POSTGRADUATE DEPARTMENT OF ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY, CULTURE

AND ARCHAEOLOGY
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University
Mahatma Jyotiba Fuley Academic Campus, Amravati Road, Nagpur- 440 033.

M.A I, II, III, and IV Semesters

Detailed Syllabus, Scheme of Instructions/ Examination
(Choice Based Credit System) (CBCS)
(To be effective from the Academic year 2016-17)
M. A. (SEMESTER- I)
Group- A (Archaeology)

Paper: - 101 - Outline of Indian History Up to 13th Century AD

1. Unit 1. Introduction - Geographical Factors in Indian History Sources
Periodization of Indian History.
2. Unit 2. Early historical period -16 Mahajanapadas, Rise of Magadha, Foreign
Invasions, Mauryan dynasty, Sungas, Satavahanas, Sakas, Kushanas, Gupta-Vakataka
age, Pushyabhutis.
3. Unit 3. Period between 7th to 10th Century ADa) Rajput Kingdoms - Pratiharas, Palas, Kalachuris, Chandellas, Paramaras, Chauhanas.
b) Kingdoms of the South- Dynasties of South India- Pallavas & Chalukyas. Dynasties
of the Deccan- Rashtrakutas, Cholas, Yadavas.
4. Unit 4. Period between 10th to 13th Century ADInvasions - Arab Invasion, Mahmud Ghazni, Muhammad Ghori, Establishment of the
Delhi Sultanate

Books Recommended:1. Allchin, F.R. 1995. The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: the Emergence of
Cities and States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2. Datta,K.K., Mujumdar,R.C.,Raychaudhari,H.C., Advanced History of India
3. Devahuti, D. 1970. Harsha - A Politcal History. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
4. Goyal, S.R. 1986. Harsha and Buddhism. Meerut: Kusumajali Prakasan.
5. Jha, D. N., Ancient India
6. Jha, Amiteshwar and Dilip Rajgor. 1994. Studies in the Coinage of the Western
Kshatrapas. Anjaneri
(Nasik): Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies.
7. Kosambi, D.D. 1985. An Introduction to the Study of Indian History. (reprint) Bombay:
Popular Prakasan.
8. Mujumdar,R.C. & Pussalkar,A.D., History and Culture of Indian People
9. Majumdar, R.C. and A.D. Pusalkar (ed.). 1950. The Vedic Age. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya
Bhavan.
10. Majumdar, R.C. (ed.). 1966. The Age of Imperial Unity. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya
Bhavan.
11. Majumdar, R.C. (ed.). 1970. The Classical Age. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
12. Majumdar, R.C. (ed.). 1971. The Age of Imperial Kannauj. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya
Bhavan.
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13. Majumdar, R.C. (ed.). 1972. The Struggle for the Empire. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya
Bhavan.
14. Majumdar, R.C., H.C. Raychoudhuri, and K. Datta. 1961. Advanced History of India.
London: Macmillian.
15. Mirashi, V.V. 1981. The History and Inscriptions of the Satavahanas and the Western
Kshatrapas. Bombay: State Board of Literature.
16. Narain, A.K. 1957. The Indo-Greeks. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
17. Raychoudhuri, H.C. 1950. Political History of Ancient India. (5th ed.) Calcutta:
University of Calcutta.
18. Sharma, R.S. 1965. Indian Feudalism. Calcutta: University of Calcutta.
19. Shastri, K.A.N and G. Srinivasachari. 1970. Advanced History of India. London:
Macmillan and Co.
20. Shastri, K.A.N. 1966. History of South India. (IIIrd ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
21. Shastri, K.A.N. 1952. The Age of the Nandas and Mauryas. Banaras: Motilal Banarsidas.
22. Shastri, K.A.N. 1957. A Comprehensive History of India vol. II. (The Mauryas and
Satavahanas). Bombay: Orient Longmans.
23. Shastri, A.M. (ed.). 1999. Age of Satavahanas, 2 vols., Aryan Prakashan, New Delhi.
24. Thapar, Romila, History of India
25. Thapar, Romila. 1973. Ashoka and the Decline of the Mauryas (2nd ed) Oxford: Oxford
University Press.

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Paper : 102 Indian Historiography
1. Unit 1. Meaning of historiography, Nature, kinds and scope of history
2. Unit 2. Interpretation of data, causation and historicism
3. Unit 3. Traditional Indian Methods of History writing, Interpretation of Facts and
their authenticity, Nationalist and leftist approaches, Rewriting of History.
4. Unit 4. History and other Disciplines, History, Archaeology, Anthropology,
Geography. Economics, Political Science, Sociology, Literature, Sciences.

Books Recommended :
1. Barnes, A History of Historical Writings
2. Pathak, V.S., Ancient Historians of India, Bombay 1966, Gorakhpur, 1984.
3. Thapar, Romila, Tradition of Historical Writing in Early India, (in Ancient Indian
Social History), Orient Longman, New Delhi, 1978.
4. Shankar Goyal, Contemporary Interpreters of Ancient India, Book Enclave, Jaipur,
India, 2003.
5. E. Shreedharan, A Textbook of Historiography 500 BC to AD 2000.

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Paper : 103 - Prehistory Of India

1. Unit 1. Human Evolution, Palaeo-environment-Prehistoric Flora and Fauna
2. Unit 2. Stone Age technologies Tool types, probable uses and their techniques of
manufacture.
3. Unit 3. Palaeolithic Cultures Regional distribution, stratigraphy and Cultural evidence
i) The Himalayan context : Soan valley, Himachal Siwaliks, Nepal
ii) Western Indi : Rajasthan, Gujarat iii) Central India : Madhya Pradesh
iv) The Peninsular India : Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka.
4. Unit 4. Mesolithic Cultures i) Alluvial plain adaptation : Baghor, Chopani-Mando,
Birbhanpur;
ii) Horse-shoe lake sites : Sarai-Nahar Rai, Mahadaha;
iii) Sand dune landscape : Langhnaj, Bagor
iv) Plateau occupation : Paisra
v) Cave/Rock shelter and Prehistoric Art in India: Bhimbetka, Adamgarh

Books Recommended :
1. Allchin,Bridget and Raymond, Origins of Civilization
2. Allchin,F.R.1963,Neolithic Cattle Keepers of South India,
3. Bell, J. 1994. Reconstructing Prehistory: Scientific Method in Archaeology, Philadelphia:
Temple University.
4. Binford, L.R. 1983. In Pursuit of the Past: Decoding the Archaeological Record. London:
Thames and Hudson.
5. Binford, L. R. 1973. An Archaeological Perspective. New York: Seminar Press.
6. Binford, L.R. 1983. Working at Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.
7. Binford, L.R. 1989. Debating Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.
8. Chakrabarti, D.K. 1988. A History of Indian Archaeology : From the Beginning to 1947.
New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
9. Childe, V.G. 1956. Piecing Together the Past: The Interpretation of Archaeological Data.
London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
10. Clark, J.G.D. 1939. Archaeology and Society. London: Methuen.
11. Clarke, J.G.D. 1982. The Identity of Man. London : Methuen.
12. Clarke, D.L. 1963. "Archaeology: the Loss of Innocence." Antiquity 47:6-8.
13. Daniel Glyn, The Origins and Growth of Archaeology
14. Daniel, Glyn E. 1975. 150 years of Archaeology. London: Duckworth.
15. Daniel, Glyn, E. 1981. A Short History of Archaeology. London : Thames and Hudson.
16. Dunnell, R.C. 1971. Systematics in Prehistory. New York: Free Press.
17. Embree, Lester 1987. "Archaeology: the Most Basic Science of All" Antiquity 61:75-78.
18. Fagan, B. 1988. In the Beginning: An Introduction to Archaeology. Glenview (Illinois):
Scott, Foresman and Company.
19. Hayden, Brian 1993. Archaeology: The Science of Once and Future Things. New York:
W.H.Freeman and Company.
20. Hodder, I. 1986. Reading the Past: Current Approaches to Interpretation in Archaeology.
2nd ed.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3

21. Hodder, Ian. 1999. The Archaeological Process: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell
Publishers.
22. Hole, F. and R. F. Heizer 1973. Introduction to Prehistoric Archaeology. New York: Holt,
Reinhart and Winston.
23. Kennedy,K.A.R.2000, God Apes and Fossil Man : Palaeoanthropology in South Asia
24. Knudson, S.J. 1978. Culture in Retrospect. Chicago: Rand McNally.
25. Kuznar, L.A. 1997. Reclaiming Scientific Anthropology. Walnut Creek, California:
Altamira Press.
26. Mishra,F., Researches in Archaeology and Conservation
27. Mishra,V.N., Prehistoric Human Colonization in India
29. Paddyya,K., New Archaeology and its Aftermath
30. Rao,S.R., Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries
31. Renfrew, C. and P. Bahn 1991. Archaeology: Theories and Methods and Practice.
London: Thames and Hudson.
32. Sankalia,H.D.,Age Tools:Their Techniques and Functions
33. Sinha,B.P., Potteries in Ancient India
34. Spaulding, A.C. 1960. "The Dimensions of Archaeology" in N. Hammond (ed.) Readings
in Archaeology and Physical Anthropology.
35. Trigger, Bruce. 1989. A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
36. Wheeler,R.E.M., Archaeology from the Earth
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Paper: 104 - Ethnoarchaeology

1. Unit 1. Definition, Scope and Methods of Ethnoarchaeology.
2. Unit 2. Brief review of the history of Ethnoarchaeological research in India.
3. Unit 3. Ethnoarchaeology and reconstruction of past material culture.
4. Unit 4. Living Traditions of Pre and Proto Historic Lifestyles

Books Recommended:
1. Ajay Pratap. 2000. The Hoe and the Axe: Ethnohistory of Shifting Cultivation in Eastern
India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
2. Allchin, B. (ed.) 1994. Living Traditions: South Asian Ethnoarchaeology. New Delhi:
Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
3. Michael, J. Balick and Paul Alan Cox. 1996. Plant, People and the Science of Ethnobotany,
Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
4. Barkataki, S. 1969. Tribes of Assam. New Delhi: National Book Trust, India.
5. Bettinger, R. L. 1987 Archaeological Approaches to Hunter- gatherers, Annual Review of
Anthropology 16:121-142.
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6. Pakem, B. Bhattacharya, J.B., Dutta, B.B. and B. Datta Ray. 1980. Shifting Cultivation in
North-East India, North East India Council for Social Science Research, Shillong (2nd
revised edition).
7. Bichieri, M. G. (ed.) 1972. Hunters and Gatherers Today. New York: Holt, Rinehart and
Winston.
8. Binford, L. R. 1988. In Pursuit of the Past. New York: Thames and Hudson.
9. Cooper, Z. 1992 "The Relevance of the Forager/Collector Model to Island Communities in
the Bay of Bengal." Man and Environment XVII (2) : 111-122.
10. Cooper, Z. 2002. Archaeology and History: Early Settlement in the Andaman Islands.
New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
11. David N. and C. Kramer. 2001. Ethnoarchaeology in Action. Cambridge University
Press.
12. Fuchs, S. 1973. The Aboriginal Tribes of India. Delhi: Macmillan India.
13. Gould R.A. 1980. Living Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14. Grigg, D.B. 1980. The Agricultural Systems of the World, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, (chapter on Shifting Agriculture, pp.37-75.
15. Griffin, P. B. and W. G. Solheim II. 1990. "Ethnoarchaeological Research In Asia." Asian
Perspectives 28 (2): 145-161.
16. Jain, S.K. 1991. Contributions to Indian Ethnobotany, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.
17. Kramer C. (ed.) 1980 Ethnoarchaeology. Guildford Survey: Columbia University Press.
18. Lee, R. B. and I. Devore (Ed.) 1975. Man the Hunter. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co.
Second Edition.
19. Leshnik, L. S. and G. Sontheimer (eds.) 1975. Pastoralists and Nomads. Wiesbaden: Otto
Harrassowitz.
20. J.K. Maheshwari. 1996. Ethnobotany in South Asia, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.
21. Meehan, B. and R. Jones (eds.) 1988. Archaeology with Ethnography: An Australian
Perspective.
Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, the Australian National
University, Canberra.
22. Misra, V.N. 1990. "The Van Vagris - `Lost' Hunters of the Thar Desert, Rajasthan." Man
and Environment XV(2):89-108.
23. Morris, B. 1982. Forest Traders : A Socio-Economic Study of the Hill Pandaram. London
School of Economics Monograph, Social Anthropology 55. London: Athlone Press.
24. Murty, M.L.K 1981. "Hunter-Gatherer Ecosystems and Archaeological Patterns of
Subsistence Behaviour on the South-East Coast of India: An Ethnographic Model."
World Archaeology 12: 47-58.
25. Murty, M.L.K. 1985. "Ethnoarchaeology of the Kurnool Cave Area." World Archaeology
17 (2): 192-205.
26. Nagar, M. and V.N. Misra. 1993 "The Pardhis: A Hunting- gathering Community of
Central and Western India." Man and Environment XVIII (1): 113-144.
27. Nagar, M. 1975. "Role of Ethnographic Evidence in the Reconstruction of Archaeological
Data." Eastern Anthropologist 28 (1): 13-22.
28. Nagar, M. 1983. "Ethnoarchaeology of the Bhimbetka Region." Man and Environment
VII: 61-69.
5

29.Nagar, M. 1992. "Tribal Societies in India." In, Saryu Doshi (ed.). 1992. Tribal India:
Ancestors, Gods and Spirits. Bombay: Marg Publications.
30. Parker, B., J.B. Bhattacharya, B.B. Dutta abd B. Datta Ray. 1980 Shifting Cultivation in
North East India. Second Edition. Shillong: North East India Council for Social Science
Research.
32. Raju, D.R. 1988. Stone Age Hunter-Gatherers: An Ethno- Archaeology of Cuddapah
Region, South-East India. Pune: Ravish Publishers. Richard Ford (Ed.). 1994. The Nature and
Status of Ethnobotany, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
37. Sinopoli, C. M. 1991. "Seeking the Past through the Present: Recent Ethnoarchaeological
Research in South Asia." Asian Perspectives 28 (2): 145-161.
38.Smiley F.E. et. al. 1980 The Archaeological Correlates of the Hunter-Gatherer Societiess:
Studies form the Ethnographic Record. Ann Arbor. Michigan University Press.
40. Axel Steensberg. 1986. Man the Manipulator. An Ethnoarchaeological Basis for
Reconstructing the Past, National Museum, Kopenhagen.
42. Seeking the Past through the Present: Recent Ethnoarchaeological Research in South
Asia, Carla M. Sinopoli
43. Prehistory Of The Chotanagpur Region Part 4: Ethnoarchaeology, Rock Art, Iron And
The Asuras, A Ghosh.

Paper: 105 - Principles Of Archaeology

1. Unit 1. Definition and scope of Archaeology, Relationship of Archaeology with History,
Anthropology and the pure sciences.
2. Unit 2. History of world Archaeology up to present, Development of field techniques,
Evolution of
Archaeological sciences (Geoarchaeology, Archaeozoology, Archaeobotany, Archaeological
Chemistry, Archaeometallurgy and Human Osteology)
3. Unit 3. History of Indian Archaeology, the colonial background, new issues and
perspectives
since 1947.
4. Unit 4. Archaeology and the public education Threats, damage, negligence, greed for
land
and wanton destruction, Legislative basis of conservation and protection of heritage,
Return of cultural property.

Books Recommended:1. Bell, J. 1994. Reconstructing Prehistory: Scientific Method in Archaeology, Philadelphia:
Temple University.
2. Binford, L.R. 1983. In Pursuit of the Past: Decoding the Archaeological Record. London:
Thames and Hudson.
3. Binford, L. R. 1973. An Archaeological Perspective. New York: Seminar Press.
4. Binford, L.R. 1983. Working at Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.
5. Binford, L.R. 1989. Debating Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.
6

6. Chakrabarti, D.K. 1988. A History of Indian Archaeology : From the Beginning to 1947.
New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
7. Childe, V.G. 1956. Piecing Together the Past: The Interpretation of Archaeological Data.
London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
8. Clark, J.G.D. 1939. Archaeology and Society. London: Methuen.
9. Clarke, J.G.D. 1982. The Identity of Man. London : Methuen.
10. Clarke, D.L. 1963. "Archaeology: the Loss of Innocence." Antiquity 47:6-8.
11. Daniel Glyn, The Origins and Growth of Archaeology
12. Daniel, Glyn E. 1975. 150 years of Archaeology. London: Duckworth.
13. Daniel, Glyn, E. 1981. A Short History of Archaeology. London : Thames and Hudson.
14. Dunnell, R.C. 1971. Systematics in Prehistory. New York: Free Press.
15. Embree, Lester 1987. "Archaeology: the Most Basic Science of All" Antiquity 61:75-78.
16. Fagan, B. 1988. In the Beginning: An Introduction to Archaeology. Glenview (Illinois):
Scott, Foresman and Company.
17. Hayden, Brian 1993. Archaeology: The Science of Once and Future Things. New York:
W.H. Freeman and Company.
18. Hodder, I. 1986. Reading the Past: Current Approaches to Interpretation in Archaeology.
2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
19. Hodder, Ian. 1999. The Archaeological Process: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell
Publishers.
20. Hole, F. and R. F. Heizer 1973. Introduction to Prehistoric Archaeology. New York: Holt,
Reinhart and Winston.
21. Knudson, S.J. 1978. Culture in Retrospect. Chicago: Rand McNally.
22. Kuznar, L.A. 1997. Reclaiming Scientific Anthropology. Walnut Creek, California:
Altamira Press.
23. Paddayya, K. 1979. "Palaeoethnography vis-avis the Stone Age Cultures of India: Some
Methodological considerations." Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate & Research
Institute 38:63-90.
24. Paddyya,K., New Archaeology and its Aftermath
25. Renfrew, C. and P. Bahn 1991. Archaeology: Theories and Methods and Practice.
London: Thames and Hudson.
26. Spaulding, A.C. 1960. "The Dimensions of Archaeology" in N. Hammond (ed.) Readings
in Archaeology and Physical Anthropology.
27. Trigger, Bruce. 1989. A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.

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Paper: 106 - Archaeology of Vidarbha

1. Unit 1. Prehistory of Vidarbha
2. Unit 2. Chalcolithic and Megalithic of Vidarbha
3. Unit 3. Historical Archaeology of Vidarbha
4. Unit 4. Important excavated sites :- Papamia Tekri, Tarsa, Takalghat-Khapa, Mahurzari,
Dhamna-Linga, Tuljapur Garhi, Kaudinyapur, Paunar, Adam, Naikund, Mandhal, Pauni,
Arni, Kholapur, Shrikhanda, Bhon.
Books Recommended :
1. Deo, S. B., Problem of South Indian Megaliths
2. Allchin, F. R. 1963, Neolithic Cattle Keepers of South India
3. Dhavalikar, M. K., Indian Protohistory, New Delhi
4. Dhavalikar, M. K., Historical Archaeology of India, New Delhi
5. Moorti, U. S., Megalithic Cultures of South India,
6. Deo, S. B. & Dhavalikar, M. K., Paunar Excavation, Nagpur
7. Deo, S. B. & Joshi, J. P., Pauni Excavation, Nagpur
8. Deo, S. B., Excavation at Takalghat Khapa, Nagpur
9. Deo, S. B., Excavation at Mahurzar, Nagpur
10. Deo, S. B. & Jamkhedkar, A. P., Naikund Excavation,Mumbai
11. Deglurkar, G. B. and Gauri Lad, Raipur-Hingna, Poona
12. Nath, A., Further Excavations at Pauni , New Delhi

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M. A. (SEMESTER- II)
Group- A (Archaeology) Detailed Syllabus

Paper: 201 - Epigraphy and Palaeography

1. Unit 1. Importance of Inscriptions, Origin of writing & Writing Materials, Origin of Indian
scripts and Evolution of Brahmi to Nagari.
2. Unit 2. Preparation and Preservation of Records, General Features of Copper Plate
Charters,
Dating and Eras : Vikrama, Saka, Gupta, Kalchuri-Chedi.
3. Unit 3. Rock Edict XIII, Bairat Edict, Pillar Edict VII, Rummandei Pillar Inscription, and
Panguraria Edict of Asoka.
4. Unit 4. Shinkot Relic Casket Inscription of the time of Menander, Besnagar Garuda Pillar
Inscription of Heliodorus, Ayodhya Inscription of Dhanadeva

Books Recommended :
1. Allchin, F.R. and K.R. Norman. 1985. "Guide to the Ashokan Inscriptions". South Asian
Studies1:43-50.

2. Bulher,G., Indian Palaeography

3. Dani,A.H., Indian Palaeography.
4. Hultzch.D. 1969. (Reprint) Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.I, Varanasi: Indological Book
House.
8

5. Gokhale, S. 1991. Kanheri Inscriptions. Pune: Deccan College.

6. Gupta,S.P., and Ramchandran,K.S., Origin of Brahmi Script

7. Mangalam, S.J. 1990. Kharoshthi Script. Delhi: Eastern Book Linkers.
8. Mangalam, S.J. 2002. Anegondi Inscriptions. Pune:Deccan College.
9. Pandey, R. 1957. Indian Palaeography. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas.
10. Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1996-97. "Some Observations on the Origin and Early History of the Vikrama
Era". Prachya Pratibha, Vol.XVIII, pp.1-51.
11. Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1966. "The Saka Era". Panchal. Vol.9, pp.109-132.
12. Sircar, D.C. 1965. Indian Epigraphy. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas.
13. Sircar, D.C. 1986. (3rd edition) Select Inscriptions. Vol.I, Delhi: Asian Humanities Press.
14. Epigraphia Indica Vols. I-X.

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Paper: 202 - Indian Architecture
1. Unit 1. Harappan town planning and architecture, Stupa Architecture: symbolism, Origin
and Evolution
2. Unit 2. Rock cut Architecture (Eastern, Western and Southern India) Chaityas, Viharas,
Roch Cut Temple Architecture.
3. Unit 3. Evolution of Temple Architecture Gupta-Vakataka Age, Evolution of Temple
Architecture from 7th to 10th Century AD.
4. Unit 4. Evolution of Temple Architecture (10th to 13th Century AD) Northern India,
Eastern India, Central India, Western India, South India.

Books Recommended :
1. Berkson, Carmel 1982. An Approach Towards Examining Style in the Cave Temple, in
Rupa Pratirupa (Alice Boner Commemoration Volume) [Bettina Baumer ed.], pp. 57-86,
New Delhi, Biblia Implex.
2. Brown, Percy 1960. Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu). Bombay: D. B.
Taraporewala and Sons.
3. Burges and Fergusson,Cave Temple of Western India
4. Dehejia, Vidya 1972. Early Buddhist Rock Temples: A Chronological Study. London:
Thames and Hudson.
5. Dehejia, Vidya 1979. Early Stone Temples of Orissa. Delhi: Vikas Publishing House.
6. Deva,Krishna, Temples of India
7. Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture. (Volume 2, part 1)Varanasi/ Gurgaon:
American Institute of Indian Studies.
8. Kramrisch, Stella 1986. The Hindu Temple. (2 volumes). Reprint. Delhi: Motilal
Banarasidas.
9. Nagaraju, S. 1981. Buddhist Architecture of Western India. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan.
10. Parimoo, Ratan et al. (ed.) 1991. The Art of Ajanta: New Perspective. New Delhi: Books
and Books. (Two volumes)
11. Sarkar, H. 1966. Studies in Early Buddhist Architecture of India. New Delhi: Munshiram
Manoharlal
9

12. Shrinivasan,K.R.,Temples of South India

13. Soundrajan,K.V.,Indian Temples Styles.
14. Spink, Walter 1967. Ajanta to Ellora, Marg 20:8-67.
15. Zimmer, H. 1964. The Art of Indian Asia. (2 vols.). New York: Bollingen Foundations
Inc.

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Paper: 203 - Proto-History of India
1. Unit 1. Neolithic Cultures North-west India from Baluchistan to Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh
and Bihar, North-eastern states and Orissa, Southern States Ash mounds
2. Unit 2. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Cultures Pre and Early Harappan Cultures,
Harappan Culture, Ochre Coloured Pottery and Copper Hoards, Rural Chalcolithic cultures :
Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Deccan
3. Unit 3. Iron Age Cultures Early Iron Age settlements in North and North-west India,
Megalithic Culture : Vindhyas, Vidarbha and South India, Painted Grey Ware and Northern
Black Polished Ware Cultures.
4. Unit 4. Important excavated sites :- Bhimbetka, Paisra, Hunsgi, Kalibangan, Inamgaon,
Atranjikhera, Kausambi, Nagarjunakonda, Adam, Naikund, Brahmagiri, Pauni, Arikamedu.

Books Recommended :
1. Deo, S. B., Problem of South Indian Megaliths
2. Allchin, F. R. 1963, Neolithic Cattle Keepers of South India,
3. Dhavalikar, M. K., Indian Protohistory
4. Dhavalikar, M. K., Historical Archaeology of India
5. Kenoyer, J. M., Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization
6. Moorti, U. S., Megalithic Cultures of South India
7. Tripathi, V. C., The Painted Grey Ware:An Iron Age Culture of Northern India
8. Agrawal, D.P. 1982. Archaeology of India. Copenhagen: Scandinavian Institute of Asian
Studies.
9. Agrawal, D.P. and D.K. Chakrabarti (eds.). 1979. Essays in Indian Protohistory.
10. Allchin, F.R. and B. Allchin 1993. The Birth of Civilization in India. revised ed.
11. Deo, S.B. 1985. The Megaliths: Their culture, ecology, economy and technology, in
Recent Advances in Indian Archaeology (S.B. Deo and K. Paddayya eds.), Deccan College,
Pune.
12. Dhavalikar, M.K. 1990. First Farmers of the Deccan, Pune: Ravish Publishers.
13. Ghosh, A. 1990. Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology (two volumes).
14. Lal, B.B. 2000. The Saraswati Flows on. New Delhi: Aryan Books.
15. Lal, Makhan. 1984. Settlement History and the Rise of Civilization in the Ganga-Yamuna
Doab.
10

16. Mohanty,R.K. and V.Selvakumar,2002. The Archaeology of Megaliths in India:19471997, in Indian Archaeology in Retrospect,(S.Settar and R.Korisettar Eds.),
17. Moorti, U.S. 1994. Megalithic Cultures of South India : Socio- Economic Perspectives.
Varanasi: Ganga-Kaveri.
18. Paddayya, K. (ed.). 2002. Recent Studies in Indian Archaeology.
19. Possehl, G.L. 1979 (ed.). 1979. Ancient Cities of the Indus.
20. Sankalia, H.D. 1977. Prehistory of India. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
21. Sankalia, H.D. 1974. Pre and Protohistory of India and Pakistan. Pune: Deccan College.
22. Shinde, Vasant. 1989. New Light on the Origin, Settlement System and Decline of the
Jorwe Culture of the Deccan, India South Asian Studies 5:60-72
23. Tripathi, Vibha. 1976. The Painted Grey Ware : An Iron Age Culture of Northern India.
24. Tripathy, Vibha. 2001. Age of Iron in South Asia: Legacy and Tradition,
25. Wheeler, R.E.M. 1968. Indus Civilization. (Third Edition).

26- ikaMs]t;ukjk;.k] iqjkrRo foekZ

27- Oghyj] ekWVhZej] i`Foh ls iqjkrRo
28- nso]kka-Hkk-] iqjkrRo fo|k
Paper: 204 - Science and Archaeology
1. Unit 1. Geoarchaeology and Environmental Archaeology
2. Unit 2. Anthropology, Human Osteology and Palaeopathology
3. Unit 3. Archaeozoology, Archaeobotany, Archaeological Chemistry and
Archaeometallurgy.
4. Unit 4. Quantitative Methods and Information Science.

Books Recommended:
1. Badam, G.L. 1979. Pleistocene Fauna of India, Pune: Deccan College.
2. Baker, J. and D. Brothwell. 1980. Animal Diseases and Archaeology, Academic Press:
London
3. Bass, W.M. 1981. Human Osteology: A laboratory and field manual of the Human
skeleton, 2nd edition, Columbia: Missouri Archaeological Society.
4. Bone, J.F. 1979. Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Reston: Reston Publishing Co.
5. Black, C.A., Evans, D.D., White, J.L., Ensminger, L.E. and F.E. Clark (Eds.). 1965.
Methods of Soil Analysis, part I Physical and Mineralogical properties and part II Chemical
and Microbiological properties, American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin,
USA
6. Brothwell, D. and E. Higgs (Eds.). 1969. Science in Archaeology, London : Thames and
Hudson.
7. Brothwell, D. and A.M. Pollard. 2001. Handbook of Archaeological Sciences, New York:
John Wiley and Sons.
8. Cornwall, I.W. 1974. Bones for Archaeologists, (revised edition), London : L.M. Dent and
Sons.
9. Deo, S.G. and P.P.Joglekar. 1998. Geographic Information System (GIS) for Archaeology.
Puratattava, 27:85-90.
11

10. Deo, S.G. 2000-01. Computer Applications in Archaeology: A review of work done at
Deccan College, Bulletin of Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, Vol. 60-61:
137-142.
11. Deotare, B.C. 1995. Pollen recovery from minerogenic sediments : A methodological
approach. Man and Environment, XX(2):101-105.
12. Erdtman, G. 1969. Hand book of Palynology, New York: Hafner.
13. Gary Lock and Zoran Stancic (eds). 1995. Archaeology and Geographical Information
Systems, London : Taylor and Francis.
14. Gary Lock and J. Moffett (Eds.). 1992. Computer Application and Quantitative Methods
in Archaeology 1991. London: BAR International Series.
15. Greig, James. 1989. Handbook for Archaeologists No.4: Archaeobotany, European
Science Foundation, Strasbourg.
16. Joshi, R.V. and B.C. Deotare. 1983. Chemical Analysis of Archaeological Deposits from
India. Pune: Deccan College.
17. Kajale, M.D. 1991. Current status of Indian Palaeoethnobotany : Introduced and
indigenous food plants with a discussion of the historical development of Indian Agriculture
and agricultural system in general, in New Light on Early Farming, Jane Renfrew (Ed.),
Edinburgh: Edinburge University press, pp.155-190.
18. Leiggi, Patrick and Peter May (Eds.). 1994. Vertebrate Palaeontological Techniques, Vol.
1, Cambridge University Press.
19. Moore, P.D., Webb, J. A. and M.E. Collinson. 1992. Pollen Analysis, Oxford: Blackwell.
20. Pearsall, D. 1989. Palaeoethnobotany- Handbook of Procedures. London: Academic
press.
21. Plenderlith, H.J. 1965. The Conservations of Antiquities and Works of Art, London:
Oxford University press.
22. Renfrew, J. 1973. Palaeoethnobotany, London: Mathuen and Co.
23. Reilly, P. and S. Rathz (Eds.). 1992. Archaeology and the Information Age. London:
Routledge
24. Romer, A.S. 1967. Vertebrate Paleontology, Chicago: University of Chicago press.
25. Schmid, E. 1972. Atlas of Animal Bones. London: Elsevier publishing Co.
26. Singh, R. and L.R. Kajia. 1979. Map Work and Practical Geography, Allahabad: Central
Book Depot.
27. Traverse, A. 1988. Palaeopalynology Boston: Unwin Hyman.
28. Zittel, Von K.A. 1925. Text Book of Palaeontology, Macmillan and Co. 3 vols.

29303132-

ik.Ms] t;ukjk;.k] iqjkrRo foekZ] bykgkckn

nso]kka-Hkk-] iqjkrRo fo|k] ukxiwj
<oGhdj] e- ds-] iqjkrRo fo|k] eqEcbZ
Oghyj] ekWVhZej] i`Foh ls iqjkrRo

Paper: 205 - Methods of Archaeology

1. Unit 1. Discovering archaeological sites and features, ground reconnaissance, aerial
reconnaissance including satellite imagery. Aims and methods of exploration. Excavations,
purposes and methods, under water archaeology with special reference to development in
India.
12

2 . Unit 2. Recording the context of excavated remains, preparation of section and plans,
three
dimensional recording. Retrival of botanical and ecofactual data, plant, human bones and
animal remains, soil and pollen analysis.
3. Unit 3. Stratigraphy, causes of formation of layers, their nature and order, Determining the
chronology and periods of excavated remains. Pottery Analysis. Methods of absolute and
relative dating.
4. Unit 4. Principles of conservation of cultural property, Chemical and Architectural
conservation. Principles and techniques of transplantation of monuments. Museums and the
storage and display of antiquities.

Books Recommended:
1. Bell, J. 1994. Reconstructing Prehistory: Scientific Method in Archaeology, Philadelphia:
Temple University.
2. Binford, L.R. 1983. In Pursuit of the Past: Decoding the Archaeological Record. London:
Thames and Hudson.
3. Binford, L. R. 1973. An Archaeological Perspective. New York: Seminar Press.
4. Binford, L.R. 1983. Working at Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.
5. Binford, L.R. 1989. Debating Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.
6. Chakrabarti, D.K. 1988. A History of Indian Archaeology : From the Beginning to 1947.
New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
7. Childe, V.G. 1956. Piecing Together the Past: The Interpretation of Archaeological Data.
London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
8. Clark, J.G.D. 1939. Archaeology and Society. London: Methuen.
9. Clarke, J.G.D. 1982. The Identity of Man. London : Methuen.
10. Clarke, D.L. 1963. "Archaeology: the Loss of Innocence." Antiquity 47:6-8.
11. Daniel Glyn, The Origins and Growth of Archaeology
12. Daniel, Glyn E. 1975. 150 years of Archaeology. London: Duckworth.
13. Daniel, Glyn, E. 1981. A Short History of Archaeology. London : Thames and Hudson.
14. Dunnell, R.C. 1971. Systematics in Prehistory. New York: Free Press.
15. Embree, Lester 1987. "Archaeology: the Most Basic Science of All" Antiquity 61:75-78.
16. Fagan, B. 1988. In the Beginning: An Introduction to Archaeology. Glenview (Illinois):
Scott, Foresman and Company.
17. Hayden, Brian 1993. Archaeology: The Science of Once and Future Things. New York:
W.H. Freeman and Company.
18. Hodder, I. 1986. Reading the Past: Current Approaches to Interpretation in Archaeology.
2nd ed.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
19. Hodder, Ian. 1999. The Archaeological Process: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell
Publishers.
20. Hole, F. and R. F. Heizer 1973. Introduction to Prehistoric Archaeology. New York: Holt,
Reinhart and Winston.
21. Knudson, S.J. 1978. Culture in Retrospect. Chicago: Rand McNally.
13

22. Kuznar, L.A. 1997. Reclaiming Scientific Anthropology. Walnut Creek, California:
Altamira Press.
23. Mishra,F., Researches in Archaeology and Conservation
24. Paddayya, K. 1979. "Palaeoethnography vis-avis the Stone Age Cultures of India: Some
Methodological considerations." Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate & Research
Institute 38:63-90.
25. Paddyya, K., New Archaeology and its Aftermath
26. Rao, S.R., Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries
27. Renfrew, C. and P. Bahn 1991. Archaeology: Theories and Methods and Practice.
London: Thames and Hudson.
28. Sinha,B.P., Potteries in Ancient India
29. Spaulding, A.C. 1960. "The Dimensions of Archaeology" in N. Hammond (ed.) Readings
in Archaeology and Physical Anthropology.
30. Trigger, Bruce. 1989. A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
31. Wheeler,R.E.M., Archaeology from the Earth

32333435-

ik.Ms] t;ukjk;.k] iqjkrRo foekZ] bykgkckn

nso]kka-Hkk-] iqjkrRo fo|k] ukxiwj
<oGhdj] e- ds-] iqjkrRo fo|k] eqEcbZ
Oghyj] ekWVhZej] i`Foh ls iqjkrRo] ubZ fnYyh

Paper: 206 - Post Excavation Analysis and Report Writing

1. Unit 1. Classification of objects / findings, reconstruction of socio-economic aspects,
including contextual
and site catchment analysis.
2. Unit 2. Recording methods (a) Drawing-pottery, site and antiquity, plan, elevation, section
(b)
Photography-indoor, elementary photochemistry (c) Surveying; instruments and their use,
preparation of maps, cartography
3. Unit 3. Scientific analysis of excavated remains, establishment of site laboratory
4. Unit 4. Report writing : Preparation of text, drawings, photographs, Preparation of
dummy, proof reading.

Books Recommended :
1. Aitken, M.J. 1990. Science-based Dating in Archaeology. London: Longmans.
2. Atkinson, R.J.C. 1953. Field Archaeology. London: Methuen and Co.
3. Barker, P. 1982. Techniques of Archaeological Excavation. London: Batsford.
4. Binford, L.R. 1964. A Consideration of Hypothetical Research Design, American Antiquity
29:425-441.
5. Crawford, O.G.S. 1953. Archaeology in the Field. London: Phoenix.
6. Dancey, W.S. 1985. Archaeological Field Methods: An Introduction. New Delhi: Surjeet
Publications.
7. Harris, E.C. 1979. Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy. London: Academic Press.
8. Hester, T., Heizer, R.E. and J.A. Graham. 1975. Field Methods in Archaeology. Palo Alto
14

(California): Mayfield Press.

9. Redman, C. 1974. Multi-Stage Fieldwork and Analytical Techniques, American Antiquity
38: 611-79.
10. Tite, M.S. 1972. Methods of Physical Examination in Archaeology. London: Seminar.
11. Wheeler, R.E.M. 1954. Archaeology from the Earth. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.

12131415-

ik.Ms] t;ukjk;.k] iqjkrRo foekZ] bykgkckn

nso]kka-Hkk-] iqjkrRo fo|k] ukxiwj
<oGhdj] e- ds-] iqjkrRo fo|k] eqEcbZ
Oghyj] ekWVhZej] i`Foh ls iqjkrRo
M. A. (SEMESTER- III)
Group- A (Archaeology) Detailed Syllabus

Paper: 301 - Indian Numismatics

1. Unit 1. Scope, Importance, Origin and Antiquity of Coinage, Seals and Sealings,
Intaglio and Amulets.
2. Unit 2. Punch Marked Coins, Uninscribed cast copper coins, Coinage of Yavanas,
Sakas, Pahlavas and Sassanians; Janapada Coins, Local and City state Issues
3. Unit 3. Kushana Coinage, Pre-Satavahana, Satavahana and Western Khatrapa Coins;
Gupta Coins.
4. Unit 4. Coins of Ikshvaku, Vakataka, Vishnukundin, Kalachuri, Pushyabhuti, Eastern
Chalukya, Chandella, Paramara, Shahi and Yadava

Books Recommended :
1. Allan, J. 1935. Catalogue of Coins of Ancient India. London: British Musuem.
2. Altekar, A.S. 1957. Coinage of the Gupta Empire. Varanasi: Numismatic Society of India.
3. Bhandarkar, D.R. 1921. Carmichael Lectures on Ancient India Numismatics. Calcutta,
Calcutta University.
4. Bharadwaj, H.C. 1979. Aspects of Ancient Indian Technology. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas.
5. Chakrabarti,S.K., A Study of Ancient Indian Numismatics
6. Chattopadhyaya, Bhaskar. 1967. The Age of the Kushanas - A Numismatic Study.
Calcutta: Punthi Pustak.
7. Chattopadhyaya, Brajadulal. 1977. Coins and Currency System in South India. Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal.
8. Dasgupta, K.K. 1974. A Tribal History of Ancient India - A Numismatic Approach.
Calcutta: Nababharat Publications.
9. Dhavalikar, M.K. 1975. Prachin Bharatiya Nanakshastra. Pune: Maharashtra Vidyapeeth
Granthanirmiti Mandal.(Text Book in Marathi)
10. Elliot, W. 1970. (Reprint) Coins of South India. Varanasi: Indological Book House.
11. Gardener, P. 1886. The Coinage of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India in
British Museum. London: British Museum.
12. Gokhale, Shobhana 1981. New Discoveries in the Satavahana Coinage, Journal of the
Numismatic Society of India Volume XLIII,pp54-59.
15

13. Goyal,S.R.1995. Dynastic Coins of Ancient India.Jodhapur:Kusumanjali Book World.

14. Gupta, P.L. 1979. (2nd Revised Edition) Coins. New Delhi: National Book Trust.
15. Gupta, P.L. 1981. Coins: Sourse of Indian History.Ahmedabad:B.J.Institute of Learning
and Research.
16. Gupta, P.L. and Sarojini Kulashreshtha 1993. Kushana Coins and History. New Delhi:
D.K.Publishers.
17. Gupta, P.L. and T.R. Hardarkar. 1985. Ancient Indian Silver Punch- Marked Coins of the
Magadha - Maurya Karshapana Series. Nasik: Indian Institute of Research in Numismatics
Studies.
18. Jha,A.K. 1998. Observations on the Principles of Typology:A Study of Ancient India
Coinage, in Ex Moneta:Essays on Numismatics in the Honour of Dr.David W.
Macdowall(A.K.Jha and Sanjay Garg Eds.), Volume 1,pp.33-42,Harman Publishing House,
New Delhi.
19. Jha, Amiteshwar and Dilip Rajgor 1994.Studies in the Coinage of Western Kshatrapas.
Anjaneri(Nasik):Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies.
20. Krishnamurti, R. 1997 Sangam Age Tamil Coins. Madras:Garnet Publishers.
21. Lahiri, A.N. 1965 Corpus of Indo-Greek Coins. Calcutta: Publication.
22. Mala Datta. 1990. A Study of the Satavahana Coinage. Delhi: Harman Publishing House.
23. Mangalam, S.J. 2001. Shankar Tiwari Collection of Early Coins from Narmada Valley.
Bhopal: Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Madhya Pradesh.
24. Numismatic Digest: A Journal published by Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic
Studies. Anjaneri(Nasik)
25. Rajor, Dilip 2001. Punch-marked Coins of Early Historical India. California. Resha
Books International.
26. Rapson. E.J. 1908. Catologue of Coins of Andhra Dynasty, Western Kshatrapas etc.
London: British Museum.
27. Ray, S.C. 1977. The Stratigraphic Evidence of Coins in Indian Excavations and some
Allied Issues. Varanasi: Numis. Soc. of India.
28. Sahni,Birbal 1973. The Technoque of Casting Coins in Ancient India. Varanasi:
Bharatiya Publishing House.
29. Sarma, I.K. 1980. Coinage of the Satavahana Empire. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakasan.
30. Shastri, A.M. (Ed.)1999. Age of Satavahanas(two volumes).New Delhi: Aryan
Prakashan.
31. Smith, V. A., Cataogue of Coins in the British Museum: Coins of the Andhras, Western
Kshatrapas.
32. Srivastava, A.K. 1969. Catalogue of Indo-Greek Coins in the State Museum, Lucknow:
State Museum.
33. Srivastava, A.K. 1972. Catalogue of Saka Pahlava Coins of Northern India in the State
Museum, Lucknow. Lucknow: State Museum.
34. Studies in South Indian Coins: A Journal published by South Indian Numismatic Society,
Madras.(Annual)
36. Whitehead, R.B. 1910. Catalogue of Coins in the Punjab Museum, Lahore, Vol.I: IndoGreek Coins. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

37- mik|k;] oklwnso] izkphu Hkkjrh; flDds

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38- <oGhdj] e- ds-] izkphu Hkkjrh; uk.kdkkL=] ukxiwj

Paper: 302 - Research Methodology

1. Unit 1. Definition, nature and scope
2. Unit 2. Research process Tools and Techniques, Data Collection, Analysis and its
interpretation, Hypothesis, concepts in Research and Problems of objectivity in
Research.
3. Unit 3. Themes in Indian History Social, Economic, Religious, Science and
Technology.
4. Unit 4. Thinkers of History Alexander Cunningham, M. Wheeler, James Princep
and H.D.Sankalia, V.A.Smith, V.S. Agrawal, A.K. Coomarswamy, A.S. Altekar,
A.L.Basham, R.C.Mujumdar, D.D.Kosambi.

Books Recommended :
1. Bernard Knapp, B. (Ed.). 1992. Archaeology, Annales and Ethnohistory. Cambridge
University Press.
2. Binford, L.R. 1989. Debating Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.
3. Binford, L.R. 1983. Working at Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.
4. Chitnis, K. N., Research Methodology in History
5. Cohen, M.R. and E. Nagel. 1976. An Introduction to Logic and Scientific Method.
Bombay: Allied Publishers.
6. Gellner, E. 1985. Relativism and Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
7. Goode, W.J. and P.K. Hatt. 1952. Methods in Social Research. Tokyo: Mcgraw-Hill
Student Edition.
8. Gopal, M. H., An Introduction to Research Procedures in Social Sciences
9. Kelley, J.H. and M.P. Hanen 1990. Archaeology and the Methodology of Science.
Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
10. Hodder, Ian. 1992. Theory and Practice in Archaeology. London: Routledge.
11. Hodder, Ian. (ed) 1982. Symbolic and Structural Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
12. Hodder, I. 1995. Interpreting Archaeology: Finding Meaning in the Past. New York:
Routledge.
13. Johnson, M. 1999. Archaeological Theory: An Introduction. Malden (Ma): Blackwell
Publishers.
14. Paddayya, K. 1978. "New Research Designs and Field Techniques in the Palaeolithic
Archaeology of India". World Archaeology. 10:94-110.
15. Paddayya, K. 1981. Piaget, Scientific Method and Archaeology. Bulletin of the Deccan
College Research Institute 40: 235-264.
16. Paddayya, K. 1989. The Role of Hypothesis and Traditional Archaeology. Bulletin of the
Deccan College Research Institute 47-48: 239-247.
17. Paddayya, K. 1990. New Archaeology and Aftermath: View from Outside the AngloAmerican World. Pune: Ravish Publishers
17

18. Paddayya, K. 1995. Theoretical Perspectives in Indian Archaeology: An Historical

Review, in P.J. Ucko (ed.) Theory in Archaeology: A World Perspective, pp.110-149.
London: Routledge.
19. Paddayya, K. 2002. A Review of Theoretical Perspectives in Indian Archaeology, in S.
Settar and R. Korisettar (ed.) Indian Archaeology in Retrospect, Vol.IV, pp.117-157. New
Delhi: ICHR and Manohar.
20. Pathak, V. S., Ancient Historians of India
21. Pinsky, V. and A. Wylie (ed). 1989. Critical Traditions in Contemporary Archaeology.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
22. Preucel, R. (ed). 1991. Processual and Postprocessual Archaeologies: Multiple Ways of
Knowing the Past. Carbondale (Illinois): Southern Illinois University Press.
23. Preycel. R.W. and I. Hodder (eds.). 1996. Contemporary Archaeology in Theory: A
Reader. Blackwell Publishers.
24. Rosenau, P.M. 1992. Post-modernism and the Social Sciences. Princeton: Princeton
University Press.
25. Salmon, W.C. 1984. Scientific Explanation and Causal Structures of the World.
Princeton: Princeton University Press.
26. Sankalia, H.D. 1969. "Problems in Indian Archaeology and Methods and Techniques
Adopted to Tackle Them". World Archaeology 1: 29-40.
27. Schiffer, M.B. 1976. Behavioral Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.
28. Schiffer, M.B. 1987. Formation Processes of the Archaeological Record. Albuquerque:
University of New Mexico Press.
29. Schiffer, M.B. 1995. Behavioral Archaeology: First Principles. Salt Lake City: University
of Utah Press.
30. Shanks, M. and C. Tilley. 1987. Sociol Theory as Archaeology.Cambridge:Polity Press.
31. Stoianovich, T. 1976. French Historical Method: The Annales Paradigm. Ithaca: Cornell
Press
32. VanPool, C.S. and Todd L. VanPool. 1999. The Scientific Nature of Postprocessualism.
American Antiquity. Vol.64: 33-53.
33. Whithey, F. L., The Elements of Research
34. Yoffee, N. and A. Sherratt (ed.) 1993. Archaeological Theory: Who sets the agenda?
Cambridge University Press.

35- [kjs] x- g-] lakks/kdkpk fe=

36- HkkaMkjdj] iq- y-] lkekftd lakks/ku i/nrh
Paper: 303 - Historical Archaeology
1. Unit 1. Definition. Scope and Development of Historical archaeology in India, Use of
Archaeological Record for studying historical period in India, Regional
culturesequence of the historical period in India
2. Unit 2. Archaeology of pre-Maurya and Maurya period
3. Unit 3. Archaeology of post-Maurya period up to 3rd century A.D.
4. Unit 4. Archaeology of Gupta and Post Gupta period up to 13th century A.D.
Important excavated sites:- Taxila, Ahichchhatra, Hastinapur, Kausambi,
Sishupalgarh, Purana Qila, Chandraketugarh, Hampi, Bhokhardan, Sannati,
18

Nagarjunakonda, Fatehpur Sikri, Arikamedu, Adam, Rajghat, Mathura, Sonkh,

Kumrahar, Sravasti, Brahmagri, Banavasi, Champaner, Rangmahal, Lalkot, Nalanda,
Bhangarh, Ambari, Alagankulam, Semthan, Korkai, Thanesar, Vadgaon Madhavpur,
Chandor

Books Recommended :
1. Allchin, R. 1995. The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia - The Emergence of Cities
and States. 2. Dhavalikar, M.K. 1999. Historical Archaeology of India.
3. Ghosh, A. 1973. City in Early Historical India. Simla: Indian Institute for Advanced
Studies.
4. Lahiri, Nayanjot and others. 2002. Historical archaeology of India: an outline of the work
of the Archaeological Survey of India, in S. Settar and R. Korisettar (ed.) Indian Archaeology
in Retrospect: Archaeology and Historiography, pp.71-115. New Delhi: ICHR and Manohar.
5. Lal, Makkan 1984. Settlement History and the Rise of Civilization in the Ganga-Yamuna
Doab.
6. Ray, Amita and S. Mukherjee (ed.) 1990. Historical Archaeology of India.
7. Roy, T.N. 1983. The Ganges Civilization: a Critical Study of the PGW and NBPW Periods
of the Ganga Plains of India. New Delhi: Ramanand Vidya Bhavan.
8. Schuyler, R.L. 1978 Historical Archaeology: A Guide to Substantive and Theoretical
Contributions.
9. Sharma, R.S. 1987 Urban Decay in India 300 to 1000 A.D).
10. Sharma, R.S. 1985 Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India.
11. Sharma, Y.D.1953 "Exploration of Historical Sites." Ancient India 9:116-169.

Paper: 304 - Harappan Culture

1. Unit 1. Pre/Early Harappan cultures of India
2. Unit 2. Mature Harappan cultures of India
3. Unit 3. Decline and the Late Harappan cultures of India
4. Unit 4. Harappan Culture and Cultures on its Periphery

Books Recommended :
1. Asthana, Shashi 1985. Pre-Harappan Cultures of India and Borderlands. New Delhi: Books
and Books
2. Chakrabarti, D.K. 1990. The External Trade of the Indus Civilization. New Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal.
3. Dales, G.F. and J.M. Kenoyer. 1986. Excavations at Mohenjo Daro: The Pottery.
Philadelphia: The University of Pennsylvania.
4. Fairservis, Walter, A. 1967. "The Origin, Character and Decline of an Early Civilization."
American Museum Novitates 2: 302:1-48.
5. Fairservis, Walter, A. 1992. The Harappan Civilization and its Writing. New Delhi: Oxford
and IBH Publishing Co.
19

6. Jarrige, J.F. and R.H. Meadow 1980. "The Antecedents of Civilizations in the Indus
Valley". Scientific American 243(2): 122-133.
7. Kenoyer, J.M. 1991. "The Indus Valley Traditions of Pakistan and Western India." Journal
of World Prehistory 5(4):331-385.
8. Kenoyer, J.M. 1992. "Harappan Craft Specialization and the Question of Urban
Segregation and Stratification. In V.N. Misra (ed.) The Eastern Anthropologist. 45 (1-2):3954. (The Indus Civilization Special Number).
9. Kenoyer, J.M. 1998. Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, Karachi: Oxford
University Press.
10. Lal, B.B. and S.P. Gupta (eds.) 1984. Frontiers of the Indus Civilization. New Delhi:
Books and Books.
11. Lal, B.B. 1999. The Saraswati flows on. Aryan Books: New Delhi.
12. Mughal, M.R. 1990. Further Evidence of the Early Harappan Culture in the Greater Indus
Valley. South Asian Studies 6:175-200.
13. Possehl, G.L. (ed.) 1979. Ancient Cities of the Indus. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing
House.
14. Possehl, G.L. 1980 Indus Civilization in Saurashtra. Delhi: B.R. Publishing House.
15. Possehl, G.L. (ed.) 1993 Harappan Civilization- A Recent Perspective. New Delhi:
Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.
16. Possehl, G.L. 1999. Indus Age- The Beginnings, New Delhi: Oxford and IBH.
17. Rao, S.R. 1963. "Excavations at Rangpur and Other Explorations in Gujarat." Ancient
India 18-19:5-207.
18. Rao, S.R. 1973. Lothal and the Indus Civilization. Bombay: Asia Publishing House.
19. Ratnagar, S. 1981. Encounters. The Westerly Trade of the Harappan Civilization. Delhi:
Oxford University Press.
20. Ratnagar, S. 1991. Enquiries into the Political Organization of Harappan Society. Pune:
Ravish Publishers.
21. Wheeler, R.E.M. 1968. The Indus Civilization. Third Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.

Paper: 305 - Introduction to Indian Archaeology**

1. Unit 1. Archaeology : aims and scope
2. Unit 2. The place of archaeology among the empirical and social sciences.
3. Unit 3. The archaeological record : its usefulness for reconstructing various aspects
of the past
4. Unit 4. Major aspects of New Archaeology and post-procession archaeology

Books Recommended :
1. Bell, J. 1994. Reconstructing Prehistory: Scientific Method in Archaeology, Philadelphia:
Temple University.
2. Binford, L.R. 1983. In Pursuit of the Past: Decoding the Archaeological Record. London:
Thames and Hudson.
3. Binford, L. R. 1973. An Archaeological Perspective. New York: Seminar Press.
4. Binford, L.R. 1983. Working at Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.
20

5. Binford, L.R. 1989. Debating Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.

6. Chakrabarti, D.K. 1988. A History of Indian Archaeology : From the Beginning to 1947.
New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
7. Childe, V.G. 1956. Piecing Together the Past: The Interpretation of Archaeological Data.
London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
8. Clark, J.G.D. 1939. Archaeology and Society. London: Methuen.
9. Clarke, J.G.D. 1982. The Identity of Man. London : Methuen.
10. Clarke, D.L. 1963. "Archaeology: the Loss of Innocence." Antiquity 47:6-8.
11. Daniel Glyn, The Origins and Growth of Archaeology
12. Daniel, Glyn E. 1975. 150 years of Archaeology. London: Duckworth.
13. Daniel, Glyn, E. 1981. A Short History of Archaeology. London : Thames and Hudson.
14. Embree, Lester 1987. "Archaeology: the Most Basic Science of All" Antiquity 61:75-78.
15. Fagan, B. 1988. In the Beginning: An Introduction to Archaeology. Glenview (Illinois):
Scott, Foresman and Company.
16. Hayden, Brian 1993. Archaeology: The Science of Once and Future Things. New York:
W.H. Freeman and Company.
17. Hodder, I. 1986. Reading the Past: Current Approaches to Interpretation in Archaeology.
2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. Hodder, Ian. 1999. The Archaeological Process: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell
Publishers.
19. Hole, F. and R. F. Heizer 1973. Introduction to Prehistoric Archaeology. New York: Holt,
Reinhart and Winston.
20. Knudson, S.J. 1978. Culture in Retrospect. Chicago: Rand McNally.
21. Kuznar, L.A. 1997. Reclaiming Scientific Anthropology. Walnut Creek, California:
Altamira Press.
22. Mishra,F., Researches in Archaeology and Conservation
23. Paddyya,K., New Archaeology and its Aftermath
24. Rao,S.R., Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries
25. Renfrew, C. and P. Bahn 1991. Archaeology: Theories and Methods and Practice.
London: Thames and Hudson.
26. Spaulding, A.C. 1960. "The Dimensions of Archaeology" in N. Hammond (ed.) Readings
in Archaeology and Physical Anthropology.
27. Trigger, Bruce. 1989. A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
28. Wheeler,R.E.M., Archaeology from the Earth

29303132-

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M. A. (SEMESTER- IV)
Group- A (Archaeology) Detailed Syllabus

Paper: 401 - Art and Iconography

21

1. Unit 1. Art of the Harappan Period, Mauryan, Sunga and Satavahana Art, Art during
the Kushana Period, Gupta-Vakataka Age, Post Gupta period.
2. Unit 2. Terracottas, Bronzes, Paintings and Miscellaneous
3. Unit 3. Iconography - Definition, Scope, importance; Origin of Iconography and its
sources,
Iconometry
4. Unit 4. Brahmanical Siava, Vishnava, Sakta, Solar, Ganapatya, Buddhist and Jaina
Iconography

Books Recommended:
1. Agrawal, V.S. 1948. Gupta Art. Lucknow: U.P. Historical Society.
2. Agrawal, V.S. 1965. Masterpieces of Mathura Sculptures. Varanasi: Prithvi Prakashan.
3. Agrawal, V. S., Indian Art
4. Asher, Catherine B. and Thomas R. Metcalf (Eds.). 1994. Perceptions of South Asia's
Visual Past. New Delhi/ Madras: American Institute of India Studies/ Swadharma Surajya.
5. Banerji, Arundhati 1994. Early Indian Terracotta Art. New Delhi: Harman Publishing
House.
6. Banerjee, J. N., The Development of Hindu Iconography
7. Benjamin Rowland, The Art and Architecture of India
8. Berkson, Carmel 1982. An Approach Towards Examining Style in the Cave Temple, in
Rupa Pratirupa (Alice Boner Commemoration Volume) [Bettina Baumer ed.], pp. 57-86,
New Delhi, Biblia Implex.
9. Battacharya, Benoytosh,The Indian Buddhist Iconography,
10. Bhattacharya, B. C., Jain Iconography
11. Brown, Percy, Indian Painting
12. Chakrabarti, Jayant 1980. Techniques in Indian Mural Painting. Calcatta: K. P. Bagchi
and Company.
13. Coomarswami, Ananda 1972. History of Indian and Indonesian Art. New Delhi:
Mushiram Manoharlal. (Indian edition.)
14. Dehejia, Vidya 1990. Art of Imperial Cholas. New: York: Columbia University Press.
15. Dehejia, Vidya 1997. Discourse in Early Buddhist Art: Visual Narrative of India New
Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
16. Dehejia, Vidya 1997. Indian Art. London: Phaidan Press.
17.Desai Kalpana, Iconograpy of Vishnu
18. Dhavalikar, M. K. 1978. Masterpieces of Indian Terracottas. Bombay: Taraporewala and
Sons.
19. Dwivedi, V. K. 1976. Indian Ivories. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan.
20. Ghosh, A., Ajanta Murals
21. Gupta, R. S., Iconography of the Hindus,Buddhists and Jains
22. Gupta, S.P. (Ed.) 1985. Kushan Sculptures from Sanghol: A Recent Discovery. New
Delhi: National Museum
23. Hallade, M. 1968. Gandhara Style and the Evolution of Buddhist Art. London: Thames
and Hudson.
24. Joshi, N.P. 1966. Mathura Sculptures. Mathura: Archaeological Museum.
22

25. Kala: Journal of Indian Art History Congress. Publisher: Indian Art History Congress,
Guwahati (Assam). Annual.
26. Khandalwala, Karl (Ed.) 1991. Golden Age: Gupta Art Empire, Province and Influence.
Bombay: Marg Publications.
27. Knox, Robert 1992. Amaravati: Buddhist Sculptures from the Great Stupa. London:
British Museum Press.
28. Koomaraswami, A. K., History of Indian and Indonesian Art.
29. Kramrisch, Stella 1933. Indian Sculpture. Calcutta: Y.M.C.A. Publication House.
30. Kramrisch, Stella 1965. The Art of India. London: Phaidon Press.
31. Mate, M. S. 1998. Prachin Kala Bharati. Pune: Continental Prakashan.
32. Motichandra 1957-58. Ancient Indian Ivories, Bulletin of the Prince of Wales Museum
(1957-58) Volume 6, pp. 4-63.
33. Nehru, Lolita 1989. Origins of Gandhara Style: A Study of Contirbutary Influences.
Delhi: Oxford University Press.
34. Parimoo, Ratan et al. (ed.) 1991. The Art of Ajanta: New Perspective. New Delhi: Books
and Books. (two volumes)
35. Rama, K. 1995. Buddhist Art of Nagarjunkonda. Delhi: Sandeep Prakashan.
36.Rao, T. Gopinath,Elements of Hindu Iconography
37. Ray, Nihararanjan. 1965. Maurya and Shanga Art. Calcutta: Indian Studies.
38. Ray, N. R., Maurya and Sunga Art
39. Saraswati, S. K. 1975. A Survey of Indian Sculpture. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
40. Schlingloff, Dieter 1988. Studies in the Ajanta Paintings: Identifications and
Interpretations. Delhi: Ajanta Publications.
41. Sharma, R.C. 1986. Mathura as School of Sculpture, in Dimension of Art (Papul Jayakar
Seventy), (Lokesh Chandra and Jotindra Jain Eds. ) pp. 407-416. Delhi:
Agam kala Prakashan
42. Sivaramamurti, C. 1962. Indian Bronzes. Bombay: Marg Publications.
43. Smith,V. A., History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon
44. Spink, Walter 1967. Ajanta to Ellora, Marg 20:8-67.
45. Stone, Elizabeth Rosen 1994. The Buddhist Art of Nagarjunkonda. (Buddhist Tradition
Series).Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidas.
46. William, Joanna Gottfried 1982. Art of Gupta India: Empire and Province. Princeton:
Princeton University Press.
47. Zimmer, H. 1964. The Art of Indian Asia. (2 vols.). New York: Bollingen Foundations
Inc.

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Paper: 402 - Heritage Conservation
1. Unit 1. Heritage of India, its kinds and architecture
2. Unit 2. Heritages functions, security, storage and conservation
3. Unit 3. Heritage Administration and marketing
4. Unit 4. Public Relation, Importance of Research and Studies of Heritage, World heritage
sites in India.

Books Recommended :
1. Berkson, Carmel 1982. An Approach Towards Examining Style in the Cave Temple, in
RupaPratirupa (Alice Boner Commemoration Volume) [Bettina Baumer ed.], pp. 57-86, New
Delhi, Biblia Implex.
2. Brown, Percy 1960. Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu). Bombay: D. B.
Taraporewala and Sons.
3. Burges and Fergusson,Cave Temple of Western India
4. Dehejia, Vidya 1972. Early Buddhist Rock Temples: A Chronological Study. London:
Thames and Hudson.
5. Dehejia, Vidya 1979. Early Stone Temples of Orissa. Delhi: Vikas Publishing House.
6. Deva,Krishna, Temples of India
7. Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture. (Volume 2, part 1) Varanasi/ Gurgaon:
American Institute of Indian Studies.
8. Kramrisch, Stella 1986. The Hindu Temple. (2 volumes). Reprint. Delhi: Motilal
Banarasidas.
9. Nagaraju, S. 1981. Buddhist Architecture of Western India. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan.
10. Parimoo, Ratan et al. (ed.) 1991. The Art of Ajanta: New Perspective. New Delhi: Books
and Books. (two volumes)
11. Sarkar, H. 1966. Studies in Early Buddhist Architecture of India. New Delhi: Munshiram
Manoharlal
12. Shrinivasan,K.R.,Temples of South India
13. Soundrajan,K.V.,Indian Temples Styles.
14. Spink, Walter 1967. Ajanta to Ellora, Marg 20:8-67.
15. Zimmer, H. 1964. The Art of Indian Asia. (2 vols.). New York: Bollingen Foundations
Inc.

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Paper: 403 Museology
1. Unit 1. Introduction to Museology
2. Unit 2. Collection, Documentation and Preservation
24

3. Unit 3. Museum Presentation/Exhibition

4. Unit 4. Museum Education and Communication

Books Recommended :
1. Agrawal, Usha, 1985, Museom In India a Directory, New Delhi
2. Agrawal, O.P., 1975, The small Museum, Museum Association of India
3. Agrawal, O. P., 1971, Museum Architecture, Museum Association of India
4. Agrawal, O. P., 1973, Documentation in Museum, Museum Association of India
5. Choudhari, R. D., Museum of India and their Mailodies, Delhi
6. Dwedi, V.P., & G. N. Pant, 1980, Museum and Museology, Delhi
7. Gairola, T. R, 1960, Handbook of Camical Conservation of Museum Objects, Baroda
8. Jahir, M., 1963, Museum Management, Allhabad

Paper: 404 - Iron Age in India

1. Unit 1. The beginning of Iron Age in India : Problems and various theories.
2. Unit 2. Origin of Megalithic Culture : various theories and explanations.
3. Unit 3. Megalithic burials : distribution, burial types, material equipment and socioeconomic aspects.
4. Unit 4. Painted Grey Ware Culture : distribution, characteristic features and various
theories
of Second urbanization

Books Recommended :
1. Agrawal, D.P. and D.K. Chakrabarty (ed.) 1979. Essays in Indian Protohistory. New Delhi:
D.K Publishers.
2. Antonini, Silva and G. Stacul 1972. Protohistoric Graveyards of Swat (Pakistan). Rome:
ISMEO.
3. Banerjee, N.R. 1965. The Iron Age in India. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
4. Brubaker, Robert. 2002. Aspects of Mortuary variability in the South Indian Iron Age.
Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute 60-61: 253-302.
5. Chakrabarti, D.K. 1992. Early Use of Iron in India. Bombay: Oxford University Press.
6. Chakrabarti, D.K. 1984. Study of the Iron Age in India. Puratattva 13:81-85.
7. Deo, S.B. 1973. Problem of South Indian Megaliths. Dharwad: Karnataka University.
8. Deo, S.B. 1985. The Megaliths: Their Culture, Ecology, Economy and Technology. In
Recent Advances in Indian Archaeology, S.B. Deo and K. Paddayya (eds.). Pune: Deccan
College.
9. Ghosh, A. 1973. The City in Early Historical India. Simla. Indian Institute of Advanced
Study.
10. Leshnik, Lawrence 1971. South Indian Megalithic Burial. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner
Verlag Gamh.
11. Mohanty,R.K., and S.R. Walimbe, 1993. A Demographic Approach to the Vidarbha
Megalithic Cultures Man and Environment, XVIII (2):93-103.
25

12. Mohanty,R.K. and V.Selvakumar,2002. The Archaeology of Megaliths in India:19471997, in Indian Archaeology in Retrospect,(S.Settar and R.Korisettar Eds.), New
Delhi:Manohar Publishers.Vol.1:313-52&479-81
12. Moorti, U.S. 1994. Megalithic Culture of South India: Socio- Economic Perspectives.
Varanasi: Ganga Kaveri Publishing House.
14. Narsimhaiah, B. 1980. Neolithic and Megalithic Cultures in Tamilandu. Delhi: Sandeep
Prakasan.
15. Renfrew, Colin. 1989. Archaeology and Language: Puzzle of Indo- European Origins.
London: Penguin Books.
16. Roy, T.N. 1983. The Ganges Civilization: A Critical Study of the PGW and NBPW
Periods of Ganga Plains of India. New Delhi: Ramanand Vidya Bhavan.
17. Sinha, B.P. 1968. Potteries in Ancient India. Patna: University Press.
18. Tripathi, Vibha. 1976. The Painted Grey Ware: an Iron Age Culture of Northern India.
Delhi: Concept Publishing House.

Paper: 405 - Antiquarian Laws

1. Unit 1. Legislation of antiquarian laws in India, Problems and implementation
2. Unit 2. The Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878; The Ancient Monuments and
Preservation Act,1904: The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and
Remains Rules, 1959, The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972; The Antiquities
and Art Treasures Rules, 1973
3. Unit 3. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment
and Validation) Act, 2010.
4. Unit 4. Awareness regarding Ordinances and Rules, State Archaeology Legislations.

Books Recommended :
1. Government of India, The Antiquities Art Treasures Act, 1972
2. Government of India, The Antiquities and Art Treasures Rules, 1973
3. Government of India, The Indian Treasures Trove Act, 1878
4. Government of India, The Antiquities Export Control Act, 1947
5. Government of India, Ancient Monument and Archaeological Remains and site Rules,
1958
6. Government of India, Ancient Monument and Archaeological Remains and Site Rules,
1959
7. Sarkar,H., Museums and Protection of Monuments and Antiquities in India.
8. Biswas, S. S. Protection of Cultural Heritage National Legislations and International
Conventions.

Paper: 406 - Basic Principles of Museology Foundation Course**

1. Unit 1. Museum and Education- correlation between Museums and Education,
meaning and definition of Museum Education
26

2. Unit 2. Storage, Handling and Preventive Conservation- Principles of museum

storage, storage conditions, storage accessibility, principles for collection
maintenance, proper environmental conditions
3. Unit 3. Collection Management & Documentation- theoretical and practical training
about the established international norms and practices of Museum Documentation
4. Unit 4. Museum Management and Administration, Exhibition.

Books Recommended:
1. Agrawal, Usha, 1985, Museom In India a Directory, New Delhi
2. Agrawal, O.P., 1975, The small Museum, Museum Association of India
3. Agrawal, O. P., 1971, Museum Architecture, Museum Association of India
4. Agrawal, O. P., 1973, Documentation in Museum, Museum Association of India
5. Choudhari, R. D., Museum of India and their Mailodies, Delhi
6. Dwedi, V.P., & G. N. Pant, 1980, Museum and Museology, Delhi
7. Gairola, T. R, 1960, Handbook of Camical Conservation of Museum Objects, Baroda
8. Jahir, M., 1963, Museum Management, Allhabad

Paper: 407 - Monograph/Project

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27