Wheel Over Point

WHEEL OVER POINT (GEOMETRICAL) :
1. Calculate Radius of Turn (ROT) by the Formula:

Radius, R = Avg. speed x 0.96
ROT
Where Avg speed and ROT is decided by the Master as per the maneuvering characteristics of
the vessel.
2. Construction :
a) Draw two arcs, one on the old course and one on the new course by taking any point as centre
along the course line. Radius of these areas should be the above calculated radius.
b) Draw two tangents to these arcs by transferring the corresponding course line.
c) The point of intersection of these two tangents is the centre from which the arc is drawn to cut
the old and the new course. This arc is the curve to follow at the given rate of turn and the average speed,
Radius of these arc is the same calculated "R".
d) However, the vessel will take some distance to respond, which is called the "F" factor. This is
equal to one ship's length, approx.
e) Transfer the new course line to a point on the old course line which is at a distance of one
ships length from the curve. This is called wheel over line.
Example :
Radius, R = Avg. speed x 0.96
ROT
R = 15 kts x 0.96 = 1 NM.
15
http://www.conversion-website.com/length/meter_to_nautical_mile.html
Using the online converter calculator on this page, you can calculate how many nautical miles are in "X"
meters (X is the number of meters you want to convert to nautical miles).
1 meter (m) is equal to 5.399568034557236E-4 nautical miles (nmi)
1 nautical mile (nmi) is equal to 1852.0 meters (m)
In order to convert a value from meters to nautical miles (from m to nmi), simply type the number of meters to
be converted to nautical miles into the box provided and then click on the convert button. To convert from a
unit of length other than meter, go to All length conversions.
Meters to nautical miles conversion table / chart

The conversion table to the right is a default, short
version of the meters to nautical miles conversion table.
You also have an option to create the meters to nautical
miles conversion table for the specific values you need.
You can choose the initial value (in meters), the
increment and the number of rows you want to show up
in the conversion table. To create your customized
meters to nautical miles conversion table, click on the
"create conversion table" button.
meter
(m)
10
20
30
40
50
nautical mile (nmi)
0.0053995680345572
0.010799136069114
0.016198704103672
0.021598272138229
0.026997840172786
CREATE
CONVERSION TABLE
Conversion formula
The formula for converting a specific value from meters to nautical miles is:
X meters * cf = Y nautical miles
where
X = the specific value to be converted (in meters)
cf = the conversion factor from meters to nautical miles
Y = the result (in nautical miles)
Sample calculation: let's suppose that you have a value of length of 508 meters and want to express it in
nautical miles.
508 m = (508 x 5.399568034557236E-4) nmi
508 m = 0.27429805615550756 nmi
Related unit conversions
If you want to do the reverse unit conversion from nautical miles to meters, go to: convert from nautical miles
to meters
To convert from meters to any other length/distance unit, go to: convert from meters
See also
Meter definition
Nautical mile definition
1 meter = 0.0005399 nautical mile
Wheel Over Position How to calculate the position?
in Passage Planning 53 comments
Planning
Passage Planning : Wheel Over Positions
When operating a large passenger vessel, or in fact any vessel with a high CoG, its of paramount
importance that the OOW (Officer of the Watch) recognises the relationship between rate of turn,
speed and turn radius and how the resultant heeling/list. Due to the relatively high centre of
gravity, and sensitivity to movement of the self loading freight (passengers), you will often
restrict yourself to 5 degrees rate of turn or less at full sea speed. Rudder commands of more
then 1 or 2 degrees are absolutely prohibited in normal conditions, and emergency manouevres
have to be conducted with appreciation for the injuries and damage that could be caused
onboard.
The downside to low rates of turn is the increased turn radius, and having to plan carefully where
you will commence your turn. If you are operating on moderate to high speed runs in near
coastal waters such as in the Baltic, you will need to plan ahead your wheel over points. Here is a
quite guide to constructing wheel over points quickly.
First calculate your turn radius: ships speed 20 kts / wheel 5 degrees = 4 x 0.96 = 3.84 nm
Radius = (Speed / Rate of Turn) x 0.96
Radius = ( 20 kn / 5 degrees RoT) x 0.96
Radius = 3.84 nautical miles
1 meter = 0.0005399 nautical mile
ex. 300 mtrs vsl x 0.0005399 =
0.16197 nm dist run after wheel/over
1. Construct your course line as depicted.
2. Draw two parallel indexes at R distance from your course line inside the turn.
3. Where the two parallel indices meet, this is your datum.

4. Take a pair of Pencil Compass, and spread them to 3.84nm distance.
5. Draw the turn radius onto your course using the Pencil Compass from the datum point.
6. F = your ships length. On a 300m vessel this is around 0.16 nautical miles. From applying
helm it will take roughly one ships length for the turn to commence.
7. Your wheel over point is approximately F distance from where the turn radius intersects with
your initial course.
To download in PDF Format click here: www.zenithocean.com/files/wheelover.pdf
Tags: calculation, chartwork, cruise ship, passage planning, planning, radius, rate of turn, turn
radius, turning, wheel over, wheel over point, WO position

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WHEEL OVER POINT (GEOMETRICAL) :

1. Calculate Radius of Turn (ROT) by the Formula:

Meters to nautical miles conversion table / chart

nautical mile (nmi)

1 meter = 0.0005399 nautical mile

Wheel Over Position How to calculate the position?

in Passage Planning 53 comments

1. Construct your course line as depicted.

3. Where the two parallel indices meet, this is your datum.

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