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    Arthur Cotton

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    Muthyala Akhil
    Arthur Cotton was a British general and irrigation engineer who devoted his life to constructing irrigation and navigation canals throughout British India in the 19th century. Some of his most notable works included the Godavari Anicut completed in 1852, which irrigated large tracts of previously arid land, and the Krishna Aqueduct completed in 1855. Cotton is still honored today in parts of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu for his pioneering irrigation projects that helped develop agriculture and alleviate famines.

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    Arthur Cotton

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    Muthyala Akhil
    266 views4 pages
    Arthur Cotton was a British general and irrigation engineer who devoted his life to constructing irrigation and navigation canals throughout British India in the 19th century. Some of his most notable works included the Godavari Anicut completed in 1852, which irrigated large tracts of previously arid land, and the Krishna Aqueduct completed in 1855. Cotton is still honored today in parts of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu for his pioneering irrigation projects that helped develop agriculture and alleviate famines.

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    Arthur Cotton was a British general and irrigation engineer who devoted his life to constructing irrigation and navigation canals throughout British India in the 19th century. Some of his most notable works included the Godavari Anicut completed in 1852, which irrigated large tracts of previously arid land, and the Krishna Aqueduct completed in 1855. Cotton is still honored today in parts of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu for his pioneering irrigation projects that helped develop agriculture and alleviate famines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    266 views4 pages

    Arthur Cotton

    Uploaded by

    Muthyala Akhil
    Arthur Cotton was a British general and irrigation engineer who devoted his life to constructing irrigation and navigation canals throughout British India in the 19th century. Some of his most notable works included the Godavari Anicut completed in 1852, which irrigated large tracts of previously arid land, and the Krishna Aqueduct completed in 1855. Cotton is still honored today in parts of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu for his pioneering irrigation projects that helped develop agriculture and alleviate famines.

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    Arthur Cotton was a British general and irrigation engineer who devoted his life to constructing irrigation and navigation canals throughout British India. Some of his major projects included the Godavari Anicut and the Krishna Aqueduct. He is still honored today in parts of Andhra Pradesh for his efforts in expanding irrigation.

    Arthur Cotton was a British engineer who served in India in the 19th century. He worked to build irrigation systems and canals across India to help with famine relief and expand agricultural lands. Some of his most notable projects include the Godavari Anicut and works on the Krishna and Cauvery rivers.

    Arthur Cotton worked on various irrigation projects across India during his career. Some of his major projects included constructing the Upper Dam on the Cauvery River, the Godavari Anicut, and the Krishna Aqueduct. He also proposed broader plans to interconnect major rivers across India to help with drought relief.

    Arthur Cotton

    For other people named Arthur Cotton, see Arthur his reports. In 1821 he was appointed for service in India,
    Cotton (disambiguation).
    where he was initially attached to the Chief Engineer to
    Madras. He was later appointed as an Assistant Engineer
    General Sir Arthur Thomas Cotton KCSI (15 May to Superintending Engineer of the Tank Department.
    1803 24 July 1899) was a British general and irrigation Cotton conducted a marine survey of the Pamban passage between India and Ceylon. He was promoted to the
    engineer.
    Cotton devoted his life to the construction of irrigation rank of Captain in 1828, and was put in charge of Inand navigation canals throughout British India. His dream vestigation for the Cauveri Scheme. He started working
    was only partially realized, but he is still honored in parts to remove the soil settling in Kallanai dam and with the
    of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu for his eorts.[1] Sir model of Kallanai dam he built the Upper Dam in Cauveri
    Arthur Cotton museum has been built in his honour in in Mukkombu near Tiruchirapalli and success of these
    Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh. The museum holds ap- projects paved the way for great projects on the Godavari
    proximately 100 images and 15 machine tools that Cotton and Krishna Rivers.
    used when constructing the barrage in Andhra Pradesh Sir Cotton once told, after analyzing the Kallanai dam
    from 1847 to1852.
    and the basement of the dam, they learned how to build
    basement in place full of bed of sand. In 1844 Cotton
    He entered the Madras Engineers in 1819, and fought in
    recommended the construction of "Anicut (dam )" and
    the First Burmese War. He was knighted in 1861.
    prepared plans for Visakhapatnam port. In 1847 the work
    An evangelist, he was the father of Elizabeth Hope.
    on the Godavari Anicut was started.

    In 1848 he proceeded to Australia due to ill health and


    handed over the charge to Captain Orr. In 1850 he returned to India and was promoted Colonel. He succeeded
    in completing the magnicent project on Godavari river
    at Dowleswaram in 1852.

    Biography

    After completing the Godavari Anicut Cotton shifted his


    attention to the construction of the Aqueduct on Krishna
    River. The project was sanctioned in 1851 and completed
    by 1855. After completing the Krishna and Godavari Anicuts, Cotton envisaged the storage of Krishna and Godavari river waters.
    In 1858 Cotton came up with still more ambitious proposals connecting almost all major rivers of India and suggested drought relief measures in Odisha and interlinking
    of canals and rivers. Arthur Cotton was retired from the
    service in 1860 and was knighted in 1861 and left India.
    In 1862 and 1863 he visited India and oered advice on
    some river valley projects.
    Tombstone of Sir Arthur Cotton

    His work in India was so much appreciated and honored


    with K.C.S.I (Knight Commander of the Order of the Star
    Arthur Cotton was born on 15 May 1803 at Combermere, of India) in 1877. He became a much revered gure in the
    the tenth son of Henry Calvely Cotton, uncle of the noted state of Andhra Pradesh for his contribution in irrigating
    Field Marshal Lord Combermere,[2] and one of eleven the area of land also known as Konaseema.
    brothers. In 1818, aged 15, he became a cadet at the East
    India Company's military seminary at Addiscombe, Sur- In India due to his contributions the new barrage conrey. He passed out in December 1819, and was commis- structed across River Godavari upstream side of the
    sioned Second Lieutenant in the Madras Engineer Group. Anicut was also named after him and dedicated to the
    Nation by the Honorable Prime Minister of India, Indira
    He started his career with the Ordnance Survey at Bangor, Gandhi in 1982.
    North Wales, in January 1820, where he was praised for
    1

    4 SEE ALSO

    Cotton is revered in the Godavari District for making


    it the 'rice bowl' of Andhra Pradesh. Cotton is widely
    known as the 'Delta Architect' of the Godavari District
    because of his pioneering work in irrigation engineering
    through his construction of the anicut system. He died on
    24 July 1899.

    3 His works

    Assessment

    Cotton was hated by his administrative superiorsthanks


    to his loving attitudes towards the people of India.[3] At
    one point impeachment proceedings were initiated by his
    superiors for his dismissal[4]
    Oldest Dowlaiswaram Dam constructed by Sir Arthur Cotton on
    Going through the famine and cyclone-ravaged districts
    of Godavari, Cotton was distressed by the sight of famished people of the Godavari districts.[5] It was then that
    he put in process his ambitious plans to harness the waters
    of the mighty Godavari for the betterment of the humanity.

    Godavari river to control oods.

    John Henry Morris in Godavari [6] writes about the work


    of Cotton:
    The Godavari anicut is, perhaps, the noblest feat of engineering skill which has yet
    been accomplished in British India. It is a gigantic barrier thrown across the river from island to island, in order to arrest the unprofitable progress of its waters to the sea, and to
    spread them over the surface of the country on
    either side, thus irrigating copiously land which
    has hitherto been dependent on tanks or on the
    tful supply of water from the river. Large
    tracts of land, which had hitherto been left arid
    and desolate and waste, were thus reached and
    fertilized by innumerable streams and channels.

    Dowleswaram Barrage near Rajahmundry on River Godavari

    In 1878, Cotton had to appear before a House of Commons Committee to justify his proposal to build an anicut
    across the Godavari.[7] A further hearing in the House
    of Commons followed by his letter to the then Secretary Sunset View at Dowleswaram barrage
    of State for India reveals his ambition to build the anicut
    across the Godavari. His letter concluded: My Lord, one
    The Godavari Canal System
    days ow in the Godavari river during high oods is equal
    [8]
    to one whole years ow in the Thames of London.
    The Ganges Canal
    Cotton almost despaired at the British Governments procrastination in taking along this project.
    Dowleswaram Barrage
    That Government of India's plans to interlink rivers was
    long envisioned by Cotton is a fact.[9]

    2.1

    Homage

    Pindaparadhanam (pinda) was oered as homage to the


    Arthur Cotton during 2015 Godavari Maha Pushkaram
    by Palakollu MLA Nimmala ramanaidu.[10]

    4 See also
    List of dams and reservoirs in India
    Charles Phillip Brown, another westerner who is
    beloved by Telugu people, an administrator and patron of Telugu

    3
    Sir Sydney John Cotton (17921874), elder brother
    Rev. Richard Lynch Cotton (17941880), elder
    brother
    Dr. K.L. Rao
    Dr. K. Sriramakrishnaiah

    References

    [1] Hope, Elizabeth; Digby, William (2005). General Sir


    Arthur Cotton his life and work. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 4. ISBN 81-206-1829-7.
    [2] Smithers, A.J. (1998). Honorable Conquests: An account
    of the enduring work of the Royal Engineers throughout the
    Empire. Pen and Sword. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-4738-15322.
    [3] Please refer to Gautam Desirajus letter to Current Science
    [4] Gautam Desiraju op. cit.
    [5] The District of Godavari: Before and After Arthur Cotton
    worked his Magical Change p.77
    [6] Descriptive and Historical Account of Godavari District
    in Madras Presidency page 109
    [7] S. Gurumurthi in the Business Line Godavari: Still a
    sleeping beauty
    [8] Gurumurthi op. cit.
    [9] Refer to Ch. Prashant Reddys article in the Business Line
    [10] http://www.andhrajyothy.com/Artical?SID=131189

    Further reading
    Lady Hope (1900). General Sir Arthur Cotton, His
    Life and Work (Reprint by Asian Educational Services ).
    Ch. Prashant Reddy in the Business Line (16 July
    2003). National water grid - A hundred-year-old
    plan (Business Line).
    S. Gurumurthi in the Business Line (14 October
    2002). Godavari - Still a sleeping beauty (Business Line).
    Avilash Roul (14 March 2006). "INDIA'S WATER
    FUTURE - Are Interbasin Water Transfers a Solution? in Eco-World.
    Gautam R. Desiraju (10 August 2003). "Sir Arthur
    Cotton - Correspondence with Current Science
    (PDF) 85 (3).

    Hots, Susan. (2008). Cotton, General Sir Arthur


    Thomas. in Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 2: 1830
    1890. p. 195-199.ISBN 9780727735041.
    Vibart, H.M. (1894). Addiscombe: its heroes and
    men of note. Westminster: Archibald Constable.
    pp. 34351.

    7 External links
    Works by or about Arthur Cotton at Internet Archive
    Works by Arthur Cotton at LibriVox (public domain
    audiobooks)
    RootsWeb page on Sir Arthur Cotton
    Marble bust of Sir Arthur Cotton
    General Sir Arthur Cotton R.E. K.C.S.I. His Life
    and Work by his daughter (Lady Hope)
    The Study of Living Languages by Sir Arthur Cotton
    Public Works in India by Sir Arthur Cotton
    Arabic Primer by Sir Arthur Cotton
    Arabic Primer (audiobook) by Sir Arthur Cotton at
    LibriVox

    8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

    Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

    8.1

    Text

    Arthur Cotton Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Cotton?oldid=728508543 Contributors: Phoebe, Joy, Duncharris, H-2-O,


    Necrothesp, Klemen Kocjancic, Sasank, Rich Farmbrough, Bender235, Deacon of Pndapetzim, Vedant, Gene Nygaard, Rjwilmsi, Ground
    Zero, Bgwhite, Jpbowen, NicholasJB, Carabinieri, SmackBot, By78, Chris the speller, Alexsoddy, T-borg, Mlpkr, Skinsmoke, Hu12,
    Grbpradeep, ChrisCork, Preethi Evangeline, Saintrain, Mattisse, Bobblehead, IndianGeneralist, MER-C, Waacstats, Philg88, Plindenbaum, Frickeg, Dormskirk, Steven J. Anderson, Roland zh, Kingbird1, thelwold, Kumioko, Lab125, DragonBot, LeoFrank, Simplonicity, Vvgpkumar, RogDel, Wikivedalankara, Addbot, Rajesh.patchala, GSMR, Cst17, Tassedethe, Netnag, Lightbot, Yobot, 1exec1, Green
    Cardamom, Tom.Reding, Varmapak, Anthony Winward, RjwilmsiBot, John of Reading, AvicBot, GrindtXX, Sarat Chandra M, Kwdt2,
    Adityamadhav83, Danorooney, BG19bot, Vickyavw, Scottaleger, Chaniljain, BattyBot, Cloptonson, Ajaykumar0001, VIAFbot, Faizan,
    Evano1van, Dpushkar89, Logical1004, OccultZone, Lakun.patra, PREMJIT KUMAR, KasparBot, Bradype, Mnmtennis and Anonymous:
    16

    8.2

    Images

    File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?


    File:Dowleswaram_Barrage.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Dowleswaram_Barrage.jpg License:
    CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Chaniljain
    File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
    File:Oldest_Dowlaiswaram_Dam_constructed_By.jpg Source:
    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Oldest_
    Dowlaiswaram_Dam_constructed_By.jpg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Chaniljain
    File:Sir_Arthur_Cotton_Tombstone.jpg Source:
    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Sir_Arthur_Cotton_
    Tombstone.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Danorooney
    File:Speaker_Icon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg License: Public domain Contributors: No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims). Original artist: No machine-readable
    author provided. Mobius assumed (based on copyright claims).
    File:Sunset_View_at_Godavari.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Sunset_View_at_Godavari.jpg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Chaniljain
    File:Wikisource-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0
    Contributors: Rei-artur Original artist: Nicholas Moreau

    8.3

    Content license

    Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

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