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    Reaction of Paramecium To Stimulus

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    Honey Grace Bayron
    1. Paramecium exhibit various taxis behaviors in response to stimuli. They aggregate at the top of test tubes in response to gravity (negative geotaxis). They also accumulate in shaded areas of petri dishes in response to light (positive phototaxis). Paramecium move toward acid solutions, demonstrating positive chemotaxis. 2. When Paramecium encounter an obstacle, they move backward and turn slightly before moving forward again to clear their path (avoidance reaction). 3. Paramecium exhibit directed movement behaviors in response to various stimuli, including gravity, light, chemicals, and touch. These taxic responses help Paramecium find favorable environments and avoid unfavorable conditions.

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    Reaction of Paramecium To Stimulus

    Uploaded by

    Honey Grace Bayron
    2K views3 pages
    1. Paramecium exhibit various taxis behaviors in response to stimuli. They aggregate at the top of test tubes in response to gravity (negative geotaxis). They also accumulate in shaded areas of petri dishes in response to light (positive phototaxis). Paramecium move toward acid solutions, demonstrating positive chemotaxis. 2. When Paramecium encounter an obstacle, they move backward and turn slightly before moving forward again to clear their path (avoidance reaction). 3. Paramecium exhibit directed movement behaviors in response to various stimuli, including gravity, light, chemicals, and touch. These taxic responses help Paramecium find favorable environments and avoid unfavorable conditions.

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    Reaction of Paramecium to Stimulus

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    1. Paramecium exhibit various taxis behaviors in response to stimuli. They aggregate at the top of test tubes in response to gravity (negative geotaxis). They also accumulate in shaded areas of petri dishes in response to light (positive phototaxis). Paramecium move toward acid solutions, demonstrating positive chemotaxis. 2. When Paramecium encounter an obstacle, they move backward and turn slightly before moving forward again to clear their path (avoidance reaction). 3. Paramecium exhibit directed movement behaviors in response to various stimuli, including gravity, light, chemicals, and touch. These taxic responses help Paramecium find favorable environments and avoid unfavorable conditions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2K views3 pages

    Reaction of Paramecium To Stimulus

    Uploaded by

    Honey Grace Bayron
    1. Paramecium exhibit various taxis behaviors in response to stimuli. They aggregate at the top of test tubes in response to gravity (negative geotaxis). They also accumulate in shaded areas of petri dishes in response to light (positive phototaxis). Paramecium move toward acid solutions, demonstrating positive chemotaxis. 2. When Paramecium encounter an obstacle, they move backward and turn slightly before moving forward again to clear their path (avoidance reaction). 3. Paramecium exhibit directed movement behaviors in response to various stimuli, including gravity, light, chemicals, and touch. These taxic responses help Paramecium find favorable environments and avoid unfavorable conditions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Name: Honey Grace S.

    Bayron
    Course & Year: BS Bio 3
    Date Performed: August 30, 2016

    Execise No. 1

    The Reaction of Paramecium to Various Stimuli


    Guide Questions:

    1. What is kinesia, and how is this different from taxis?


    Kinesis is the movement of an organism in response to positive and negative stimulation.
    The difference between kinesis and taxis is that with taxis it is the directional locomotion of an
    organism in response to the stimulus wherein organisms move away a negative taxis or towards a positive
    taxis while kinses is an animals non-directional response to a stimulus in which organisms wont move
    towards or away from the stimulus but rather, will show random movements to be in a comfortable piece.
    (http://www.revolvy.com/stage/index.php?s=Kinesis%20(biology)&item_type=topic)
    ( http://wikidiff.com/kinesis/taxis)
    ( http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-kinesis-and-vs-taxis/)

    2. a) In which portions of the upright test tube do Paramecium tend to aggregate. Explain.
    Paramecium tend to aggregate at the top portion of the upright test tube. The experiment showed
    that Paramecia exhibit a similar negative response to this magnetically simulated gravity environment as
    they do in centrifugation experiments. Their self-propulsion is greater when swimming against the simulated
    gravity force than when swimming with it. The gravikinetic response is linear from simulated 5 to 5 g and
    becomes nonlinear at higher simulated gravities. The gravikinetic factor obtained for the linear regime agrees
    with previous centrifugation results When the simulated gravity approaches 10 g, most paramecia orient
    antiparallel to the force direction and on average propel without advancing.
    (http://www.pnas.org/content/103/35/13051.full)

    b) What is geotaxis? Are the Paramecium positively or negatively geotactic.


    Geotaxis is a living creature's ability to move by orienting itself by gravitational forces.
    Paramecia is said to be negatively geotactic. Paramecia in a test tube tend to place themselves
    with the anterior ends directed upward and swim toward the top of the container.

    (https://books.google.com.ph/books?
    id=JB_pBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA232&lpg=PA232&dq=are+the+paramecium+positively+or+negatively+ge
    otactic&source=bl&ots=HdSQqrgOR2&sig=ftwp0X_ysFIpKZehMSUOEQXZe24&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0
    ahUKEwjC8_qI_PXOAhVEk5QKHcvYAKcQ6AEIRTAI#v=onepage&q=are%20the%20paramecium
    %20positively%20or%20negatively%20geotactic&f=false)
    c) Is there any other factor which may account for the observed aggregation of Paramecia in the test
    tube?
    Paramecium exhibits a linear response up to fgm = 5 g, modifying its swimming as it would in the
    hypergravity of a centrifuge. Moreover, experiments from fgm = 0 to 5 g show that the response is symmetric,
    implying that the regulation of the swimming speed is primarily related to the buoyancy of the cell.
    (http://www.pnas.org/content/103/35/13051.full)

    3. a) At which half of the petri dish are Paramecium most numerous.


    To the side where light did not penetrated much. Specimen of Paramecia were found to respond
    visible light. They accumulate themselves in the shaded region (photodispersal) of a half shaded petri dish
    during 2 min of exposure to visible light.
    (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1983.tb04494.x/abstract)
    b) What is phototaxis? Are the Paramecium negatively or positively phototactic?
    Phototaxis is the ability of an organism to move directionally in response to a light source. Yes,
    Paramecium are said to be positively photactic but with a certain condition with a light having a
    wavelength of 440 nm the velocity was highest, while the frequency was lowest, specimen will not show
    photataxis.
    (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1983.tb04494.x/abstract)

    c) Could this taxis be demonstrated with the tube in a vertical positioned? Explain.
    No, phototaxis cannot be demonstrated in vertical cuvette. In darkness, in the absence of gaseous
    gradients, most cells swims straight upwards. While in a horizontal cuvette the transition between positive
    and negative phototaxis is found at about 1.5 W m-2 an excess of 30 W m -2 is required to reverse the
    upward swimming (due to the combined stimulus of negative gravitaxis and positive phototaxis) in a
    vertical cuvette.
    (http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF0041528)

    d) Distinguish taxis from a tropism.


    Taxis is the directional locomotion of an organism in response to the stimulus while tropism is he
    turning of an organism in response to a stimulus either towards or away from the stimulus.

    4. Describe what happens when the Paramecium bumps against something. Illustrate with arrows the
    direction of the movement of Paramecium after it has bumped the thread.
    When a Paramecia encounters a strong stimulus may it be chemical or physical and ends up
    turning itself to 360 degrees to locate an escape route.

    (http://www.ebiomedia.com/the-biology-classics-paramecium-behavior.html)
    5. What is thigmotaxis?
    Thigmotaxis is an organism's response to the stimulus of contact or touch.

    6. What was the reaction of Paramecium to an obstacle in its path? What kind of behavior does it suggest?
    Avoidance reaction is the behavior Paramecium possess when it encounters an obstacle. In which
    Paramecium moves not only in forward direction but also moves backward whenever it comes across an
    object. The animal moves backward and will take a slight turn and moves forward again until its path is
    cleared with barriers.
    (http://vle.du.ac.in/mod/book/print.php?id=13172&chapterid=28469)
    7. What is chemotaxis?
    Chemotaxis is characterized as the bacterial movements in response to certain chemicals in their
    environment. This movement is often directed towards favorable chemicals or away from favorable
    chemicals.
    (http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0001251.html)
    (https://www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiologytextbook/microbial-genetics-7/sensing-and-signal-transduction-91/chemotaxis-490-6641/)
    8. Does the acid solution cause a positive or negative response in the Paramecium?
    Paramecium exhibit positively chemotactic response to acid solutions and it is also according to
    (Jennings, 1906; Dryl, 1959, a) as the bacteria tends to create a slightly acid environment around
    themselves. Paramecia discharges tiny thread-like objects called trichocysts that can cling to the object to
    stabilize its position so that optimal feeding may occur.
    (http://www.ebiomedia.com/the-biology-classics-paramecium-behavior.html)
    (http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/27465/1/16(4)_P553-563.pdf)

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