Lower Usogan Bonifacio Misamis Occidental
Lower Usogan Bonifacio Misamis Occidental
Lower Usogan Bonifacio Misamis Occidental
A Termpaper Submitted by
Christine Mae Detalla- Catmon
In Partial Fulfillment for the Course History 201 (Historiography)
Submitted to:
ABSTRACT
The Municipality of Bonifacio is located at the Southern part of the Province of Misamis
Occidental. The whole of the municipality of Bonifacio is made up of twenty-nine barangays.
There are 12 barangays from the coastal and lowland areas. These are Baybay, Bagumbang,
Digson, Lilo-an, Lower Usogan, Migpange, Tiaman, Linconan, port of Bolinsong, Demetrio
Fernan, Pisa-an and Buracan. The municipality has the biggest rice land in the province. As such,
it is considered as the leading rice producing municipality in the province of Misamis
Occidental. Its rice surplus is mostly delivered to the rice traders in Molave, Zamboanga del Sur
due to its distance and established marketing system1.
Agricultural land is the major land use category of the munipality. Almost all barangays of the
municipality are classified as agricultural based on land suitability and legal land classification 2.
This paper focuses on the agricultural history of Lower Usogan, Bonifacio, Misamis Occidental.
Lower Usogan was once part of Brgy. Lilo-an , until it was formally recognized as a barangay in
1940s. This paper aims to look into the agricultural history of Lower Usogan. Bonifacio,
Misamis Occidental and to get insights regarding the policies in the agrarian reform program in
this area.
The writer hopes, that with this paper, the readers will have an idea on the history and the lives
of the people in this part of the Philippines.
2 ibid
INTRODUCTION
The Philippines is still mostly an agricultural country even if there are already many big
cities. This is particularly true in the Misamis Occidental region. In the municipality of
Bonifacio, Misamis Occidental, agricultural land is the major land use category. It has a total
land are of 15 166.87 hectares. Almost all barangays of the municipality are classfied as
agricultural based on land suitability and legal land classification. Agricultural land is 71.51% of
the total land area and agriculture is the main economic activity3.
The biggest agricultural land goes to coconut production with 6 385.83 hectares or
31.13% of the total land area. The second is corn land with 4 355.92 hectares of 20.71% and rice
land with 3 782.39 hectares of 17.99% of the total land area. Riceland is classified into three
corresponding categories. Irrigated, with 1 787.21 hectares, unirrigated with 827.81 hectares and
upland with 1 157.37 hectares4.
The general soil condition of the municipality is conducive for agriculture. The
municipality has no cases of volcanic erruptions, although in 1954, an earthquake occurred that
caused considerable damage in the lowland area. Flooding also occurs in the lowland barangays
of Linconan, a portion of Lower Usogan, Lilo-an, Tiaman and Bolinsong almost every five years.
This is mainly due to the inadequate drainage canal of Salug Valley in Zamboanga del Sur. At
3 Municipal Comprehensive Land Use Plan, Bonifacio,Misamis Occidental
2
4 ibid
present, almost 120 hectares of riceland are affected by flooding in barangay Linconan and
Lower Usogan5.
Apart from floodings, Lower Usogan has also experienced many calamities and problems
when it came to the croppings of their rice. There are also problems with land ownership in the
barangay.
The writer hopes, that with this paper, the readers will have an idea on the history and
the lives of the people in this part of the Philippines.
5 ibid
7 Mr. Paulo Nijarda delos Reyes was former part of the Board of Directors of the Misamis
Occidental Electric Cooperative Inc., and is the brother of the present barangay captain of
Lilo-an, Bonifacio, Misamis Occidental, Peregrino delos Reyes.
The municipality has four types of soil. These are adtuyon clay, bantog clay, hydrosol and
kabakan clay. Kabakan and Bantog clay constitute most of the rice land areas. The municipality
has three major river systems, Usugan, Mapurog and Bagumbang. Usugan, the biggest river
system has its outlet in Tambulig, Zamboanga del Sur and is utilized for irrigation. There are two
creeks, Diwat and Digson and recently identified as potential source for irrigation at Barangays
Linconan and Lower Usogan8.
Since the municipality is situated in the southernmost part of the province of Misamis
Occidental, its climate is greatly influenced by that of the Province of Zamboanga del Sur,
particularly of Salug Valley where the biggest lowland area are located9.
9 ibid
10
11 "CARPER RA 9700 - Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms". dar.gov.ph.
Retrieved 18 October 2016.
Under the CARP, a total target of 10.3 million hectares of land was programmed to be
distributed over a span of ten years. Out of the total land, 6.5 million hectares of public disposal
lands and Integrated Social Forestry areas are to be distributed by the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) while 3.8 million hectares of private agricultural
lands are to be distributed by the DAR. From July 1987 to June 1992, the DAR was able to
distribute 1.77 million hectares benefiting .933 million beneficiaries, while the DENR has
distributed 1.88 million hectares to .760 million farmers.
But to some, they still remain peasants of their lands. Such can be related to the article
below:
4 haciendas distributed; 270 sugar farmers cheer By: DJ Yap
Land in four big haciendas in Negros Occidental province covering almost 500 hectares has been
distributed to 270 sugar farmers under the countrys Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
(CARP), officials of the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) said on Friday.
In a news release, DAR said it had finished installing the farmers in the four sugar estates in the
cities of Cadiz and Sagay in Negros Occidental.
The biggest landholding distributed to farmers was that of Hacienda Cana-an in Barangay Mabini,
Cadiz City, with a total area of 386.85 hectares, of which 352 hectares were covered by CARP.
11
The rest of the land was composed of the retention area for the landowner, as well as roads and
eroded portions excluded from agrarian reform.
We (also) embark on installation activities to help farm workers identify the specific farm lots that
they will now own, the DAR official said.
Fiesta
In its news release, the DAR described the new landowners as erupting in cheers and shedding
tears of joy when they were escorted by DAR officials and employees to the apportioned haciendas
on Monday and Tuesday to identify their individual farm lots.
The two-day installation event turned into a fiesta, the DAR release said, as the farm workers
celebrated their transformation into land owners by butchering pigs and chickens and serving them
as simple meals shared by the community.
The DAR said it was seeking to distribute all CARP-covered lands before President Aquinos term
ends in 2016.
As of January, there were still 93,000 landholdings covering 870,000 hectares that remained
undistributed. Of this number, more than 15,558 landholdings covering a gross area of more than
162,000 hectares have been tagged as problematic due to pending cases or technical problems.
An estimated 175,000 hectares of land are considered retention areas for landowners.
According to DAR, the remaining 694,181 hectares are targeted to be distributed to agrarian
reform beneficiaries within the next three and a half years under the following schedule: 160,000
hectares in 2013; 240,707 hectares in 2014; 180,707 hectares in 2015, and 112,767 from January to
June 201612.
12 DJ Yap. 4 haciendas distributed; 270 sugar farmers cheer June 29, 2013.
13
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/435005/4-haciendas-distributed-270-sugar-farmerscheer#ixzz4RHpR9JiN
retrieved:
Nov.
12,
2016.
Another article can also be related to the situation of the landholdings in Lower Usogan. There is
not much conflict that aroused in Lower Usogan, though.
(BATCO).
The BATCO was originally owned by a wealthy clan, which first rejected rabidly all applications
by tenants for acquisition of the lands inside the plantation through the Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform Program13.
Helping these farmers was a top priority of Gov. Hataman. Land ownership issue, land conflicts
are among the root causes of the long-time Moro rebellion in Southern Mindanao, Sangcopan
said on Wednesday.
The land acquisition issue that saddled the 54 workers of BATCO was dragged into various
forums, a legal process that lasted for 17 years and gained headway only after a very recent order
by Supreme Court, reversing previous judicial rulings that favored the owners of the plantation,
to yield to legitimate land reform claimants.
The well-armed private security group of BATCO, equipped with assault rifles and shoulder-fire
40 millimeter grenade launchers, even figured in a firefight in 1999 with policemen and DAR
officials who tried, but failed to divide the plantation to beneficiaries.
On Pests that Destroy Ricefields
Ricefields in Lower Usogan also experienced pest infestations that gravely affected their
harvest and made the lives of the people difficult and caused some of the land owners to sell their
lands. This was pretty much the trend in most ricefields in the Philippines.
15
13
fear
these
pests
might
also
invade
areas
in
the
Visayas.
According to officials of the Mindanao Science and Technology Centrum Foundation Inc., the
black bugs had destroyed farmlands in the Cotabato provinces before they spread out to other
areas
in
the
eastern
part
of
Mindanao.
Black bug infestation has also been reported in Davao Oriental and the Agusan and
Surigao
provinces.
The black bugs, authorities said, originated from the eastern Malaysian state of Sabah and
appeared
in
Mindanao
and
Palawan
in
the
late-1990s.
Cases of black bug infestation were also reported in Bukidnon and in other northern
provinces
of
Mindanao.
The latest upsurge in black bug infestation has reportedly threatened the expected high
yield of hybrid rice, part of the agricultural modernization program of the Arroyo administration.
Authorities said the black bugs could be transported to other islands through vessels that
carry
agricultural
produce
from
Mindanao.
The Arroyo administration has tasked the institute not only to come up with varieties of
16
hybrid rice but also to find technologies that will help fight infestation and other problems
attendant to rice production14.
17
14
Black bugs destroying Mindanao ricefields By Edith Regalado
http://www.philstar.com/nation/176422/black-bugs-destroying-mindanao-ricefields. Retrieved
October 15, 2016.
16
SECTION. 385. Manner of Creation. - A Barangay may be created, divided, merged, abolished,
or its boundary substantially altered, by law or by an ordinance of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan
or Sangguniang Panlungsod, subject to approval by a majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite to
be conducted by the Comelec in the local government unit or units directly affected within such
18
period of time as may be determined by the law or ordinance creating said Barangay. In the case
of the creation of Barangays by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, the recommendation of the
Sangguniang Bayan concerned shall be necessary.
SECTION. 386. Requisites for Creation. - (a) A Barangay maybe created out of a contiguous territory
which has a population of at least two thousand (2,000) inhabitants as certified by the National
Statistics Office except in cities and municipalities within Metro Manila and other metropolitan
The first leader of the then, barrio, was Remegio Suico who was appointed in 1945. Next
was Wenceslao Dejon who was the first elected Brgy. Captain. The second barangay captain was
Cipriano Ponce who served three terms. Cipriano Ponce was then replaced by Sabrina Mayola,
the First councilor of the barangay, when Mr. Ponce won in the Sangguniang Bayan. Then, there
was Silverio Lucot, the fourth Brgy. Captain who served two terms. The first Brgy. Captain was
Romeo Suico and the present Brgy. Captain is Mr. Raymund Retubado.
Many of the settlers in Lilo-an as well as Lower Usogan did not have adequate education
to back them up. Some of the first settlers according to Mrs. Juntong, were Candido Paulin,
Leodigario Gapo, Eudigario Pitogo, Saturnino Alimoren, Primo Mayola, Fermin Juntong and
Minggoy Gahi. When the people like Julio Mendez and families with surnames Golez, Ylanan,
Fuentes and Salva were the first owners of land who were able to acquire land titles in the
barangay. But by virtue of the Comprehensive Agrarian reform program, these lands were slowly
transferred to the samohante and they were awarded certificates of land transfer. They would in
turn, be the ones to pay the real estate taxes for the lands acquired. But this was not the case for
all peasants. According to Mary Ann B. Manahan, the Programme Officer of the Focus on the
Global South,
As a key social justice mechanism, CARP and CARPER have yet
to fulfill their promise. Article XII, Section 4 of the Constitution provides
that the State shall, by law, undertake an agrarian reform program founded
on the right of farmers and regular farm workers, who are landless, to own
19
political subdivisions or in highly urbanized cities where such territory shall have a certified
population of at least five thousand(5,000) inhabitants: Provided, That the creation thereof shall
not reduce the population of the original Barangay or Barangays to less than the minimum
requirement prescribed herein.
directly or collectively the lands they till or, in the case of other farm
workers, to receive a just share of the fruits thereof. More than a decade in
2002, the National Statistics Office surveys showed household members
engaged in agricultural activity still worked in landholdings not their own.
This indicated that a considerable number of landless farmers have yet to
own directly or collectively the lands they tilled. Part of the reason for this
had been the inability of the DAR to distribute land already identified for
CARP, as well as the failure to have a database that could aid in accurately
identifying the landless farmers for land distribution targeting. Agrarian
reform is a major reform measure meant to address rural poverty, as rural
poverty has always been highly linked to access to land. Based on
government data (Table 1), poverty is highest in the top 15 provinces
where there have been large backlogs in land distribution. Strong political
will by DAR is therefore necessary. In 2011, these top 15 provinces
accounted for more than one-third the total LAD balance. This information
is significant because these provinces also figured prominently in the list of
provinces where the poorest families have been found. Negros Occidental,
Camarines Sur, Leyte, Iloilo and Lanao del Sur have been among the top
10 provinces with women in poor households, according to the 2009
National Household Targeting Survey for Poverty Reduction of the
Department of Social Welfare and Development. The National Statistics
20
Coordinating Board also reported that the poverty magnitude and share of
Negros Occidental, Camarines Sur, Leyte, Iloilo and Masbate in the total
number of poor families and population in 2003 were quite high.17
Pests and Disasters that Affect the Ricefields in Lower Usogan, Bonifacio, Misamis
Occidental
The life of a farmer in the Philippines is not easy. And farmers in Lower Usogan are in no
way different than other farmers in the Philippines. During the early settlements, the farmers did
not have much problems on croppings, though. According to Mr. Alfredo Gahi, one of the
respondents, there was what they called siete siyentos. Farmers would plant their seedlings and
would just return to their farmlands after seven months. They did not need fertilizers and there
were not pests.
But there were disasters that heavily affected the lives as well as the agricultural situation
of the barangay.
April 1955 Earthquake
On April 1, 1955, a series of very strong earthquakes beginning at 2:18 in the
morning, with epicenter between Panguil Bay and Lake Lanao, rocked all of Mindanao, and the
southern Visayas, with heavy damage done in Lanao and Occidental Misamis. Many lives were
lost in the towns along the shore of Lake Lanao as the water receded and then returned18.
17
Mary Ann B. Manahan. The State of Agrarian Reform Under President Benigno Aquino IIIs Government Beyond
the Numbers: A struggle for social justice and inclusive rural development. Focus on the Global South-Philippines.
#19 Maginhawa Street, UP Village, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. 2013.
21
18
The Lanao Earthquake Philippines, Arturo Alcaraz and Roman Kintanar, Geophysical Abstract
22
19
The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines Journal, Volume 31, Number 5, May
1955, Manila
In Lower Usogan, some were forced to transfer to Boniao, Dumingag, Zamboanga del
Sur. But some of them still stayed in the barangay.
Flashfloods
There were also flashfloods that happened in Lower Usogan. There were flashfloods that
happened in 1983, 1988, 2001 and 2013. One of the most notable disasters in Lower Usogan was
when the barangay was hit by typhoon Onsang in October 2001. Most of the provinces in
Mindanao were badly affected by the typhoon. According to the report gathered from the Brgy.
Lower Usogan records, about ninety percent of the ricefields, houses and othere properties were
affected and damaged.
Because of the threats of the of overflowing of the Salug Valley River that connects to
Usogan River when there are heavy rains, the people were shaken when they saw a heavy rain at
the upper part of the mountain adjacent to the province. Some people prepared ferryboats,
bangkas and motorboats for them to transfer to the evacuation center. The barangay disaster
council, municipal local government unit through the DSWD, the provincial government unit,
DILG and religious groups helped in assisting the needs of the inhabitants who temporarily lived
in the evacuation centers.
PESTS
In the early 1990s, according to Mr. Alfredo Gahi, there were many instances of attacks
of pests in the ricefields. Some of these are rats, stem borers, army worms, black bugs, and
23
leafhoppers
that transmit tungro disease.
Leafhoppers
Rice tungro disease is caused by the combination of two viruses, which are transmitted
by leafhoppers. It causes leaf discoloration, stunted growth, reduced tiller numbers and sterile or
partly filled grains. Tungro infects cultivated rice, some wild rice relatives and other grassy
weeds commonly found in rice paddies.20
Tungro disease viruses are transmitted from one plant to another by leafhoppers that feed
on tungro-infected plants. The most efficient vector is the green leafhopper.Leafhoppers can
acquire the viruses from any part of the infected plant by feeding on it, even for a short time. It
can, then, immediately transmit the viruses to other plants within 57 days. The viruses do not
remain in the leafhopper's body unless it feeds again on an infected plant and re-acquires the
viruses.
Tungro infection can occur during all growth stages of the rice plant. It is most frequently seen
during the vegetative phase. Plants are most vulnerable at tillering stage21.
Stem borers
Stem borers can destroy rice at any stage of the plant from seedling to maturity.
They feed upon tillers and causes deadhearts or drying of the central tiller, during vegetative
stage; and causes whiteheads at reproductive stage.
20
http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/index.php?
option=com_zoo&task=item&item_id=814&Itemid=739
24
21
http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/index.php?
option=com_zoo&task=item&item_id=814&Itemid=739
The stem borer larvae bore at the base of the plants during the vegetative stage. On older plants,
they bore through the upper nodes and feed toward the base.
Excessive boring through the sheath can destroy the crop. Its damage can reduce the number of
reproductive tillers. At late infection, plants develop whiteheads22.
1
Yellow stemborer damage can lead to about 20% yield loss in early planted rice crops,
White stemborer is an important pest in rainfed wetland rice. It can cause outbreaks and
Striped stemborer is one of the most important insect pests in Asia. Its damage can be as
Army worms
Armyworms are caterpillars that attack rice. There are at least three armyworm species attack
rice in Asia. These are therice swarming caterpillar, common cutworm, and the rice ear-cutting
caterpillar.
22
http://knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/pest-management/insects/item/stemborer
25
23
http://knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/pest-management/insects/item/stemborer
A single armyworm egg mass contains hundreds of eggs. Each female lays 8001000 eggs
during its lifetime of about one week.
Armyworm feeds on rice by cutting off leaves and young seedlings at the plant's base. They can
also cut off rice panicles from base.
Adult armyworms survive better and produce more eggs when the temperature is at 15 C
maximum, and when plants are naturally fertilized. Periods of drought followed by heavy rains,
and the presence of alternate hosts also sustain the development of armyworms.
The larvae usually feed in the upper portion of the rice canopy on cloudy days or at night; while
the adult feeds, mates, and migrates at night and rests in daytime at the base of the plant.
In dryland fields, armyworm pupa can be found in the soil or at the base of the rice plants. In
wetlands, they pupate on the plants or on grassy areas along the field borders.24
Black bugs
Black bugs remove the sap of the plant. They can cause browning of leaves, deadheart, and
bugburn. Their damage also causes stunting in plants, reduced tiller number, and formation of
whiteheads.
On severe cases, black bugs weaken the plant preventing them from producing seeds.
26
24
http://knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/pestmanagement/insects/item/armyworms
The insect is common in rainfed and irrigated wetland environments. It prefers continuously
cropped irrigated rice areas and poorly drained fields. Damages are observed more frequently in
dry season rice crops and densely planted fields.
Black bug flight patterns are affected by the lunar cycle; on full moon nights, large numbers of
adults swarm to light sources.
Staggered planting of the rice crop and excessive nitrogen also favor the buildup of the pest.
During non-rice periods, the presence of alternate breeding site favors population increase.25
Solutions to Problems
27
25
http://knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/pest-management/insects/item/black-bug
With the problems that the people of Lower Usogan have encountered that gravely
affected their agriculture and way of living, they sought to find ways in solving such problems.
They needed these in order to alleviate themselves from poverty and be able to provide for their
families.
When it came to disasters, a local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council was
organized. This organizations major objectives are to save people who are the victims of flood
and other calamities and to help the barangay constituents who need special attention in times of
disaster and other related problems26. Their priority targets are to 1.) identify areas of puroks that
are prone to floods; 2.) to ensure that all BDRRMC team members are aware and do their
functions, duties and responsibilities; 3.) identify critical areas like ricefields and footbridges that
are at risk to damages; 4.) establish early warning systems and be alert of all disaster signs; 5.)
request for fundings from the Local government unit and to have access to foreign grants and
aids for the construction and rehabilitation of the road networks within the barangay and
construction of drainage system and flood control system27.
In order to address the problem of pest infestations, they residents and farmers agreed to
have two croppings in a year and to plant rice almost simultaneously. This is done so that even if
there are pests, the damage will not be extreme.
According to International Rice Research Institute, the best control for pests and disease
problems is prevention. To limit pest and disease damage:
26
Brgy. Lower Usogan, Bonifacio, Misamis Occidental Barangay Document.
28
27
Brgy. Lower Usogan, Bonifacio, Misamis Occidental Barangay Document.
Use short-duration and resistant cultivars to decrease insect pest populations. In short-duration
cultivars, insects cannot compete as many generations, so populations may not reach damaging
levels. Resistant varieties experience less feeding damage on their leaves and stems, which
means less entry points for bacteria and fungal diseases.
IRRI has a major responsibility to develop rice varieties for the benefit of rice farmers and
consumers.
3. Plant at the same time as your neighbors
Planting at the same time (or within a 2 week window) as the neighboring fields can help to
minimize insect, disease, bird, and rat pressure on individual fields.
4. Do not over apply fertilizer
High nitrogen can increase susceptibility to certain pests and diseases that is why specific
fertilizer recommendations is very important.
plants on the bunds and between fields to flower (yellow and white flowers attract natural
enemies).
31
28
http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-step-production/growth/pests-and-diseases
In this paper, we found out that inhabitants in Lower Usogan, Bonifacio, Misamis
Occidental originally came from Lilo-an, Bonifacio, Misamis Occidental, who were migrant
settlers from Visayas, particularly, Lilo-an, Cebu. They came to this land in search for better life
opportunities through agricultural development of vast lands in the area.
We also found out that while these lands were vast, there was still no concept of land
titling. Only the more educated ones were able to acquire land titles for themselves. But because
32
of the land transfer program of the government, some of the lands were awarded to the farmers
who tilled the lands.
We also found out that because of the nature and the location of the land, as these are
lowland areas, the barangay is prone to flash floods. We also found out that there was an
earthquake that happened in 1955 which caused other settlers to migrate to other parts of
Mindanao.
It is also important to take note that while disasters, calamities and pest infestations
resulted to problems in the agriculture and lives of the people, they were still able to survive. Yet,
survival is not easy. They needed to organize themselves in order to combat these problems in
their lands.
What is needed by this barangay is development of their farm to market roads because if
the roads to the markets are good, they will be able to transport their produce more quickly. They
also need more advanced technologies in order to have better qualities of rice and better yields.
This is particularly important so that these farmers will be able to emancipate themselves from
debts because of the failed croppings, pest infestations and disasters they have experienced.
33
APPENDIX
Executive Order No. 242, 1939
Signed on December 28, 1939
MALACAAN PALACE
MANILA
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 242
ORGANIZING
A CERTAIN PORTION OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF TANGUB,
34
MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL, INTO A REGULAR MUNICIPALITY UNDER THE NAME
OF BONIFACIO
Upon petition of the inhabitants of the barrios of Bolinsong. Bagumbang, Buracan, Dimalco,
Galolot, and Tiaman that the said barrios be separated from the municipality of Tangub, Province
of Misamis Occidental, and organized into a regular municipality, and upon recommendation of
the Provincial Board of Misamis Occidental, the Secretary of Finance and the Secretary, of the
Interior, and pursuant to the provisions of section sixty-eight of the Revised Administrative
Code, the ten municipalities of the Province of Misamis Occidental, in accordance with Act
Numbered Three thousand five hundred and thirty-seven and Executive Order Numbered two
hundred and twenty, series of nineteen hundred and twenty-nine, are hereby increased to eleven
by segregating the above-mentioned barrios from the municipality of Tangub, and organizing the
same into a regular municipality under the name of Bonifacio, with the seat of government in the
sitio of Digson,
The municipality of Bonifacio, as herein, organized, shall consist of the territory the boundaries
of which are technically described as follows:
Beginning at a point marked 1 which is identical to M. B. M. No. 2 (equal to P. B. M. No. 2)
Tangub cadastre, B. L. Cad. No. 271, N. 0 02 W. 436.45 m. to 2 which is M. B. M. No. 3
(equal to- P. B. M. No. 3) ; thence N. 0 01 W. 927.37 m, to point 3 which is M. B. M. No. 4
(equal to P. B. M. No. 4) : thence north 832.65 m. to point 4 which Is M. B. M. No. 5 (equal to
P. B. M. No. 5). thence north 967.40 m. to point 5 which is M. B. M. No. 6 (equal to P, B. M.
No. 6) : thence N. 0 01 W. 451.72 m. to point 6 which is M. B. M. No. 7 (equal to P. B. M.
No. 7) ; thence north 1006.55 m. to point 7 which is M. B. M. No. 8 (equal to P. B. M. No. 8);
35
Done at the City of Manila, this twenty-eighth day of December, in the year of Our Lord,
nineteen hundred and thirty-nine, and of the Commonwealth, of the Philippines, the fifth.
MANUEL L. QUEZON
President of the Philippines
By the President:
JORGE B. VARGAS
Secretary to the President
Source: Presidential Museum and Library
Bureau of Printing. (1941). Executive Order No. 242. Messages of the President, 5 (1), 959.
IMAGES AND PICTURES
39
40
41
A farmer
42
43