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    AP Physics B Formulas

    Uploaded by

    José Luis Salazar Espitia
    This document provides formulas for key concepts in physics across several domains: 1) Newtonian mechanics formulas include relationships between displacement, velocity, acceleration, net force, friction force, centripetal acceleration, torque, momentum, impulse, kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, work, power, spring force, spring potential energy, and period of springs and pendulums. 2) Fluid mechanics and thermal physics formulas include relationships involving pressure, buoyant force, fluid flow continuity, Bernoulli's principle, ideal gas law, gas molecule velocity, and thermal work and efficiency. 3) Electricity and magnetism formulas cover electrostatic force, field, and potential energy, charge and capacitance, energy stored in

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    AP Physics B Formulas

    Uploaded by

    José Luis Salazar Espitia
    5K views5 pages
    This document provides formulas for key concepts in physics across several domains: 1) Newtonian mechanics formulas include relationships between displacement, velocity, acceleration, net force, friction force, centripetal acceleration, torque, momentum, impulse, kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, work, power, spring force, spring potential energy, and period of springs and pendulums. 2) Fluid mechanics and thermal physics formulas include relationships involving pressure, buoyant force, fluid flow continuity, Bernoulli's principle, ideal gas law, gas molecule velocity, and thermal work and efficiency. 3) Electricity and magnetism formulas cover electrostatic force, field, and potential energy, charge and capacitance, energy stored in

    Original Description:

    This is a simple sheet to study formulas for the AP Physics B exam made by CollegeBoard.

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    This document provides formulas for key concepts in physics across several domains: 1) Newtonian mechanics formulas include relationships between displacement, velocity, acceleration, net force, friction force, centripetal acceleration, torque, momentum, impulse, kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, work, power, spring force, spring potential energy, and period of springs and pendulums. 2) Fluid mechanics and thermal physics formulas include relationships involving pressure, buoyant force, fluid flow continuity, Bernoulli's principle, ideal gas law, gas molecule velocity, and thermal work and efficiency. 3) Electricity and magnetism formulas cover electrostatic force, field, and potential energy, charge and capacitance, energy stored in

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    5K views5 pages

    AP Physics B Formulas

    Uploaded by

    José Luis Salazar Espitia
    This document provides formulas for key concepts in physics across several domains: 1) Newtonian mechanics formulas include relationships between displacement, velocity, acceleration, net force, friction force, centripetal acceleration, torque, momentum, impulse, kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, work, power, spring force, spring potential energy, and period of springs and pendulums. 2) Fluid mechanics and thermal physics formulas include relationships involving pressure, buoyant force, fluid flow continuity, Bernoulli's principle, ideal gas law, gas molecule velocity, and thermal work and efficiency. 3) Electricity and magnetism formulas cover electrostatic force, field, and potential energy, charge and capacitance, energy stored in

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 5
    At a glance
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    Some of the key takeaways from the document include formulas and concepts related to mechanics, fluid mechanics and thermal physics, and electricity and magnetism.

    Some important concepts in mechanics include kinematics equations like displacement, velocity, and acceleration, Newton's second law relating force and acceleration, work and energy concepts like kinetic and potential energy.

    Some important concepts in fluid mechanics and thermal physics include pressure, buoyancy, Bernoulli's principle relating pressure and velocity of a fluid, the ideal gas law relating pressure, volume, temperature and moles of a gas.

    AP Physics B Formula Study Sheet

    NEWTONIAN MECHANICS
    displacement is a change in
    Δx = area under v-t graph position; velocity is the rate
    Kinematics of change of displacement,
    Δv = area under a-t graph acceleration is the rate of
    change of velocity
    the sum of all forces is
    Net Force Fnet = ma proportional to mass x
    acceleration
    the friction force is
    Friction force Ff = μFN proportional to the coefficient
    of friction x the normal force
    the acceleration of an object
    v2
    centripetal acceleration ac =
    r
    experiencing UCM is equal to
    the speed2 / the radius
    torque is equal to the
    torque τ = rF perpendicular distance x the
    force
    momentum is equal to mass x
    momentum p = mv velocity
    impulse is equal to the change
    impulse J = FΔt = mΔv in momentum

    1 kinetic energy is ½ mass x


    kinetic energy K= 2 mv2 velocity2

    gravitational potential gravitational potential energy


    Ug = mgh is mass x gravitational field x
    energy height
    work is the energy done by an
    mechanical work W = FΔx external force moving
    through a displacement
    power (general Wnet power is the rate of energy
    P= transfer
    definition) ∆t

    power in terms of power is the rate at which an


    P = Fv external force moves through
    velocity a displacement
    the force in a spring is equal
    to the spring constant x the
    spring force Fs = kΔx amount of stretch or
    compression of the spring
    1
    the energy stored in a spring
    spring potential energy Us = 2 kΔx2 = ½ x spring constant x the
    stretch or compression
    the period of a spring depends
    m
    period of a spring Ts = 2π
    k
    on mass and spring constant
    (not amplitude)
    the period of a pendulum
    l
    period of a pendulum Tp = 2π
    g
    depends on length and
    gravitational field
    relationship between period and 1 period and frequency are
    frequency T= f reciprocals of each other
    any two masses exert a
    gravitational force between Gm 1 m 2
    any two objects with mass
    FG = r2
    gravitational force on each
    other
    gravitational potential energy any 2-mass system near has
    Gm 1 m 2 potential energy
    between any two objects with UG = r
    mass

    FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMAL PHYSICS

    absolute pressure in a
    P = P0 + ρgh
    fluid
    gage pressure P = ρgh
    buoyant force Fbouy = ρVg

    fluid flow continuity A1v1 = A2v2

    volume flow rate A1v1


    1
    P + ρgy + 2 ρv2 =
    Bernoulli’s principle
    constant
    pressure (general F
    P=
    definition) A

    ideal gas law PV = nRT = NkBT


    3
    internal energy in a gas Kavg = 2 kBT
    velocity of a gas 3RT 3k B T
    vrms = = µ
    molecule M

    W = PΔV or area under


    thermal work
    graph
    change in internal
    ΔU = Q + W
    energy
    Wnet
    efficiency (general) e= Qin
    TH − TC
    ideal (Carnot) efficiency ec = TH
    ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

    kq1 q 2
    Electrostatic force Fe = r2
    kq1
    Electrostatic field E= r2
    Electrostatic potential kq 1q 2
    Ue =
    energy r
    kq 1
    Electrostatic potential V= r

    Charge on a capacitor Q = VC
    ε0 A
    Capacitance C= d
    Energy stored in a
    UC = ½ QV = ½ CV2
    capacitor
    ∆Q
    Current (definition) I= ∆t
    ρl
    Resistance of a wire R= A

    Ohm’s Law V = IR
    V2
    Power in a circuit P = IV = R
    = I2R
    Equivalent resistor for
    Req = R1 + R2 + …
    series
    Equivalent resistor for  1 1 
    −1

    Req = 
     R + R +... 

    parallel  1 2 

    Equivalent capacitance for  1 1 


    −1

    Ceq = 
     C + C +... 

    series  1 2 

    Equivalent capacitance for


    Ceq = C1 + C2 +…
    parallel
    Magnetic force on a
    moving charge in a FB = qvBsinθ
    magnetic field
    Magnetic force on a
    current carrying wire in FB = BIlsinθ
    a magnetic field
    Magnetic field around a µ0 I
    B= 2πr
    current carrying wire
    Magnetic flux Φm = BAcosθ
    Average EMF generated ∆ Φm
    by a changing magnetic −
    εavg = ∆t
    field
    EMF generated by a
    loop moving into or out ε = Blv
    of a magnetic field
    Force BIl’s qvB

    ε Blvd when the flux is changing.


    Take ast
    WAVES AND OPTICS

    Velocity of a wave v = fλ
    c
    Index of refraction n= v

    Snell’s Law n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2


    n1sinθ1 = n2sin90 or
    Critical angle n2
    sinθc = n1
    1 1 1
    Mirror & lens equation +
    si s o
    =
    f
    hi s
    Magnification M= =− i
    ho so

    Focal length in terms of R


    f=
    radius of curvature 2

    Diffraction pattern path


    mλ = dsinθ
    difference
    Diffraction pattern mλL
    xm =
    spacing d

    ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

    Energy of a photon E = hf = pc
    Maximum kinetic energy
    -φ + hf = Kmax
    of an emitted electron
    deBroglie wavelength of h
    λ=
    an emitted electron p

    Rest energy of a mass ΔE = (Δm)c2

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