simonton)(C)
Mar 33
Potapuise Recycler (Spiwak)(C)
May 64
Power Controller for Automotive
Accessories (Sweeney))(C)
Nov 57
Reflex Timer (Kennedy)(C
Oct 43
Robot Bug )Sonntag and Chaney)(C)
Jun 33
Snooper Stopper (Wolf)(C)
Apr 37
Super Strobe (Simonton and Simonton)(C)
Nov 31
Buyer's Guide to DMM's (Prentiss)
May 31
C
CD-I (Holtzman)(CC)
CD-ROM Science and Technical Reference
Set, McGraw -Hill (ER)
CD- to- Car-Radio Adapters (Lancaster)(HH)
Dec 97
CON (Holtzman)(CC)
Dec 97
CET EXAM
March 10: Electronics Technicians
Day (Steckler)
Mar 16
CABLE
Jan 22
Jun 69
Jan 33
Apr 37
May 12
Circuit (Lancaster)(HH)
Update (Lancaster)(HH)
Capacitance Meter
PC -Based Test Bench (Wolfe)(C)
Car Battery Tester (Fox)(C)
Checker Computer- Monitor Tester,
The (ER)
Cheshire Cat, Multimedia,
and Vision, The (Holtzman)(CC)
Christmas Ornament
Glitter Globe (Holzwarth)(C)
Classic Video Amps
Revisited (Perez)
Jun 57,(LET)
Mar 73
Feb 77
Jul 41
Jul 57
Oct
16
Sep 97
Dec 35
Oct
14
05 ;2
2.0
Jun 84
Apr 80
PC
assword Protection (Hatten)(C)
Jul 51
Jun 39,Jul41,Aug
-Based Test Bench (Wolfe)(C)
60,Oct 47
Feb 12
Speed Limit (ARE)
PageAhead Software,
Nov 88
InfoPublisher (HoltzmanXCC)
Paper Software's SideBar (Holtzman)(CC)
Jan 84
Paragon Engineering LA16PC
Logic Analyzer (ER)
Jul 21
65
Jan 84
Sep 12
Sep 97
Jun 84
Jan 67
Sep 79
Downconverter (Sheets and Graf)
Aug 67
Linear Amp (Graf and Sheets)
Build
A Power Controller for Automotive
Nov 57
Accessories (Sweeney)
Feb 33
the Hyper Clock (Schmidt)
May 64
The Polapulse Recycler (Spivak)
Apr 37
The Snooper Stopper (Wolf)
Jul 33
This FM Stereo Broadcaster (Stroud)
Oct 35
This Handi- Talkie (Wray)
This High Power Audio Amp
Apr 31
tor your Car (Metz and Boyce)
This Microprocessor Development
Apr 57,May 57
System (page)
This MIDI Interface for your PC (Simonton) Mar 33
Oct 43
This Reflex Timer (Kennedy)
Jun 33
This Robot Bug (Sonntag and Chaney)
This Super Strobe (Simonton and Simonton) Nov 31
Jul 57
Nov 38
Amplifiers (Kitchin)
May 50,(LET)Oct 14
Jun 53
Electronic Thermostat (Kreuter)
Experimenting with ADC for
your PC (Barbarello)
Jan 59,Feb 65,(LET)Mar 14
Dec 43
FaxModem Protector (Petruzzellis)
Dec 35
Glitter Globe (Holzwarth)
Dec 47
Inrush Current Limiter (Wirth)
Intelligent Phone -Line
Monitor (Black)
Mar 53,Apr 52
Dec 51
Light Beam Communicator (Kreuter)
May 41
MIDI Light Controller (Keefe)
Jan 47
Monitor Tester (Price)
Juf 51
PC Password Protection (Hatten)
PC -Based Test
Jun 39,Jul 41,Aug 60,0c 47
Bench (Wolfe)
Apr 47
Remote Control for your Dog (Canino)
Scanner Converter (Sheets and Graf) Feb 42,Mar 41
Mar 59
Single -Chip Messaging System (Tenney)
Sep 71
Sloping Vee Antenna (Formato)
May 47
Solid -State Relay (Kreuter)
Jan 43
Mate
(Plant)
Speaker
Aug 33
Surf Man (Simonton)
Sweep'Function
Jan 35,Feb 53
Generator (Lashansky)
Telephone
Nov 45
Hold Button (Green)
Aug 37
Scrambler (Rosenmayer)
Nov 47
Universal Remote Control (Eady)
VFX Digital Signal
Processor (Borax and Beck)
Sep 37
Sep 85
Consultants Network (Lancaster)(HH)
Consumer Fraud, Syndicated Reviewers,
Oct 78
AM Stereo and ( Klein)(AUD)
Nov 61
Continuity Checker, 555 -Based (Marston)
Dec 77
Conventional Currents ( Lancaster)(HH)
Aug 72
Correlation Fundamentals Lancaster)(HH)
Mar 90
CrossTalk for Windows 1.2 ( Holtzman)(CC)
Dec 12
Crystal Oscillator (QA)
Digital Altimeter (Caristi)
May
31
Mar 24
Dec 88
Oct 88
Mar 90
Designer 3.1 ( Holtzman)(CC)
Oct 61
Differential Probe (Dorfman)
Din -Call Intelligent
Apr 52
Phone -Line Monitor ) Black)(C)
DIGITAL
Altimeter (Caristi)(C)
May 50,(LET) Oct 14
Nov 22
Designer, JPC International TD107 (ER)
Oct 79
Image Processing ( Lancaster)(HH)
"
Oct 47
Feb 88
Sep 37
Nov 12
Aug 72
Nov 68
Dec 14
Sep 79
Apr 24
Release 3.0 (ER)
GAD GridPad RF Pen -Based PC ( Holtzman)(CC) Feb 91
H
Hacking Super Nintendo ( Lancaster)(HH)
Handi -Talkie, Build This (Wray)(C)
Hard -Disk Standards,
The Inside Story on (Miller)
Hard -Drive LED (ARE)
HARDWARE (SEE COMPUTER)
HARDWARE HACKER (Lancaster)(D)
77,Mar 73
Apr 63
Oct 35
Jun 63
Jul 10
Jan 67,Feb
Caller ID Update
Conventional Currents
Distant FM Reception
Dye -Based Solar Energy
Histogram Equalization
Jul
Oct
77
85
77
77
68
75
79
63
72
69
73
67
Apr
Aug
Jun
Oct 79
Nov 45
Feb 33
Dec 12
Mar 73
Mar
Jan
Apr 70
Jul 82
10 IC Master, Using
Mar 12
EDITORIAL (Steckler)(D)
Everything Changes
It's Now or Never
Sep 4,0c
4
4
4
4
4
ELECTRONIC
ISCET
March 10: Electronics Technicians
ay (Steckler)
Industry Evolution ( Holtzman)(CC)
Inrush Current Limiter (Wirth)(C)
Inside Story on Hard-Disk Standards,
The (Miller)
Intelligent Phone -Line
Monitor (Black)(C)
It's a Matter of Hear Today,
Gone Tomorrow ( Klein)(AUD)
It's Now or Never (Steckler)(ED)
ItWorks, NTSC ( Holtzman)(CC)
Mar 16
Mar 90
Dec 47
Jun 63
Mar 53,Apr 52
Dec 94
Nov 4,Dec 4
Nov 88
J
JPC International TD107 Digital Designer (ER) Nov 22
K
Kelvin 100K Digital Multimeter (ER)
Kit Era Passes:
Heath Pulls the Plug (Klein)(Aud)
Feb 16
Jul 82
L
LED Display Drivers,
Working with (Marston)
LED's, Working with (Marston)
Mar 65,May 65
Jan 50,Feb 69
Mar 90
Apr 63
Let's
Jun 12
Aug 72
Jul
Jun
Oct
Dec
Dec
Jan
Sep
33
69
35
77
43
87
92
Frequency Counter
Jul 41
PC-Based Test Bench (Wolfe)(C)
From Not -Working to Networking
16
53,Oct
55,Sep
65,(LET)Nov
(McClellan)
Aug
Freeze Frame Super
Nov 31
Strobe (Simonton and Simonton)(C)
Apr 12
Fuse Substitutions (ARE)
GPS NAVIGATION
Jan 67
Resources ( Lancaster)(HH)
Apr 63
Update ( Lancaster)(HH)
Lite
Gage Applied Science CompuScope
Oct 14
Aug 22,(LET)
PC Oscilloscope (ER)
Oct 79
Gamma Curve Correction ( Lancaster)(HH)
Nov 88
Gigabyte Memory Storage ( Holtzman)(CC)
Dec 35
Glitter Globe (Holzwarth)()
Global Specialties Photolab
the ( Lancaster)(HH)
Lantastic 40 ( Holtzman)(CC)
F
FM
Antenna (ARE)
Antenna Range Contest ( Lancaster)(HH)
Stereo
Broadcaster, Build This (Stroud)(C)
Broadcasters ( Lancaster)(HH)
Transciever, The Handi -Talkie (Wray)(C)
Yagi Antenna Design Lancaster)(HH)
Fax /Modem Protector (Petruzzellis)(C)
66
Sep 22
Dec 16
Feb 16
DM1OXL (ER)
HD160 (ER)
Kelvin 100K (ER)
Beckman Industrial
Oscilloscope (Grossblatt)(DB)
Jul 88
Nov 84
Scrambler! (Grossblatt)(DB)
Explore the Mysteries of Video
Aug 27
Scrambling (Grossblatt)(DB)
Get Back To Our SSAVI
Dec 88
eccrambler (Grossblatt)(DB)
Phase the Music: More from the
May 73
AES Convention (Klein)(AUD)
See What's Involved in Descrambling
Oct 88
a SSAVI Signal (Grossblatt)(DB)
Work on the Vertical Section of
Apr 72
our Scope (Grossblatt)(DB)
Jan 14,Feb 14,Mar 14,Apr 16
LETTERS (0)
May 16,Jun 14,Jul 12,Aug 20
Sep 16,0c 14,Nov 16,Dec 14
LIGHT
Nov 61
Alarms, 555 Oscillators (Marston)
Dec 51
Beam Communicator (Kreuter)(C)
May 41
Controller, MIDI (Keete)(C)
Aug 67
Linear Amp, ATV (Graf and Sheets)(C)
Oct 12
Line-Level Difference (QA)
Local Area Networks
From Not-Working to
Networking (McClellan)
Aug 55,Sep 53,Oct 65
Local Bus (QA)
Oct 12
Nov 12
Locked -Up Computer (QA)
PC -Based Test
Jul 21
Nov 12
Feb 77
M
MIDI
Interface for your PC (Simonton)(C) Mar 33,(LET)Jul 12
Light Controller (Kee(e)(C)
May 41
MTS Stereo (QA)
Dec 12
March 10: Electronics Technicians
Day (Steckler)
Mar 16
Marketing Your Ideas ( Lancaster)(HH)
Sep 85
McGraw -Hill CD -ROM Science and Technical
Reference Set (ER)
Jan 22
Measuring Real Power ( Lancaster)(HH)
Feb 77
Messaging System, Single Chip (Tenney)(C)
Mar 59
Metronome, 555-Based (Marston)
Nov 61
Micro- Avionics Newsletters ( Lancaster)(HH)
Jul 75
Dec 43
Bench (Wolfe)(C)
Jun 39,Ju141,Aug 60,Oct 47
PageAhead Software,
InloPublisher ( Holtzman)(CC)
Nov 88
Paper Software's SideBar ( Holtzman)(CC)
Jan 84
Paragon Engineering LA16PC
Logic Analyzer (ER)
Jul 21
Patents ( Lancaster)(HH)
Jul 75
Pen -Based Computing ( Holtzman)(CC)
Feb 91
Perpetual Motion ( Lancaster)(HH)
Feb 77
Personal Digital Assistant,
The ( Holtzman)(CC)
May 75
Phone -Une Monitor,
Apr 52,Mar 53
Intelligent (Black)(C)
PHOTOGRAPHY
Build This Super Strobe (Simonton and Simonton)(C)
Nov 31
Photo CD ( Holtzman)(CC)
Dec 97
Photolab Release 3.0,
Global Specialties (ER)
Apr 24
Photosensitive Devices (Marston)
Jul 63
Piano and Organ Resources (Lancaster)(HH)
Mar 73
Pick Up The Heartbeat (ARE)
Jul 10
Piezo Rate Gyros ( Lancaster)(HH)
Dec 77
16,(LET)Dec 14
Polapulse Recycler, Build The (Spiwak)(C)
Power
Monitor
Technology (Warner)
Dec 69
Tester (Price)(C)
Jan 47,(LET)Jun 14
More
From the AES Convention:
Let's Phase the Music (Klein)(AUD)
May 73
from the Mail Bag (Klein)(AUD)
Feb 85
on Automotive Voltage Regulators (Grossblatt)(DB) Jan
75
Motor Speed Controller (ARE)
Feb 12,(LET)May 16
Multidyne TS -8 -MTS TV Test -Signal Generator (ER) Jun
May 64
Nov 57
Oct 75
Jan 12
Oct 61
Nov 68
Q
Sep 12,Oct 12,Nov 12,Dec 12
Dec 12
Q &A (D)
16
MULTIMEDIA
CD-I ( Holtzman)(CC)
CD-ROM Science and Technical Reference
Set. McGraw -Hill (ER)
CDTV ( Holtzman)(CC)
Cheshire Cat, Multimedia,
and Vision (Holtzman)(CC)
Devices ( Holtzman)(CC)
Machines, Miniature ( Holtzman)(CC)
Mayhem ( Holtzman)(CC)
VIS ( Holtzman)(CC)
R
Dec 97
Jan 22
Dec 97
Sep 97
Dec 97
Oct 91
Jan 84
Dec 97
N
Navigation and Navicubes ( Lancaster)(HH)
Dec 77
Neo-Geo Interface Cables ( Lancaster)(HH)
Jul 75
Networking, From Not-Working
To (McClellan)
Aug 55,Sep 53,Oct 53
NEW LIT (D)
Jan 30,Feb 27,Mar 30,Apr 29
May 28,Jun 28,Jul 30,Aug 30
Sep 33,Oct 32, Nov 28,Dec 32
NEW PRODUCTS (D)
Jan 24,Feb 22,Mar 26,Apr 26
May 24,Jun 22,Jul 22,Aug 24
Sep 24,Oct 22,Nov 24,Dec 22
Now's the Time (Steckler)(ED)
Sep 4,Oct 4
o
OS/2 2.0
and Windows 3,1 ( Holtzman)(CC)
IBM ( Holtzman)(CC)
Ockham's Razor Revisited ( Lancaster)(HH)
One-Inch Recorder Heads (ARE)
Optocoupler Devices (Marston)
Jun 84
Apr 80
Jun 69
Aug 14
Aug 44
Optoelectronics
Working With LED
Display Drivers (Marston)
LED's (Marston)
Oscillator Circuits,
555 -based (Marston)
Mar 65,May 65
Jan 50,Feb 69
OSCILLOSCOPE
Back to Automotive Regulators
and Foward to our (Grossblatt)(DB)
CompuScope Lite PC,
Gage Applied Science (ER)
is Shaping Up Nicely, Our (Grossblatt)(DB)
Let's Add the Final Touches
to Our (Grossblatt)(DB)
Our Long -Lost Discussion
on Digital Scopes (Grossblatt)(DB)
Our Oscilloscope is Shaping Up
Nicely (Grossblatt)(DB)
Oct 69
May 82
Aug 22
Mar 82
Jul 88
Feb 88
Mar 82
P
PC Password Protection (Hatten)(C)
Jul
51
WARC 92 ( Leinwoll)
ROB Monitor Fundamentals
Lancaster)(HH)
Jul 38
Jul 75
RADIO
AM Tries for a Comeback (Feldman)
Feb 48
Scanner Converter (Sheets and G raf)(C) Feb 42,Mar 41
WARC 92: RF Spectrum Prepped For
Next Century (Leinwoll)
Jul 38
Reader Questions: Real and Imagined,
Serious and Silly (Klein)(AUD)
Jan 73
Reflex Timer, Build This (Kennedy)(C)
Oct 43
Relay, Solid -State (Kreuter)(C)
May 47
REMOTE CONTROL
for your Dog (Canino)(C)
Apr 47
Universal (Eady)(C)
Nov 47
Robot Bug, Build This (Sonntag and Chaney)(C) Jun 33
Russian Dolls and the Virtual PC ( Holtzman)(CC) Jul 90
S
SSAVI
Descrambler, Let's Get
Back to Our (Grossblatt)(DB)
Dec 88
Signal, Legs See What's Involved
in Descrambling (Grossblatt)(DB)
Oct 88
Santa Claus Machine BBS ( Lancaster)(HH)
Aug 72
Scanner Converter (Sheets and Graf)(C) Feb 42,Mar 41
Schmitt Trigger (Marston)
Nov 61
Scrambler, Telephone ( Rosenmayer)(C)
Aug 37
Semiconductor IC Houses ( Lancaster)(HH)
Oct 79
Shields and Shielding ( Lancaster)(HH)
Jan 67
SideBar, Paper Software's (Holtzman)(CC)
Jan 84
Simple Charger (ARE)
May 12
Single -Chip Messaging
System ( Tenney)(C)
Mar 59
Sloping Vee Antenna (Formato)(C)
Sep 71
Snooper Stopper,
Build The (Walf)(C)
Apr 37,(LET)Sep 16
SOFTWARE
Dallas Semiconductor Touch Memory
Starter Kit (ER)
Mar 24
Global Specialties Photolab
Release 3.0 (ER)
Apr 24
IBM OS2 ( Holtzman)(CC)
Aug 80
IBM OS'2 2.0 ( Holtzman)(CC)
Apr 80
Industry Evolution ( Holtzman)(CC)
Mar 90
McGraw -Hill CD -ROM Science and Technical
Reference Set (ER)
Jan 22
Multimedia Mayhem ( Holtzman)(CC)
Jan 84
Lantastic 4.0 ( Holtzman)(CC)
Mar 90
Sytron Corp. Sytos Plus ( Holtzman)(CC)
Sep 97
SOFTWARE (SEE COMPUTER)
Solid -State Relay (Kreuter)(C)
May 47,(LET)Sep 16
T
T1000 Universal Interface Card
PC -Based Test Bench (Wolfe)(C)
T1003 Interface
PC -Based Test Bench (Wolfe)(C)
T1004 Digital Logic IC Tester
PC -Based Test Bench (Wolfe)(C)
Jun 39
Aug 60
Oct 47
TELEPHONE
Intelligent Phone -Line
Monitor (Black)(C)
Mar 53,Apr 52
Hold Button (Green)(C)
Nov 45
Telephone Scrambler (Rosenmayer)(C)
Aug 37
Speaker Mate (Plant)(C)
Jan 43
TELEVISION
Cable TV's Infamous Bullet (Foley)
Jan 33
TV/FM Booster Circuits (Lancaster)(HH)
Nov 68
TV Test -Signal Generator,
Multidyne TS -8 -MTS (ER)
Jun 16
Temperature
Alarms, 555 -based (Marston)
Nov 61
Measurement, Electronic (Trietley)
Mar 46,Apr 40
Test Bench, PC -Based
(Wolfe)(C)
Jun 39,Jut 41,Aug 60,0c 47
TEST EQUIPMENT
Back to Automotive Regulators and Foward
to our Oscilloscope (Grossblatt)(DB)
May 82
Beckman Industrial
DM1OXL Digital Multimeter (ER)
Sep 22
HD160 Digital Multimeter (ER)
Dec 16
Buyer's Guide to DMM's (Prentiss)
May 31
Car Battery Tester (Fox)(C)
Jul 57
Checker Computer -Monitor Tester, The (ER)
Oct 16
Differential Probe (Dorfman)
Oct 61
Gage Applied Science CompuScope Lite
PC Oscilloscope (ER)
Aug 22
Kelvin 100K Digital Multimeter (ER)
Feb 16
Let's Add the Final Touches
to Our Oscilloscope (Grossblatt)(DB)
Jul 88
Let's Work on the Vertical Section
of our Scope (Grossblatt)(DB)
Apr 72
Monitor Tester (Price)(C)
Jan 47
Multidyne TS-8 -MTS TV Test-Signal
Generator (ER)
Jun 16
Our Long -Lost Discussion
on Digital Scopes (Grossblatt)(DB)
Feb 88
Our Oscilloscope is Shaping Up
Nicely (Grossblatt)(DB )
Mar 82
PC -Based Test Bench (Wolfe)(C) Jul 41,Aug 60,0c 47
Sweep/Function Generator (Lashansky)(C) Jan 35,Feb
53
Tester, Car Battery (Fox)(C)
Jul 57
Testing the Testers (Klein)(AUD)
Jun 76
Thermostat, Electronic (Kreuter)(C)
Jun 53
TIMER IC'S
555: A Versatile Timer (Marston)
Sep 58
Timer, Reflex (Kenned)(C)
Top-Octave Generators ( Lancaster)(HH)
Touch Memory Starter Kit
Oct 43
Mar 73
Mar 24
Apr 12,(LET)Sep
U
UFO Resources Listing ( Lancaster)(HH)
UHF and VHF Amplifiers ( Lancaster)(HH)
Nov 68
Nov 68
Nov 47
Aug80
Mar 73
V
VFX Digital Signal Processor (Borax and Beck)(C)
VGA Adapter for the Mac LC ( Lancaster)(HH)
VIS ( Holtzman)(CC)
Versatile 555, The (Marston)
VIDEO (SEE ALSO TV, VIDEO NEWS)
Sep 37
Jan 67
Dec 97
Dec 62
Sep 79
Aug 67
Jun 57
67
Jan 33
Cable TV's Infamous Bullet (Foley)
Lett See What's Involved in Descrambling
Oct 88
a SSAVI Signal (Grossblatt)(DB)
Mar 12
Fader (ARE)
Sep 12
IC's (OA)
Apr 63
Interface Module ( Lancaster)(HH)
Jul 10
Mixer (ARE)
Nov
Scrambler, Let's Build Our Own! (Grossblatt)(DB)
84
Jun 12
Scrambling (ARE)
Sep 95
Scrambling (Grossblatt)(DB)
Scrambling, Let's Explore
Aug 27
the Mysteries of (Grossblatt)(DB)
Jan 6,Feb 6,Mar 6.Apr 6
VIDEO NEWS (D)
May 6,Jun 6,Jul 8,Aug 12
continued_trom page 38
W
WARC 92' RF Spectrum Prepped
For Next Century ( Leinwoll)
Jul 38
Wavelet
Shareware ( Lancaster)(HH)
Feb 77
Update (Lancaster)(HH)
Mar 73
WHAT'S NEWS (D)
Jan 4,Feb 4,Mar 4,Apr 4
May 4,Jun 4,Jul 6,Aug 6
Filter construction
Build the four crystal -controlled oscillators that tune the
six bands of the receiver by referring to the schematics in Fig.
4. Note that 7 MHz -crystals are
used in both the band 1 and 2
oscillators (XTAL 7 and XTAL
8), but a 10 MHz crystal (XTAL9)
is used in the band 3 oscillator
(Fig. 4 -c). The oscillator in Fig.
4 -d is able to provide three dif-
resonant frequency.
For example, compressing a
coil whose turns are spread out
over 360 down to about an angle of coverage of about 120 degrees increases the inductance
75 %, shifting the frequency
32% lower. Follow the procedure
outlined for the first IF band pass filter, but use the frequencies listed in Table 2. Filter
components are mounted directly on the 6 x 3 1/4-inch circuit board 1. (See Figs. 1 and 2.)
Automatic gain control
Refer to Fig. 3 and build the
Apr 80
Jun 84
Mar 90
Working With
Mar 65, May
LED Display Drivers (Marston)
Jan 50,Feb
LED's (Marston)
Dec
555, The Versatile (Marston)
World Administrative Radio Conference
WARC 92: RE Spectrum Prepped
Jul
For Next Century (Leinwoll)
65
69
62
38
circuit.)
Mount tuning capacitor C49
on the bracket positioned about
11/4 inches behind the front panel as shown in Fig. 13. The tuning capacitor is rotated by an
assembly shown in Fig. 13 consisting of a 3 -inch diameter
pulley turned by a nylon cord
wound over the tuning knob
spindle and located in the vee
groove of the pulley.
The pulley can turned from
sheet plastic in a lathe or a suitable one might be obtained
from electronic salvage. Two
slots cut in the edge of the pulley
allow the cord ends to pass
through the wall of the veegroove for fastening. A small
continued on page 86
ARDWARE HACKER
High -side FET drivers, drawing semilog plots, resonance fundamentals,
laser- printing repair kits, and Asian electronic sources.
DON LANCASTER
shown.
Fundamentals of resonance
Resonance is certainly one of the
most interesting and important
electronic concepts. But there sure
seems to be lots of helpline confusion over what resonance can and
cannot do. Yes, you can produce
incredible energy buildups in certain
resonant circuits- destructive and
even lethal ones. Yes, you can extract this energy if you want. No,
none of the stored resonant energy
is "free." Just as in a piggy bank,
you cannot take more quarters out
than were put in. One hundred percent of all earlier attempts at "free"
resonant energy have failed miserably. Let's take a fresh look at resonance fundamentals...
Figure shows the simple series
combination of a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor. This is a series
resonant circuit. Assume for now
that the resistance is your load, the
inductor and capacitor are very high
quality, and the signal source is a
very low impedance.
At extremely low frequencies, the
inductor will look like a short circuit
and the capacitor will appear as a
very high capacitive reactance. Very
little signal will reach the load.
Similarly, at very high frequencies, the capacitor will look like a
short circuit, and the inductor will
appear as a rather high inductive
reactance. And once again, very little signal will reach the output load
resistor.
1
NEED HELP?
Phone or write your Hardware
Hacker questions directly to:
Don Lancaster
Synergetics
Box 809
Thatcher, AZ 85552
(602) 428 -4073
69
2nd
20
rf 2
Log10
Q=
2nfoL
fo
Q=
th
fl
Q=
24.50
18.50
12.50
18.50
24.50
24.50
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119.50
or C)
POSTSCRIPT STUFF
Ask The Guru Reprints I, II or III 24.50
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PostScript Beginner Stuff
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28.50
PostScript Ref. Manual II (Adobe)
PostScript Program Design (Adobe) 22.50
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19.50
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22.50
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PostScript Visual Approach (Smith) 22.50
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Thinking in PostScript (Reid)
29.50
Undst PS Pgrmmg (Holtzgang)
PostScript)
349.50
The Whole Works (all
DON LANCASTER
12
NEW FROM
CMOS Cookbook
TTL Cookbook
Q=
+ Q
Q2
Q=
FIG. 1 -AN RLC SERIES RESONANT CIRCUIT forms the basis for many electronic
tuning, filtering, voltage step up, and energy storage circuits. But there is no way I
know that it can produce "free" energy. Let me know if you find one.
39.50
39.50
VISA/MC
SYNERGETICS
Box 809 -RE
Thatcher, AZ 85552
(602) 428 -4073
70
FREQUENCY
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FIG.
EXTENDED RESONANCE RESPONSE CURVES for a series RLC circuit. Note
the "flattening out" for frequencies well away from resonance.
really has a load resistor, a source impedance resistor, and the resistive losses in the inductor. All of
these have to be accounted for in
the real world. Fora series resonant
circuit to operate, it must be driven
from a very low- impedance source.
You can also create the dual of
this RLC circuit by placing everything in parallel, creating a parallel
resonant circuit. Any parallel resonant circuit reaches a very high impedance at its resonance and
operates only when it is driven from
a
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Lambda
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(512) 289 -0403
Hewlett- Packard
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PO Box 10301
Palo Alto, CA 94303
(415) 857 -1501
Hitachi
Linear Technology
Mitel
Milpitas, CA 95035
(408) 432-1900
Hughes Aircraft
500 Superior Ave M/S B1250
Mitsubishi
LSI /CSI
1235 Walt Whitman Road
Melville, NY 11747
(516) 271 -0400
Motorola
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 730 -5900
1551
LSI Logic
McCarthy Blvd.
CA 95035
(408) 433 -8000
PO Box 1466
Austin, TX
(800) 521 -6274
Intech
67 Alexander Drive
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 737-7600
MX-Com
4800 Bethania Station Rd
Winston -Salem, NC 27105
(800) 638 -5577
Micrel Semiconductor
560 Oakmead Parkway
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 245-2500
Hyundai
166 Baypointe Parkway
National Semiconductor
47 Ellis Street
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(800) 632 -3531
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NEC Electronics
PO Box 7241
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(800) 632 -3531
72
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3718 North Rock Road
Wichita, KS 67226
(800) 325 -SCSI
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linel
Be an FCC
LICENSED
ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN!
,,.,.,.,.:..
10 (log 10 mul 0 moveto 0 28 rlineto stroke) for 10 10 100 (log 10 mul 0 moveto 0 28 rlineto
stroke) for 0 2 28 (0 exch moveto 20 0 rlineto stroke) for
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0 26.9 (0.Iki fl5o) cc 10 26.9 (115o) cc 20 26.9 (11k0 fl5o) cc 1 13.6 (0 = 5) b+ 1 11.2 (Q = 10)
b +18.8(Q =20)b+ 1913. 6( 14013f= 0.2)b- 1911.2(14013f= 0.1)b -19 8.8(140131 =0.05)b195.6(14013f= 0.02)b- 193 .2(14013f= 0.01)b- 190.8(14D13f= 0.005) b- 1 5.6 (0 = 50) b+ 1
3.2 (0
100) b+
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fonti -.8 25.7 (0) cr -.8 21.7 ( -10) cr -.8 17.7 ( -20) cr -.8 13.7 ( -30) cr -.8 9.7 ( -40) cr -.8 5.7
( -50)
FIG. 3-GURU GONZO POSTSCRIPT CODE used to create camera -ready semilog
artwork for Fig. 2. Only your favorite word processor is needed!
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drain
drain
substrate
gate
gate
41
substrate
source
FIG. 4 -THE N- CHANNEL POWER MOSFET is now the most popular and most economical power switch in use today. Increasing the gate voltage above its threshold
EG &G Reticon
345 Potrero Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 245 -2060
Maxim
Motorola
Asian Sources/Wordright
GEnie
Siliconix
Rockville, MD 20850
(800) 638 -9636
PO Box 54951
Santa Clara, CA 95056
(408) 988 -8000
Hewlett- Packard
Speleonics
PO Box 10301
Palo Alto, CA 94303
Box 5283
Bloomington, IN 47407
(812) 339 -7305
101
74
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
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Cherry Semiconductor
Texas Instruments
PO Box 809066
Dallas, TX 75380
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Dallas, TX 75244
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233 Kansas Street
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Dialog
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Milpitas, CA 95035
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PO Box 2868
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(206) 694 -1765
The "on"
channel MOSFET isn't really that
great. For instance, in the CMOS
4066 quad analog switch, the on
resistance is a high 16 ohms or so.
To beat that, power MOSFETS are
resistance of a single N-
Cable TV
Article Parts
We stock the exact Parts & PC
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building
Snooper Stopper.
Here is how either half of this circuit works: A built -in charge pump
continued on page 81
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79
AUDIO UPDATE
Two recommendations: A poor man's indoor rotary FM
antenna and a rational audiophile publication
LARRY KLEIN
carefully repositioned your 300 ohm folded dipole flat -line antenna
for each station, good -to- adequate
reception could be achieved for
most stations.
Long before the idea was generally accepted, thought of using a
TV rabbit -ear antenna for FM. In
fact, commissioned the late Herb
Friedman to test a dozen or so rabbit ears for FM use and write up the
results. As remember the article,
Herb's conclusion was that the
more complicated antennas worked
no better than the simpler ones.
And so it went for several years
until installed the PMIRA, a poor
man's indoor rotary FM antenna in
my system. It consists of a two I
80
A thinking audiophile's
magazine
Regular readers of this column
-is
prose style
illustrated neatly in a
recent piece by its editor, Peter
Aczel. He feels that accountability is
a major problem among the esoteric
audio journals. Subjective reviewers
regularly assert that they hear (in a
given piece of preferred equipment)
improved sound staging, front -toback depth, width, greater transient
definition, and sometimes even improved rhythm and pace. (As to the
latter, we know that tape recorders
and record players are sometimes
off-speed -but amplifiers ?) Such
judgments are seldom if ever
backed up by any rigorous test procedures. Mind you, the supporting
tests we rationalists call for are not
of the equipment's electrical performance, but rather of the reviewer's
ability to demonstrate objectively,
-if
HARDWARE HACKER
continued from page 75
Al
ELEC'rRONIC
Leaving IN1 low leaves the load unpowered. Raising IN1 to a TTL logic
one ( + 2 volts or higher) supplies
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to the current sensing to allow inrush currents but still react to overloads. This simulates the operation
of
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City
Zip
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becoming certified.
81
+vcc
0.020 n
for 5 Amp
trip limit
0.1 F
N- channel
100K
+vcc
OS2
G2
VS
1N2
LEFT
POWER
LOAD
100K
N- channel
power FET
power FET
+vcc
RIGHT
POWER
LOAD
L
left
right
control
control
FIG. 5-A DUAL HIGH -SIDE DRIVER. The left side is shown as a simple power relay,
while the right side includes "slow blow" current sensing and an automatic circuit
breaker reset. Boosted gate voltages are internally generated.
cumulation.
Don
Thompson
of
Asian sources
continually get helpline calls for
hardware hackers who seek Asian
contacts for computers and electronic assemblies and custom work.
We have already seen that Trade
Winners is one possible resource.
This is sort of a Hong Kong
I
TENT. PS.
DRAWING BOARD
Our descrambler
years.
The final thing we talked about
last month was a reset pulse that's
needed to initialize the various line
counters that will be part of the
FIG. 2 -THIS CIRCUIT WILL TAKE VIDEO in at one end and give you positive- and
negative -going composite sync signals at the other end.
scrambled signal, you'll note that although the picture is messed up,
full
83
PR E1'/ 5.ziN
1r
LS
PUES
3.L /,VES
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FIG.
.S
`f
PlJLSE s
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P4sT-.E"
PvL_sE5
3.L/NS
composite sync.
FIG.
ISOLATE VERTICAL SYNC, we need a simple low -pass filter like this.
4-TO
4.5vv
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things around. Once you understand the circuit in its entirety, you
can start modifying it to your heart's
content.
Even though we haven't com-
I.
continuedfrom page 59
$85 HR!
Camcorder
malfunctions
are due to a simple
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mechanical
Zee
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Nomee 'OMB)/
failure, you need not spend
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J
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--
I). pi.
-RI.
Figure 5 -b shows the tone generator circuit, which is driven by PAS of the microcontroller.
The tone generator is a simple
monostable multivibrator; R21
and C14 form an RC time constant circuit that causes IC7 to
oscillate at about 1 kHz. Op-amp
IC2 -b then drives the speaker.
The microcontroller can create
different sounds by modulating
the beep frequency. During normal operation, you will hear the
sounds listed in Table 3.
Figure 5 -c shows the relay driver circuit. Transistor Q1
turns on whenever PA4 goes
high; diode D12 protects transistor Q1 from voltage spikes
that could occur when the coil is
de- energized.
Next time
We're out of space in this article. Next time we'll complete the
circuit description and go on to
build a Ring- Thing. Meanwhile,
you might want to order parts
and software. See you then! R -E
000
00
85
NOW!
continuedfrom page 68
4110
toTh,'st
eft The
National
Arbor Day Foundation
86
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Enclosure finishing
Assemble the three principal
circuit boards to the base plate
of the enclosure with No.4 -40
machine screws and two No.
4 -40 nuts used as spacers in the
positions shown in the photograph Fig.5.
Complete all wiring. Make the
connection from the antenna
jack J1 to the wiper of switch
S1 -a with RG -174/U coaxial cable, and make all connections
from the six terminals of switch
Sl -a to the six filters (detailed in
Table 2) with enamel- coated
magnet wire. Then make all
connections from the output
side of the filters to the contacts
of Sl -b with RG -174/U coaxial
cable. Also, connect the S1 -b
wiper contacts to capacitor C15
with RG -174/U coaxial cable.
Make the following connections with insulated wire:
Five volts to the wiper of S1 -c
Six terminals of S1 -c to each
of the oscillators shown in Fig. 4
The six output connections
from the oscillators S1 -d
Make the following connections
with RG -174/U coaxial cable:
Wiper of switch S1 -d to C14
Electrolytic capacitor C41 to
speaker/headphone jack J2
Enclosure assembly
Mount the front and back
panels on the base panel with
angles, nuts and bolts. The side
panels should be assembled
with angles set so they are concealed behind the left and right
edges of the front and back panels, under the left and right
edges of the top panel, and over
the side edges of the baseplate.
In the prototype, dry- transfer
labels were applied to identify
the manual controls. A separate
circular plastic band switch
plate was used to identify the
band positions on the multi deck switch. (This plate can be
easily changed if you want to
change the band positions or
frequencies.) Clear lacquer was
applied over the dry labels to
protect them. Install four rubber feet on the bottom of the
base plate with sheet metal
screws to prevent the exposed
screw heads from scratching
the table on which the receiver
is located.
R -E
COMPUTER CONNECTIONS
Desktop Video
JEFF HOLTZMAN
is
87
-or
88
Resources
Palmtop PC ($595), Zeos International, Ltd., (800) 423 -5891.
CIRCLE
41
erboard (or even on the same substrate as a CPU) and provide massmarket DVI decompression. With a
chip of that nature as part of the
architecture of every PC (either
built -in or as part of a low-cost add on), DVI would command the video
decompression market. DVI is not
the ultimate solution -frame resolution is limited, and compression
costs are much too high and inconvenient -but for now, it's the best
we've got.
One other DVI characteristic
worth mentioning: the main com-
toshes).
Next time we'll discuss compression algorithms and software-only
Product watch
When it comes to portable com-
Interserve is intended to be a
LapLink work -alike, but it lacks.
(LapLink provides a fast, easy way
of transferring files over serial or
parallel links. One of its nicest features is the ability to clone itself
across the wire, so you only need a
copy on one machine to get started.) Interserve provides a similar capability, but it doesn't work very
well. couldn't get Interserve to
clone itself without rebooting my
desktop machine with no CON FIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT. Several very uninformative error mesI
News Bits
Starlight Networks has introduced
Try the
bulletin board
system
(RE -BBS)
516 -293 -2283
The more you use it the more
useful it becomes.
We support 1200 and 2400 baud
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Parameters: 8N1 (8 data bits, no
parity, 1 stop bit) or 7E1 (7 data
bits, even parity, 1 stop bit).
Add yourself to our user files to
R -E
RE-BBS
516-293-2283
89
POWER SWITCH
continuedfrom page 44
patterns for both. Figure 2
shows the parts -placement diagram for the board that contains ICI, and Fig. 3 shows the
one containing MODI. The
Parts List contains a listing of
foil
all parts for both boards-simply use only the parts shown on
each board. Note that the PC
board shown in Fig. 2 requires
that a trace be cut and that two
parts (C8 and R9) be tack-sol-
FIG.
PARTS LIST
5%,
un-
R5 -680 ohms
R6 -150 ohms
R7 -2000 ohms. 'i.2-watt
R8-4700 ohms, 2 watts
megohm
R9
-1
R10-3 megohms
Capacitors
Cl, C9 -0.001 F. ceramic
C2. C4.
05-1
F.
tantalum
electrolytic
C3 -0.1 F, ceramic
C6-47 F, tantalum electrolytic
07 -10 F, 50 volts, electrolytic
C8 -0.01 F, ceramic
Semiconductors
IC1- MC3373 infrared amplifier
detector (Motorola)
IC2- MC74HC74 D -type flip -flop
D1- MRD821
D1:
5.
FIG. 5 -THIS IR SWITCH uses an IR module instead of IC1 and Dl. It's shown here
Last word
To use the unit, point a TV or
VCR remote control at the IR detector and push any button on
the remote. Be sure to release
the button immediately, otherwise you will turn off the appliance if you exceed the built -in
delay of the receiver. You can use
the "0" key by itself to avoid having your TV or VCR respond to
the signal-or any other key if
the "0" button has some specific
function assigned to it.
A word of caution: If you ever
have to service the appliance
that's plugged into this device,
be sure to unplug or disconnect
the appliance from this device
rather than just turning it off
with the remote. The reason is
plugged-in appliance.
'l'he number of applications
for this circuit is virtually infinite. Aside from turning lights
on and off, it can also turn older
TV sets on and off. By connecting a relay to the output you
can control just about anyR -E
thing.
BUYER'S MART
CABLE TV converters /descramblers! Zenith,
Tocom, Jerrold, Scientific Atlanta, etc. At hand
is quality, warranty, and free catalog.
DAZYTRONICS, PO Box 408, Pikeville, TN
37367. Call now! 1 (800) 841 -0278.
FOR SALE
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SASE for lists. STEINMETZ, 7519 Maplewood
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Tesla! Kits /assembled! Catalog $4.00 (refundable). QUANTUM RESEARCH, 17919 -77 Ave.,
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BUGGED? Phonetapped? Free catalog counter-surveillance equipment tells you fast! 1 (800)
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SURVEILLANCE transmitter kits tune from 65
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MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
TELL EVERY MUSICIAN You Know We're Looking Fo
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SATELLITE TV
REMOVE
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ALL NEW
1992 EDITION
ALL NEW
992 Edition updates latest Circuits, Turn -ons, Bypasses, Bullets, Bags, Black ciphers, VCII Plus and B -Mac Fixes. Only $15.95. VCII Wizzard Hacker's 551e
Includes Plus. Tells All $15 95 Pay TV and Satellite Descrambling Vol. 1 (Basics), 1989, 1991 Edions are all different. $14.95 each. MDS Handbook $9.95.
Satellite Systems under $600. $12.95 (52). Any 3429.95 or 5/$49.95. Scrambling News Monthly will keep you up to date on Plus breaks. $24.95/yr. special.
Everything we have including video.$109.95 New Catalog $1.
S6
Complete in 6
practical books using diodes, relays, FET's,
LED's, IC 555's, and IC CA3130's for building
blocks. Only $33.00 plus $5.50 for shipping. USA
and Canada only. US funds. ETT, INC., PO Box
240, Massapequa Park, NY 11762 -0240.
92
944 -7244.
major brands
Do it yourself
SATELLITE TV
discounted, we'll beat everyone's price. DISCOUNT LARRY (609) 596 -0656.
VIDEOCIPHER II descrambling manual. Schematics, video, and audio. Explains DES, Eprom,
CloneMaster, 3Musketeer, Pay-per-view (HBO,
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postage. Schematics for Videocypher Plus,
$20.00. Schematics for Videocypher 032, $15.00.
Collection of software to copy and alter Eprom
codes, $25.00. CABLETRONICS, Box 30502R,
Bethesda, MD 20824.
SUPER low satellite prices. Free U.S. and International catalog. SATMAN, (309) 692 -4140 (Intl),
1 (800) 472 -8626 in U.S.
reminds you when you forget. SSTSR (Turn Signal Reminder) beeps 3 seconds
after 15 seconds. Cycle repeats until cancelled. Unobtrusive, recycles when braking.
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kit
mounts
atop
Compact
matic, instructions $15 PPD; 2/525; 3/530. Visa/MC. Free
brochure 1-800-398-5605. Prewired $20 PPD; 2/$35; 3/545
Silent Sam, 1627 Basil Or., Columbus, OH 43227.
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Volunteer.
Plug a
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NOW
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222 Popular Electronics (1992 back issues) $5.00
Write in issues desired
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Catalog
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LEARN COMPUTERS
CABLE TV
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Address
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-
State
'
bp_
r.
DESCRAMBLERS
"
READY-TO -SHIP!
WI
447.3053. (6KS1)
CABLE
BOX
WHOLESALERS, INC.
RECHARGEABLE
Gell Cell Batteries
JP
EDEO
PLAINVIEW, NY 11803
NO NY SALES
6 VOLTS
Size: 3.81' X
high.
CATa
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10
20
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225
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out what we can do for you. 1 (800) 288 -IDEA.
INVENTORS
INVENTORS! Can you patent and profit from your
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(800) 338 -5656.
CABLE TV DESCRAMBLERS
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TECH LINE (402)331.3228
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INFORMATION TRANSMITTER
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p.Package
--
0 10 AMP/HOURS
Also hard -to -find transformers, capacitors and parts for tube equipment.
A'radiosord
high
9,P
is a weather inat
designed to winds
temperature, humidity, winds and
pressure at various heights unose
the ground. These are new units,
discontinued from NOAA national
weather service. Contains lots of
interesting parts: a solid state trans critter, barometric pressure sensor,
humidity sensor and a 24 volt battery
which is activated when submersed
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demonstrations or as a source for parts.
CAT* WIT -1 $4.75 each
Case of 16 for $64.00
4 AAA RECHARGEABLE
1-8OO8265432
D
a * w Vt.& Mass amr or,nce vsr
CHARY
Van Nuys, CA
91408
95
VCR
Cross Reference
NOW Find the right Part
for your VCR
Vat
NO -CODE
HAMARE
It
LICENSES
HERE!
All About Ham Radio by Harry Helms,
AA6FW, tells how to get your codefree
ham license and talk to the world.
In over 300 pages, you'll learn about:
$econd
F,ditlpn
with the
ISLET VCR
This 272 -page reference contains
both model and part- number cross references and now includes the
FREE 56 -page 1991 updates.
MIN
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CROSS REFERENCE
State
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YOU AND
YOUR PEACE
OF
MIND.
Fri
ep
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ra
TAXING.
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AND WIN!
8008314242
Input
Output
Voltage
Voltage
Current
(VDC)
(mA)
lo.
Product No.
(VAC)
1360
JE200
120
1626
3E215
120
t5
+5to+15
-5 to -15
1613
JE225
120
Product No.
+5 fixed
1000
100
100
to -12
611
909
002
125
230
TMS2716
2708
2716
2732A-25
1829
853
933
968
984
677
037
061
714
722
2764A -20
27C64-15
27C64-45
27128 -25
27128A -20
27128A -25
27C128-15
27256-15
27256-25
27C256 -15
27C256 -20
27512 -20
27C512 -15
270020 -15
68766 -35
1150
781
699
492
Price
$5.95
4.95
3.95
3.49
3.75
3.95
2.95
7.75
4.75
3.75
5.75
5.49
4.89
5.95
5.49
6.75
6.95
17.95
4.95
Linear ICs*
No.
Product No.
TL082CP
LM317T
LM324N
LM336Z
LM339N
NE555V
LM556N
LM723CN
LM741CN
LM1458N
LM1488N
LM1489N
ULN2003A
1241
1579
1683
1771
3851
7422
328
467
4539
3131
3157
3181
4278
4230
7385
1262
1334
LM39I4N
NE5532
7805T
7812T
*
1-9
$.59
59
35
1.09
45
29
49
49
29
39
45
45
69
2.49
1.19
45
45
3.5 x 5.0
750 to 175
750 to 175
EPROMS
Qo.
(L a W a H inches)
1000
+3 to +12
-3
Dimensions
No.
1R51570
1R37161
1R37372
1R39335
11140301
1R41110
2.0 14.95
5.12x5.12x2.2529.95
IC
Part
MCC
Sockets
No.
No.
Description
1R15114 DB25P
1R15157 DB25S
1815085 DB25H
1R15106 DB25MH
Price
Male, 25 -pin
$.65
Female, 25- pin.....75
Hood
Metal Hood
TWO -DIGIT
VOLTMETER KIT
Memory
Part No.
Price
1R41398
1842251
1R41523
1R41718
1R41769
41256 -120
256K DIP
I2Ons...$1.69
511000P -80
1MB DIP
8Ons
41256A9B -80
256K SIMM
8Ons
39
1.35
421000A9A -80
MB SIPP
8Ons
421000A9B -80
MB SIMM
8Ons
5.99
....16.95
....54.95
....54.95
11134796
11134825
Product No.
XC556G
XC556R
XC556Y
Description
Price
Tl 3/4, (green) $.16
TI 3/4, (red)
.12
T1 3/4, (yellow) .16
Other Jameco
Resources
Test/Measurement
and Prototyping
Equipment
LEDs
Part No.
1834761
Connectors
Product
Product
Description
No.
Price
8LP
8 -pin low profile ....$.10
14LP
14 -pin low profile ....11
I6LP 16 -pin low profile ....12
24LP 24 -pin low profile ....19
28LP 28 -pin low profile ....22
40LP 40 -pin low profile ....28
Part
Computer Upgrade
and Accessory
Products
Full line of Integrated
Circuits and Electronic
Components
Exciting Project Kits
for Hobbyists
1R38359
111.36290
11138421
1836038
1R38308
Product
No.
Description
PN2222
PN2907
1N4004
2N2222A
1N4735
2N3904
1N751
2N4401
1N4148
2N3055
TO -92
TO -92
case
case
DO -41 case
TO -18 case
DO-41 case
TO -92 case
DO -35 case
TO-92 case
DO-35 case
TO-3 case
Price
$.12
Product
No.
1821936
No.
Description
JMT123 SPDT,
11138842
206-8
11126622
MS102
1.800.637.8471
12
15
15
JAMECO"
07
69
Price
*Additional componentsavailable
25
25
Switches
Part
12
10
ELECTRONIC COMPOIEENIS
COMPUTER PRODUCTS
Mention
V.I.P.*
IRS
Cable TV
Descrambler Kits
ADVERTISING INDEX
$59.95
Universal Kit
$39.00
SB -3 Kit
$29.00
Page
Universal Tutorial
$9.95
108
AMC Sales
73
107
All Electronics
95
$9.95
Snooper Stopper
$39.00
CIE
54
Chemtronics
178
Chenesko Products
Electronics, Inc.
301 Westminister Street
Providence, RI. 02903
advertising assistant
Cook's Institute
75
127
Deco Industries
27
ETT/ISCET
96
Electronic Goldmine
98
17
76
121
54
HAMEG Instruments
21
96
ISCET
81
114
Jameco
97
186
M &G Electronics
98
89
MAT Electronics
28
183
Mini Circuits
CV4
22
182
Northeast Electronics
75
179
People's College
19
78
Radio Shack
30
Star Circuits
27
92
Tektronix
10
As Seen In
Radio Electronics
123
Test Probes
27
June 1992
177
Reg. $39_95
Sale Priced
$34 -95
98
CV2
Grantham College
117
3 IC
06466
Fluke Manufacturing
81
ROAMR Robot
credit manager
176
NRI Schools
Kelly McQuade
58
Mouser
electronic
brain circuit
controlled
by 2 feeler
antennas.
Denise Mullen
CV3
73
Arline Fishman
27
publisher
Christina Estrada
Command Productions
M & G
Larry Steckler
15
advertising director
181
U.S. Cable
71
184
Viejo Publications
85
180
Zentek Corp.
71
7:00 AM
6:00 PM M -F MST
Overlook Ave.
Pattis/3M
1800 North Highland Avenue
Suite 717
Hollywood, CA 90028
1- 213-462 -2700
FAX 1- 213 -463 -0544
Shopper
Joe Shere, National Representative
EN
Idyllwild, CA 92549
1- 714
-659 -9743
Countersurveiflance
Vever before has so much
CALL
NOW!
HAVE YOUR
VISA or MC CARD
AVAILABLE
manufacturing techniques, even advertising plans. Information thieves eavesdrop on court decisions, bidding
information, financial data. The list is
unlimited in the mind of man-es pecially if he is a thief!
You know that the Russians secretly
installed countless microphones in the
concrete work of the American Embassy
building in Moscow. They converted
Stolen Information
The open taps from where the information pours out may be from FAX''s, cornpurer communications, telephone calls,
and everyday business meetings and
lunchtime encounters. Businessmen need
counselling on how to eliminate this information drain. Basic telephone use coupled with the user's understanding that
someone may be listening or recording
vital data and information greatly reduces
the opportunity for others to purloin
information.
r,
EN
CLAGGK INC.
P.O. Box 4099
Please rush my
Farmingdale, NY 11735
ally of the
Countenunecill:tnce Technique,
total cost of 553.95 each (which
includes S -u.till postage and handling).
\ldeu
VHS Casseur
l,,r
,d<:nscnesordered
To obtain
\nnuniofp:i,inetti 5
l%
\ V.S. r
hed
11111
nn
.ird
I
\ls:
Master ird
\o
slwc unte
signature
Name
Wdress
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State
\II pncntcols in I
A. 1110,1.. Canadi ans add
tic. Au foreign orders
ZIP
S
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P.O.Box 350166. Brooklyn, New York 11235 -0003 (718) 934 -4500 Fax (718) 332 -4661
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