10 Design and Construction of A Small Ammonia Heat Pump Monfared
10 Design and Construction of A Small Ammonia Heat Pump Monfared
10 Design and Construction of A Small Ammonia Heat Pump Monfared
Introduction (1/2)
Water-to-water heat pump (ground source)
Low charge of ammonia
7 kW heating capacity at -5 C and +40 C evaporation and condensation
temperatures
Both tap water heating and space heating
Enough for a single-family house in central Sweden
Compact design
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Introduction (2/2)
Between 1994 and 2008, more than 800000 heat pumps were sold in
Sweden
Share of small heat pumps installed in single-family houses is much larger
than other types of heat pumps
In Swedish market, commercially built heat pumps for single-family houses
have 5 kW to 10 kW heating capacity
About 90% of annual required heating and 60% of required heating power in
the coldest days of heating season are covered
Common refrigerants for ground source heat pumps in Sweden are R407C,
R404A, R134a, and R290 (propane)
R404A
R134a
R290
R717
ODP
<0.0003
<0.0003
<0.0005
GWP (100-yr)
1700
3800
1300
20
<1
Volumetric efficiency
t 2 k 18 k2 P2
s = k1.(1 + k s
).e
100
s
k
t 2 k 18
= (1 + ke
).e
100
(a
t1 + 273.15
+b )
t 2 + 273.15
R407C
R404A
R134a
R290
R717
COP1
3.73
3.68
3.52
3.96
3.91
P1 (bar)
16.3
18.3
10.2
13.7
15.6
P2 (bar)
4.31
5.19
2.44
4.06
3.55
t1k (C)
65.4
54.4
63.1
55.9
134.2
Assumptions
t 2 k 18 k2 P12
s = k1.(1 + k s
).e
100
Results
t + 273.15
s
k
t 2 k 18 ( a t12 + 273.15 +b )
= (1 + ke
).e
100
Evaporator
3!D model
Scaled 3-D drawing in AutoCAD
Plan to place the components in a
limited space
Test conditions
Compressor speed 1500 rpm and 800 rpm
Condensation temperature 40 C
Evaporation temperature -13 C to +5 C
Water leaving desuperheater 60 C
Brine temprature change 3K
Results (Qdesup/Qcond)
Discharge temperature
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Results (COP)
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Conclusions
A small ammonia heat pump with desirable performance has been built and
tested in a range of evaporation temperatures at two compressor speeds.
The heating capacity and the compact design of the heat pump make it
suitable for space heating and tap water heating of single-family houses.
For the safety reasons in domestic applications, through compact design and
using minichannel heat exchanger as evaporator, the heat pump works with
low amount of refrigerant.
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Future work
Redesigning the evaporator
Measuring power after inverter and motor
Reducing the charge more
Installing the heat pump in a house
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References (1/2)
Ammonia in low capacity refrigeration and heat pump systems. Palm, Bjrn.
2008. 4, s.l. : Elsevier Ltd and IIR, 2008, International Journal of
Refrigeration, Vol. 31, pp. 709-715. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2007.12.006.
Design and test of a domestic heat pump with ammonia as refrigerant.
Monfared, B A and Palm B. 2011. Proceedings of the 4th IIR conference on
Ammonia Refrigeration Technology, Ohrid.
Fernando, Primal. 2007. Experimental Investigation of Refrigerant Charge
Minimisation of a Small Capacity Heat Pump. Department of Energy
Technology, Royal Institute of Technology. Stockholm : Royal Institute of
Technology, KTH, 2007. PhD Thesis. ISBN: 978-91-7178-569-5.
Forsn, Martin. 2009. kad anvndning av vrmepumar En frutusttning
fr att n EU:s 20-20-20 ml. Svenska Vrmepumpfreningen - SVEP.
[Online] February 3, 2009. [Cited: February 25, 2010.]
http://www.svepinfo.se/usr/svep/resources/filearchive/9/okad_anvandning_av
_varmepumar_en_forutusattning_for_att_na_eus_20_20_20_mal_martin_fors
en.pdf.
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References (2/2)
Granryd, Eric, et al. 2005. Refrigeration Engineering. 5th Edition.
Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, 2005. Vol. I.
HKT-Goeldner. 2007. HKT-Goeldner. [Online] 2007. [Cited: March 19, 2010.]
http://www.hkt-goeldner.de/04pdf/Katalog.pdf.
Karlsson, Fredrik, Axell, Monica and Fahlen, Per. 2003. Heat Pump
Systems in Sweden. Swedish National Testing and Research institute;
Chalmers University of Technology. Bors : s.n., 2003. Country Report for
IEA HPP - Annex28.
Refrigerant data summary. Calm, J M and Hourahan G C. 2001. November
2001, Engineered Systems, Vol. 18, pp. 74-88.
Svensk Fjrrvrme. 2008. Statistik om fjrrvrme och kraftvrme 2008.
Svensk Fjrrvrme AB Web site. [Online] 2008. [Cited: February 25, 2010.]
http://www.svenskfjarrvarme.se/index.php3?use=publisher&id=2402&lang=1.
The climate change implications of manufacturing refrigerants: A calculation
of 'production' energy contents of some common refrigerants. Campbell, N J
and McCulloch, A. 1998. 3, s.l. : Institution of Chemical Engineers, August
1998, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Vol. 76, pp. 239-244.
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Thank you