Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity units is W/(m K) in the SI system and Btu/(hr ft F) in the Imperial
system.
Thermal conductivity for common materials and products:
Material/Substance
Acetone
Acetylene (gas)
Acrylic
Air, atmosphere (gas)
Air, elevation 10000 m
Agate
Alcohol
Aluminum
Aluminum Brass
Aluminum Oxide
Ammonia (gas)
Antimony
Apple (85.6% moisture)
Argon (gas)
Asbestos-cement board
Asbestos-cement sheets
Asbestos-cement
Asbestos, loosely packed
Asbestos mill board
Asphalt
Balsa wood
Bitumen
Bitumen/felt layers
Beef, lean (78.9 % moisture)
Benzene
Beryllium
Bismuth
Bitumen
Blast furnace gas (gas)
Boiler scale
Brass
Breeze block
Brick dense
Brick, fire
Thermal Conductivity
-kW/(m K)
Temperature - oC
25
125
Acetals
0.23
0.16
0.018
0.2
0.024
0.020
10.9
0.17
205
215
250
121
30
0.022
18.5
0.39
0.016
0.744
0.166
2.07
0.15
0.14
0.75
0.048
0.17
0.5
0.43 - 0.48
0.16
218
8.1
0.17
0.02
1.2 - 3.5
109
0.10 - 0.20
1.31
0.47
225
Material/Substance
Brick, insulating
Brickwork, common (Building
Brick)
Brickwork, dense
Bromine (gas)
Bronze
Brown iron ore
Butter (15% moisture content)
Cadmium
Calcium silicate
Carbon
Carbon dioxide (gas)
Carbon monoxide
Cast iron
Cellulose, cotton, wood pulp and
regenerated
-kW/(m K)
Temperature - oC
25
125
0.15
0.6 -1.0
1.6
0.004
110
0.58
0.20
92.1
0.05
1.7
0.0146
0.0232
58
0.23
Cellulose acetate, molded, sheet
0.17 - 0.33
Cellulose nitrate, celluloid

Cement, portland
Cement, mortar
Chalk
Charcoal
Chlorinated poly-ether
Chlorine (gas)
Chrome Nickel Steel (18% Cr, 8 %
Ni)
Chromium
Chrom-oxide
Clay, dry to moist
Clay, saturated
Coal
Cobalt
Cod (83% moisture content)
Coke
Concrete, lightweight
Concrete, medium
Concrete, dense
Concrete, stone
Constantan
0.12 - 0.21
0.29
1.73
0. 09
0.084
0.13
0.0081
16.3
94
0.42
0.15 - 1.8
0.6 - 2.5
0.2
69
0.54
0.184
0.1 - 0.3
0.4 - 0.7
1.0 - 1.8
1.7
23.3
225
-kW/(m K)
Temperature - oC
Material/Substance
25
125
Copper
401
400
398
Corian (ceramic filled)
1.06
Cork board
0.043
Cork, re-granulated
0.044
Cork
0.07
Cotton
0.04
Cotton wool
0.029
Carbon Steel
54
51
47
Cotton Wool insulation
0.029
Diamond
1000
Diatomaceous earth (Sil-o-cel)
0.06
Diatomite
0.12
Duralium
129
Earth, dry
1.5
Ebonite
0.17
Emery
11.6
Engine Oil
0.15
Ethane (gas)
0.018
Ether
0.14
Ethylene (gas)
0.017
Epoxy
0.35
Ethylene glycol
0.25
Feathers
0.034
Felt insulation
0.04
Fiberglass
0.04
Fiber insulating board
0.048
Fiber hardboard
0.2
o
Fire-clay brick 500 C
1.4
Fluorine (gas)
0.0254
Foam glass
0.045
Dichlorodifluoromethane R-12 (gas) 0.007
Dichlorodifluoromethane R-12
0.09
(liquid)
Gasoline
0.15
Glass
1.05
Glass, Pearls, dry
0.18
Glass, Pearls, saturated
0.76
Glass, window
0.96
Glass, wool Insulation
0.04
Glycerol
0.28
225
-kW/(m K)
Temperature - oC
Material/Substance
25
125
Gold
310
312
310
Granite
1.7 - 4.0
Graphite
168
Gravel
0.7
Ground or soil, very moist area
1.4
Ground or soil, moist area
1.0
Ground or soil, dry area
0.5
Ground or soil, very dry area
0.33
Gypsum board
0.17
Hairfelt
0.05
Hardboard high density
0.15
Hardwoods (oak, maple..)
0.16
Helium (gas)
0.142
Honey (12.6% moisture content)
0.5
Hydrochloric acid (gas)
0.013
Hydrogen (gas)
0.168
Hydrogen sulfide (gas)
0.013
o
o
Ice (0 C, 32 F)
2.18
Ingot iron
47 - 58
Insulation materials
0.035 - 0.16
Iodine
0.44
Iridium
147
Iron
80
68
60
Iron, wrought
59
Iron, cast
55
Iron-oxide
0.58
Kapok insulation
0.034
Kerosene
0.15
Krypton (gas)
0.0088
Lead Pb
35
Leather, dry
0.14
Limestone
1.26 - 1.33
Lithium
301
Magnesia insulation (85%)
0.07
Magnesite
4.15
Magnesium
156
Magnesium alloy
70 - 145
Marble
2.08 - 2.94
Mercury, liquid
8.3
Methane (gas)
0.030
225
Material/Substance
Methanol
Mica
Milk
Mineral wool insulation materials,
wool blankets ..
Molybdenum
Monel
Neon (gas)
Neoprene
Nickel
Nitric oxide (gas)
Nitrogen (gas)
Nitrous oxide (gas)
Nylon 6, Nylon 6/6
Oil, machine lubricating SAE 50
Olive oil
Oxygen (gas)
Palladium
Paper
Paraffin Wax
Peat
Perlite, atmospheric pressure
Perlite, vacuum
Phenolic cast resins
Phenol-formaldehyde moulding
compounds
Phosphorbronze
Pinchbeck
Pitch
Pit coal
Plaster light
Plaster, metal lath
Plaster, sand
Plaster, wood lath
Plasticine
Plastics, foamed (insulation
materials)
Platinum
Plutonium
Plywood
Polycarbonate
-kW/(m K)
Temperature - oC
25
125
0.21
0.71
0.53
225
0.04
138
26
0.046
0.05
91
0.0238
0.024
0.0151
0.25
0.15
0.17
0.024
70.9
0.05
0.25
0.08
0.031
0.00137
0.15
0.13 - 0.25
110
159
0.13
0.24
0.2
0.47
0.71
0.28
0.65 - 0.8
0.03
70
6.7
0.13
0.19
71
72
-kW/(m K)
Temperature - oC
Material/Substance
25
125
Polyester
0.05
Polyethylene low density, PEL
0.33
Polyethylene high density, PEH
0.42 - 0.51
Polyisoprene natural rubber
0.13
Polyisoprene hard rubber
0.16
Polymethylmethacrylate
0.17 - 0.25
Polypropylene, PP
0.1 - 0.22
Polystyrene, expanded styrofoam
0.03
Polystyrol
0.043
Polyurethane foam
0.03
Porcelain
1.5
Potassium
1
Potato, raw flesh
0.55
Propane (gas)
0.015
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
0.25
Polyvinylchloride, PVC
0.19
Pyrex glass
1.005
Quartz mineral
3
Radon (gas)
0.0033
Red metal
128
Rhenium
71
Rhodium
88
Rock, solid
2-7
Rock, porous volcanic (Tuff)
0.5 - 2.5
Rock Wool insulation
0.045
Rosin
0.32
Rubber, cellular
0.045
Rubber, natural
0.13
Rubidium
58
Salmon (73% moisture content)
0.50
Sand, dry
0.15 - 0.25
Sand, moist
0.25 - 2
Sand, saturated
2-4
Sandstone
1.7
Sawdust
0.08
Selenium
0.2
Sheep wool
0.039
Silica aerogel
0.02
Silicon cast resin
0.15 - 0.32
Silicon carbide
15.2
225
Material/Substance
Silicon oil
Silver
Slag wool
Slate
Snow (temp < 0oC)
Sodium
Softwoods (fir, pine ..)
Soil, clay
Soil, with organic matter
Soil, saturated
-kW/(m K)
Temperature - oC
25
125
0.1
429
0.042
2.01
0.05 - 0.25
135 (solid)
86 (liquid)
0.12
1.1
0.15 - 2
0.6 - 4
Soot
0.07
Steam, saturated
0.0184
Steam, low pressure

Steatite
Steel, Carbon 1%
Stainless Steel
Straw slab insulation, compressed
Styrofoam
Sulfur dioxide (gas)
Sulfur, crystal
Sugars
Tantalum
Tar
Tellurium
Thorium
Timber, alder
Timber, ash
Timber, birch
Timber, larch
Timber, maple
Timber, oak
Timber, pitchpine
Timber, pockwood
Timber, red beech
Timber, red pine
Timber, white pine
Timber, walnut
0.0188
2
43
16
0.09
0.033
0.0086
0.2
0.087 - 0.22
54
0.19
4.9
38
0.17
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.16
0.17
0.14
0.19
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.15
17
225
19
-kW/(m K)
Temperature - oC
Material/Substance
25
125
Tin Sn
67
Titanium
22
Tungsten
174
Uranium
27.6
Urethane foam
0.021
Vacuum
0
Vermiculite granules
0.065
Vinyl ester
0.25
Water
0.58
Water, vapor (steam)
0.016
Wax
0.084
Wheat flour
0.45
White metal
35 - 70
Wood across the grain, white pine 0.12
Wood across the grain, balsa
0.055
Wood across the grain, yellow pine,
0.147
timber
Wood, oak
0.17
Wool, felt
0.07
Wood wool, slab
0.1 - 0.15
Xenon (gas)
0.0051
Zinc Zn
116
225
1 W/(m K) = 1 W/(m oC) = 0.85984 kcal/(h m oC) = 0.5779 Btu/(ft h oF) = 0.048 Btu/
(in h oF)
Unit converter - thermal conductivity
What is conductive heat transfer?
Example - Conductive Heat Transfer through an Aluminum Pot versus a

Stainless Steel Pot
The conductive heat transfer through a pot wall can be calculated as
q / A = k dT / s
where
q / A = heat transfer per unit area (W/m2)
k = thermal conductivity (W/mK)
dT = temperature difference (oC)

s = wall thickness (m)
Conductive Heat Transfer through an Aluminum Pot Wall with thickness 2 mm temperature difference 80oC
Thermal conductivity for aluminum is 215 W/(m K) (from the table above). Conductive heat
transfer per unit area can be calculated as
q / A = (215 W/(m K)) (80 oC) / (2 10-3 m)
= 8600000 (W/m2)
= 8600 (kW/m2)
Conductive Heat Transfer through a Stainless Steel Pot Wall with thickness 2 mm temperature difference 80oC
Thermal conductivity for stainless steel is 17 W/(m K) (from the table above). Conductive
heat transfer per unit area can be calculated as
q / A = (17 W/(m K)) (80 oC) / (2 10-3 m)
= 680000 (W/m2)
= 680 (kW/m2)

Thermal Conductivity

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Thermal Conductivity

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Thermal conductivity units is W/(m K) in the SI system and Btu/(hr ft F) in the Imperial

Cellulose acetate, molded, sheet

Cellulose nitrate, celluloid

Steam, low pressure

Unit converter - thermal conductivity

What is conductive heat transfer?

Example - Conductive Heat Transfer through an Aluminum Pot versus a

dT = temperature difference (oC)

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