ANUE SCENARIOS Heynen Mobile Backhaul
ANUE SCENARIOS Heynen Mobile Backhaul
ANUE SCENARIOS Heynen Mobile Backhaul
Outlook
Infonetics
Synchronization
Mobile
Timing Requirements
Transport
Service
Freq. offset
QoE Impact
Voice-band Fax/Modem
Ethernet (conventional)
Not applicable
Wireless backhaul
< 50 ppb
Dropped calls
Stratum 1 Traceable
Stratum
Designed:
to synchronize clocks across packet based networks
as an improvement to NTP (hundreds of s accuracy)
Originally developed for industry applications in 2002
Extended with the Telecom Profile to 1588v2 in 2008
Frequency synchronization AND time-of-day over PSN
End to End (only Master, Slave need to be exchanged)
Affected by network load (PDV)
PTP Master
t1
PTP Slave
Timestamps
known by Slave
Sync
Delay-Req
t2
t1; t2
t3
t1; t2; t3
t4
Delay-Resp
PTP Operation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
One-Step Clock
- Timestamp t1 is already
embedded in Sync message
PTP Master sends a Sync packet to the slave and notes the time t1
PTP Slave receives the Sync packet and notes the time of reception t2
PTP Slaves sends a Delay-Request packet to the PTP Master and notes the time t3 at which it was sent
PTP Master receives the Delay-Request packet and notes the time of reception t4
PTP Master conveys to the PTP Slave the timestamp t4 by embedding it in a Delay-Response packet
PTP Master
t1
PTP Slave
Timestamps
known by Slave
Sync
Follow-Up
t2
t2
t1; t2
Delay-Req
t3
t1; t2; t3
t4
Delay-Resp
PTP Operation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7
PTP Master measures when the Sync packet is leaving the master clock
PTP Master sends a Follow-Up packet with the measured time t1 to the PTP Slave
PTP Slave receives the Follow-Up packet and notes the time of reception t2
PTP Slaves sends a Delay-Request packet to the PTP Master and notes the time t3 at which it was sent
PTP Master receives the Delay-Request packet and notes the time of reception t4
PTP Master conveys to the PTP Slave the timestamp t4 by embedding it in a Delay-Response packet
PTP Master
t1
Transparent Clock
PTP Slave
Sync
1
Timestamps
known by
Slave
Sync
Follow-Up
Follow-Up
t2 t2
2
t3
Delay-Req
3
t4
Delay-Resp
t1; t2
t1; t2; t3
Delay-Req
Delay-Resp
t1; t2; t3; t4
Grandmaster
Boundary Clock
PTP
Slave
Clock
Correction
PTP
Master
Oscillator
Transparent
Clock
Slave
Clock
Boundary Clock
Boundary clocks have more than two network interfaces and separates different PTP domains.
Against the Grandmaster the boundary clock is seen as Slave while it acts within his domain as
Master.
It is not recommended to cascade boundary clocks as this would cause none linear errors
accumulating.
Synchronization messages from the Grandmaster will be used to synchronize the boundary clock and
not forwarded to the clocks within the domain.
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Time-of-Day
Allow timing to be supported in non-synchronous packet network
(i.e. already deployed packet switched networks)
Can operate thru/over another service provide network
Easier
Accuracy
Performance
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11
Ethernet (SyncE)
1 0
1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
t
1 0 0
1 1 0
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EEC
max 20x
SSU
EEC
max 20x
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SSU
Port 1
EEC
Port 2
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Port 1
EEC
Port 2
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Requires
Cannot
16
Wander
17
Basic
premises:
Both the reference and clock being analyzed have same nominal period
This nominal period may require that one (or both) are divided down
The nominal value for x(n) is zero (or a constant)
The
discrete-time signal {x(n)} is the Time Error (TE) and is the basis for
quantifying the performance of the clock (relative to reference)
{x(n)}
[x(n+k)
18
18
Wander - MTIE
MTIE
Buffer
Buffer size > MTIE() implies that overflow/underflow unlikely in any interval <
MTIE()
Buffer size = MTIE() implies that overflow/underflow occurs approx. every seconds
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Observations:
monotonically increasing with
linear increase indicates freq. offset
for very small , MTIE() related to jitter
for medium , MTIE() related to wander
for large , indicates whether locked
Wander - TDEV
TDEV
x ( ) = TDEV ( ) =
for n=1, 2,...,
1
6n 2 ( N 3n + 1)
N 3n
j =0
+
(
x
2
x
x
)
i +2n
i+ n
i
i
=
j
n + j 1
N3
Conventional
Definition
Note: x(k) xk
x ( )
TDEV suppresses initial phase and frequency offset and quantifies the
strength of the frequency drift and noise components
TDEV is related to the power-spectrum of the noise
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Slave Clock
T1/E1/10MHz
T1/E1/10MHz
Ref to Master
1G/10G Ethernet
PTP Master
timing flow
PTP Slave
Test scenario:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Slave Clock
T1/E1/10MHz
T1/E1/10MHz
Ref to Master
1G/10G Ethernet
PTP Master
timing flow
PTP Slave
Test scenario:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Ref Clk
Slave
PEC/IWF
100M/1G/10G
Ethernet (PTP/CES)
100M/1G/10G
Ethernet (PTP/CES)
PEC/IWF
Master
E1/T1
timing flow
Test scenario:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
24
T1/E1/10MHz
Ref to Master
1G/10G Ethernet
Test scenario:
1.
2.
3.
4.
25
Slave Clock
T1/E1/10MHz
T1/E1/10MHz
Ref to Master
1G/10G Ethernet
Test scenario:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
26
T1/E1/10MHz
Ref to Master
1G/10G Ethernet
1G/10G Ethernet
SyncE EEC
Test scenario:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Founded in 2002
Headquartered in Austin, TX
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