Chapter 2: Description

ORGANIZATIONAL OVERVIEW OF PRANRFL GROUP

PRANRFL is a conglomerate company. It is the largest agro food processor and food
exporter of Bangladesh. Our economy is based on agriculture and PRANs target is to
develop our agriculture sector. They are trying to create more demand for agro product,
produced by our farmers. Proper training & financial support for our poor farmers could
produce more agro products. They are trying to enlarge contact farming. In the other
side employment is created by food processing plant of PRAN. Their view is to create
more employment to eliminate poverty. Their target is to make their product available to
every corner of our country so, every customer gets the right to consume. They export
their products more than 114 countries in the world and earning a lot of foreign
currencies to our country. PRAN is trying to accelerate their global market position
rapidly.
PRAN PRAN Group was born in 1980. Keeping in view the corporate mission of the
Group they have over the years diversified their activities in several areas. PRAN's
biggest asset is their competent team of handson managers and dedicated employees.
PRAN is Bangladesh's largest grower and processor of fruits and vegetables. Their
contract growers cultivate the choicest fruits and vegetables, which are processed in
their modern and hygienic factories to highest quality & international standards.
RFL RFL started its journey with Cast Iron (CI) products in 1980. The initial main
objective was to ensure pure drinking water and affordable irrigation instruments for
improved rural life. Today the company has its wide ranges of CI products like pumps,
tube wells, bearings, gas stoves etc and has achieved the prestige as the largest cast iron
foundry and light engineering workshop in Bangladesh. With a vision to serve the
common people of Bangladesh with quality necessity products, RFL diversified its
operation into PVC category in 1996 & in Plastic Sector in 2003. At present it is market
leader in all these three sectorsCast Iron, PVC & Plastic in the country. Sizeable amount
is also exported to different countries.

PRANRFL GROUP was born in 1980. Keeping in view the corporate mission of the
group we have over the years diversified our activities. Today we are the largest
processors of fruits & vegetables in Bangladesh. We encourage contract farmers and
help them grow quality crops with increased yields and to obtain fair prices. The Group
comprises of 10 companies. The head offices are located at Dhaka with production
facilities around the country. Our management is modern adapted to our environment &
culture. Our largest asset is our competent team of handsonmangers & dedicated
employees.
History: Actually PRAN was formed in 1980 by former CEO mej. G. (rtd.) Amjad
Khan Chowdhury & RFL was founded in 1980. In 1981 they were merged and started
their group named PRANRFL Group. Now they are one of the largest groups in
Bangladesh.
Meaning of PRANRFL: PRAN means Program for Rural Advancement Nationally.
RFL stands for Rangpur Foundry Limited.
PRANs VIEW: Development of rural & agricultural sector of Bangladesh.
PRANs MISSION: Poverty and hunger are curses
PRANS AIM: To generate employment and earn dignity and self-respect for our
competitors
PRANS VISION Improving livelihood.
TYPE OF COMPANY conglomerate Company. Manufacturing and food processing.

EMPLOYEE 40,000.
INDUSTRES 6

Industries & Corporate Offices of PranRfl Group

PRAN Company is careful and very much sincere about their products. They maintain
high quality and international standard in manufacturing their products. To satisfy their
customers and to deliver them what they want. PRANRFL drives through a process
which is modern, scientific and healthy at the same time. They collect the best row
materials and in their industries through the combining effort of man and machine
PRANRFL produce their supreme products.
In 1981 when PRAN & RFL merged together, there was a brand new start of their
journey. Now PRANRFL is one of the largest company in Bangladesh and they have six
industries across the country.

LIST OE INDUSTRIES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Ekdala, Natore.
Ghorashal, Narshingdi, Polash.
Kaliganj, Gazipur.
Adamjee EPZ.
Rupgonj, Narayangonj.
6. kellabond , Rongpur
PRANRFL also has 5 rented industries in different location in Bangladesh, where they
also run some of their production functions temporarily.
CORPORATE OFFICE:
PRANRFL has corporate office which is in middle Badda, controlling all the functions
of the company. There are a huge number of sells offices and center all over Bangladesh.
Address of corporate office:
PRANRFL CENTER,
105, MIDDLE BADDA, DHAKA
1212, BANGLADESH, GPO
BOX 83 TEL: +88028819209
EXT. 271, MOBILE: 01912257289,
FAX 88028837464,
Email [email protected],
Web: www.pranrflgroup.com

ORGANOGRAM OF PRANRFL GROUP

OTHER INFORMATIONS:
The CEO of PRANRFL group is Mej. G. (rtd.) Amzad Khan Chowdhury.
The DMD of PRANRFL group is Ahsan Khan Chowdhury.
There are 5 directors, 2 ED and 20 coo

Total Concerns of PranRfl Group

PRAN is one of the rising market giant of Bangladesh. After founding in 1981, PRAN RFL
Group is increasing their business rapidly. Now they are one of the largest conglomerate
merger companies. PRANRFL Group has a total number of 37 concerns.

List of concerns:
Concerns of PRAN:
1. AMCL
2. Pack Mate
3. PAL
4. BBL
5. BAPL
6. PFL
7. PABL
8. PCL
9. DAIRY
Concerns of RFL:
1. PBCL
2. Plastics
3. METAL1
4. METAL2
5. Hanger
6. ReCycle
7. RCL
8. TANK
9. Bag

Other concerns of PRANRFL Group:

1. PDL
2. Charka
3. Property Lifts
And 16 more

Total Employee of PranRfl Group

PRANRFL Group puts a lot of importance on their employees. They always try to recruit
efficient, dedicated, creative and hardworking employees for their organization. Equal
opportunity is given in both male and female workers. Their recruitment structure is very
developed and fair, so that they could build a strong team of employees. After the
recruitment PRANRFL provides them proper training to develop working skills, good
salary, commission on the profit, reward among the best employees and many more. They
consider the employees as asset. From one example about their responsibility is they
always try to give salary before 29th day of the month, so that the employees dont have to
suffer from any kind of financial problem. There are a huge amount of employees in
PRANRFL group. The number of employee details is given below:
1. General workers 28,000
2. Overall workers 40,000
3. Current workers 28,000
4. Factory workers 20,000
5. Sales workers 8,000
6. corporate employees 2000
In the other side in management pyramid:
1. Top level management 2,000 employees including the CEO Major General (rtd.)
Amjad Khan Chowdhury.
2. Middle level management 8,000 employees
3. Supervisory and worker level 30,000 workers.

Products of PRANRFL Group

PRAN takes a comprehensive approach to all kinds of agro processed food products,
considering all of the ways to make their products hygienic and achieving quality criteria.
With HACCP compliance to ensure best quality products reach to the consumers, PRAN
places great importance on hygienic manufacturing processes. This encompasses
everything from choosing quality materials to the use of storage facilities and careful
monitoring of products using electronic sorting. Skilled and experienced personnel select
finished products which are then examined in a laboratory to verify their quality and to
check for residual substances both before and after the production process.
Furthermore, companys computer systems offer continuous monitoring of all
manufacturing process to ensure the highest levels of quality.
PRAN food and beverage industry produces over 422 products and with their margering
partner
RFL they produce 0ver 2000 kinds of products.
List of PRAN products
1. Juices
Juice in glass bottle
Juice in Aseptic Pack
Juice in hot filled PET bottle
Juice in tin can
2. Drinks
In HDPE Shape Pak
In HDPE Bottle
In PET bottle Instant
Powder drink
3. Mineral water
4. Bakery
Custard cake
Pie cake
Layer cake

5.

Carbonated soft drink PET bottle

Energy drinks

6. Snacks Fried
snacks Pallet
Snacks Other
Ethnics
Chuteny
7. Culina
ry
Spice
Mix
Spice
Pickle
Sauce, Ketchap &
Paste Jam & Jelly
Mustard Oil
Rice & Allied Products
Mushur Dal
Papar
Honey
Noodles
& Others.

8. Confectionary
Candy
Deposited Candy
HardBoiled Candy
SoftChew Candy
Chocolate & Toffee
Chewing gum
Loli Pop
Edible Jell
Fruit Bar
9. Bisc
uit
Bisc
uits
Wate
r
Toast
10. Dairy
Liquid
Milk Milk
Powder

Milk
Drinks
Milk Allied Products

Product positions
In this journey of 32 years PRAN has come up with some really good products which are
high in quality and supreme in standard. Now PRAN has almost 422 products available in
marketplace. All the goods of PRAN are Halal.Products of PRAN are authorized by ISO:
9001:2012, Haccap (Hazard analysis critical control point) and Halal.
PRAN places great importance on hygienic manufacturing processes. This encompasses
everything from choosing quality materials to the use of storage facilities and careful
monitoring of products using electronic sorting. Skilled and experienced personnel select
finished products which are then examined in a laboratory to verify their quality and to
check for residual substances both before and after the production process.
As PRAN gives highest priority in maintaining international standard and quality in their
products, thats why they are conquering the best position in Bangladesh and also into
international market in some cases.
Product position of PRAN in Bangladesh and in international market

Products

Position in
Bangladesh

Position :
Internationally

Juice

28

Beverage

N/A

Culinary

15

Dairy

18

Plastic
products

Metal tools

N/A

N/A

Metal pipes

N/A

Snacks

22

Lift & Escalator 1

N/A

Generator

N/A

Export
PRAN, the largest exporter of processed food from Bangladesh, had a vision of creating a
huge demand globally of those agro based products produced by native farmers of
Bangladesh. Starting successful journey to export market in 1996.
Export Inception of PRAN started in 1991 and the first export country is France. PRAN
currently exports their products to 300 million people (approximately) of more than 114
countries.
Some countries of exported PRAN products are

Asia
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Pakistan
India
Nepal
Bhutan
Afghanistan
Myanmar

Europe
1. France
2. Spain
3. Germany

4. England
5. Scotland
6. Ireland

Africa
1. Egypt
2. Senegal
3. Also in many countries of east and west Africa.
PRAN Also export their products in USA and many other countries of the globe.

HRM & HRD of PranRfl Group

HRD & HRM sector is an essential part of company. In Bangladesh PRANRFL Group
is in a leading position in food and beverage sector. The reason behind this success is
their HRD & HRM sector. In PRANRFL group selection, recruitment and personal is in
HRM sector. Training is in HRD sector. The details are discussed below:

PRANRFL GROUP

HRM
SELECTION &
RECRUITMENT

PERSONAL

HRD

TRAINING

HRM:
SELECTION & RECRUITMENT: PRANRFL follows this structure for their
employee and worker selection:
1. Getting requisition of the vacant post.
2. Raising advertisement.
3. Receiving the application form.
4. Short listing candidates.
5. Preparing and sending interview card.
5. Employment test.
6. Interview.
7. List of suitable candidates
8. Final employment decision.
9. Final employee selection.
10. Sending appointment letter.
11. Recruitment.
PERSONAL:
1. Employee guidance
2. Counseling.
3. Skill development
4. Personal development.
5. Management power development.

HRD:
1. Onthe job training:
Apprenticeship programs
Job instruction training
Preparing the trainees.
Presenting the instruction
Demonstrating trainees understanding.
Placing the workers into job.
2. Offthe job training:
Classroom lecture.
Films
Demonstration
Case study
Training outside the company.
3. New employee training.
4. Mid management level training program
5. Sales training.
6. Factory training
7. Store management training
8. Office assistant training.
9. Distribution of sales management training
10. Material management training
11. Supervisors training.
12. Basic English course.

Corporate Social Responsibility

PRANRFL is a concept away to fight poverty & hunger in Bangladesh in the shortest
possible time through employment generation. PRANRFL is a corporation whose
corporate mission embodies in itself, corporate social responsibilities with the
additional compulsion to make profits in order to thrive and grow which it must to
fulfill its corporate social responsibilities in greater measure as time passes.
PRAN Signifies investment in agro processing: creating demands for farm produce
which create jobs in rural areas also preventing urban migration. PRANs aim to add
value to agricultural harvest.
Bangladeshs comparative advantage lies in creating a competitive edge in value added
agricultural products. This is what PRAN Stands for.
The Groups major achievement has been to try to consolidate fragmented land holdings
and to organize farmers into contract growers of specific crops for consumption in
PRANs major processed products. With the elimination of the middlemen, farmers
receive fair prices for their produce & due to technical assistance from the agro
processing industry yields, quality and income have risen considerably. Poverty
alleviation through profitable enterprises is now a reachable goal for many farmers. This
resolution is perhaps PRANs greatest achievement.
We know that the success of our business relies on a healthy environment. Were doing
all we can to be good a steward of our planets resources.
Our CSR effort revolves around the four premises i.e. Environment, Energy Preservation,
and Community & People to improve the quality of livelihood.

Promises to The Community

Dairy Development:
To develop the dairy industry in Bangladesh, PRAN has started Dairy Hub operations in
Bangladesh at its own cost were we are organizing farmers, counseling for raring of dairy
& providing cattle feed, Artificial Insemination and other veterinary support to the
farmers to increase the dairy yields.
Education Development:
PRAN is promoting education and supporting several schools in their operations proving
the salary of the teachers and staffs, providing books, arranging special coaching for the
students.
Other Social Support:
Helping Mosque, Temple & Churches.
Working together with Red Crescent.
Collecting and donating blood.
Working for the disabled.
Working with SAVE THE CHILDREN.
Helping the community in natural calamities.
We provide Airport Support for the Hajj Pilgrims every year from Bangladesh to KSA.

To Consumer:
We care for our consumers need and satisfaction. Through our communication activities,
we let our consumer know about the benefits of our products and innovations. Our
approach is to do responsible marketing and have four clearly defined principles that
guide our communications:
1. We aim at building trust through clear communication.
2. We fully support consumers right to know what is in our products and we are
transparent in terms of ingredients. We provide clear communication about our
product ingredients, date of expire, nutrition values, etc.
3. We support our consumers by listening their suggestion, claims or feedback
through use of a combination of channels which include websites and Care line
phone numbers, etc to reduce any kind of misconception.
4. We provide clear price communication.

To Employee:
Equal opportunities are given to both male, female candidates irrespective of
race, religions, culture etc.
Selection is done based on merits and qualifications. Everyone has got clear-cut job
descriptions and got equal opportunity to contribute and share their ideas and thoughts to
grow in the company.
Employees are rewarded with salary, commission and incentives as per standards.
Workers and staffs are provided with free & subsidized food from the factory and office
cafeterias.
Employees health and hygiene are taken out most care with full time adequate numbers
of Doctors, nurses and other medical supports.
To develop the human skills, both on the and off the jobs trainings are constantly being
provided to all the workers and staffs.Promises To The Energy Preservation
SKYLight Roof to utilize daylight during factory operation CFL Bulbs at our Factories
and offices to reduce Power Consumption Powered Trucks to reduce Air Pollution and usage
fossil fuel for all vehicles

Promises to the Environment

Community forestation: In different locations around Bangladesh, we are planting trees
to save our GREEN PLANET.
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP): To ensure safe disposal of factory wastage we are got
ETPs in all the establishments of our Group.
Heat Recovery Boiler: We recover the heat to save energy that we produce and utilize in
our production facilities in all location

Chapter 3: Analysis

SWOT Analysis On PranRfl Group

In Bangladesh PRANRFL is one of the most successful company as well as organization.
This group is trying to achieve a good position in local and global market. So, they have
to analyze the SWOT matrix. SWOT analysis is a planning tool used to analyze an
organizations STRENGTH, WEAKNESS, OPPORTUNITIES & THREATS. Strength
and weakness are organizations internal factor. Opportunities and threats are
organizations external factor. Now the SWOT analysis of PRANRFL is given below:
INTERNAL STRENGTH:

Risk pooling factor.

Large company and organization. Experiences.
Superior source of finance.
Better control over sources and raw material. Financial support
Vast distribution network. Good reputation.

INTERNAL WEAKNESS:

Unequal promotions strategy.

Lack of first movers advantages.
Lack of good control
A lot of distance and a huge amount of transport cost.
Internal promotion.
Internal media planning.
Unpreserved item
Limited product range.

EXTERNAL OPPORTUNITIES

Demand in global market.

Large demand in local market.

Domestic natural resources.

Cheap labor.
Ethnocentrism
Government incentives.
Cash incentives.
Vat.

EXTERNAL THREATS

Huge competition.
Competition in market price.
Lack of benefits.
Strict health and technical standard.
Changing choice of customers.
Foreign competitor
Weak distribution.
changing market.

Marketing Strategy of PranRfl Group

PRANRFL is currently most well-known food and Beverage Company in Bangladesh.
They are now the market leader of food & beverage sector in the market position of
Bangladesh. They always try to maintain some product standard like HACCP, HALAL
and ISO. Except that they are very conscious about their consumers, investors, customers
and all about stakeholders. As a market leader they have some market strategy. PRAN
RFLs strategies are divided into 4 parts
1. STRETEGIES FOR PRODUCT:
High export quality products.
Maintaining the international standard in food, beverage and plastic products.
Maintaining HALAL & HACCP (USA) standard.
Quality Management standard of ISO (9001).
Attractive & colorful package like, bottle, packet etc.
Low rate of chemical and food color.
Different flavors for different customer choice.
Different foods and beverages for different age of customers.
Carbonated beverages, snacks are especially for young generation.
Juice, snacks are for all customers.
Longlasting plastic products.
Export quality products which attract both local & foreign customers.
Changing products with the changing needs.

2. STRATEGIES FOR PRICE:

Reasonable price of product for all kinds of customer.
Cheaper product price than any other international companies of product.
Maintaining high quality products with comparatively low price.
Fix their product price cheaper than other local competitors.
Discount & offers on their products in various occasion like EID, New Year, etc.

3. STRATEGIES FOR PLACE:

Different category of foods & snacks in urban & rural area.

Specifying market places according to the choice & needs of customers.

To be the market leader of local market.

To achieve a good position in international market.

Increasing local & international dealer in different locations.

Activate market with their products.

4. STRATEGIES FOR PROMOTION:

Lots of attractive TV. Advertisement.
Billboards.
Newspaper, magazine advertisement.
Radio advertisement.
Internet advertisement.
By sponsoring social & national events.
Providing discounts among dealers & customers.
Attracting young generation.

Financial Condition of PranRfl Group

PRANRFL group is the largest agro processing company in Bangladesh. The export
condition of PRANRFL is very good position in the world market among all companies
of Bangladesh. There is a lot of demand of PRANRFL products over 114 countries in the
world. PRANRFL expect their export will grow and thus help diversity the countrys
export item. This company has a target to export products worth TK. 4.0 million in the
current fiscal year.
Currently PRANRFL is exporting products to more than 114 countries including
neighboring India and Nepal. The demand for PRANRFL products in India was rising
fast. Their export to India would be at least 10 times the current figure, if the nontariff
barriers facing the company are removed. The company has taken a move to construct an
agroprocessing plant at Tripura in India to supply the products there at competitive prices.
They invest US$ 20 million there it would help boost the exports to their country.
The PRANRFL group had launched their operation as an agricultural equipment
manufacturer back in 1980.It started producing agroprocessing products in early 1990s
and now it produces more than 500 farm products apart from plastic goods. The group
also wants to boost export of its plastic products to Japan, USA and Canada. Bangladesh
has a great potential to tap the export market of petroleum by product. The developed
nations are importing the products from China and Vietnam. They are now searching for
new sources of the products at competitive prices. They are more advantageous position
than China and Vietnam. Buyers from the developed world are now rushing to PRAN
RFL group.
The group has 2 plastic goods producing plants one is Adamjee EPZ and other at Polash,
Narshingdi. PRANRFL is now exporting plastic shopping bags to Japan and Canada.
They are also exporting plastic products to India, Middle East and Europe.
During mid 1980s, after launching its agroprocessing products in the domestic market, it
was involved in farming. It started to grow pineapple, banana and papaya. They used to
supply their farm products to the cities Kawran Bazaar, but the value addition was very
low. At last they hired experts from abroad to help preservation procedures. A bright

prospect for the agroprocessing products to meet the countries demand and the scope to
earn huge foreign exchange by exporting nontraditional goods . The bottled juice of
mangoes was the most successful innovation of PRANRFL Company by making it
popular name in domestic market. After the success of its mango juice products, the
company set up a pulp processing plant at Natore. The plant has a processing capacity of
800 tons per day. This pulp processing plant involve into mango farming in Natore and
other surrounding districts .they assured the farmers to buy their products with a
attractive price. PRANRFL planned to buy 40,000 tons of mangoes worth TK. 750
million this year.
It is now facing on dairy products. They are now working on producing dairy products
and extending support to dairy farmers under its new dairy project. They are the only
company of HUB concept for dairy. They build dairy HUBs at different locations of the
country and it will help attain higher return from milk. The quantity of milk obtained in
traditional cattle rearing is very low and providing farmers with better training and high
bread cattle would produce just for better results.
The PRANRFL group has a large number of company and concern. There are more than
30,000 employees in the company and mostly women.

The financial condition of PRANRFL group is very much developed and growing up
situation, which is only possible for their attempt to do something new and innovative. It
is very helpful to develop our countries dairy and agriculture sector.
Pran, a leading food processor, has tripled its export earnings in the last four years
to more than $144 million (Tk 1,126 crore) now.
Currently, one-fourth of Pran's revenues come from exports: the group's sales
revenue, both from domestic and overseas markets, was more than $500 million
last fiscal year.

 The group exported goods worth $50.93 million in fiscal 2010-11, which
increased to $144.36 million in fiscal 2014-15 -- an impressive 183.44 percent
growth.

Contribution to Economy of PranRfl

PRANRFL is one of the leading companies in Bangladesh. PRAN is the pioneer in
Bangladesh to be involved in contract farming and procures raw material directly from
the farmers and processes through state of the art machinery at our several factories into
hygienically packed food and drinks products. The brand PRAN has established itself
in every category of food and beverage industry and can boost a product range from
Juices, Carbonated Drinks, Confectionery, Snacks, and Spices to even Dairy products.
They put lots of contribution to our countries economy. The development to economy
sectors are
Export
They export their products over 114 countries worldwide.
They export products in Asia, USA, UK Canada and other countries.

Employment
They recruit a lot of top, middle and supervisory workers & employees over
year.
They have 40,000 workers overall.

Proper use of domestic resources

They use our domestic raw materials for their products.
They have their dairy HUB.
Industries
They have 6 industries over Bangladesh.
The industries are helping to develop our economic condition.
Foreign currency
From export PRANRFL earns a huge amount of foreign currency. Contributing
to our revenue.
Developing local market
Activating local market with their products.
Product distribution all over the country.

 Dairy sector development

Dairy hub concept.
Contact farming.
Agriculture sector development.
Collecting raw materials directly from farmers
Collecting raw material from rural harvest land.

Development the lifestyle of customer

Product variation
Affordable product price.
Rural Development
Rural women got seasonal job.
Rural employment.

Chapter 4: Termination

Accolades
As recognition of their work and success PRAN group achieved number of awards
nationally and internationally.

PRAN wins Asia Best Food & Beverage Products Award

PRAN one of the countrys largest food processing company has received the UDC Asia
Best Food & Beverage Products 2011 in recognition of its outstanding achievement in
business.Universo DeComercio (UDC) UK in collaboration with UDC Malaysia awarded
PRAN under the category Global Business Award (Food & Beverage Sector).
Director of PRANRFL Group along with Country Manager of PRAN in Malaysia Asif
Saygal received the award from Colin Bond, Chairman and Dr Erliana Nor, the chief
executive officer of UDC.The awardgiving ceremony was arranged at Putra World Trade
Center at Kuala Lumpur.
For enormous success in export, PRAN won the National Export Trophy for last eight
consecutive years in the agroprocessed food category.
PRAN is currently one of the most admired food & beverages brand among the millions of
people of Bangladesh and other 114 countries of the world where PRAN Products are
regularly being exported and for this PRAN won the best brand award in 2008 and 2009
consecutively.
PRAN also nominated for The Halal Journal Awards in the Best Halal Products category.
Also for excellence in product development, market development etc PRAN has been
awarded numerous trophies in home and abroad.

Conclusion:
In Bangladesh we are blessed with so many natural resources. We are actually agriculture based
country. Most of our foods are produced by our rural farmers . PRANRFL at first took steps to
develop our rural and agricultural sector with new ideas of DAIRYHUB, ContactFarming &
Agro Food Processing concept. Now they are the largest agrofood processor company in
Bangladesh. They export a lot of products in various countries including Europe, USA, Canada
& Indian Subcontinent. So finally we can say that they contribute a lot to our economy &
recognize our rich source of farm to the world.

References:
12345-

www.rflbd.com/
www.pranrflgroup.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRAN
www.pranfoods.net/
https://www.google.com.bd/search?
q=pran+foods&biw=1366&bih=667&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB
-OjR_NHOAhVEQY8KHUQsCSIQ_AUIBigB
6- Lecture Sheets
7- Class Notes