Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) : A Short Review
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) : A Short Review
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) : A Short Review
ABSTRACT
Diagnosis of disease now a days is mostly laboratory dependent. Due to recent advances in
medical science and molecular biology, most of the diagnosis of uncommon, complicated,
unusual presentation of disease has left the option of molecular diagnosis as the number one
diagnostic modalities. Many molecular techniques are now being widely used throughout the
world including PCR, flow cytometry, tissue microarray, different blots, and genetic diagnosis.
Among these PCR is the most widely accepted, commonly used diagnostic modalities with very
high specificity and sensitivity for correct diagnosis. We have reviewed the principle,
application, advantages and disadvantages of PCR in laboratory diagnosis of disease.
Key words: PCR, Molecular techniques, Review
Introduction
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a new,
popular molecular biology technique for
enzymatically replicating DNA without using a
living organism, such as E. coli or yeast. The
technique allows a small amount of the DNA
molecule to be amplified many times, in an
exponential manner. With more DNA available,
analysis is made much easier. PCR is commonly
used in medical and biological research labs for
a variety of tasks, such as the detection of
hereditary diseases, the identification of genetic
fingerprints, the diagnosis of infectious diseases,
the cloning of genes, paternity testing, and DNA
computing1. The technique was developed in
1983 by Kary Mullis, PCR is now a common
and important technique used in medical and
biological research labs for a variety of
applications. These include DNA cloning for
sequencing, DNA-based phylogeny, or
functional analysis of genes; the diagnosis of
hereditary diseases; the identification of genetic
fingerprints (used in forensic sciences and
paternity testing); and the detection and
diagnosis of infectious diseases. In 1993, Mullis
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