DEUTSCHE NORM

May 1997

Welds - Working positions

DIN

Definitions of angles of slope and rotation

(IS0 6947 :1993)
English version of DIN EN I S 0 6947

IEN IS0 6947

Supersedes DIN 1912-2 : 1977-09
and Supplement 1 to DIN 1912-2.

IC s 01.040.25; 25.160.40

Descriptors: Welds, working positions

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Schweinhte, Arbeitspositionen - Definitionen der Winkel von Neigung und

Drehung (IS0 6947:1993)

European Standard EN IS0 6947: 1997 has the status of a DIN Standard.

National foreword

This standard has been published in accordance with a decision taken by CEN/TC 121 t o adopt, without alteration;
International Standard I S 0 6947: 1993 as a European Standard.
The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschu SchweiBtechnik (Welding Standards
Committee), Technical Committee Darstellung und Begriffe der Schweitechnik.
This standard may also be applied by analogy to soldering operations.

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Amendments
DIN 1912-2, September 1977 edition, and Supplement 1 to DIN 1912-2, December 1977 edition, have been superseded
by the specifications of EN IS0 6947, which is identical to IS0 6947.

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Previous editions
DIN 1912-2: 1927-04, 1932-05, 1937-05, 1977-09; Supplement 1 to DIN 1912-2: 1977-02

EN comprises 10 pages.

No part of this standard may be reproduced without the prior permission of

DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V., Berlin.
Beuth Verlag GmbH Berlin, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).
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EN IS0 6947

EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPENNE
EUROPISCHE NORM

January 1997

Descriptors: Welds, working positions.

English version

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ICs 01.040.25; 25.160.40

Welds - Working positions

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Defintions of angles of slope and rotation

(IS0 6947: 1993)
Soudures - Positions de travail Dfinitions des angles d'inclination et de
rotation (IS0 6947:1993)

Schweinhte, Arbeitspositionen Definitionen der Winkel von Neigung und

Drehung (IS0 6947 : 1993)

This European Standard was approved by GEN on 1996-12-12.

GEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be
obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

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The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German). A version
in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a GEN member into
its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.

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CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

CEN

European Committee for Standardization

Comit Europen de Normalisation
Europisches Komitee fr Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, 8-1050 Brussels

O 1997. GEN - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means
reserved worldwide for CEN national members.

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Ref. No. EN IS0 6947 : 1997 E

Page 2
EN I S 0 6947 : 1997

Foreword

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International Standard
IS0 6947: 1993 Welds - Working positions - Definitions of angles of slope and rotation,
which was prepared by ISO/TC 44 ?Weldingand allied processes?of the International Organization for Standardization, has
been adopted by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 ?Welding?,the Secretariat of which is held by DS, as a European
Standard.
The standard supersedes prEN 1157.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by
endorsement, and conflicting national standards withdrawn, by July 1997 at the latest.
In accordance with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries
are bound to implement this European Standard:
Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

Introduction

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The text of the InternationalStandard I S 0 6947: 1993 was approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification.

The main reasons for the revision of IS0 6947 : 1980 are given below.
The working positions should be valid for welds in plates and pipes.

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The direction of welding is an essential parameter for determining the working position, e.g. up or down; however, in IS0 6947 : 1980, the working direction was not dealt
with.
l h e working position is not dependent on the geometrical arrangement of the joint,
e.g. butt or fillet joint, or that of the semi-finished product.

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The limitations for slope (within Oo to No)

and for rotation (up to a maximum of 18o),
as specified in IS0 6947 : 1980 (clockwiseor counter-clockwise),prevent the complete
specification of the weld and the direction of welding in space; it could not, therefore,
be applicable for automatic and robotic welding. It is intended in this second edition of
IS0 6947 that the whole sphere be included so that welds in all types and all directions
are covered.

To avoid any misunderstanding, the main positions have been given symbols which
can easily be used for designation purposes; these symbols were chosen independently of possible meaningful abbreviations, .e. they are not derived from any particular
language.
The centreline is normally identical with the position of the stick electrode. The main
positions have been defined without any tolerances for slope and rotation. For some
stick electrodes, it may be useful to add the required tolerances as necessary for their
application. In such cases, the main position, e.g. flat position, can be supplemented
by specifying limits of slope and rotation.

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EN I S 0 6947 : 1997

2 Definitions

This International Standard defines working positions and

makes it possible to locate welds in space with reference to the
horizontal reference plane (usually parallel to the workshop
floor) by means of angles of slope and rotation which are independent from surrounding construction.

The Co-ordinate system shall be arranged so that the root line

lies in the vertical reference plane dz-plane; see figure 1) and
that the working direction radiates outwards from the coordinate origin.
In the case of curved welds, the same stipulation applies: the
slope is obtained from the tangent to the root line - at the particular cross-sectionof the weld in question - and the x-axis.

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1 Scope

Each particular cross-section has its own specific Co-ordinate

system.

For the purposes of this International Standard, the following

definitions apply.

NOTE - For pipes with inclined axes, the slope is intrinsically

expressed by the welding direction (see 3.2).

2.1

working position: Position determined by the position

of the weld in space and by the working direction.

2.2

rotation, R : The angle between the centreline of the

weld (.e. the line joining the centres of the weld root and the
capping layer) and the positive y-axis or a line parallel to the
y-axis, measured in the mathematically positive (.e. counterclockwise) direction in the plane of the transverse cross-section
of the weld in question.

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slope, S: In the case of straight welds, the angle between the root line and the positive x-axis of the horizontal
reference plane (see figure 1); the slope is measured in the
mathematically positive (.e. counter-clockwise)direction.

2.3

*7

Vertical reference plane

Root line

+I

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Horizontal
reference plane

Centreline of weld

KaY

Starting point
Working direction

-I

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a)

S=4S0

b) Examples of slope ranging from S = Oo t o S = 360"

Figure 1 - Slope, S

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EN I S 0 6947 : 1997

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The viewing direction for the weld cross-section is directed towards the co-ordinate origin, .e. opposite to the working direction (see
figure 2).
In the case of slopes where S = Woor S = 270 (seefigure 11, it is not necessary to determine the rotation because all angles may
occur. Examples of how rotation is determined on symmetrical and asymmetrical butt and fillet welds are given in figures 3 to 5.
NOTES

1 The centreline usually coincides with the position of the filler material, e.g. covered electrode.
2 For pipes with inclined axes, the rotation is intrinsically expressed by the angle of inclination (see 3.3).

Line parallel to y-axis

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+Z

Line parallel

-x

VIeWing direction

Starting point -

**5A\\*,oo

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fx

-Z

Centrelines of weld

a) Working position where S = 00 (or 380")and R = 90"

Figure 2

b) Working position where S = Xioand R = 2Mo

- Rotation R

--

, /

Centrelineof weld

Figure 3 - Examples of rotation ( R = Wo)

of
symmetrical butt welds with horizontal workpiece surface

Figure 5

Figure 4 - Examples of rotation, R , of asymmetrical

butt welds with horizontal workpiece surface

- Examples of rotation, R, of symmetrical

and ssymmetrical fillet welds

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EN I S 0 6947 : 1997

3.1

3 Working positions
Main positions

The main positions, defined by slope and rotation, are given in table 1and illustrated in figure 6. For the sake of clarity, symbols for the
main working positions are given from the co-ordinate origin; the working direction is outwards.

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Examples of main positions for butt and fillet welds are illustrated in figure 7.

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+Z

a) Schematic diagram

orizontai vertical

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b

Horizontal vertical

Horizontal

Fpc Horizontal

U/'

Horizontal overhead

Horizontaloverhead
Overhead

bl Simplified view

Figure 6

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- Main positions

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EN I S 0 6947 : 1997

Description

Flat position

Horizontalworking. centreline of weld

vertical, capping layer on capping

Horizontal vertical
position

Horizontalworking, capping layer towards

the capping

Horizontal position

Horizontal working, centreline of weld

horizontal

Slope
S

Symbol

PA

O0
1800

PB

Terms

- Terms and symbols for main positions

Rotation
R

900
900

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Table 1

O0

1800
O0
1800

position

Horizontal working, overhead, capping layer

towards the bottom

2250
315'
2250

PE

Vertical up
position

Working upwards

PF

Vertical down
position

Working downwards

315O

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Horizontal working, overhead, centreline of

weld vertical, capping layer underneath

Overhead position

O0

1800

270
270

NOTES
1 To avoid confusion with existing abbreviations, e.g. F for flat, in principlethe letter "F"' (for position) has been placed in front of the symbol t a

indicate "main position".

Tolerances for the main positions are not specified in this InternationalStandard because they depend on the different welding procedures u d .

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I2

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a) PA: flat position

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Q7
b) PB: horizontal vertical position

c) PC: horizontal position

PD: horizontal overhead position

e)

PE : overhead position

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d)

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EN I S 0 6947 : 1997

f)

PF: vertical up positionl)

g) PG : vertical down positionl)

Figure 7

1)

- Examples of main positions for butt and fillet welds

For special purposes, e-g. testing welders; this position is regardedas a main position.

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EN I S 0 6947 : 1997

Inclined positions

3.2

3.2.1 Plates and longitudinal welds in pipes

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The inclined positions shall be defined by slope and rotation (see figure 8 and table 1).

Figure 8

3.2.2 Circumferential welds i n pipes

- Inclined position for plates

For weld positions on pipes with inclined axes, the indication of slope and rotation shall be simplified as follows:
a) The indication of rotation is replaced by the letter "L" and the angle of inclination (seefigure 9).

NOTE - Angles beiween 180 and 380 are normally not used except for robotic welding where a fixed reference plane is necessary

bl The indication of slope is replaced by the appropriate letter of the welding direction (seeexamples in figure 10):
H for welding up

J for welding down

K for orbital welding

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For welds on fixed pipes with inclined axes, the zenith shall be taken as the point at right angles t o the reference plane
examples in figure 11i-

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l**

180"

-.

O"

7-=
Horizontal

reference plane

1270"

Figure 9

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- Examples of symbolization of inclinatlon of pipes with inclined axes

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(see

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EN I S 0 6947 : 1997

b) Welding direction down (JI

a) Welding direction up (HI

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Figure 10 - Examples of welding direction on fixed pipe with horizontal axis

LReference plane

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/4 \

Zenith

A-

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?-

Reference plane

b) Welding down from the zenith: J-L

figure 11

- Examples of zenith, welding direction and symbolization of inclination for fixed pipes with inclined axes

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EN I S 0 6947 : 1997

4 Designation
Main positions shall be designated by the appropriate symbol specified in table 1 (see example li; the symbol for the main position
may be supplemented by the values for slope and rotation, given in three digits (see example 2).
Inclined positions shall be designated by slope and rotation in accordance with 3.2.1, except for pipes with inclined axes (seeexample 3).

Examples: plates

7 The main position "horizontal vertical" (PB) shall be designated as follows:

PB

2 The main position "horizontal vertical" (PB), with slope of 130 and rotation of &O,

shall be designated as follows:

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PB 130-046

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For circumferential welds in pipes with inclined axes, the indication of slope and rotation shall be simplified in accordance with 3.2.2

(seeexamples 4 and 5).

3 The inclined position, with slope of 3o and rotation of Wo,

shall be designated as follows:

030090

Examples: pipes

4 The weld position on pipes with inclined axes, with welding direction "welding up" (Hl and an inclination angle of 30,shall be
designated as follows:

H-LOa)

5 The weld position on pipes with inclined axes, with welding direction "welding down" (Ji and an inclination angle of Wo,
shall be

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designated as follows:

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