Laptop Chip Level Repair Classroom Notes PDF
Laptop Chip Level Repair Classroom Notes PDF
Laptop Chip Level Repair Classroom Notes PDF
Classroom Notes
http://laptoprepaircourse.in
Post: it will be check each and every component is connected properly .if connected then all
are working or not. Small beep sounds when post completed successfully.
Bios: 1.flat bios
2. Square bios
3.8 pin bios
Uses & requirements of bios:
1. Reorganization of hard disc, DVD, Cd, floppy drive, CPU and primary memory ram.
2. Booting priority purpose; booting is a process of transferring bootable files from secondary
memory (HD, DVD to primary memory (ram).
3. Security purpose.
Bootstrap founder is located in bios is used for searching the bootable files if bootable files
are found in DVD then it will goes to DVD (rom /ram)or if bootable files are found in
c:/>drive then it will goes to HD(hard disc) .
Manufactures of bios: 1.award max 8 opt 2.ami 3.pheonix 4.uni boar 8 opt
Enter bios setup:
1. Setup & always
2. Set supervisor password
3. Enter& then confirm password (twice need to enter password)
4. Select advanced option
5. Security priority setup
6. Always/system
7. F10 saves & exit.
Password forgot: to reset nil password –remove cmos-battery –start system (computer)-
then fix battery if not solved then reverse the polarity(+ -) of battery start then shutdown –fix
battery with correct polarity by this it should be done about reset to no password .
Os types:
Ram pins of laptop: laptop ram pins; 120,144 and 172 pins DDR (desktop 128 pins).
CPU voltage: dual core 1.75v or 1.5 v (1.5 v or 1.7 v) other CPU.
Monitor voltage: logical card 9v, LCD’s circuit board (logic card) input is 9v.
Inverter converts dc to ac as required for display tube light (top side one and another at
bottom) it is input 19v -9v (dc).
Output 110v-150v (ac) inverter voltages as required for led latest tft, LCD
HP PAVELION 18.5V,3.4 A
Display
F5
Fun 1. Display
k
Section
2. System
Switch to
Section
External
Display
Display problems:/trouble shooting
Hinges:
Hings
system
It supports led screen and folding purpose is doe.
INVERTER CIRCUIT : device fixed inside the display led to glow the tube
(lamp) tube requires ac system has dc hence an inverter converts dc to ac.
Logic card: system sends data to the display (led) screen logic card converters and display on
screen.
DISPLAY DATA CABLES:
To display
To inverter to
system
Connection connection
Fix to inverter
circuit
Interval layers:
1. White sheet layer (reflects white light)
2. Pixel layer (adjust the pixel)
3. Normal sheets (to control the brightness & contrast)
Aluminum coated layer: used to reflect the picture at screen side liquid layer make the focus
on the display.
ELECTRONICS: (fuse)
Collector (output)
Base (input)
Emitter (grounded)
Use:
TRANSISTOR TYPES:
collector
- + + -
N P N BASE
emitter
(-= N,+ + = P ,- - = N)
col
lector
1. PNP – transistor(10%is used)
Base
+ - - +
P N P emitter (+ - = P,- - = N, + = P)
Gate drain
source
Gate drain
source
Gate drain
Source
3.4 J FET
2. Germanium transistor
3. Power transistor
Germanium
silicon
Checking:
When current (I) flows in a conductor, magnetic fields 9lines of flux),radiate out & encircle it
energy in magnetic field generates a voltage in any conductor they more cross.
Back to inductor:
Coil http://laptoprepaircourse.in
Transformer‘t’:
EMF
Primary
Coil secondary coil
Conductor
230 v above 1K
3. Driver transformer:
230v 230v
Secondary + secondary=buzzer
And gate:(most used and gate ,one of the and names a&b.
A input A,B value then C
will be out put value.
C
B
INPUTS OUTPUT
A B C
0 0 0
Or gate:
A C
B
Not gate:
INPUTS OUTPUTS
A B
0 1
1 0
Nand gate:
A
C (not and)
B
INPUTS OUTPUT
A B C
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
N or gate:
A
C
B
EXCLUSIVE OR GATE:
Only one of its input should have voltage = 1
Ex: a logic /voltage 1 ,b logic /v 0 = c1
A
C A
INPUTS OUTPUTS A , 0,
B , 1 = C,1
A B C
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
NUMBERING SYSTEM:0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,a-11,b-12,c-13,d-14,e-15,f-16
1. Binary 2(0 t0 1)2
2. Octal 8(0 to 7)8
3. Decimal 10(0 to 9)10
4. Hexa decimal 16(0 to f)16
Decimal –binary:
1------------ 1
LHM
1310= 11012
A:1101
Binary to decimal:
1 1 0 1
20=(0 x 1) + 21=(2 x 0) + 22 =( 4 x 1 ) + 23 = ( 8 x 1)
(1 x 1 ) + (2 x 0 ) + (4 x 1 ) + (8 x 1 )
1 + 0 + 4 + 8 =13
A: 13
ADAPTOR:
230v 9v Laptop
voltage requirement AC DC
Input
step down
Ac power supply dc 140 v 140v dc
transformer
Input ac
230 ac
6. Next check ,1/2 or ¼ watt resistors closed ash value 0.5 if buzzard then resistor show
dead shot not working
8.3. Breaking
8.5. Burning
Bios setup before windows xp screen –key (del) branded laptops (f2) or (f10) changes store
(saved) in cmos battery HD hard disc doesn’t work check power cable .IDE interface (old)
or esata (new) jumper setting on HD .then HD working or not .
Inverter circuit trouble shooting .dull / dim display identify problem at ccfl or first check
inverter circuit then CCFL (lamp)
1. Check fuse 90 % of problem is of fuse .1.4 amp near the input connector type of fuse
'
Display logic card problems:
1. No display or white display
2. Color patches
3. Color missing
4. Color lines
5. Brightness & contrast
6. Half display
These all are prove to cable problem. Hence check the cable.
Connector:
Ex: logic card side plans are not working due to rust or the two sides of cable is not
working CLEAN it with isoprofile solution or Eraser (rubber)
Use multimeter turn to buzzer mode .check at two sides to make sure the connectivity is ok
then cable connection is perfect.
Trouble shooting:
1. White display or no display
2. Power section problem
2.1. Check fuse 1.4 amp
2.2. Check the coil
2.3. Check 8 pins IC
2.4. Check transistor
2.5. Check voltage ice burning
3. Color missing ,color patches
3.1. Check resistance pack, dry soldering
4. Brightness and contrast problem
4.1. Power section capacitor problem
4.2. Dry soldering all components even though problem not solved LCD is weak, replace
it.
5. Half display
5.1. Check buffer ICE burning /over heating
5.2. Check buffer ICE near capacitor
5.3. Adjust the preset even the problem is not solved, replace LCD.
SYSTEM SIDE:
No display:
1. RAM section
2. Power section
3. Charging section
4. Bios section
PROCESSOR:
No display:
1. Processor is not heating, the processor regulator voltage=1.34v if voltage is 1.34v then
processor is working else not processor section;
Install or upgrade graphical mode press <enter>key –CD/DVD check skip-HDB1, HDB2 to
4(drivers with c,d,e,f)/not drive has OS –create default layout for moment swap folder
should be 2x ram size.
Voltages :
1 Main voltage 3.3v(for all laptops)
2 Reset voltage 1.8 v (all)
3 Data voltage
4 0.9 v
No display problems:
Trouble shooting:
1 Check fuse
2 Check coil inductor
3 Dry solder capacitors
4 Check two 8 pin ICE’s
5 Voltage & ice burning
6 Controlling ice near coils & polarized capacitors (pc)
7 Check capacitors & resistors packs
8 Dry solder the RAM socket pins.
CHARGING SECTION-BATTERY:
Battery is not charging –remove battery, insert new/working battery .when battery is
charged/working. Problems is the battery if battery is not working /charging –problem is the
circuit board battery to system OS not working –battery is fine ,but system isn’t working
problem is circuit board(mother board ,logic card as to called)
Trouble shooting:
1 1st check main fuse
2 Next check 8 pins ic
3 Capacitors
4 Check charging ice
5 Check output coils
6 Dry solder the charging connector
Trouble shooting:
1 1st check fuse(green one)
2 Check 8 pins ic
3 Check voltage ic burnings
4 Check controlling ice
5 Check power switch voltage.
DVD drive:
Components:
On/off - switch
Trouble shooting:
No power:
1 Check fuse in logic card
2 Check transistors
3 Check voltage ice burning & its strips
CONCAVE LENSE,PRISM:
Bios basic input /output system: built in software that determines what a computer
can do
Without accessing programs from disc; contains all the code required to
control
Trouble shooting:
1 Booting problem
2 Display problem
I/O SECTION:
I/O input/output:any operation ,program ,or device whose purpose is to enter data into a
computer (cpu) or to extract data from a computer(cpu).
Lan card ,sound cad ,finger print reader ,webcam,wifi (wire less internet network ).TV
capture card and the external devices :key pad ,mouse pad ,hard disc (hdd).digital video
disc(DVD) +rw(rewritable)drive peripheral component interconnect (pci) least is a 64 bit bus
–slot ,usb-universal serial bus
USB –card reader –web cam –finger printer reader –TV capture
Usb trouble shooting:
WEB CAM:
WIFI:
Post: it will be check each and every component is connected properly .if connected then all
are working or not. Small beep sounds when post completed successfully.
Bios: 1.flat bios
2. Square bios
3.8 pin bios
Uses & requirements of bios:
1. Reorganization of hard disc, DVD, Cd, floppy drive, CPU and primary memory ram.
2. Booting priority purpose; booting is a process of transferring bootable files from secondary
memory (HD, DVD to primary memory (ram).
3. Security purpose.
Bootstrap founder is located in bios is used for searching the bootable files if bootable files
are found in DVD then it will goes to DVD (rom /ram)or if bootable files are found in
c:/>drive then it will goes to HD(hard disc) .
Manufactures of bios: 1.award max 8 opt 2.ami 3.pheonix 4.uni boar 8 opt
Enter bios setup:
8. Setup & always
9. Set supervisor password
10. Enter& then confirm password (twice need to enter password)
11. Select advanced option
12. Security priority setup
13. Always/system
14. F10 saves & exit.
Password forgot: to reset nil password –remove cmos-battery –start system (computer)-then
fix battery if not solved then reverse the polarity(+ -) of battery start then shutdown –fix
battery with correct polarity by this it should be done about reset to no password .
Os types:
Voltages in laptops: power adaptor input voltage 210v-230v ac bios main +3.3v bios clock
signal 1.5v to 1.8 v
Ram pins of laptop: laptop ram pins; 120,144 and 172 pins DDR (desktop 128 pins).
CPU voltage: dual core 1.75v or 1.5 v (1.5 v or 1.7 v) other CPU.
Monitor voltage: logical card 9v, LCD’s circuit board (logic card) input is 9v.
Inverter converts dc to ac as required for display tube light (top side one and another at
bottom) it is input 19v -9v (dc).
Output 110v-150v (ac) inverter voltages as required for led latest tft, LCD
HP PAVELION 18.5V,3.4 A
Display
F5
Fun 1. Display
k
Section
2. System
Switch to
Section
External
Display
Display problems:/trouble shooting
Hinges:
system Hings
INVERTER CIRCUIT : device fixed inside the display led to glow the tube
(lamp) tube requires ac system has dc hence an inverter converts dc to ac.
Logic card: system sends data to the display (led) screen logic card converters and display on
screen.
DISPLAY DATA CABLES:
To display
To inverter to
system
Connection connection
Fix to inverter
circuit
Interval layers:
4. White sheet layer (reflects white light)
5. Pixel layer (adjust the pixel)
6. Normal sheets (to control the brightness & contrast)
Aluminum coated layer: used to reflect the picture at screen side liquid layer make the focus
on the display.
Collector (output)
Base (input)
Emitter (grounded)
http://laptoprepaircourse.in
Use:
TRANSISTOR TYPES:
collector
- + + -
N P N BASE
emitter
(-= N,+ + = P ,- - = N)
Base
+ - - +
P N P emitter (+ - = P,- - = N, + = P)
Gate drain
source
Gate drain
source
Gate drain
Source
3.4 J FET
2. Germanium transistor
3. Power transistor
Germanium
silicon
Checking:
When current (I) flows in a conductor, magnetic fields 9lines of flux),radiate out & encircle it
energy in magnetic field generates a voltage in any conductor they more cross.
Coil
Transformer‘t’:
EMF
Primary
Coil secondary coil
Conductor
230 v above 1K
3. Driver transformer:
230v 230v
Secondary + secondary=buzzer
And gate:(most used and gate ,one of the and names a&b.
A input A,B value then C
will be out put value.
C
B
INPUTS OUTPUT
Or gate:
A C
B
Not gate:
INPUTS OUTPUTS
A B
0 1
1 0
Nand gate:
A
C (not and)
B
INPUTS OUTPUT
A B C
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
N or gate:
A
C
B
EXCLUSIVE OR GATE:
Only one of its input should have voltage = 1
Ex: a logic /voltage 1 ,b logic /v 0 = c1
A
C A voltage
(v) 1,B voltage 1 =c out put 0
B A ,0,
B , 0 = C , 0
INPUTS OUTPUTS A , 0,
B , 1 = C,1
A B C
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
NUMBERING SYSTEM:0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,a-11,b-12,c-13,d-14,e-15,f-16
1. Binary 2(0 t0 1)2
2. Octal 8(0 to 7)8
3. Decimal 10(0 to 9)10
4. Hexa decimal 16(0 to f)16
Decimal –binary:
LHM
1310= 11012
A:1101
Binary to decimal:
1 1 0 1
20=(0 x 1) + 21=(2 x 0) + 22 =( 4 x 1 ) + 23 = ( 8 x 1)
(1 x 1 ) + (2 x 0 ) + (4 x 1 ) + (8 x 1 )
1 + 0 + 4 + 8 =13
A: 13
ADAPTOR:
Adaptor the circuiting required to support a particular device input power (voltage) supplied
230 v ac generates output 19v dc power (voltage) supplied.
230v 9v Laptop
voltage requirement AC DC
Input
Input ac
Line Input Main Switch Outp
230 ac Filter rectifier filter section rectif
Then +40 19v d
pure
Oscillator
section ic
ADAPTOR TROUBLE SHOOTING: On/off
6. Next check ,1/2 or ¼ watt resistors closed ash value 0.5 if buzzard then resistor show
dead shot not working
8.3. Breaking
8.5. Burning
Bios setup before windows xp screen –key (del) branded laptops (f2) or (f10) changes store
(saved) in cmos battery HD hard disc doesn’t work check power cable .IDE interface (old)
or esata (new) jumper setting on HD .then HD working or not .
Inverter circuit trouble shooting .dull / dim display identify problem at ccfl or first check
inverter circuit then CCFL (lamp)
2. Check fuse 90 % of problem is of fuse .1.4 amp near the input connector type of fuse
6. Check transformers input voltages on top two legs they should have same v.
These all are prove to cable problem. Hence check the cable.
Connector:
Use multimeter turn to buzzer mode .check at two sides to make sure the connectivity is ok
then cable connection is perfect.
Trouble shooting:
6. White display or no display
7. Power section problem
7.1. Check fuse 1.4 amp
7.2. Check the coil
7.3. Check 8 pins IC
7.4. Check transistor
7.5. Check voltage ice burning
8. Color missing ,color patches
8.1. Check resistance pack, dry soldering
9. Brightness and contrast problem
9.1. Power section capacitor problem
9.2. Dry soldering all components even though problem not solved LCD is weak, replace
it.
10. Half display
10.1. Check buffer ICE burning /over heating
10.2. Check buffer ICE near capacitor
10.3. Adjust the preset even the problem is not solved, replace LCD.
SYSTEM SIDE:
No display:
1. RAM section
2. Power section
3. Charging section
4. Bios section
PROCESSOR:
No display:
1. Processor is not heating, the processor regulator voltage=1.34v if voltage is 1.34v then
processor is working else not processor section;
Install or upgrade graphical mode press <enter>key –CD/DVD check skip-HDB1, HDB2 to
4(drivers with c,d,e,f)/not drive has OS –create default layout for moment swap folder
should be 2x ram size.
Voltages :
5 Main voltage 3.3v(for all laptops)
6 Reset voltage 1.8 v (all)
7 Data voltage
No display problems:
Trouble shooting:
9 Check fuse
10 Check coil inductor
11 Dry solder capacitors
12 Check two 8 pin ICE’s
13 Voltage & ice burning
14 Controlling ice near coils & polarized capacitors (pc)
15 Check capacitors & resistors packs
16 Dry solder the RAM socket pins.
CHARGING SECTION-BATTERY:
Problems:
Battery is not charging –remove battery, insert new/working battery .when battery is
charged/working. Problems is the battery if battery is not working /charging –problem is the
circuit board battery to system OS not working –battery is fine ,but system isn’t working
problem is circuit board(mother board ,logic card as to called)
Trouble shooting:
7 1st check main fuse
8 Next check 8 pins ic
9 Capacitors
10 Check charging ice
11 Check output coils
12 Dry solder the charging connector
Trouble shooting:
6 1st check fuse(green one)
7 Check 8 pins ic
8 Check voltage ic burnings
9 Check controlling ice
10 Check power switch voltage.
DVD drive:
Components:
On/off - switch
Trouble shooting:
Not reading/writing:
8 Use isoprofile on bud to clean the lens
9 Check sensor
10 Check logic card power switch
11 Check spindle motor
12 Lenses motor
13 Check logic output resistors
14 Check power &data strip even though if the problem is not solved replace the lense
No power:
4 Check fuse in logic card
5 Check transistors
6 Check voltage ice burning & its strips
CONCAVE LENSE,PRISM:
Bios basic input /output system: built in software that determines what a computer
can do
Without accessing programs from disc; contains all the code required to
control
Trouble shooting:
10 Booting problem
11 Display problem
12 System password forgotten
13 Keyboard &mouse not functioning
14 Bios setting problem
15 Error message
16 Cpu problem (fan)
17 Hanging & shutdown problem
18 Bios wires problem
I/O SECTION:
I/O input/output:any operation ,program ,or device whose purpose is to enter data into a
computer (cpu) or to extract data from a computer(cpu).
Trouble shooting:
USB –card reader –web cam –finger printer reader –TV capture
WEB CAM:
WIFI: