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    Katherine Kolcaba Comfort Theory Presentation

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    Eko Mulyadi
    Kolcaba's Comfort Theory states that patient comfort exists in three forms - relief, ease, and transcendence. The theory addresses comfort in four contexts: physical, psychospiritual, environmental, and sociocultural. The theory was developed by Katharine Kolcaba in the 1990s based on earlier nursing theorists and a concept analysis of comfort. Kolcaba defined comfort as "the immediate state of being strengthened through having the human needs for relief, ease and transcendence addressed." The theory focuses on optimizing patient functioning and outcomes through assessing and meeting individual comfort needs.

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    Katherine Kolcaba Comfort Theory Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Eko Mulyadi
    1K views23 pages
    Kolcaba's Comfort Theory states that patient comfort exists in three forms - relief, ease, and transcendence. The theory addresses comfort in four contexts: physical, psychospiritual, environmental, and sociocultural. The theory was developed by Katharine Kolcaba in the 1990s based on earlier nursing theorists and a concept analysis of comfort. Kolcaba defined comfort as "the immediate state of being strengthened through having the human needs for relief, ease and transcendence addressed." The theory focuses on optimizing patient functioning and outcomes through assessing and meeting individual comfort needs.

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    Kolcaba's Comfort Theory states that patient comfort exists in three forms - relief, ease, and transcendence. The theory addresses comfort in four contexts: physical, psychospiritual, environmental, and sociocultural. The theory was developed by Katharine Kolcaba in the 1990s based on earlier nursing theorists and a concept analysis of comfort. Kolcaba defined comfort as "the immediate state of being strengthened through having the human needs for relief, ease and transcendence addressed." The theory focuses on optimizing patient functioning and outcomes through assessing and meeting individual comfort needs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views23 pages

    Katherine Kolcaba Comfort Theory Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Eko Mulyadi
    Kolcaba's Comfort Theory states that patient comfort exists in three forms - relief, ease, and transcendence. The theory addresses comfort in four contexts: physical, psychospiritual, environmental, and sociocultural. The theory was developed by Katharine Kolcaba in the 1990s based on earlier nursing theorists and a concept analysis of comfort. Kolcaba defined comfort as "the immediate state of being strengthened through having the human needs for relief, ease and transcendence addressed." The theory focuses on optimizing patient functioning and outcomes through assessing and meeting individual comfort needs.

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    Dr.

    Katharine Kolcaba, RN

    By: Sara Ido, Robyn Veitch, Angela Dushane, and Sara Williams

    Nursing model is the focus of the whole persons


    lifestyle, emotions, culture, believes, behavior, and not
    only treating the persons illnesses.

    http://qsen-evidencebasedpractice.wikispaces.com/1+-+Home

    Modeling is a process that helps the nurse to understand


    the patients personal model, to recognize that each patient
    has unique perspective. From the patients perspective, the
    nurse develops an image of the patients world. (Erickson,
    2012)

    There have been many models of nursing for about 150 years, when Nightingales
    beliefs about nursing influenced the shape of profession. (Elliott, 2008)
    In the 1980's,comfort activities were observed. Meanings of comfort began to be
    explored. This is when Kolcaba began to develop a theory of comfort when she
    was a graduate student at Case Western Reserve in Cleveland, Ohio. Kolcaba's
    (1992) theory was based on the work of earlier nurse theorists. Kolcaba developed
    her nursing theory in the 1990s.
    NIGHTINGALE

    KOLCABA

    Kolcaba describes comfort as a relief, ease and transcendence and comfort


    can occur in the following contexts: Physical, psychospiritual, environment,
    and sociocultural. ("Current nursing," 2011)

    http://www.thecomfortline.com/resources/cq.html

    Robyn Veitch

    Information and Concepts:


    Kolcabas Comfort Theory states that patient comfort exists
    in three forms relief, ease, and transcendence (Kolcaba,
    2011). Kolcaba related her theory to the four global concepts
    of human beings, environment, health, and nursing.

    Robyn Veitch

    Comfort is achieved when the patients pain needs are met. For
    example, in regard to pain medication administration, when the
    patient receives pain medication, they feel a relief from the
    medications effect on their pain. Relief is achieved. Ease
    comfort is focused on the psychological state of the patient
    (Kolcaba, 2007). They become at ease because their pain is
    subsiding. Transcendence happens when the patient is able to
    rise above their challenge of health problems and pain
    (Kolcaba, 2007).

    Robyn Veitch

    A calm and comforting environment will allow the patients


    anxiety level to decrease. The patients anxiety level will be
    reduced and thus resulting in the patient becoming relaxed and
    comfortable. A quiet and relaxed surrounding can be enhanced by
    the caring nurse and the patients loved ones being near.

    Robyn Veitch

    After anxiety and pain are addressed, the patient is able to deal
    with the care they need and the recovery process. According to
    Kolcaba, health is considered to be optimal functioning, as defined
    by the patient, group, family, or community (Kolcaba, 2011).

    Robyn Veitch

    The nurse addresses the patients comfort needs and creates a care
    plan. As the patients comfort needs change, the nurse
    interventions are updated. If the patient feels that they are being
    cared for properly, they will be emotionally and mentally better,
    which will aid in their recovery (Kolcaba, 2011).

    Robyn Veitch

    Comfort Theory and Practice Holistic Approach

    All Patients
    Distress: 4 contexts

    Comfort Interventions
    Patient Outcomes
    Optimal Function
    Web link
    www.aspmn.org/conference/documents/SandraMerkelFull.pdf

    Peaceful Death

    (Merkel, 2007)

    Angela DuShane

    Between 1900 and 1929, comfort was a goal for both medicine and
    nursing because it was thought that a patients comfort led to their
    recovery (March & McCormack, 2009).
    From 1929 through the 1990s, the focus on comfort seemed to decrease
    and was only reserved for patients at the end of life, with no other
    treatment options available (March & McCormack, 2009).
    Kolcaba developed her comfort theory after conducting a concept
    analysis of comfort that examined literature from medicine, psychology,
    nursing, psychiatry, English and ergonomics.
    This analysis confirmed that comfort is a positive concept and is
    associated with activities that nurture and strengthen patients (March &
    McCormack, 2009, p. 76).
    Kolcabas theory is unique to nursing but has the potential to place
    comfort in the forefront of healthcare once again.

    Angela DuShane

    Kolcabas comfort theory addresses all four of the global concepts


    of nursing.
    Nursing includes the use of assessment, interventions and
    evaluation to address the comfort needs of the patient.
    Person is the recipient of nursing care; this can be the patient,
    family, community or institution.

    Angela DuShane

    Environment is defined as the external surroundings of the patient, which can


    be changed to increase a patients comfort level.

    Health is the optimal level of functioning of the patient.

    Kolcabas theory is consistent with the values of the nursing profession such
    as care, holism, homeostasis, symptom management, interactions, healing
    environment, and identification of needs (Kolcaba, Tilton, & Drouin, 2006).

    Angela DuShane

    The concepts included in the comfort theory are specific and are targeted
    to address the comfort level of the patient. If a patient is comfortable,
    they will feel better both emotionally and physically, which will help
    them to recover quicker.
    Kolcabas comfort theory can be used in a wide variety of nursing
    settings.
    The comfort theory could potentially be used by the entire healthcare
    team, not just the nursing profession.
    This theory can be applied to nursing practice,
    nursing education, and nursing research.

    Angela DuShane

    Giving a patient a warm blanket to help them increase their body


    temperature after surgery is an example of helping the patient to achieve
    comfort in the relief sense.
    Addressing a patients anxiety by taking time to explain their plan of care
    is an example of helping the patient to achieve comfort in the ease sense.
    Coaching a patient throughout their labor and delivery in the OB setting
    is an example of helping the patient to achieve comfort in the
    transcendence sense, which enables the patient to rise above their
    challenges.
    Providing a private, quiet room for a dying patient is an example of
    addressing the comfort needs of a patient in the environmental context.
    Following a patients religious rituals and consulting a chaplain is an
    example of addressing the comfort needs of a patient in both the
    sociocultural and psychospiritual context.

    Sara M. Williams

    Katherine Kolcabas Comfort Theory

    Case Study:
    Michael, a 60-year old male with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), is
    admitted to a semi-private room following a partial colectomy and
    take-down ileostomy. He has had multiple flare-ups over the last 6
    months, forcing him into early retirement. He now lives on a limited
    income and has gained 20 pounds since being prescribed prednisone.
    He is divorced with adult children and many good friends.

    17

    Sara M. Williams

    Kolcaba defines comfort as the immediate state of being


    strengthened through having the human needs for relief,
    ease and transcendence addressed in 4 contexts of
    experience (Kolcaba, 2003).
    Comfort Theorys 4 contexts of experience:
    (1) physical
    (2) psychospiritual
    (3) environmental
    (4) sociocultural

    18

    Sara M. Williams

    How would Kolcabas Comfort Theory address the case study?


    3 Human Needs:
    Relief occurs when specific comfort needs are met, i.e., the relief of postoperative pain by
    administering prescribed analgesia.
    Ease occurs when the patient reaches a comfortable state of contentment, i.e., the feeling
    experienced after addressing issues that cause anxiety.
    Transcendence occurs when the patient is able to rise above challenges or pain, i.e., the act of
    listening to his favorite music when nausea persists despite treatment with antiemetics
    (Comfort Theory, 2011).

    19

    Sara M. Williams

    How would Kolcabas Comfort Theory address this scenario?

    20

    Sara M. Williams

    Comfort Theory
    Case Study Key

    Abdominal
    Text pain, diarrhea,
    N/V, lack of mobility

    Comfortable resting
    Text (sleep and
    position
    relaxation), PCA

    Pt resumes his ADLS with


    side effects controlled

    Anxiety, depression,
    social stigma

    Deep breathing,
    coaching/role models,
    reassurance

    Pt feels spiritually and


    emotionally at ease

    Double-patient rooms,
    female nurses,
    temperature, bright lights

    Male nurses, single


    room, low lighting,
    quiet, privacy provided

    Pt feels comfortable
    changing colostomy bag

    Family not present,


    financial concerns

    21

    Visitors, phone calls,


    learns more about financial
    implications

    Pt has a supportive network


    in place, financial issues have
    been addressed

    Comfort Theory (2011). Nursing theories: A companion to nursing theories and models.
    Retrieved from
    http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/comfort/theory_Kathy_Kolcaba.html
    Elliot, Craig (2008). Introduction to nursing theory. Retrieved from
    http://www.articlesbase.com/on line-education-articles/introduction-to-nursing-theory360867.html
    Erickson (Jan., 2012). Nursing theories. Retrieved from
    http://nursingplanet.com/theory/modeling_and_olemodeling_theory.html
    Kolcaba, K. (2003). Comfort theory and practice: A vision for holistic health care and
    research. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
    Kolcaba, K. (2011) Nursing theory. Retrieved from nursing-theory.org/nursingtheorists/Katherine-Kolcaba.php
    Kolcaba, K. (2007). An introduction to comfort theory. Retrieved from
    http://www.thecomfortline.com/

    Kolcaba, K. (2005). Comfort theory and its applications to pediatric nursing. Pediatric Nursing,
    3, 187-194.
    Kolcaba, K., Tilton, C., & Drouin, C. (2006). Comfort theory: A unifying framework to enhance
    the practice environment. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 36 (11), 538-544.
    Kolcabas Theory of Comfort (2011). Nursing theory. Retrieved from http://nursingtheory.org/theories-and-models/Kolcaba-theory-of-comfort.php
    March, A., & McCormack, D. (March/April, 2009). Nursing theory directed healthcare:
    Modifying Kolcabas comfort theory as an institution-wide approach. Holistic Nursing
    Practice, 75-80.
    Merkel, S. (2007). Comfort theory: A framework for pain management nursing practice.
    Retrieved from www.aspmn.org/conference/documents/SandraMerkelFull.pdf

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